Publications

deciphering the role of rnd efflux transporters in burkholderia cenocepacia.	burkholderia cenocepacia j2315 is representative of a highly problematic group of cystic fibrosis (cf) pathogens. eradication of b. cenocepacia is very difficult with the antimicrobial therapy being ineffective due to its high resistance to clinically relevant antimicrobial agents and disinfectants. rnd (resistance-nodulation-cell division) efflux pumps are known to be among the mediators of multidrug resistance in gram-negative bacteria. since the significance of the 16 rnd efflux systems prese ...	2011	21526150
bacterial leaf symbiosis in ardisia (myrsinoideae, primulaceae): molecular evidence for host specificity.	the association between bacteria and leaves in ardisia has been described as a cyclic and obligate symbiosis in which bacteria are maintained throughout all stages of the plant's life cycle to guarantee normal growth and survival of the host. this intimate interaction suggests that both partners have co-diversified together. to test this co-speciation hypothesis, we constructed an endosymbiont (16s rdna and gyrb) and host (rps16, trnl, matk and its) phylogeny. phylogenetic analyses of the endosy ...	2011	21527340
saturation mutagenesis of a cepr binding site as a means to identify new quorum-regulated promoters in burkholderia cenocepacia.	burkholderia cenocepacia is an opportunistic pathogen of humans that encodes two genes that resemble the acylhomoserine lactone synthase gene luxi of vibrio fischeri and three genes that resemble the acylhomoserine lactone receptor gene luxr. of these, cepi synthesizes octanoylhomoserine lactone (ohl), while cepr is an ohl-dependent transcription factor. in the current study we developed a strategy to identify genes that are directly regulated by cepr. we systematically altered a cepr binding si ...	2011	21255107
perchlorate degradation using an indigenous microbial consortium predominantly burkholderia sp.	an acclimatized mixed microbial consortium, predominantly burkholderia sp., was isolated from an activated sludge and investigated for its potential to degrade perchlorate in batch shake flasks. the 16s rdna analysis of the predominant strain in the mixed culture showed the closest homology (98%) with burkholderia sp. atsb16. for the first time mixed culture with predominantly burkholderia sp., has been reported to be involved in perchlorate degradation. the substrate perchlorate was completely ...	2011	21255920
classification and identification of the burkholderia cepacia complex: past, present and future.	the burkholderia cepacia complex is a group of closely related species with conflicting biological properties. triggered by the devastating effect of pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis patients, the scientific community generated an unusually large amount of taxonomic data for these bacteria during the past 15 years. this review presents the polyphasic, multilocus and genomic methodology used for the classification and identification of these bacteria. the current state-of-the-art demonstra ...	2011	21257278
differential effects of frozen storage on the molecular detection of bacterial taxa that inhabit the nasopharynx.		2011	21261963
characterization of burkholderia rhizoxinica and b. endofungorum isolated from clinical specimens.	eight isolates submitted to cdc from 1989 to 2006 from clinical specimens were initially identified as members of the genus burkholderia based on preliminary cellular fatty acid analysis and/or 16s rrna gene sequencing. with the recent descriptions of the new species b. rhizoxinica and b. endofungorum, which are considered endosymbiotic bacteria in rhizopus microsporus fungi, we now identify seven of these clinical isolates as b. rhizoxinica and one as b. endofungorum based on biochemical testin ...	2011	21267449
use of culture and molecular analysis to determine the effect of antibiotic treatment on microbial community diversity and abundance during exacerbation in patients with cystic fibrosis.	anaerobic bacteria are increasingly regarded as important in cystic fibrosis (cf) pulmonary infection. the aim of this study was to determine the effect of antibiotic treatment on aerobic and anaerobic microbial community diversity and abundance during exacerbations in patients with cf.	2011	21270069
demethylation of methylarsonic acid by a microbial community.	arsenic is one of the most widespread environmental carcinogens and has created devastating human health problems worldwide, yet little is known about mechanisms of biotransformation in contaminated regions. methylarsonic acid [mas(v)], extensively utilized as an herbicide, is largely demethylated to more toxic inorganic arsenite, which causes environmental problems. to understand the process of demethylation of methylarsenicals, soil samples commonly used on florida golf courses were studied. s ...	2011	21272184
impact of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on functional responses of dendritic cells and macrophages towards burkholderia pseudomallei.	diabetes mellitus is a documented risk factor for melioidosis, a tropical infection caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. the increased susceptibility of diabetic individuals to infections with other pathogens has been associated with immune dysregulation. however, the impact of diabetes on the functional responses of dendritic cells (dc) and macrophages during b. pseudomallei infection has not been investigated. this study compared the responses of macrophages and dc towards b. pseudomallei usin ...	2011	21204999
requirement for asparagine in the aquaporin npa sequence signature motifs for cation exclusion.	two highly conserved npa motifs are a hallmark of the aquaporin (aqp) family. the npa triplets form n-terminal helix capping structures with the asn side chains located in the centre of the water or solute-conducting channel, and are considered to play an important role in aqp selectivity. although another aqp selectivity filter site, the aromatic/arg (ar/r) constriction, has been well characterized by mutational analysis, experimental data concerning the npa region--in particular, the asn posit ...	2011	21205205
perasafe, virkon and bleach are bactericidal for burkholderia pseudomallei, a select agent and the cause of melioidosis.		2011	20832143
a novel light-dependent selection marker system in plants.	photosensitizers are common in nature and play diverse roles as defense compounds and pathogenicity determinants and as important molecules in many biological processes. toxoflavin, a photosensitizer produced by burkholderia glumae, has been implicated as an essential virulence factor causing bacterial rice grain rot. toxoflavin produces superoxide and h₂o₂ during redox cycles under oxygen and light, and these reactive oxygen species cause phytotoxic effects. to utilize toxoflavin as a selection ...	2011	20731786
the second rna chaperone, hfq2, is also required for survival under stress and full virulence of burkholderia cenocepacia j2315.	burkholderia cenocepacia j2315 is a highly virulent and epidemic clinical isolate of the b. cepacia complex (bcc), a group of bacteria that have emerged as important pathogens to cystic fibrosis patients. this bacterium, together with all bcc strains and a few other prokaryotes, is unusual for encoding in its genome two distinct and functional hfq-like proteins. in this work, we show results indicating that the 188-amino-acid hfq2 protein is required for the full virulence and stress resistance ...	2011	21278292
formation of new polyhydroxyalkanoate containing 3-hydroxy-4-methylvalerate monomer in burkholderia sp.	burkholderia sp. synthase has been shown to polymerize 3-hydroxybutyrate (3hb), 3-hydroxyvalerate, and 3-hydroxy-4-pentenoic acid monomers. this study was carried out to evaluate the ability of burkholderia sp. usm (jcm 15050) and its transformant harboring the polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) synthase gene of aeromonas caviae to incorporate the newly reported 3-hydroxy-4-methylvalerate (3h4mv) monomer. various culture parameters such as concentrations of nutrient rich medium, fructose and 4-methylval ...	2011	21279348
burkholderia latens infection in cystic fibrosis.		2011	21288782
detection of rapidly growing mycobacteria in routine cultures of samples from patients with cystic fibrosis.	rapidly growing mycobacteria (rgm) are respiratory pathogens in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf), but detection generally requires specialized cultures for acid-fast bacilli (afb; afb cultures). we determined that rgm could be recovered from routine cultures of samples from patients with cf by extending incubation of the burkholderia cepacia selective agar (bcsa) from 5 to 14 days. to explore the impact of this modification, we compared results from routine and afb cultures of samples from cf ...	2011	21289148
chemical synthesis and biological evaluation of gallidermin-siderophore conjugates.	the lantibiotic gallidermin was modified at lysine residues by regioselective attachment of derivatives of pyochelin, agrobactin and desferrioxamine b with the objective of having siderophore receptors of gram-negative bacteria transport the antibiotic-iron chelator conjugate through the outer membrane. all of the conjugates retained activity against the gram-positive indicator strain, lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris hp. however, testing of the conjugates against several gram-negative strains ...	2011	21290068
burkholderia pseudomallei antibodies in individuals living in endemic regions in northeastern brazil.	a seroepidemiological investigation was conducted among the population of two municipalities in northeastern brazil. immunoglobulin m (igm) and igg antibodies to burkholderia pseudomallei were positive in 51.27% (161 in 317 samples) and 58.49% (186), respectively. igm titers were higher in children than in adults. on the contrary, igg increased progressively with age. we observed a significant association between agricultural occupation and raised igm titers (p < 0.005) and igg titers (p < 0.001 ...	2011	21292903
glyburide is anti-inflammatory and associated with reduced mortality in melioidosis.	patients with diabetes mellitus are more prone to bacterial sepsis, but there are conflicting data on whether outcomes are worse in diabetics after presentation with sepsis. glyburide is an oral hypoglycemic agent used to treat diabetes mellitus. this k(atp)-channel blocker and broad-spectrum atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter inhibitor has broad-ranging effects on the immune system, including inhibition of inflammasome assembly and would be predicted to influence the host response to infect ...	2011	21293047
[a case of melioidosis in argentina].	we describe a case of 17-year- old man native of dominican republic, with hodgkin's lymphoma, who presented soft espontaneous draining nodules. in the clinical samples grew burkholderia pseudomallei; the etiological agent of melioidosis. he received antimicrobial treatment with imipenem and amoxicillin/clavulanic with very good clinical evolution of the infectious process. melioidosis diagnosis could be underestimated due to the low incidence of burkholderia pseudomallei in our continent. the de ...	2011	21296719
versatile metabolic adaptations of ralstonia eutropha h16 to a loss of pdhl, the e3 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.	a previous study reported that the tn5-induced poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) (phb)-leaky mutant ralstonia eutropha h1482 showed a reduced phb synthesis rate and significantly lower dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (dhldh) activity than the wild-type r. eutropha h16 but similar growth behavior. insertion of tn5 was localized in the pdhl gene encoding the dhldh (e3 component) of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (pdhc). taking advantage of the available genome sequence of r. eutropha h16, observation ...	2011	21296938
renal allograft recipient with melioidosis of the urinary tract.		2011	21299774
human immune responses to burkholderia pseudomallei characterized by protein microarray analysis.	we aimed to determine the antibody and t cell responses to burkholderia pseudomallei of humans to select candidate vaccine antigens.	2011	21300673
the cluster 1 type vi secretion system is a major virulence determinant in burkholderia pseudomallei.	the burkholderia pseudomallei k96243 genome encodes six type vi secretion systems (t6sss), but little is known about the role of these systems in the biology of b. pseudomallei. in this study, we purified recombinant hcp proteins from each t6ss and tested them as vaccine candidates in the balb/c mouse model of melioidosis. recombinant hcp2 protected 80% of mice against a lethal challenge with k96243, while recombinant hcp1, hcp3, and hcp6 protected 50% of mice against challenge. hcp6 was the onl ...	2011	21300775
burkholderia cepacia complex: beyond pseudomonas and acinetobacter.	burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) is an important nosocomial pathogen in hospitalised patients, particularly those with prior broad-spectrum antibacterial therapy. bcc causes infections that include bacteraemia, urinary tract infection, septic arthritis, peritonitis and respiratory tract infection. due to high intrinsic resistance and being one of the most antimicrobial-resistant organisms encountered in the clinical laboratory, these infections can prove very difficult to treat and, in some ca ...	2011	21304187
new detection systems of bacteria using highly selective media designed by smart: selective medium-design algorithm restricted by two constraints.	culturing is an indispensable technique in microbiological research, and culturing with selective media has played a crucial role in the detection of pathogenic microorganisms and the isolation of commercially useful microorganisms from environmental samples. although numerous selective media have been developed in empirical studies, unintended microorganisms often grow on such media probably due to the enormous numbers of microorganisms in the environment. here, we present a novel strategy for ...	2011	21304596
molecular analysis of bacterial communities in uranium ores and surrounding soils from banduhurang open cast uranium mine, india: a comparative study.	bacterial community structure of heavy metal rich- uranium ores and surrounding soils was explored using 16s rrna gene based clone library analysis and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) to provide baseline microbial diversity data on autochthonous communities. sequence analysis of major ribotypes and/or dgge bands revealed proteobacteria and acidobacteria as the two most frequently present bacterial phyla across the samples, although relative abundance of each phyla and identity of ...	2011	21308598
development of a strain for efficient degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls by patchwork assembly of degradation pathways.	rhodococcus jostii rha1 accumulates chlorobenzoates (cba) during the degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). cba degradation is considered one of the rate-limiting steps in the complete degradation of pcbs. to reduce the accumulation of cbas, the upper pathway enzyme genes for pcb degradation of rha1 were introduced into a cba-degrading bacterium, burkholderia sp. nk8. the resulting recombinant strain exhibited no biphenyl 2,3-dioxygenase (bpha) activity encoded by bphaaabacad genes, wh ...	2011	21310654
economic effects of an eradication protocol for first appearance of pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis patients: 1995 vs. 2009.	acquisition of pseudomonas aeruginosa (psa) and infection with mucoid strains is associated with repeated pulmonary exacerbations which often require intravenous and long-term nebulised antibiotic treatments, repeated hospitalizations and leads to a more precipitous decline in lung function. anti-psa antibiotic therapy early in the course of psa infection in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) may result in eradication of psa and prevention or delay of colonization with the organism. from january ...	2011	21310671
environmental burkholderia cepacia strain cs5 acting by two analogous alkyl-quinolones and a didecyl-phthalate against a broad spectrum of phytopathogens fungi.	an environmental burkholderia cepacia strain named cs5 was isolated and identified first using api biochemical identification system and then with 16s rdna and reca sequence homology search. this bacterium exhibited a broad spectrum of fungicidal activities against alternaria alternata, aspergillus niger, fusarium culmorum, f. graminearum, f. oxysporum and rhizoctonia solani. in the liquid conditions, the mic of a. niger and r. solani were reached with, respectively, 1.25-2% of the cs5 liquid cu ...	2011	21311886
regulation of sulfur assimilation pathways in burkholderia cenocepacia through control of genes by the ssur transcription factor.	the genome of burkholderia cenocepacia contains two genes encoding closely related lysr-type transcriptional regulators, cysb and ssur, involved in control of sulfur assimilation processes. in this study we show that the function of ssur is essential for the utilization of a number of organic sulfur sources of either environmental or human origin. among the genes upregulated by ssur identified here are the tauabc operon encoding a predicted taurine transporter, three taud-type genes encoding put ...	2011	21317335
transport and bacterial interactions of three bacterial strains in saturated column experiments.	the impact of bacteria-solid and bacteria-bacteria interactions on the transport of klebsiella oxytoca, burkholderia cepacia g4pr1, and pseudomonas sp. #5 was investigated in saturated sand column experiments (l = 114 mm; ø = 33 mm) under constant water velocities (~ 5 cm · h(-1)). bacterial strains were injected into the columns as pulses either individually, simultaneously, or successively. a one-dimensional mathematical model for advective-dispersive transport and for irreversible and reversi ...	2011	21319738
in vitro susceptibility of burkholderia vietnamiensis to aminoglycosides.	burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) bacteria are opportunistic pathogens that can cause severe disease in cystic fibrosis (cf) patients and other immunocompromised individuals and are typically multidrug resistant. here we observed that unlike other bcc species, most environmental and clinical burkholderia vietnamiensis isolates were intrinsically susceptible to aminoglycosides but not to cationic antimicrobial peptides or polymyxin b. furthermore, strains acquired aminoglycoside resistance durin ...	2011	21321142
dna fingerprinting of septicemic and localized burkholderia pseudomallei isolates from malaysian patients.	we have analysed dna fingerprinting patterns by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) of 52 unrelated burkholderia pseudomallei strains isolated from septicemic and localized infections from malaysian subjects. a total of 38 pfge types were observed among 36 septicemic and 16 localized strains with no predominant pattern. type 25 was seen in 2 epidemiologically related strains, suggesting human to human transmission. twelve pfge types were shared among 26 strains (21 septicemic and 5 localized ...	2011	21323173
fe-superoxide dismutase and 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone reductase preclude the auto-oxidation step in 4-aminophenol metabolism by burkholderia sp. strain ak-5.	burkholderia sp. strain ak-5 converts 4-aminophenol to maleylacetic acid via 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene, which is unstable in vitro and non-enzymatically auto-oxidized to 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone. crude extract of strain ak-5 retarded the auto-oxidation and reduced the substrate analogue, 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone, in the presence of nadh. the two enzymes responsible were purified to homogeneity. the deduced amino acid sequence of the enzyme that inhibited the auto-oxidation showed a high le ...	2011	20480210
the effect of dornase alfa on ventilation inhomogeneity in patients with cystic fibrosis.	outcome measures to assess therapeutic interventions in cystic fibrosis (cf) patients with mild lung disease are lacking. our aim was to determine if the lung clearance index (lci) can detect a treatment response to dornase alfa in paediatric cf patients with normal spirometry. cf patients between 6-18 yrs of age with fev(1 )≥ 80% pred were eligible. in a crossover design, 17 patients received 4 weeks of dornase alfa and placebo in a randomised sequence separated by a 4-week washout period. the ...	2011	20693248
phylogenetic relationships and diversity of β-rhizobia associated with mimosa species grown in sishuangbanna, china.	in order to investigate the genetic diversity of rhizobia associated with various exotic and invasive species in tropical mainland china, 116 bacterial isolates were obtained from mimosa root nodules collected from sishuangbanna and yuanjiang districts of yunnan province. isolated rhizobia were characterized by rflp analysis of 16s rrna genes, sds-page of whole-cell proteins and box-pcr. most of the isolated strains were identified as β-rhizobia belonging to diverse populations of burkholderia a ...	2011	20228206
genetic characterization of root-nodule bacteria associated with acacia salicina and a. stenophylla (mimosaceae) across south-eastern australia.	symbiotic relationships between legumes and nitrogen-fixing soil micro-organisms are of ecological importance in plant communities worldwide. for example, nutrient-poor australian soils are often dominated by shrubby legumes (e.g. species of acacia). however, relatively few studies have quantified patterns of diversity, host-specificity and effectiveness of these ecologically important plant-microbe interactions. in this study, 16s rrna gene sequence and pcr-rflp analyses were used to examine ba ...	2011	20228207
burkholderia oxyphila sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from acidic forest soil that catabolizes (+)-catechin and its putative aromatic derivatives.	a novel bacterium, designated strain ox-01(t), was isolated from acidic soil, taxonomically investigated and identified as an agent that catabolizes (+)-catechin into taxifolin. strain ox-01(t) is a gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-sporulating, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterium. 16s rrna gene sequence analysis identified this strain as a member of the genus burkholderia and occupying a phylogenetic position closest to, but clearly distinct from, burkholderia sacchari. strain ox-01(t) does ...	2011	20207808
the plant pathogen pseudomonas fuscovaginae contains two conserved quorum sensing systems involved in virulence and negatively regulated by rsal and the novel regulator rsam.	pseudomonas fuscovaginae is a gram-negative fluorescent pseudomonad pathogenic towards several plant species. despite its importance as a plant pathogen, no molecular studies of virulence have thus far been reported. in this study we show that p. fuscovaginae possesses two conserved n-acyl homoserine lactone (ahl) quorum sensing (qs) systems which we designated pfsi/r and pfvi/r. the pfsi/r system is homologous to the bvii/r system of burkholderia vietnamiensis and produces and responds to c10-h ...	2011	20701623
mucoid and nonmucoid burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria in cystic fibrosis infections.	infection with burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) bacteria in cystic fibrosis (cf) is associated with an unpredictable rate of pulmonary decline. some bcc, but not others, elaborate copious mucoid exopolysaccharide, endowing them with a gross mucoid phenotype, the clinical significance of which has not been described.	2011	20709823
bpib05, a novel metagenome-derived hydrolase acting on n-acylhomoserine lactones.	the n-acyl-homoserine lactones (n-ahls) play an important role in bacterial cell-cell signaling. up to date, however, only a few different experimentally proven classes of n-ahl ring-cleaving enzymes are known. here we report on the isolation and biochemical characterization of a novel hydrolase derived from the soil metagenome and acting on n-ahls. the identified protein designated bpib05 is weakly similar to hypothetical proteins from bacteroides fragilis, the draft genomes of two burkholderia ...	2011	21215778
hospital-wide outbreak of burkholderia contaminans caused by prefabricated moist washcloths.	we experienced a hospital outbreak of burkholderia contaminans (burkholderia cepacia group k) in a german university hospital with two campuses. cases were defined as the microbiological detection of b. cepacia complex (bcc) in any clinical specimen sent to the laboratory during 30 june to 21 october 2008. species identification of bcc was performed by reca gene sequencing, followed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge; spei digest) for clonal identity. in total, 61 bcc-positive cases were ...	2011	21216034
monitoring biodegradative enzymes with nanobodies raised in camelus dromedarius with mixtures of catabolic proteins.	functional studies of biodegradative activities in environmental microorganisms require molecular tools for monitoring catabolic enzymes in the members of the native microbiota. to this end, we have generated repertories of single-domain v(hh) fragments of camel immunoglobulins (nanobodies) able to interact with multiple proteins that are descriptors of environmentally relevant processes. for this, we immunized camelus dromedarius with a cocktail of up to 12 purified enzymes that are representat ...	2011	21219561
fatal acute melioidosis in a tourist returning from martinique island, november 2010.	we report the fatal case of acute melioidosis in a patient returning from martinique with fever in november 2010. gram-negative rods were isolated from a blood culture and burkholderia pseudomallei identified within 24 hours after first medical contact. the patient died two days after admission to hospital despite intravenous therapy with high doses of imipenem/cilastatin and intensive care. clinicians seeing travellers returning from the subtropics or tropics with severe pneumonia or septicaemi ...	2011	21223835
communication with a growing family: diffusible signal factor (dsf) signaling in bacteria.	many pathogenic bacteria use cell-cell signaling to regulate the expression of factors contributing to virulence. bacteria produce signals of diverse structural classes. the signal molecule known as diffusible signal factor (dsf) is a cis-unsaturated fatty acid that was first described in the plant pathogen xanthomonas campestris. recent work has shown that structurally related molecules produced by the unrelated bacteria burkholderia cenocepacia and pseudomonas aeruginosa regulate virulence, bi ...	2011	21227698
acceptance criteria for identification results of gram-negative rods by mass spectrometry.		2011	21233293
a product analog bound form of 3-oxoadipate-enol-lactonase (pcad) reveals a multifunctional role for the divergent cap domain.	lactones are a class of structurally diverse molecules that serve essential roles in biological processes ranging from quorum sensing to the aerobic catabolism of aromatic compounds. not surprisingly, enzymes involved in the bioprocessing of lactones are often targeted for protein engineering studies with the potential, for example, of optimized bioremediation of aromatic pollutants. the enol-lactone hydrolase (elh) represents one such class of targeted enzymes and catalyzes the conversion of 3- ...	2011	21237173
prhklm genes of ralstonia solanacearum encode novel activators of hrp regulon and are required for pathogenesis in tomato.	the genes in the hrp regulon encode the proteins composing type iii secretion system in ralstonia solanacearum. the hrp regulon is positively controlled by hrpb, and hrpb expression is activated by both hrpg and prhg. we have identified three genes, prhk, prhl, and prhm, which positively control the hrp regulon in strain oe1-1. these genes are likely to form an operon, and this operon is well conserved in the genera ralstonia and burkholderia. this indicates that the operon is not specific to th ...	2011	21241356
macrophage and galleria mellonella infection models reflect the virulence of naturally occurring isolates of b. pseudomallei, b. thailandensis and b. oklahomensis.	burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a tropical disease of humans with a variable and often fatal outcome. in murine models of infection, different strains exhibit varying degrees of virulence. in contrast, two related species, b. thailandensis and b. oklahomensis, are highly attenuated in mice. our aim was to determine whether virulence in mice is reflected in macrophage or wax moth larvae (galleria mellonella) infection models.	2011	21241461
burkavidin: a novel secreted biotin-binding protein from the human pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei.	the avidin-biotin technology has many applications, including molecular detection; immobilization; protein purification; construction of supramolecular assemblies and artificial metalloenzymes. here we present the recombinant expression of novel biotin-binding proteins from bacteria and the purification and characterization of a secreted burkavidin from the human pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei. expression of the native burkavidin in escherichia coli led to periplasmic secretion and formation ...	2011	21241807
the oxalic acid biosynthetic activity of burkholderia mallei is encoded by a single locus.	although it is known that oxalic acid provides a selective advantage to the secreting microbe our understanding of how this acid is biosynthesized remains incomplete. this study reports the identification, cloning, and partial characterization of the oxalic acid biosynthetic enzyme from the animal bacterial pathogen, burkholderia mallei. the discovered gene was named oxalate biosynthetic component (obc)1. complementation of burkholderia oxalate defective (bod)1, a burkholderia glumae mutant that ...	2011	21242070
in vitro and in vivo properties of bal30376, a β-lactam and dual beta-lactamase inhibitor combination with enhanced activity against gram-negative bacilli that express multiple β-lactamases.	bal30376 is a triple combination comprising a siderophore monobactam, bal19764; a novel bridged monobactam, bal29880, which specifically inhibits class c β-lactamases; and clavulanic acid, which inhibits many class a and some class d β-lactamases. the mic(90) was ≤ 4 μg/ml (expressed as the concentration of bal19764) for most species of the enterobacteriaceae family, including strains that produced metallo-β-lactamases and were resistant to all of the other β-lactams tested. the mic(90) for sten ...	2011	21245441
photothermal nanoblade for large cargo delivery into mammalian cells.	it is difficult to achieve controlled cutting of elastic, mechanically fragile, and rapidly resealing mammalian cell membranes. here, we report a photothermal nanoblade that utilizes a metallic nanostructure to harvest short laser pulse energy and convert it into a highly localized explosive vapor bubble, which rapidly punctures a lightly contacting cell membrane via high-speed fluidic flows and induced transient shear stress. the cavitation bubble pattern is controlled by the metallic structure ...	2011	21247066
metabolites from the induced expression of cryptic single operons found in the genome of burkholderia pseudomallei.	bacterial genome sequencing projects routinely uncover gene clusters that are predicted to encode the biosynthesis of uncharacterized small molecules. a subset of these cryptic genetic elements appears as individual operons. here we investigate potential single-operon biosynthetic systems found in the genome of the pathogenic bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei . placing these operons under the control of an inducible promoter led to the production of seven new metabolites. among the molecules w ...	2011	21247113
use of a western blot technique for the serodiagnosis of glanders.	the in vivo diagnosis of glanders relies on the highly sensitive complement fixation test (cft). frequently observed false positive results are troublesome for veterinary authorities and cause financial losses to animal owners. consequently, there is an urgent need to develop a test with high specificity. hence, a western blot assay making use of a partly purified lipopolysaccaride (lps) containing antigen of three burkholderia mallei strains was developed. the test was validated investigating a ...	2011	21247488
n-octanoylhomoserine lactone signalling mediated by the bpsi-bpsr quorum sensing system plays a major role in biofilm formation of burkholderia pseudomallei.	the genome of burkholderia pseudomallei encodes three acylhomoserine lactone (ahl) quorum sensing systems, each comprising an ahl synthase and a signal receptor/regulator. the bpsi-bpsr system produces n-octanoylhomoserine lactone (c8hl) and is positively auto-regulated by its ahl product. the products of the remaining two systems have not been identified. in this study, tandem ms was used to identify and quantify the ahl species produced by three clinical b. pseudomallei isolates - khw, k96243 ...	2011	21252275
autophagy targeting of listeria monocytogenes and the bacterial countermeasure.	autophagy acts as an intrinsic defense system against intracellular bacterial survival. recently, multiple cellular pathways that target intracellular bacterial pathogens to autophagy have been described. these include the atg5/lc3 pathway, which targets shigella, the ubiquitin (ub)-ndp52-lc3 pathway, which targets group a streptococcus (gas) and salmonella typhimurium, the ub-p62-lc3 pathway, which targets mycobacterium tuberculosis, listeria monocytogenes and s. typhimurium, and the diacylglyc ...	2011	21193840
a conference report from "down under": talking autophagy at ozbio2010.	ozbio2010 was held at the melbourne convention and exhibition centre, september 26 to october 1, 2010. this international conference catered to researchers in several fields having complementary interests including biochemistry, molecular biology, cell biology, plant physiology and health-related research. it was held under the auspices of two major international scientific societies, iubmb and faobmb, and the combio2010 collective (representing nine professional societies and groupings from aus ...	2011	21116128
increased electrical output when a bacterial abts oxidizer is used in a microbial fuel cell.	microbial fuel cells (mfcs) are a technology that provides electrical energy from the microbial oxidation of organic compounds. most mfcs use oxygen as the oxidant in the cathode chamber. this study examined the formation in culture of an unidentified bacterial oxidant and investigated the performance of this oxidant in a two-chambered mfc with a proton exchange membrane and an uncoated carbon cathode. dna, fame profile and characterization studies identified the microorganism that produced the ...	2011	20853166
ecological succession in long-term experimentally evolved biofilms produces synergistic communities.	many biofilm populations are known for their exceptional biodiversity, but the relative contributions of the forces that could produce this diversity are poorly understood. this uncertainty grows in the old, well-established communities found on many natural surfaces and in long-term, chronic infections. if the prevailing interactions among species within biofilms are positive, productivity should increase with diversity, but if they tend towards competition or antagonism, productivity should de ...	2011	20811470
burkholderia cepacia complex: emerging multihost pathogens equipped with a wide range of virulence factors and determinants.	the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) comprises at least 17 closely-related species of the beta-proteobacteria subdivision, widely distributed in natural and man-made inhabitats. bcc bacteria are endowed with an extraordinary metabolic diversity and emerged in the 1980s as life-threatening and difficult-to-treat pathogens among patients suffering from cystic fibrosis. more recently, these bacteria became recognized as a threat to hospitalized patients suffering from other diseases, in particula ...	2011	20811541
enhancing functional expression of heterologous burkholderia lipase in escherichia coli.	functional expression of lipase from burkholderia sp. c20 (lip) in various cellular compartments of escherichia coli was explored. the poor expression in the cytoplasm of e. coli was improved by several strategies, including coexpression of the cytoplasmic chaperone groel/es, using a mutant e. coli host strain with an oxidative cytoplasm, and protein fusion technology. fusing lip with the n-terminal peptide tags of t7pk, dsba, and dsbc was effective in enhancing the solubility and biological act ...	2011	20730511
endofungal bacterium controls its host by an hrp type iii secretion system.	burkholderia rhizoxinica and rhizopus microsporus form a unique symbiosis in which intracellular bacteria produce the virulence factor of the phytopathogenic fungus. notably, the host strictly requires endobacteria to sporulate. in this study, we show that the endofungal bacteria possess a type iii secretion system (t3ss), which has a crucial role in the maintenance of the alliance. mutants defective in type iii secretion show reduced intracellular survival and fail to elicit sporulation of the ...	2011	20720578
il-8 released from human lung epithelial cells induced by cystic fibrosis pathogens burkholderia cepacia complex affects the growth and intracellular survival of bacteria.	burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) is a group of gram-negative pulmonary pathogens associated with life-threatening infections in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). the airway epithelium plays a crucial role in the initiation and modulation of inflammatory responses to these pathogens. interleukin (il)-8 released from epithelial cells is a potent chemoattractant for neutrophils. the aims of this study were to compare the il-8 response to bcc infection in different epithelial cell types and to i ...	2011	20829108
bactericidal effects of non-thermal argon plasma in vitro, in biofilms and in the animal model of infected wounds.	non-thermal (low-temperature) physical plasma is under intensive study as an alternative approach to control superficial wound and skin infections when the effectiveness of chemical agents is weak due to natural pathogen or biofilm resistance. the purpose of this study was to test the individual susceptibility of pathogenic bacteria to non-thermal argon plasma and to measure the effectiveness of plasma treatments against bacteria in biofilms and on wound surfaces. overall, gram-negative bacteria ...	2011	20829396
detection of autoinducer (ai-2)-like activity in food samples.	the contamination, survival, and possible foodborne disease outbreaks are major issues confronting the food industry. however, from a microbial perspective, any food whether natural or processed is just another environmental niche that is available for colonization. quorum sensing or cell-cell communication is a process by which microorganisms are thought to communicate with each other using a variety of small molecules termed autoinducers. the autoinducer ai-2 is thought to be a universal signa ...	2011	21031305
changes in the repertoire of natural antibodies caused by immunization with bacterial antigens.	the repertoire of natural anti-glycan antibodies in naïve chickens and in chickens immunized with bacteria burkholderia mallei, burkholderia pseudomallei, and francisella tularensis as well as with peptides from an outer membrane protein of b. pseudomallei was studied. a relatively restricted pattern of natural antibodies (first of all igy against bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan fragments, l-rha, and core n-acetyllactosamine) shrank and, moreover, the level of detectable antibodies decreased a ...	2011	21999548
immunogenic consensus sequence t helper epitopes for a pan-burkholderia biodefense vaccine.	background. biodefense vaccines against category b bioterror agents burkholderia pseudomallei (bpm) and burkholderia mallei (bm) are needed, as they are both easily accessible to terrorists and have strong weaponization potential. burkholderia cepaciae (bc), a related pathogen, causes chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients. since bpm, bm and bc are all intracellular bacteria, they are excellent targets for t cell-based vaccines. however, the sheer volume of available genomic data re ...	2011	22130150
thirty years of heme catalases structural biology.	about thirty years ago the crystal structures of the heme catalases from penicillium vitale (pvc) and, a few months later, from bovine liver (blc) were published. both enzymes were compact tetrameric molecules with subunits that, despite their size differences and the large phylogenetic separation between the two organisms, presented a striking structural similarity for about 460 residues. the high conservation, confirmed in all the subsequent structures determined, suggested a strong pressure t ...	2011	22209752
Bacterial cis-2-unsaturated fatty acids found in the cystic fibrosis airway modulate virulence and persistence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.	There is an increasing appreciation of the polymicrobial nature of many bacterial infections such as those associated with cystic fibrosis (CF) and of the potentially important role for interspecies interactions in influencing both bacterial virulence and response to therapy. Patients with CF are often co-infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other pathogens including Burkholderia cenocepacia and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. These latter bacteria produce signal molecules of the diffusible si ...	2011	22134647
determination of the crystal structure and active residues of fabv, the enoyl-acp reductase from xanthomonas oryzae.	enoyl-acp reductase (enr) catalyses the last reduction reaction in the fatty acid elongation cycle in bacteria and is a good antimicrobial target candidate. fabv is the most recently discovered class of enr, but we lack information about the atomic structure and the key residues involved in reductase activity except for the known conserved tyrosine and lysine residues in the y-x(8)-k active site motif.	2011	22039545
antibiotic resistance and extended-spectrum β-lactamases in isolated bacteria from seawater of algiers beaches (algeria).	the aim of the study was to evaluate bacterial antibiotic resistance in seawater from four beaches in algiers. the most significant resistance rates were observed for amoxicillin and ticarcillin, whereas they were relatively low for ceftazidime, cefotaxime and imipenem. according to sampling sites, the highest resistance rates were recorded for 2 sites subjected to chemical and microbiological inputs (amoxicillin, 43% and 52%; ticarcillin, 19.6% and 47.7%), and for 2 sites relatively preserved f ...	2011	22095134
contamination of the cell sorter fluidics system with the water-borne bacterium burkholderia cepacia.		2011	21905213
strategies for intracellular survival of burkholderia pseudomallei.	burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a disease with high mortality that is prevalent in tropical regions of the world. a key component of the pathogenesis of melioidosis is the ability of b. pseudomallei to enter, survive, and replicate within mammalian host cells. for non-phagocytic cells, bacterial adhesins have been identified both on the bacterial surface and associated with type 4 pili. cell invasion involves components of one or more of the three type 3 secretio ...	2011	22007185
copper as an antibacterial agent for human pathogenic multidrug resistant burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria.	the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) consists of 17 closely related multidrug resistant bacterial species that are difficult to eradicate. copper has recently gained attention as an antimicrobial agent because of its inhibitory effects on bacteria, yeast, and viruses. the objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of copper surfaces and copper powder against members of the b. cepacia complex. the antibacterial activity of different copper surfaces was evaluated by incub ...	2011	21925940
An ensemble of structures of Burkholderia pseudomallei 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase.	Burkholderia pseudomallei is a soil-dwelling bacterium endemic to Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. Burkholderia is responsible for melioidosis, a serious infection of the skin. The enzyme 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM) catalyzes the interconversion of 3-phosphoglycerate and 2-phosphoglycerate, a key step in the glycolytic pathway. As such it is an extensively studied enzyme and X-ray crystal structures of PGAM enzymes from multiple species have been elucid ...	2011	21904048
diversity of 16s-23s rdna internal transcribed spacer (its) reveals phylogenetic relationships in burkholderia pseudomallei and its near-neighbors.	length polymorphisms within the 16s-23s ribosomal dna internal transcribed spacer (its) have been described as stable genetic markers for studying bacterial phylogenetics. in this study, we used these genetic markers to investigate phylogenetic relationships in burkholderia pseudomallei and its near-relative species. b. pseudomallei is known as one of the most genetically recombined bacterial species. in silico analysis of multiple b. pseudomallei genomes revealed approximately four homologous r ...	2011	22195045
discovery of dna operators for tetr and marr family transcription factors fromburkholderia xenovorans.	determining transcription factor recognition motifs or operator sites is central to understanding gene regulation, yet few operators have been characterized. in this study, we used a protein-binding microarray (pbm) to discover the dna recognition sites and putative regulons for three tetr and one marr family tfs derived from b. xenovorans, which are common to the burkholderia genus. we also describe the development and application of a more streamlined version of the pbm technology that signifi ...	2011	22117006
O-Acetyl location on cepacian, the principal exopolysaccharide of Burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria.	Cepacian is an exopolysaccharide produced by the majority of the isolates belonging to the Burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria, a group of 17 species, some of which infect cystic fibrosis patients, sometime with fatal outcome. The repeating unit of cepacian consists of a backbone having a trisaccharidic repeating unit with three side chains, as reported in the formula below. The exopolysaccharide is also acetylated, carrying from one to three acetyl esters per repeating unit, depending on the ...	2011	22055818
The CRP/FNR family protein Bcam1349 is a c-di-GMP effector that regulates biofilm formation in the respiratory pathogen Burkholderia cenocepacia.	Burkholderia cenocepacia is an opportunistic respiratory pathogen that can cause severe infections in immune-compromised individuals and is associated with poor prognosis for patients suffering from cystic fibrosis. The second messenger cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) has been shown to control a wide range of functions in bacteria, but little is known about these regulatory mechanisms in B. cenocepacia. Here we investigated the role that c-di-GMP plays in the regulation of biofilm fo ...	2011	21883527
Antioxidant compounds improved PCB-degradation by Burkholderia xenovorans strain LB400.	Polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) are toxic and persistent organic pollutants that are widely distributed in the environment. Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 is capable of degrading aerobically an unusually wide range of PCBs. However, during PCB-degradation B. xenovorans LB400 generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that affect its viability. The aim of this study was to increase the efficiency of PCB-degradation of B. xenovorans LB400 by adding antioxidant compounds that could increase tolerance to oxi ...	2011	22142725
Bacterial leaf symbiosis in angiosperms: host specificity without co-speciation.	Bacterial leaf symbiosis is a unique and intimate interaction between bacteria and flowering plants, in which endosymbionts are organized in specialized leaf structures. Previously, bacterial leaf symbiosis has been described as a cyclic and obligate interaction in which the endosymbionts are vertically transmitted between plant generations and lack autonomous growth. Theoretically this allows for co-speciation between leaf nodulated plants and their endosymbionts. We sequenced the nodulated Bur ...	2011	21915326
association of dnt genes of burkholderia sp. dnt with the substrate-blind regulator dntr draws the evolutionary itinerary of 2,4-dinitrotoluene biodegradation.	the regulation of the dnt pathway for biodegradation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene of burkholderia sp. dnt has been examined by exporting each of its components to pseudomonas putida kt2440. the cognate regulator dntr does not respond to the pathway substrate, but to the non-substrate salicylate. in order to examine whether such a response to an unrelated inducer was specific or rather a vestige of a previous evolutionary stage, the complete dnt complement or parts of it were expressed functionally for ...	2011	21923773
enantiomeric scaffolding of α-tetralone and related scaffolds by ekr (enzymatic kinetic resolution) and stereoselective ketoreduction with ketoreductases.	stereochemically pure compounds containing an all carbon quaternary stereocenter based on 1-tetralone, 1-indanone and 4-chromanone scaffolds have been synthesized by employing lipase ps (burkholderia cepacia) catalyzed kinetic resolution. these scaffolds are further functionalized by microbial ketoreductase enzymes (geotrichum candidum, candida parapsilosis and aspergillus niger) to access stereochemically pure diols which, on further synthetic manipulation, yield novel cyclic compounds.	2011	22102058
Burkholderia phytofirmans strain PsJN primes Vitis vinifera L. and confers a better tolerance to low non-freezing temperatures.	Several endophytic bacteria reportedly induce resistance to biotic stress and abiotic stress tolerance in several plant species. Burkholderia phytofirmans strain PsJN (PsJN) is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) that is able to colonize grapevine tissues and induce resistance to gray mold. Further, PsJN induces physiological changes that increase grapevine tolerance to low non-freezing temperatures. To better understand how bacteria induced the observed phenomena, stress-related gene ...	2011	21942451
transcriptional responses of burkholderia cenocepacia to polymyxin b in isogenic strains with diverse polymyxin b resistance phenotypes.	burkholderia cenocepacia is a gram-negative opportunistic pathogen displaying high resistance to antimicrobial peptides and polymyxins. we identified mechanisms of resistance by analyzing transcriptional changes to polymyxin b treatment in three isogenic b. cenocepacia strains with diverse polymyxin b resistance phenotypes: the polymyxin b-resistant parental strain k56-2, a polymyxin b-sensitive k56-2 mutant strain with heptoseless lipopolysaccharide (lps) (rsf34), and a derivative of rsf34 (rsf ...	2011	21955326
effectiveness of a simplified method for isolation of burkholderia pseudomallei from soil.	detection of environmental burkholderia pseudomallei indicates a risk for melioidosis and is important for the development of a global risk map. we describe a simple method for detecting b. pseudomallei using direct culture of soil in enrichment broth. this gives a rate of positivity comparable to that obtained with a standard method but is cheaper and labor saving.	2011	22101048
Probing conformational states of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase by fragment screening.	Glutaric acidemia type 1 is an inherited metabolic disorder which can cause macrocephaly, muscular rigidity, spastic paralysis and other progressive movement disorders in humans. The defects in glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (GCDH) associated with this disease are thought to increase holoenzyme instability and reduce cofactor binding. Here, the first structural analysis of a GCDH enzyme in the absence of the cofactor flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is reported. The apo structure of GCDH from Burkh ...	2011	21904051
common features of environmental and potentially beneficial plant-associated burkholderia.	the genus burkholderia comprises more than 60 species isolated from a wide range of niches. although they have been shown to be diverse and ubiquitously distributed, most studies have thus far focused on the pathogenic species due to their clinical importance. however, the increasing number of recently described burkholderia species associated with plants or with the environment has highlighted the division of the genus into two main clusters, as suggested by phylogenetical analyses. the first c ...	2011	21850446
Structures of Burkholderia thailandensis nucleoside kinase: implications for the catalytic mechanism and nucleoside selectivity.	The nucleoside kinase (NK) from the mesophilic Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia thailandensis (BthNK) is a member of the phosphofructokinase B (Pfk-B) family and catalyzes the Mg(2+)- and ATP-dependent phosphorylation of a broad range of nucleosides such as inosine (INO), adenosine (ADO) and mizoribine (MZR). BthNK is currently used in clinical practice to measure serum MZR levels. Here, crystal structures of BthNK in a ligand-free form and in complexes with INO, INO-ADP, MZR-ADP and AMP-Mg( ...	2011	22101821
[pneumonia-causing bacterial pathogens in intensive care patients].	this prospective study aimed at determining etiologic agents causing nosocomial pneumonia in a precisely defined group of patients and resistance of bacterial pathogens to antimicrobial drugs.	2011	22052100
Enhancing plant disease suppression by Burkholderia vietnamiensis through chromosomal integration of Bacillus subtilis chitinase gene chi113.	Burkholderia vietnamiensis P418 is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. A chitinase gene from Bacillus subtilis was cloned and stably integrated into the chromosome of using the transposon delivery vector, pUTkm1. Chitinase activity was detected in recombinant P418-37 but not in wild type P418. Recombinant P418-37 retained the in vitro growth rate, N(2)-fixation and phosphate and potassium-solubilizing characteristics of the wild type. P418-37 significantly (P < 0.05) inc ...	2011	21972146
development of an acute model of inhalational melioidosis in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).	studies of inhalational melioidosis were undertaken in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). following exposure to an inhaled challenge with aerosolized burkholderia pseudomallei, lethal infection was observed in marmosets challenged with doses below 10 cfu; a precise ld(50) determination was not possible. the model was further characterized using a target challenge dose of approximately 10(2) cfu. a separate pathogenesis time-course experiment was also conducted. all animals succumbed, betw ...	2011	22122591
combined docking and molecular dynamics simulations to enlighten the capacity of pseudomonas cepacia and candida antarctica lipases to catalyze quercetin acetylation.	a combined docking and molecular dynamics protocol was applied to investigate quercetin binding modes within the catalytic cavity of candida antarctica lipase b (calb) and pseudomonas cepacia lipase (pcl), aiming to explain the difference of specificity of these enzymes in acetylation reaction. for both lipases, docking of quercetin yielded two families of conformers with either the quercetin a or b-ring pointing towards the catalytic residues. molecular dynamics (md) calculations were subsequen ...	2011	21933689
should cystic fibrosis patients infected with burkholderia cepacia complex be listed for lung transplantation?	a best evidence topic was constructed according to a structured protocol. the question addressed was whether lung transplantation remained a beneficial treatment for cystic fibrosis (cf) patients infected or colonized with burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) prior to lung transplantation (ltx). of the 25 papers found using a report search, five presented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. the authors, journal, date and country of publication, study type, group studied, relevant ou ...	2011	21920934
autophagy stimulation by rapamycin suppresses lung inflammation and infection by burkholderia cenocepacia in a model of cystic fibrosis.	cystic fibrosis (cf) is the most common inherited lethal disease of caucasians which results in multi organ dysfunction. however, 85% of the deaths are due to pulmonary infections. infection by burkholderia cenocepacia (b. cepacia) is a particularly lethal threat to cf patients because it causes severe and persistent lung inflammation and is resistant to nearly all available antibiotics. in cftr δf508 mouse macrophages, b. cepacia persists in vacuoles that do not fuse with the lysosomes and medi ...	2011	21997369
the phylogenetic distribution and ecological role of carbon monoxide oxidation in the genus burkholderia.	burkholderia is a physiologically and ecologically diverse genus that occurs commonly in assemblages of soil and rhizosphere bacteria. although burkholderia is known for its heterotrophic versatility, we demonstrate that 14 distinct environmental isolates oxidized carbon monoxide (co) and possessed the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of form i co dehydrogenase (coxl). dna from a burkholderia isolate obtained from a passalid beetle also contained coxl as do the genomic sequences of species h1 ...	2011	22029898
delayed activation of host innate immune pathways in streptozotocin-induced diabetic hosts leads to more severe disease during infection with burkholderia pseudomallei.	diabetes mellitus is a predisposing factor of melioidosis contributing to higher mortality rates in diabetics infected with burkholderia pseudomallei. to investigate how diabetes alters the inflammatory response, we established a streptozotocin (stz)-induced diabetic murine acute-phase melioidosis model. viable b. pseudomallei cells were consistently detected in the blood, liver and spleen during the 42 hr course of infection but the hyperglycemic environment did not increase the bacterial burde ...	2011	22136109