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physiological responses of over-wintering common carp (cyprinus carpio) to disturbance by eurasian otter (lutra lutra).using a tame animal, the impact of otter (lutra lutra) disturbance on over-wintering carp (cyprinus carpio) was monitored in two experiments, 133 and 140 days, respectively, over two consecutive winters (november-april). the level of stress in over-wintering carp exposed to various intensities of disturbance by otters was quantified using biological indicators of stress (cortisol, cortisone, indices of nitrogen, carbohydrate, lipid and mineral metabolism and activity of basic blood plasma enzyme ...200818665460
qualitative parameters of the piapara semen (leporinus elongatus valenciennes, 1850).qualitative parameters of piapara semen (leporinus elongatus) were evaluated before and after hormonal induction with carp pituitary extract at 2.5 mg.kg(-1) of live weight. the progressive motility, the spermatic vigor and the lifetime of the spermatozoa were higher before the hormonal induction (p > 0.05). the percentage of normal spermatozoa and spermatozoa with secondary pathologies did not differ (p > 0.05) between treatments: before induction (44.0 and 44.4%, respectively) and after-induct ...200818660966
effects of subchronic exposure to lasso mtx (alachlor 42% w/v) on hematological indices and histology of the common carp, cyprinus carpio l.the aim of the study was to evaluate subchronic toxic effects of the preparation lasso mtx (alachlor 42% w/v) on hematological indices and histology of the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). in carp exposed for 28 days to lasso mtx in the concentration of 2,400 microg l(-1), significant differences (p < 0.05), were detected in all indices of the erythrocyte profiles tested except hematocrit (pcv) when compared to controls. at a lower exposure (240 microg l(-1)) concentration of blood hemoglobin a ...200818654729
effects of a phase iii cardiac rehabilitation program on physical status and lipid profiles in elderly patients with coronary artery disease: juntendo cardiac rehabilitation program (j-carp).limited data are available regarding the effects of phase iii cardiac rehabilitation on the physical status and risk factors in elderly patients with coronary artery disease (cad).200818654005
modulation of fenthion-induced oxidative effects by bso in the liver of cyprinus carpio l.the objective of the present study was to evaluate the oxidative stress potential of low-level organophosphate fenthion exposure with the modulatory effect of buthionine sulfoximine in the liver of cyprinus carpio l. the fish were exposed to 20% of 96-hour lc(50) of fenthion for 24 and 96 hours. total and oxidized glutathione, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, protein levels, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-s-transferase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase-speci ...200818622870
comparative study on the morphology and the composition of the otoliths in the teleosts.saccular otoliths of teleosts were mostly larger than utricular otoliths, which might relate to the three-dimensional movement. the large and heavy otolith may be better suited in saccules of the bottom and reef fishes. the quantities of iron in lagenar otoliths were found to be lower than those of birds. the function of the fish lagena remains to be elucidated by further studies.200818607888
identification and characterization of two mtf-1 genes in common carp.the metal-responsive transcription factor (mtf-1) serves as an essential regulator of zn(2+) homeostasis via the activation of metallothionein gene expression. only a single mtf-1 gene has been identified in any organism investigated previously. we report here the first evidence of the existence of two genes encoding mtf-1 proteins (mtf-1.1 and mtf-1.2). the expression patterns were followed in the liver, kidney, muscle, brain and heart by means of northern hybridization and reverse transcriptio ...200818602497
adapting a markov monte carlo simulation model for forecasting the number of coronary artery revascularisation procedures in an era of rapidly changing technology and policy.treatments for coronary heart disease (chd) have evolved rapidly over the last 15 years with considerable change in the number and effectiveness of both medical and surgical treatments. this period has seen the rapid development and uptake of statin drugs and coronary artery revascularization procedures (carps) that include coronary artery bypass graft procedures (cabgs) and percutaneous coronary interventions (pcis). it is difficult in an era of such rapid change to accurately forecast requirem ...200818578858
expression profiles of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in teleost fish provide evidence for its active role in initiation and resolution of inflammation.matrix metalloproteinase 9 (mmp-9) belongs to a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases. as a consequence of its ability to cleave structural extracellular matrix molecules, mammalian mmp-9 is associated with vital inflammatory processes such as leucocyte migration and tissue remodelling and regeneration. interestingly, mmp-9 genes have been identified in fish, but functional data are still limited and focus on the involvement of mmp-9 in embryonic development, reproduction and post-mortem tende ...200818557954
diagnostic coronary angiography in patients with peripheral arterial disease: a sub-study of the coronary artery revascularization prophylaxis trial.although patients in need of elective vascular surgery are often considered candidates for diagnostic coronary angiography, the safety of this invasive study has not been systematically studied in a large cohort of patients scheduled for an elective vascular operation. the goal of this sub-study of the coronary artery revascularization prophylaxis (carp) trial was to assess the safety of coronary angiography in patients with peripheral vascular disease.200818761563
[genetic variation analysis of two silver carp populations in the middle and upper yangtze river by microsatellite.].thirty nine microsatellite markers were applied to analyze the genetic diversity of two silver carp populations in the middle and upper reaches of the yangtze river. the following parameters were calculated: average observed number of alleles, average effective number of alleles, genetic heterozygosity, polymorphism information content (pic), genetic similarity coefficient, genetic distance, hardy-weinberg balance deflection index. these results indicated that the average observed number of alle ...200818930896
differential recovery from exercise and hypoxia exposure measured using 31p- and 1h-nmr in white muscle of the common carp cyprinus carpio.phosphocreatine (pcr) was reduced to equivalent levels in carp white muscle by high-intensity exhaustive exercise and exposure to hypoxia at 15 degrees c and 25 degrees c in order to assess the influence of intracellular ph (ph(i)), temperature and lactate levels on pcr recovery in vivo. high-intensity exercise resulted in a significantly lower ph(i) compared with hypoxia exposure and the rate of pcr depletion and tissue acidification during hypoxia exposure was significantly higher in carp held ...200818840657
immunohistochemical localization of constitutive and inducible heat shock protein 70 in carp (cyprinus carpio) and trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to transport stress.in the present work we investigated by immunohistochemistry the cellular localization of constitutive as well as inducible heat shock protein 70 in several tissues of common carp (cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to transport stress.in carp, the constitutive form (hsc70) was detected only in red skeletal muscle of both control and stressed animals. in the same species, the inducible form (hsp70) was evident in the epithelia of renal tubules,gills and skin of stres ...200818840560
highly efficient retinal metabolism in cones.after bleaching of visual pigment in vertebrate photoreceptors, all-trans retinal is reduced to all-trans retinol by retinol dehydrogenases (rdhs). we investigated this reaction in purified carp rods and cones, and we found that the reducing activity toward all-trans retinal in the outer segment (os) of cones is >30 times higher than that of rods. the high activity of rdhs was attributed to high content of rdh8 in cones. in the inner segment (is) in both rods and cones, rdh8l2 and rdh13 were fou ...200818836074
[mixture effects to vitellogenin induction by four environmental estrogens in freshwater fish].combined effects of estrogenic compounds to high risk life-form were demonstrated, and the study method on combined effects of environmental contaminant mixture and environmental risk assessment were also discussed. a nonlinear aggression was determined on the changes of plasma vitellogenin concentration in crucian carp via the environmental pollutant exposure concentration, and the concentration-response relationship was determined for the single chemical of estradiol, ethynylestradiol, bisphen ...200818828392
nmda modulation of gaba transporter current in carp retinal horizontal cells.in the present study, the modulatory effect of nmda on gaba transporter current was investigated on enzymatically isolated horizontal cells of carp retina. after application of nmda (0.1 mm) for 50 s, the gaba transporter current elicited by gaba (1 mm) was decreased to 78.07+/-3.10% (n=5) of the control level. when the extracellular ca(2+) was removed from the ringer's solution, the nmda inhibitory effect on the gaba transporter current was eliminated. the suppression effect could be attenuated ...200818822275
usefulness of revascularization of patients with multivessel coronary artery disease before elective vascular surgery for abdominal aortic and peripheral occlusive disease.the coronary artery revascularization prophylaxis (carp) study showed no survival benefit with preoperative coronary artery revascularization before elective vascular surgery. the generalizability of the trial results to all patients with multivessel coronary artery disease (cad) has been questioned. the objective of this study was to determine the impact of prophylactic coronary revascularization on long-term survival in patients with multivessel cad. over a 4-year period, 1,048 patients underw ...200818805102
stress and innate immunity in carp: corticosteroid receptors and pro-inflammatory cytokines.the stress hormone cortisol is deeply involved in immune regulation in all vertebrates. common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) express four corticoid receptors that may modulate immune responses: three glucocorticoid receptors (gr); gr1, with two splice variants (gr1a and gr1b), gr2 and a single mineralocorticoid receptor (mr). all receptors are expressed as of 4 days post-fertilization and may thus play a critical role in development and functioning of the adult immune system. immune tissues and cell ...200818804866
identification and expression analysis of an interferon stimulated gene 15 (isg15) from black rockfish, sebastes schlegeli.the interferon stimulated gene 15 (isg15) is strongly induced in many cell types by ifns, viral infection and double-stranded rna (poly i:c). the isg15 homolog cdna was isolated from the black rockfish poly i:c stimulated leukocyte cdna library. the black rockfish isg15 homolog was found to consist of 1070bp encoding 160 amino acid residues. compared with other known isg15 peptide sequences, the most conserved regions of the black rockfish isg15 peptide were found to be the tandem ubiquitin-like ...200818790062
purification and characterisation of trypsins from the pyloric caeca of mandarin fish (siniperca chuatsi).two trypsins of anionic form (trypsin a) and cationic form (trypsin b) from the pyloric caeca of mandarin fish (siniperca chuatsi) were highly purified by a series of chromatographies, including deae-sephacel, sephacryl s-200 hr, q-sepharose or sp-sepharose. purified trypsins revealed a single band on native-page. the molecular weights of trypsin a and b were 21kda and 21.5kda, respectively, as estimated by sds-page, both under reducing and non-reducing conditions. zymography analysis showed tha ...200826049226
isolation of cathepsin b from the muscle of silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and comparison of cathepsins b and l actions on surimi gel softening.cathepsin b from silver carp muscle was purified to 263-fold by acid treatment, ammonium sulfate fractionation, followed by a series of chromatographic separations. the molecular mass of the purified enzyme was 29kda as determined by sds-page and immunoblotting. the purified enzyme was activated by dithiothreitol and cysteine while it was substantially inhibited by e-64, suggesting the purified enzyme belongs to the cysteine proteinase family. optimal ph and temperature were 5.5 and 35°c, respec ...200826049221
[role of gata-4 in cardiac development and remodeling].gata-4 plays important roles in the process of cardiac development and remodeling. deletion or mutation of gata-4 is associated with malformation of cardiac development directly, even embryolethality. down-regulation of gata-4 may lead to deterioration of cardiac function. gata4 activity is significantly changed by pathological stimulation induced by pressure overload, hypoxia, sympathetic nerve activation, etc. it involves in the process of myocardium remodeling through regulating anp, bnp, bcl ...200819119610
reproductive parameters of common carp (cyprinus carpio l) spawners during natural season and out-of-season spawning.common carp spawning characteristics were compared between season and out-of-season periods. there were no differences in the percentage of ovulation, spermatozoa motility and embryo survival to the eyed-egg-stage between the spawning periods. fish spawned during the season produced oocytes of higher total weight than those spawned out-of-season. on the day exogenous feeding began, larvae obtained in out-of-season spawning were shorter than those obtained during the spawning season. however, the ...200819092989
[the genetic diversity of diploid and triploid crucian carp from six populations in heilongjiang river system].twelve microsatellite markers from silver crucian carp were used to investigate the genetic structuring of the diploid and triploid crucian carp from six natural populations in heilongjiang river system. in the six populations, the number of average allele (a) is from 5.8 to 6.8, the number of effective allele (ne) is from 2.8 to 4.6, the expected heterozygosity value (he) is from 0.5592 to 0.6962 and the average pic value is from 0.5962 to 0.648, which indicated that the genetic diversity of th ...200819073556
relations between and among contaminant concentrations and biomarkers in black bass (micropterus spp.) and common carp (cyprinus carpio) from large u.s. rivers, 1995-2004.environmental contaminant and biomarker monitoring data from major u.s. river basins were summarized for black bass (micropterus spp.) and common carp (cyprinus carpio) sampled over a nine year period. cumulative frequency distributions revealed taxon differences for many organochlorine residue concentrations, elemental contaminant concentrations, and biomarkers, but few gender differences were evident for chemical concentrations. concentrations of dacthal, pentachloroanisole, p,p'-dde, endosulf ...200819037492
alternative techniques for producing a quality surimi and kamaboko from common carp (cyprinus carpio).the demand for surimi and kamaboko is increasing in the world at the same time as the supply of the fish traditionally used has declined. in an effort to increase the range and hence supply of fish used, factors increasing the quality of surimi and kamaboko from common carp were investigated. the best surimi and kamaboko characteristics were produced by a modified conventional method (mcm) rather than traditional method (tm), alkaline-aided method (aam), and ph modified method (pmm). mcm process ...200819021796
pre-treatment of dietary plant feedstuffs with phytase and its effect on growth and mineral concentration in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).effect of phytase pre-treatment of dietary plant feed stuffs (pf) on growth and mineral concentration in common carp (c. carpio l.) was investigated. diets used were: c0, diet with no supplement; ci, diet with incubated pf; cp0, diet supplemented with 3 g p/kg; cpi, diet with incubated pf supplemented with 3 g p/kg; phyt0, diet fortified with 4000 u phytase/kg; phyti, diet with pf incubated with 4000 u phytase/kg. mean weight gain, sgr and fcr were the same (p < 0.05) in fish fed cp0, cpi or phy ...200819012613
optimization of the isolation and cultivation of cyprinus carpio primary hepatocytes.the aquatic environment is affected by numerous chemical contaminants. there is an increasing need to identify these chemicals and to evaluate their potential toxicity towards aquatic life. in this research we optimized techniques for primary cell culture of cyprinus carpio hepatocytes as one adjunct model for ecotoxicological evaluation of the potential hazards of xenobiotics in the aquatic environment. in this study, cyprinus carpio hepatocytes were isolated by mechanical separation, two-step ...200819002769
effects of subchronic metribuzin exposure on common carp (cyprinus carpio).effects of metribuzin on biochemical and haematological indices, induction of specific biomarkers and impacts on biometric parameters of cyprinus carpio were investigated for subchronic conditions.200818987601
development of 10 tri- and tetranucleotide microsatellite loci for population studies in the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).ten tri- and tetranucleotide microsatellite dna markers were isolated and characterized from common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) to estimate genetic potential. these markers were tested in the samples from two closely related carp populations (cyprinus carpio var. xingguonensis and cyprinus carpio var. wananensis). the number of the alleles ranged from three to nine, and observed and expected hererozygosities varied from 0.207 to 1.000 and from 0.499 to 0.900 in each population, respectively. no ev ...200821586045
[role of food carbohydrates in the regulation of fish satiety (examplified with the carp cyprinus carpio): pre- and postabsorptional mechanisms]. 200818959218
soybean meal induces intestinal inflammation in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).the development of soybean meal (sbm) induced enteritis in the hindgut of the omnivorous common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). the developed condition was assessed when carp, continuously fed on animal protein, were transferred to a diet in which 20% of the protein was replaced by sbm. after week 1, most of the inflammation parameters were already present, but at week 3, a strong aggravation of the condition was observed which included a shortening of the mucosal folds, the disappearance of the supr ...200818954997
impact of copper on the oxidative metabolism of the fry of common carp, cyprinus carpio (linn.) at different ph.in order to evaluate the impact of copper on the energetics of a fish, the levels of glucose, glycogen, pyruvate and lactate, the rate of tissue oxygen consumption and the activities of glycogen phosphorylase, isocitrate dehydrogenase (icdh), succinate dehydrogenase (sdh) and lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) were estimated in the whole body of the fry of cyprinus carpio immediately after 1, 7, 15 and 30 days on exposure to a sublethal concentration of copper 0.08 mgl(-1) at ph 7.5 (normal), 6.0 (weak ...200819295071
characterization of glial fibrillary acidic protein and astroglial architecture in the brain of a continuously growing fish, the rainbow trout.unlike mammals, some fish, including carp and trout, have a continuously growing brain. the glial architecture of teleost brain has been intensively studied in the carp and few data exist on trout brain. in this study, using immunoblotting we characterized the topographic distribution of glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap) in larval and adult rainbow trout brain and studied by immunohistochemistry the distribution and morphology of gfap-immunoreactive cell systems in the rainbow trout hindbra ...200815967744
[genetic structure of crucian carp (cypriniformes, cyprinidae, carassius l. 1758) populations of middle-dnieper basin].comparative analysis of middle dnieper crucian carp's population structure was made by means of biochemical gene marking, cytometry and biological analysis. as a result the structure was found, which may by expounded like association of the genetically related species and forms. this association consists of diploid c. auratus (which predominates in population), c. carassius (which was found in the some of north-eastern reservoirs only) and triploid c. gibelio. in ukraine the homogeneous populati ...200815771088
the first appearance of rodlet cells in carp (cyprinus carpio l.) ontogeny and their possible roles during stress and parasite infection.the origin and function of rodlet cells (rcs) are still a matter of discussion. whereas the exogenous hypothesis considers them parasites, the endogenous hypothesis regards them as a genuine fish cell population with a secretory and/or leukocyte function. in order to shed more light on these questions we focused on the location and appearance of rcs during carp (cyprinus carpio) ontogeny. typical rcs were seen at 5days post fertilisation (dpf) between kidney and intestine, at 6dpf in the intesti ...200816843681
[different characteristics of skeletal muscle lactate dehydrogenase in cyprinus carpio and salmo gairdneri]. 200816756093
[comparative study of the rod and cone contributions to the generation of b-wave erg and tectal evoked potential in the dark-adapted carp].amplitudes and peak latencies as functions of wave length and monochromatic light intensity were investigated for b-wave erg and tectal evoked potentials (ep) in the dark-adapted carp (cyprinus carpio l). it was found, that independently of light intensity b-wave action spectra had one maximum in the medium wave band, corresponding to rod sensitivity area. for tectal ep, similar action spectra with maximum in the middle-wave were seen at low light intensity only. the b-wave amplitude growth was ...200817147211
combined effects of different food rations and sublethal copper exposure on growth and energy metabolism in common carp.common carp (cyprinus carpio) were fed two different rations, 0.5% body weight (low ration; lr) and 5% body weight (high ration; hr), throughout acclimation, sublethal (64 microg/l) cu exposure for 28 days, and a subsequent 2-week recovery period. growth, liver water content, and liver energy stores were assessed during this period. growth rates were elevated in hr fish compared to lr fish, as was the hepatic lipid content. this was associated with a higher water content in the livers of lr fish ...200817721796
evaluation of water productivity and fish yield in sewage-fed vis-à-vis fertilized based carp culture.reuse of wastewater in aquaculture provides a scope to enhance water productivity of the system. quantification of nutrient inputs incorporated through treated domestic sewage with varying dosages viz. 79.3 x 10(5)lha(-1) and 67.7 x 10(5)lha(-1) and water productivity in a controlled carp culture system were assessed in comparison to those involved in a fertilized based one, with a view to correlate among physical, chemical and biological processes involved in fish yield under the systems. the n ...200817881225
seasonal variations in olfactory sensory neurons--fish sensitivity to sex pheromones explained?olfactory sensory neurons of vertebrates regenerate throughout the life of the animal. in fishes, crypt cells are a type of olfactory sensory neurons thought to respond to sex pheromones. here, we demonstrate that the number of crypt cells in the olfactory epithelium of the crucian carp varies dramatically throughout the year. during winter, few crypt cells are observed at any location within the sensory epithelium. in spring, the majority of crypt cells are located deep in the epithelium not ye ...200817962228
[adaptive modification of receptor region of carp cyprinus carpio (cyprinidae, teleostei) taste system after chronic anosmia]. 200817214304
optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis of visceral waste proteins of catla (catla catla) for preparing protein hydrolysate using a commercial protease.protein hydrolysate was prepared from visceral waste proteins of catla (catla catla), an indian freshwater major carp. hydrolysis conditions (viz., time, temperature, ph and enzyme to substrate level) for preparing protein hydrolysates from the fish visceral waste proteins were optimized by response surface methodology (rsm) using a factorial design. model equation was proposed with regard to the effect of time, temperature, ph and enzyme to substrate level. an enzyme to substrate level of 1.5% ...200817303414
haemato-biochemical responses and induction of hsp70 to dietary phosphorus in catla catla (hamilton) fingerlings.a feeding trial of 120 days was conducted to study the effect of graded levels of dietary phosphorus on haematology, serum protein concentrations and hsp70 expression in fingerlings of the indian major carp, catla (catla catla). eight isonitrogenous and isoenergetic purified diets were formulated to contain graded levels of dietary phosphorus (dp), i.e., t(1), 0.1%; t(2), 0.3%; t(3), 0.5%; t(4), 0.7%; t(5), 0.9%; t(6), 1.1%; t(7), 1.3%; or t(8), 1.5%. four hundred and eighty fish (average weight ...200818958586
influence of serotonin on the action of melatonin in mih-induced meiotic resumption in the oocytes of carp catla catla.the influences of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) on the action of melatonin (n-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) in mih (maturation inducing hormone)-induced meiotic resumption were evaluated in the oocytes of carp catla catla using an in vitro model. oocytes from gravid female carp were isolated and incubated separately in medium 199 containing either (a) only melatonin (mel; 100 pg/ml), or (b) only serotonin (ser; 100 pg/ml), or (c) only mih (1 microg/ml), or (d) mel and mih (e) or mel (4 h before) ...200818455941
protein hydrolysate from visceral waste proteins of catla (catla catla): optimization of hydrolysis conditions for a commercial neutral protease.protein hydrolysate was prepared from visceral waste proteins of an indian freshwater major carp, catla catla. hydrolysis conditions (viz., time, temperature and enzyme to substrate level) for preparing protein hydrolysates from the fish visceral waste proteins using in situ ph of the visceral mass were optimized by response surface methodology (rsm) by employing a factorial design. the regression coefficient close to 1.0, observed during both experimental and validation runs, indicated the vali ...200817933524
isolation and sequence analysis of sox genes in the red crucian carp (carassius carassius red variety).sox genes encode a family of transcription factors which are characterized by the conserved hmg domain and are involved in a diverse range of developmental processes. using degenerate primer pcr, 7 different sequences encoding the hmg domains of sox1, sox9 and sox1 1b were cloned and sequenced from genomic dna in the red crucian carp (carassius carassius red variety). in the case of sox1 and sox1 1b, we found evidence of gene duplication. in the phylogenetic tree, two paralogs of sox1 1b (sox1 1 ...200819137736
female crucian carp, carassius carassius, lose predator avoidance behavior when getting ready to mate.in predator-prey interactions, the prey often have to compromise fitness-related behaviors such as feeding, courting, and territorial defense in order to avoid predators. in these trade-off situations, some behaviors have priority over others. these priorities are not rigid, and may be context-dependent; for instance, many animals show increased risk-taking during courtship behavior by paying less attention to potential predators. we investigated whether the fright reaction, a stereotypical avoi ...200818937012
differential regulation of amp-activated kinase and akt kinase in response to oxygen availability in crucian carp (carassius carassius).we investigated whether two kinases critical for survival during periods of energy deficiency in anoxia-intolerant mammalian species, amp-activated kinase (ampk), and protein kinase b (akt), are equally important for hypoxic/anoxic survival in the extremely anoxia-tolerant crucian carp (carassius carassius). we report that phosphorylation of ampk and akt in heart and brain showed small changes after 10 days of severe hypoxia (0.3 mg o2/l at 9 degrees c). in contrast, anoxia exposure (0.01 mg o2/ ...200818922957
effects of antalarmin, a crf receptor 1 antagonist, on fright reaction and endocrine stress response in crucian carp (carassius carassius).the corticotrophin-releasing factor (crf) receptors show striking homogeneity throughout the vertebrate subphylum. in mammals, the crf(1) receptor (crfr(1)) plays an important role in mediating behavioral and endocrine responses to fear and stress. the specific roles of this receptor subtype in fear and stress reactions in non-mammalian vertebrates are largely unknown. crucian carp displays the olfactory-mediated fright reaction, a stereotypic behavioral response to waterborne cues from damaged ...200818830607
tissue distribution and depuration of the extracted hepatotoxic cyanotoxin microcystins in crucian carp (carassius carassius) intraperitoneally injected at a sublethal dose.an acute toxicity experiment was conducted by intraperitoneal injection with a sublethal dose of extracted microcystins (mcs), 50 microg mc-lr (where l = leucine and r = arginine) equivalent/kg body weight (bw), to examine tissue distribution and depuration of mcs in crucian carp (carassius carassius). liver to body weight ratio increased at 3, 12, 24, and 48 h postinjection compared with that at 0 h (p < 0.05). mc concentrations in various tissues and aquaria water were analyzed at 1, 3, 12, 24 ...200818677427
cardiac survival in anoxia-tolerant vertebrates: an electrophysiological perspective.certain vertebrates, such as freshwater turtles of the genus chrysemys and trachemys and crucian carp (carassius carassius), have anoxia-tolerant hearts that continue to function throughout prolonged periods of anoxia (up to many months) due to successful balancing of cellular atp supply and demand. in the present review, we summarize the current and limited understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying this cardiac anoxia tolerance. what emerges is that cold temperature substantially modi ...200818589002
effect of anoxia on the electroretinogram of three anoxia-tolerant vertebrates.to survive anoxia, neural atp levels have to be defended. reducing electrical activity, which accounts for 50% or more of neural energy consumption, should be beneficial for anoxic survival. the retina is a hypoxia sensitive part of the central nervous system. here, we quantify the in vivo retinal light response (electroretinogram; erg) in three vertebrates that exhibit varying degrees of anoxia tolerance: freshwater turtle (trachemys scripta), epaulette shark (hemiscyllium ocellatum) and leopar ...200818579424
a novel inwardly rectifying k+ channel, kir2.5, is upregulated under chronic cold stress in fish cardiac myocytes.a new member of the inward-rectifier k(+) channel subfamily kir2 was isolated and characterised from the crucian carp (carassius carassius) heart. when expressed in cos-1 cells this 422 amino acid protein produced an inward-rectifying channel with distinct single-channel conductance, mean open time and open probability. phylogenetic sequence comparisons indicate that it is not homologous to any known vertebrate kir channel, yet belongs to the kir2 subfamily. this novel crucian carp channel incre ...200818552306
seasonal acclimatization of brain lipidome in a eurythermal fish (carassius carassius) is mainly determined by temperature.crucian carp (carassius carassius) is an excellent vertebrate model for studies on temperature adaptation in biological excitable membranes, since the species can tolerate temperatures from 0 to +36 degrees c. to determine how temperature affects the lipid composition of brain, the fish were acclimated for 4 wk at +30, +16, or +4 degrees c in the laboratory, or seasonally acclimatized individuals were captured from the wild throughout the year (temperature = +1 to +23 degrees c), and the brain g ...200818305022
improved normalization of real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction data using an external rna control.no golden standard exists for normalization of real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt pcr) data and procedures used are often not validated. numerous studies have indicated that current approaches are inadequate. here, we report the development of an external rna control approach. it is the first to add external rna to tissue on a per unit weight basis, and we demonstrate its accuracy, suitability, and necessity in experiments involving severe physiological challenges. we ...200818294949
evaluation of estrogenicity of sewage effluent and reclaimed water using vitellogenin as a biomarker.to evaluate the quality of reclaimed water, the estrogenicity of effluent from a sewage treatment plant and of reclaimed water treated with coagulation-sedimentation-filtration using the effluent as raw water was assessed using vitellogenin (vtg) as a biomarker. after a three-week exposure, significant (p < 0.05) induction of vtg occurred in female crucian carp (carassius carassius) exposed continuously to the secondary effluent and reclaimed water with different dilutions (12.5, 25, 50, and 100 ...200818092868
the changes of serum testosterone level and hepatic microsome enzyme activity of crucian carp (carassius carassius) exposed to a sublethal dosage of pentachlorophenol.pentachlorophenol (pcp), which was reported to be a typical persistent organic pollutant and environmental endocrine disruptor, may cause threat to aquatic species. in this study, serum testosterone concentration, activity of liver microsome ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (erod) and glutathione s-transferases (gst) of crucian carp (carassius carassius) exposed to pcp for 7 and 15 d, respectively, were examined. the results showed that testosterone concentration was induced remarkably after 7 d (p< ...200818063032
predator-induced morphology enhances escape locomotion in crucian carp.fishes show a remarkable diversity of shapes which have been associated with their swimming abilities and anti-predator adaptations. the crucian carp (carassius carassius) provides an extreme example of phenotypic plasticity in body shape which makes it a unique model organism for evaluating the relationship between body form and function in fishes. in crucian carp, a deep body is induced by the presence of pike (esox lucius), and this results in lower vulnerability to gape-limited predators, su ...200817971327
[chromosomal studies of germ cells in diploid and polyploid fish produced by distant crossing].by observing the chromosomal spreads of germ cells and tissue sections, we studied the chromosomal spreads of germ cells in diploid and polyploid fish produced by distant crossing. the samples covered the second generation of hybrids of red crucian carp (carassius auratus red var.) (female) x common carp (cyprinus carpio) (male) (2n = 100) (f2), allotetraploid hybrids of red crucian carp (female) x common carp (male)(4n = 200), triploid hybrids of gold fish (female)x allotetraploid (male) (3n = ...200818464590
microcystin-induced variations in transcription of gsts in an omnivorous freshwater fish, goldfish.the glutathione s-transferases are important enzymes in the microcystin-induced detoxication processes. in this experiment, we cloned the full-length cdna of alpha, pi and theta-class-like glutathione s-transferase genes from goldfish (carassius auratus l). their derived amino acid sequences were clustered with other vertebrate alpha, pi and theta-class gsts in a phylogenetic tree and the goldfish gst sequences have the highest similarity with those from common carp and zebrafish. goldfish were ...200818455246
characterization of the cell-mediated cytotoxic responses of isogeneic ginbuna crucian carp induced by oral immunisation with hapten-modified cellular antigens.a better understanding of the immune responses in fish elicited by oral immunisation is of importance for the development of new and effective oral vaccines for cultured fish. in the present study, we characterized specific cell-mediated cytotoxic responses in isogeneic ginbuna crucian carp (carassius auratus langsdorfii) following oral immunisation with cellular antigens. trinitrophenyl- (tnp) or dinitrophenyl- (dnp) modified syngeneic and allogeneic cells were used for studying the fine specif ...200818407518
sexually disrupting effects of nonylphenol and diethylstilbestrol on male silver carp (carassius auratus) in aquatic microcosms.based on detected nonylphenol (np) levels in aquaculture water, this study investigated sexually disrupting effects in mature male silver carp (carassius auratus) exposed to np and a positive control diethylstilbestrol (des). the combined evidences of steroid hormone (17beta-estradiol, estrone and testosterone) levels and hispathological pictures showed that np (10 microg/l) and des could exert estrogenic effects through indirect mechanisms [i.e. increased estrogens levels (up to two times) and ...200818325589
gata3 mrna in ginbuna crucian carp (carassius auratus langsdorfii): cdna cloning, splice variants and expression analysis.gata3, a transcriptional activator, plays a critical role in the development of t-cells and differentiation to t helper type 2 cells. to date, no information is available on the role of gata3 in the teleost immune system. we identified full-length cdna and alternatively spliced variants of ginbuna crucian carp gata3 (gbgata3). the gbgata3 gene is transcribed into multiple splice variants lacking either one or both zinc finger domains, although the sequences of both domains are fully conserved be ...200818313140
characterization and functional analysis of goldfish (carassius auratus l.) tumor necrosis factor-alpha.we identified and characterized two isoforms of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnfalpha) from the goldfish, tnfalpha-1 and tnfalpha-2. at the protein level, goldfish tnfalpha-1 and tnfalpha-2 were most homologous to carp tnfalpha-1 and tnfalpha-2, respectively. phylogenetically, the two goldfish isoforms grouped most closely with the carp tnfalpha isoforms and tnf species of other cyprinids. real-time pcr analysis revealed constitutive expression of goldfish tnfalpha-1 and tnfalpha-2 in all tissue ...200817988738
in vivo characterization of primitive hematopoietic cells in clonal ginbuna crucian carp (carassius auratus langsdorfii).primitive hematopoietic cells in mammalian bone marrow are purified by flow cytometry using hoechst 33342 (hoechst) and rhodamine-123 (rho), because these dyes efflux activities of hematopoietic cells widely conserved in mammals. hematopoietic stem cells (hscs) are identified as side population (sp) cells, characterized by specific hoechst efflux pattern in flow cytometric analysis. we previously demonstrated that sp cells from teleost body kidney (bk) had the hsc activity by a transplantation e ...200818674821
the goldfish (carassius auratus) as a model for neuroendocrine signaling.goldfish (carassius auratus) are excellent model organisms for the neuroendocrine signaling and the regulation of reproduction in vertebrates. goldfish also serve as useful model organisms in numerous other fields. in contrast to mammals, teleost fish do not have a median eminence; the anterior pituitary is innervated by numerous neuronal cell types and thus, pituitary hormone release is directly regulated. here we briefly describe the neuroendocrine control of luteinizing hormone. stimulation b ...200818657592
seasonal morphological and biochemical changes of dahlgren cells implies a potential role of the caudal neurosecretory system (cnss) in the reproduction cycle of teleostean fish.the purpose of this mini-review is to summarize recent research on the seasonal morphological and biochemical changes of dahlgren cells in the caudal neurosecretory system (cnss) of the freshwater teleosts carp carassius auratus. the quantitative proof for these seasonal changes in the morphology and biochemistry of dahlgren cells reflects the relationship between the cnss and the reproduction cycle of fish and implies that the cnss is probably involved in the reproduction process of fish.200818649021
globins and hypoxia adaptation in the goldfish, carassius auratus.goldfish (carassius auratus) may survive in aquatic environments with low oxygen partial pressures. we investigated the contribution of respiratory proteins to hypoxia tolerance in c. auratus. we determined the complete coding sequence of hemoglobin alpha and beta and myoglobin, as well as partial cdnas from neuroglobin and cytoglobin. like the common carp (cyprinus carpio), c. auratus possesses two paralogous myoglobin genes that duplicated within the cyprinid lineage. myoglobin is also express ...200818537818
[collation of data on the ploidy levels and mitochondrial dna phylogenetic lineages in the silver crucian carp carassius auratus gibelio from far eastern and central asian populations].the distribution of the diploid and triploid forms and the correspondence between ploidy and mitochondrial dna (mtdna) phylogenetic lineages of the silver crucian carp have been studied in far eastern water bodies and the syr darya river. both diploid and triploid forms have been found in large river systems (the amur, suifun, tumangan, and syr darya river basins). only the diploid form has been detected in lakes of bol'shoi pelis island (peter the great bay of the sea of japan), sakhalin island ...200818767549
oxidative stress and growth inhibition in the freshwater fish carassius auratus induced by chronic exposure to sublethal fullerene aggregates.the rapid growth of nanotechnology is stimulating research concerning the potential environmental impacts of manufactured nanomaterials. the present study summarizes, to our knowledge, the first examination regarding the potential effects of chronic exposure (32 d) of aquatic organisms (juvenile carp [carassius auratus]) to sublethal concentrations (0.04-1.0 mg/l) of fullerene aggregates (nc60/aq; i.e., c60 suspended in water after long-term stirring) with average diameters of approximately 349 ...200819086321
selection of promoters for gene transfer into fish.a variety of gene constructs containing carp beta-actin regulatory sequences were tested for their ability to drive transient expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene in 3 fish cell lines: carp epithelial cells (epc), rainbow trout hepatoma cells (rth149), and rainbow trout fibroblasts (rtg2). the constructs showed a wide variation in their levels of expression, and there were significant differences in the effects of transcriptional elements in the 3 cell lines. sequenc ...20081308823
[the "staircase" phenomenon in the myocardial activity of fishes and amphibians].studies have been made on chrono- and inotropic effects in the heart of the frog rana temporaria and fishes silurus glanis and cyprinus carpio during stationary and transitional stimulation. in contrast to data in the literature, no interspecific differences were found in changes of the amplitude of cardiac contractions induced by changes in rhythmic stimulation.200895845
[the appearance of epizootics in industrial hatcheries of trout and carp fed with dry provisions]. 20085761127
evoked responses to electrical stimulation of the facial nerve in the medulla and mesencephalon of cyprinus carpio. 20084763453
[influence of motor agitation on the content of corticosteroids of plasma in a teleost: the carp (cyprinus carpio l.)]. 200814415548
nucleic acids in offspring of hyperimmunized carp. 200814209878
a fine structural review on the spermatozoa of cyprinidae with attention to their phylogenetic implications.the fine structural organization and dimensions of spermatozoa from species of 4 subfamilies of the cyprinidae (barbus barbus, carassius carassius, cyprinus carpio carpio, cyprinus carpio haematopterus, abramis brama, alburnoides bipunctatus, alburnus alburnus, chalcalburnus chalcoides mento, chondrostoma nasus, hypophthalmichthys molitrix, leuciscus cephalus, phoxinus phoxinus, rutilus rutilus, rutilus meidingerii, scardinius erythrophthalmus, vimba vimba and ctenopharyngodon idella) are compar ...200919688692
new vectors derives from puc 18 for clonig and thermal-induced expression in escherichia coli.we report the construction of two vectors for escherichia coli: puc72, for molecular cloning, and pplt7, for thermal-induced expression. the main feature of puc72 is a novel polylinker region that includes restriction sites for nde i and nco i which provide an atg codon for proper translation initiation of expressed genes. vector pplt7 is ideal for thermo-inducible expression in host cells that carry the ci857 repressor gene. the use of pplt7 was validated by the successful expression of the gen ...200924031424
effects of morphine and methionine-enkephalin on the smooth muscle tonus and the contraction induced by transmural stimulation in the carp (cyprinus carpio) intestinal bulb.the effects of morphine and methionine-enkephalin (met-enkephalin) on the smooth muscle tonus and the contraction induced by transmural stimulation were investigated in the isolated intestinal bulb of carp in vitro. morphine (30 nm-3 microm) and met-enkephalin (3 nm-5 microm) caused dose-dependent non-sustained contraction. naloxone (10 nm) inhibited the contraction induced by morphine or met-enkephalin in a competitive manner. tetrodotoxin (400 nm) or atropine (500 nm) did not inhibit the contr ...20092874947
[a dynamic model of the interaction of cones with bright horizontal cells in the carp retina].the dynamic model showing interaction between cones and l-type horizontal cells in the carp retina is discussed. the model is based on the intracellular recording of spectral responses of horizontal cells. the model equations describe the contribution of ionic channels to responses of cones and horizontal cells. the model permits predicting responses of photopic l-cells as a function of time.20092812137
cloning and characterization of a highly repetitive fish nucleotide sequence.we have cloned and sequenced a highly repetitive hindiii fragment of dna from the common carp cyprinus carpio. it represents a tandemly repeated sequence with a monomeric unit of 245 bp and comprises 8% of the fish genome. higher units of this monomer appear as a ladder in southern blots. the monomeric unit has been sequenced; it is a + t-rich with some direct and some inverse-repeat nucleotide clusters.20092835294
mechanism of the water response in frog gustation: possible significance of surface potential.the frog taste response to deionized water (water response) after adaptation of the tongue to salts was recorded from the glossopharyngeal nerve under various conditions. it was found that the frog water response exhibits different behavior from the carp water response examined in a previous paper13. (a) the frog water response did not decline during stimulation and lasted for at least 3 min, while the carp water response declined within 10 s after stimulation to a spontaneous level. (b) the fro ...20092786441
parasitic crustaceans as vectors of viruses, with an emphasis on three penaeid viruses.parasitic crustaceans serve as both hosts and vectors of viruses as well as of parasites and other microbial pathogenic agents. few of the presumably numerous associations are known, but many can be anticipated. recently, branchiurans and gnathiid isopods have been documented to host helminths and blood parasites. because the agents can be observed readily with a microscope, these are better recognized than are the smaller viral, bacterial, and fungal agents. some agents are harmful to the host ...200921669853
fish muscle energy metabolism measured by in vivo 31p-nmr during anoxia and recovery.by means of in vivo 31p nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) we measured energy stores and intracellular ph at 10-min intervals in the myotome of unanesthetized carp and goldfish before, during, and after a period of anoxia (1 h for carp and 4 h for goldfish). the fish were mounted in a modified bioprobe, and their gills were irrigated with a constant flow of aerated or anoxic water. anoxia caused a steep decline of phosphocreatine and intracellular ph in carp muscle. after the phosphocreatine store ...20092705580
effect of a teleost gnrh analog on steroidogenesis by the follicle-enclosed goldfish oocytes, in vitro.the influence of an agonist analog of teleost gnrh [(d-arg6, trp7, leu8, pro9-net)-gnrh; tgnrh-a] on steroidogenesis was studied in prophase-i arrested, follicle-enclosed, goldfish oocytes in vitro. incubation of the follicles with carp gonadotropin (gth) significantly increased production of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (hp) and testosterone following 24 hr of incubation in vitro. concomitant incubation with tgnrh-a (10(-7) m) significantly attenuated the dose-related increase in gth-induced te ...20092689273
beta-cytoplasmic actin localization in vertebrate glomerular podocytes.the unique cytoarchitecture of glomerular podocytes is conserved in vertebrate evolution. actin filaments play a crucial role in the formation of the conserved cytoarchitecture, though several isoforms of cytoplasmic actin have been found in vertebrates. the present study examined the expression and subcellular distribution of the beta-cytoplasmic actin (beta-actin) isoform in the podocytes of six vertebrate species by means of immunohistochemical techniques to reveal whether the beta-actin isof ...200920513979
first detection of a viral agent causing disease in farmed sturgeon in russia.a virus was isolated from siberian sturgeon acipenser baeri and bester (beluga huso huso x sterlet a. ruthenus hybrid) fingerlings in sso-2, ssf-2 and wssk-1 cell lines during an acute epizootic on a large fish farm producing fertilised sturgeon eggs and fry. transmission electron microscopic examination of samples from both inoculated cell cultures and skin of affected fish revealed viral particles with a herpesvirus-like morphology. the etiological role of the siberian sturgeon herpesvirus (sb ...200920066954
distribution and abundance of fish populations in harike wetland--a ramsar site in india.harike wetland was declared a ramsar site in 1990. it is located at the confluence of two major rivers of indus rivers system, the beas and the sutlej, but was never explored extensively for its existing fish biodiversity. earlier only 27 fish species of commercial value were reported from the wetland. acknowledging its importance for rich diversity fish assemblages in seven different reaches of harike wetland were studied to determine their abundance and distribution. 61 fish species of 35 gene ...200920121026
molecular identification of larval trematode in intermediate hosts from chiang mai, thailand.snail and fish intermediate hosts were collected from rice fields in 3 districts; mueang, mae taeng and mae rim of chiang mai province during april-july 2008. for identification of larval trematode infection, standard (cracked for snail and enzymatically digested for fish) and molecular methods were performed. the results showed that three types of cercariae were found, pleurolophocercus, cotylocercous, and echinostome among 4 species of snail with a prevalence of 29, 23 and 3% respectively. mel ...200920578455
effect of sub-acute exposure to tio2 nanoparticles on oxidative stress and histopathological changes in juvenile carp (cyprinus carpio).increasing application of nanotechnology highlights the need to clarify and understand nanotoxicity. mammalian and in vitro studies have raised concerns about the toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (tio2-nps), but there are limited data on ecotoxicity to aquatic organisms. in this work, the sub-acute toxicity of tio2-nps to carp (cyprinus carpio) was assessed. superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat) and peroxidase (pod) activities and lipid peroxidation (lpo) levels in liver, gill and ...200920000003
polyaluminium chloride (pax-18) - acute toxicity and toxicity for early development stages of common carp (cyprinus carpio).the aim of this study is to assess the toxicity of pax-18 in different developmental stages of common carp (cyprinus carpio). the preparation pax-18, with its active ingredient polyaluminium chloride (9% of al), is a coagulation agent that is used mainly to precipitate phosphates, to prevent surface water eutrophication and incidences of cyanobacteria. it is applied to the water environment and thus could present a potential risk to fish.200920027170
effects of subchronic simazine exposure on some biometric, biochemical, hematological and histopathological parameters of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).this study assessed the subchronic effects of a triazine compound, simazine, on common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) though, via by means of biometric, biochemical, hematological, and histological examination.200920027177
comparative immunological analysis of innate immunity activation after oral administration of wheat fermented extract to teleost fish.intradermal or oral administration of lipopolysaccharide derived from pantoea agglomerans (ip-pa1) has shown prophylactic and antitumor effects without serious side-effects. while it is known that tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha produced by activated macrophages plays an important role in the expression mechanism following intradermal administration, details of the mechanism after oral administration remain unclear. in this study, the activation of innate immunity using fish as an animal model ...200920032450
a new procedure for determining the genetic basis of a physiological process in a non-model species, illustrated by cold induced angiogenesis in the carp.physiological processes occur in many species for which there is yet no sequenced genome and for which we would like to identify the genetic basis. for example, some species increase their vascular network to minimise the effects of reduced oxygen diffusion and increased blood viscosity associated with low temperatures. since many angiogenic and endothelial genes have been discovered in man, functional homolog relationships between carp, zebrafish and human were used to predict the genetic basis ...200919852815
[experimental establishment of life cycle of clonorchis sinensis].to establish and maintain the life cycle of clonorchis sinensis in laboratory.200919856506
hepatic histopathological characteristics and antioxidant response of phytoplanktivorous silver carp intraperitoneally injected with extracted microcystins.to investigate the hispathological characteristics and antioxidant responses in liver of silver carp after intraperitoneal administration of microcystins (mcs) for further understanding hepatic intoxication and antioxidation mechanism in fish.200919950524
effect of dietary spirulina on reduction of copper toxicity and improvement of growth, blood parameters and phosphatases activities in carp, cirrhinus mrigala (hamilton, 1822).the effect of spirulina supplementation on reduction of copper toxicity based on food utilization, phosphatases activities and selected haematological parameters was studied in a freshwater cultivable fish c. mrigala. metal concentration in medium, body tissues and fecal matter was also analysed. sublethal exposure of c. mrigala fed spirulina-free diet significantly reduced the consumption and growth rates, phosphatases activities and haematological parameters. however, the above parameters enha ...200919957889
thiaminase activity of crucian carp carassius carassius injected with a bacterial fish pathogen, aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida.dietary thiaminase i is a cause of thiamine deficiency in animals. the physiological significance of thiaminase in the organisms containing this enzyme is not known, nor are the factors causing variation in their thiaminase activity. tests were performed to evaluate the effect a pathogen might have on thiaminase activity in fish, when analyzed both with a cosubstrate added (cata tests) and no cosubstrate added (ncata tests). pyridine is known as a cosubstrate specific for thiaminase i activity t ...200920218496
fumonisin b1 neurotoxicity in young carp (cyprinus carpio l.).for years scientists have suspected that the environment plays a role in neurodegenerative diseases such as alzheimer's disease, parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. mycotoxin fumonisin b1 (fb1) is produced by several fusarium species, mainly by fusarium verticilioides, which is one of the most common fungi associated with corn worldwide. fumonisins are known to cause equine leukoencephalomalacia, a disease associated with the consumption of corn-based feeds contaminated with fb1. here w ...200920061242
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