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alterations in the genital microbiota in women with spinal cord injury.to evaluate the vaginal and cervical microbiota in women with spinal cord injury compared with mobile women.201626942354
male non-gonococcal urethritis: from microbiological etiologies to demographic and clinical features.to detect microorganisms responsible for male acute urethritis and to define the microbiology of non-gonococcal urethritis.201626845624
vijana vijiweni ii: a cluster-randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of a microfinance and peer health leadership intervention for hiv and intimate partner violence prevention among social networks of young men in dar es salaam.intimate partner violence (ipv) and sexually transmitted infections (stis), including hiv, remain important public health problems with devastating health effects for men and women in sub-saharan africa. there have been calls to engage men in prevention efforts, however, we lack effective approaches to reach and engage them. social network approaches have demonstrated effective and sustained outcomes on changing risk behaviors in the u.s. our team has identified and engaged naturally occurring s ...201626842360
trichomonas vaginalis infection: how significant is it in men presenting with recurrent or persistent symptoms of urethritis?persistent or recurrent non-gonococcal urethritis has been reported to affect up to 10-20% of men attending sexual health clinics. an audit was undertaken to review the management of persistent or recurrent non-gonococcal urethritis in men presenting at whittall street clinic, birmingham, uk. detection of trichomonas vaginalis infection was with the newly-introduced nucleic acid amplification test. a total of 43 (8%) of 533 men treated for urethritis re-attended within three months with persiste ...201625663246
comparison of substance use typologies as predictors of sexual risk outcomes in african american adolescent females.african american female adolescents have a disproportionate risk of sexually transmitted infections (stis) and other adverse sexual health outcomes. both alcohol and marijuana use have been shown to predict sexual risk among young african american women. however, no studies have attempted to differentiate alcohol and marijuana typologies use as predictors of sexual risk outcomes exclusively among adolescents who use these substances. this study compared recent alcohol and/or marijuana use as pre ...201625929200
prevalence and correlates of trichomonas vaginalis infection among female sex workers in a city in yunnan province, china.sexual transmission is the fastest growing route of hiv transmission in china, and trichomonas vaginalis(tv) can facilitate hiv transmission and acquisition. our goal was to determine the prevalence and correlates of tv infection among female sex workers (fsws). this cross-sectional study was conducted in a city of yunnan province in southern china, with confidential face-to-face interviews and laboratory tests for tv (wet mount) and other sexually transmitted infections. a total of 734 fsws par ...201625957327
2nd bashh oxford diagnostics course, november 2015.the second british association for sexual health and hiv oxford diagnostics course of 2015 focussed on recent challenges and emerging concepts within diagnostics and service design. in response to increasing sexually transmitted infection rates and subsequent demand on uk sexual health services, multiple approaches to improving patient flow and reducing waiting times were presented. the value of novel remote sexually transmitted infection testing was explored, with a description of the patient j ...201626787639
combination emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate prevents vaginal simian/human immunodeficiency virus infection in macaques harboring chlamydia trachomatis and trichomonas vaginalis.genital inflammation associated with sexually transmitted infections increases susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), but it is unclear whether the increased risk can reduce the efficacy of pre-exposure prophylaxis (prep). we investigated whether coinfection of macaques with chlamydia trachomatis and trichomonas vaginalis decreases the prophylactic efficacy of oral emtricitabine (ftc)/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (tdf). macaques were exposed to simian/human immunodeficiency virus ...201626743846
prevalence of microorganisms co-infections in human papillomaviruses infected women in northern china.due to scarce data on the prevalence of genital microorganism infections among individuals with human papillomavirus (hpv) infections, the present study aimed to evaluate microorganism co-infections and associated risk factors in hpv-infected women in northern china.201626280325
large two-centre study into the prevalence of mycoplasma genitalium and trichomonas vaginalis in the netherlands.mycoplasma genitalium and trichomonas vaginalis are common sexually transmitted infections (stis). in the netherlands, testing for m. genitalium and t. vaginalis is not recommended for first-line sti screening. recent reports about the increasing antimicrobial resistance in m. genitalium raise concern about the adequacy of current empirical treatment regimens. it is necessary to have insight in the prevalence of m. genitalium and t. vaginalis in order to evaluate current first-line sti screening ...201626199286
human papillomavirus positivity in women undergoing intrauterine insemination has a negative effect on pregnancy rates.sexually transmitted infections are a major cause of infertility. human papillomavirus (hpv) infection is one of the most common viral infections of the female genital tract. only a limited number of studies have investigated the influence of hpv on fertility and its impact remains controversial.201626160018
trichomonas vaginalis and mycoplasma genitalium: age-specific prevalence and disease burden in men attending a sexually transmitted infections clinic in amsterdam, the netherlands.men are not routinely tested for trichomonas vaginalis (tv) and mycoplasma genitalium (mg) in the netherlands and, therefore, very few studies have looked into their prevalence and/or role in urogenital complaints in the dutch male population.201626283740
sexually transmitted diseases: epidemiological and clinical aspects in adults.sexually transmitted diseases (stds) are the first 10 causes of unpleased diseases in young adult women in the world. the concept of stds includes a series of syndromes caused by pathogens that can be acquired by sexual intercourse or sexual activity.adolescents and young adults are responsible for only 25% of the sexually active population and they represent almost 50% of all newly acquired stds.in this way, we evaluated the epidemiological and clinical aspects of most relevant pathogens as nei ...201625532465
pareto optimality in organelle energy metabolism analysis.in low and high eukaryotes, energy is collected or transformed in compartments, the organelles. the rich variety of size, characteristics, and density of the organelles makes it difficult to build a general picture. in this paper, we make use of the pareto-front analysis to investigate the optimization of energy metabolism in mitochondria and chloroplasts. using the pareto optimality principle, we compare models of organelle metabolism on the basis of single- and multiobjective optimization, app ...201624334395
the secretory products of trichomonas vaginalis decrease fertilizing capacity of mice sperm in vitro.trichomonas vaginalis infection is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections in humans and is now recognized as an important cause of infertility in men. there is little information about the effect of extracellular polymeric substances (eps) from t. vaginalis on sperm, but previous reports do not provide a conclusive description of the functional integrity of the sperm. to investigate the impact of eps on the fertilizing capacity of sperm, we assessed sperm motility, acrosomal s ...201625578937
trichomonas vaginalis: clinical relevance, pathogenicity and diagnosis.trichomonas vaginalis is the etiological agent of trichomoniasis, the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted disease worldwide. trichomoniasis is a widespread, global health concern and occurring at an increasing rate. infections of the female genital tract can cause a range of symptoms, including vaginitis and cervicitis, while infections in males are generally asymptomatic. the relatively mild symptoms, and lack of evidence for any serious sequelae, have historically led to this disease ...201625383648
management of recalcitrant trichomonas vaginalis in pregnancy: a case report.a case report of a pregnant woman with recalcitrant trichomonas vaginalis is described. this case was managed with suppressive treatment with metronidazole during pregnancy and cleared with paromomycin vaginal treatment after delivery.201625829518
eicosapentaenoic acid modulates trichomonas vaginalis activity.trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted parasite and, while it is often asymptomatic in males, the parasite is associated with disease in both sexes. metronidazole is an effective treatment for trichomoniasis, but resistant strains have evolved and, thus, it has become necessary to investigate other possible therapies. in this study, we examined the effects of native and oxidized forms of the sodium salts of eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic, and arachidonic acids on t. vaginalis activit ...201626333486
a case of metronidazole-resistant trichomonas vaginalis in pregnancy.trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted protozoan infection resulting in vulvo-vaginitis and altered vaginal discharge in symptomatic women. trichomoniasis has been implicated in causing adverse pregnancy outcomes such as low birth weight and pre-term labour. metronidazole is the recommended first-line treatment for trichomonal infection. other nitroimidazoles, such as tinidazole, are used as alternative regimens with similar activity but at a greater expense. treatment failure usually r ...201626384945
trichomonas vaginalis infection among homeless and unstably housed adult women living in a resource-rich urban environment.the social context of poverty is consistently linked to trichomonas vaginalis infection, yet few studies regarding t. vaginalis have been conducted exclusively among low-income individuals. we identified social determinants of health associated with prevalent t. vaginalis infection among homeless and unstably housed adult women.201626347544
bifunctional activity of deoxyhypusine synthase/hydroxylase from trichomonas vaginalis.the trichomonas vaginalis genome analysis suggested the presence of a putative deoxyhypusine synthase (tvdhs) that catalyzes the posttranslational modification of eif-5a. herein, we expressed and purified the recombinant tvdhs (rtvdhs) protein (43 kda) and the recombinant tveif-5a (rtveif-5a) precursor protein (46 kda). a 41 kda band of the native tvdhs was recognized by western blot analysis in t. vaginalis total protein extract by a mouse polyclonal anti-rtvdhs antibody. the enzymatic activity ...201626410361
in vitro trichomonacidal activity and preliminary in silico chemometric studies of 5-nitroindazolin-3-one and 3-alkoxy-5-nitroindazole derivatives.a selection of 1,2-disubstituted 5-nitroindazolin-3-ones (1-19) and 3-alkoxy-5-nitroindazoles substituted at positions 1 (20-24) or 2 (25-39) from our in-house compound library were screened in vitro against the most common curable sexually transmitted pathogen, trichomonas vaginalis. a total of 41% of the studied molecules (16/39) achieved a significant activity of more than 85% growth inhibition at the highest concentration assayed (100 µg ml(-1)). among these compounds, 3-alkoxy-5-nitroindazo ...201626525913
trichomonas vaginalis erythrophagocytosis in the urine sediment. 201626468272
comparative aspects of immunity and vaccination in human and bovine trichomoniasis: a review.trichomonas vaginalis and tritrichomonas foetus are important extracellular protozoans that cause, respectively, human and bovine venereal diseases. trichomonads are extracellular parasites that primarily inhabit the genital tracts of the mammalian hosts where they overcome the mucus barrier and parasitize mucosa by contact-dependent or contact-independent cytotoxicity. transient immunity is usually achieved by the host after clinical infection. at present, vaccination in cattle reduces infectio ...201626424377
comparative inhibition study of compounds identified in the methanolic extract of apamarga kshara against trichomonas vaginalis carbamate kinase (tvck): an enzoinformatics approach.in the present study, we have identified ten compounds, namely dodecanol acid, myristic acid, neophytadiene, palmitic acid, heptadecanoic acid, linoleic acid, elaidic acid, 3-7-dimethyl acid, stearic acid and methyl eicos acid, of the methanolic extract of apamarga kshara by gc-ms analysis. apamarga kshara has been reported to be active against cervical erosion. major causal organism for cervical erosion is trichomonas vaginalis. however, there is a paucity of information about the mechanism of ...201626310620
anti-trichomonas vaginalis properties of the oil of amomum tsao-ko and its major component, geraniol.trichomonosis, caused by the flagellate protozoan trichomonas vaginalis, is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease (std) and 5-nitroimidazole drugs are used for the treatment. however, a growing number of t. vaginalis isolates are resistant to these drugs, which make it becomes an urgent issue.201625963227
genital trichomonas vaginalis is rare among female attendees at a sydney metropolitan sexual health clinic. 201626558330
exploring the mechanism of how tvmyb2 recognizes and binds ap65-1 by molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations.tvmyb2, one of the myb-like transcriptional factors in trichomonas vaginalis, binds to two closely spaced promoter sites, mre-1/mre-2r and mre-2f, on the ap65-1 gene. however, detailed dynamical structural characteristics of the tvmyb2-ap65-1 complex and a detailed study of the protein in the complex have not been done. focused on a specific tvmyb2-mre-2-13 complex (pdb code: ) and a series of mutants k51a, r84a and r87a, we applied molecular dynamics (md) simulation and molecular mechanics gene ...201626548411
trichomonas vaginalis: pathogenicity and potential role in human reproductive failure.trichomonas vaginalis, which colonizes the genitourinary tract of men and women, is a sexually transmitted parasite causing symptomatic or asymptomatic trichomoniasis. the host-parasite relationship is very complex, and clinical symptoms cannot likely be attributed to a single pathogenic effect. among the many factors responsible for interactions between t. vaginalis and host tissues, contact-dependent and contact-independent mechanisms are important in pathogenicity, as is the immune response.201626546373
five putative nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase genes are expressed in trichomonas vaginalis.trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan that parasitizes the human urogenital tract causing trichomoniasis, the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease. the parasite has unique genomic characteristics such as a large genome size and expanded gene families. ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (e-ntpdase) is an enzyme responsible for hydrolyzing nucleoside tri- and diphosphates and has already been biochemically characterized in t. vaginalis. considering the important role of th ...201626590960
trichomonas vaginalis lipophosphoglycan exploits binding to galectin-1 and -3 to modulate epithelial immunity.trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection caused by the vaginotropic extracellular protozoan parasite trichomonas vaginalis. the infection is recurrent, with no lasting immunity, often asymptomatic, and linked to pregnancy complications and risk of viral infection. the molecular mechanisms of immune evasion by the parasite are poorly understood. we demonstrate that galectin-1 and -3 are expressed by the human cervical and vaginal epithelial cells and act as patho ...201626589797
novel structural features of the immunocompetent ceramide phospho-inositol glycan core from trichomonas vaginalis.the ceramide phosphoinositol glycan core (cpi-gc) of the lipophosphoglycan of trichomonas vaginalis is a major virulent factor of this common genitourinary parasite. while its carbohydrate composition has been reported before, its structure has remained largely unknown. we isolated the glycan portions of cpi-gc by nitrous acid deamination and hydrofluoric acid treatment and investigated their structures by methylation analysis and 1- and 2-d nmr. we found that the α-anomer of galactose is a majo ...201626671321
the past, present and future of fluorescent protein tags in anaerobic protozoan parasites.the world health organization currently recognizes diarrhoeal diseases as a significant cause of death in children globally. protozoan parasites such as giardia and entamoeba that thrive in the oxygen-deprived environment of the human gut are common etiological agents of diarrhoea. in the urogenital tract of humans, the anaerobic protozoan parasite trichomonas vaginalis is notorious as the most common non-viral, sexually transmitted pathogen. even with high medical impact, our understanding of a ...201626653973
a preliminary evaluation of a new genexpert (gx) molecular point-of-care test for the detection of trichomonas vaginalis.global concerns regarding the prevalence, asymptomatic nature and burden of disease associated with trichomonas vaginalis (tv) continue. the lack of a portable molecular point-of-care assay to detect this infectious disease has meant that many remote or low-resource settings still need to rely on delayed results from central laboratories and/or syndromic management as treatment strategies. we evaluated the new genexpert (gx) tv nucleic acid amplification test (naat) compared with an in-house lab ...201626702132
design, synthesis and biological evaluation of chalconyl blended triazole allied organosilatranes as giardicidal and trichomonacidal agents.a series of chalconyl blended triazole allied silatranes (7a-g/8a-g/9a-g) were synthesized in good yields using a simple, economical and biocompatible synthetic route. the blend of three different pharmacologically active moieties into a single scaffold resulted into synergistic effect in their bio-activity. various substitutions were tried to study the structure activity relationship (sar) of the synthesized compounds on the basis of biological results. all the newly synthesized compounds were ...201626695730
a pilot study on trichomonas vaginalis in women with recurrent urinary tract infections.trichomoniasis and recurrent urinary tract infections (utis) shared similar risk factors, age distribution and overlapping symptoms. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis (tv) in women with recurrent utis, attending a urology clinic in a medical center, in order to inform screening and treatment policies.201627793272
trichomoniasis immunity and the involvement of the purinergic signaling.innate and adaptive immunity play a significant role in trichomoniasis, the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease worldwide. in the urogenital tract, innate immunity is accomplished by a defense physical barrier constituted by epithelial cells, mucus, and acidic ph. during infection, immune cells, antimicrobial peptides, cytokines, chemokines, and adaptive immunity evolve in the reproductive tract, and a proinflammatory response is generated to eliminate the invading extracellular p ...201627793265
signalling pathways associated with il-6 production and epithelial-mesenchymal transition induction in prostate epithelial cells stimulated with trichomonas vaginalis.trichomonas vaginalis (tv) has been found in patient tissue of benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph), and suggested to cause chronic prostatitis. il-6 is known as one of the important factors of chronic inflammation in prostate cancer. patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (cp/cpps) had higher levels of il-6 in seminal plasma. furthermore, inflammatory conditions induced by pathogen infections have been shown to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (emt). here, we inve ...201627543848
trichomonas vaginalis infection in nigerian pregnant women and risk factors associated with sexually transmitted infections.trichomoniasis poses a public health threat to pregnant women and neonatal health. this study evaluated trichomonas vaginalis and other common sexually transmitted infections (stis) status in pregnant women, and risk factors associated with them. the study was cross-sectional and descriptive and a total of 198 pregnant women were recruited for t. vaginalis screening by microscopic examination. questionnaires were also administered to 108 pregnant women to access information related to socio-demo ...201626438604
multilocus sequence typing of trichomonas vaginalis clinical samples from amsterdam, the netherlands.in this cross-sectional epidemiological study we aimed to identify molecular profiles for trichomonas vaginalis and to determine how these molecular profiles were related to patient demographic and clinical characteristics.201627737887
challenges and persistent questions in treatment of trichomoniasis.trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease (std) caused by infection with the protozoan parasite trichomonas vaginalis. it is considered the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted disease worldwide. recently, the infection has been associated with adverse outcomes of pregnancy and increased risks of hiv acquisition and transmission, besides the association with cervical and prostate cancers. the consequences of trichomoniasis are likely much greater than previously recognized, both ...201627697044
trichomonas vaginalis infection is uncommon in the british general population: implications for clinical testing and public health screening.variable use of new molecular assays, asymptomatic infections and a lack of population data mean that the population burden of trichomonas vaginalis is uncertain. we investigated the age-specific prevalence of t. vaginalis within the sexually active british general population to inform testing strategies.201627686884
anti-trichomonas vaginalis activity of betulinic acid derivatives.caused by trichomonas vaginalis, trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral std worldwide. currently, metronidazole and tinidazole are the only drugs approved for treatment of the condition. however, problems such as metronidazole-resistant t. vaginalis isolates and allergic reactions have been reported. based on data previously published by our group, structural changes in betulinic acid (1) were performed, generating three new compounds that were tested for in vitro anti-t.vaginalis activity ...201627685791
trichomonas vaginalis prevalence and risk factors for women in southern brazil.trichomonas vaginalis infections have been associated with other diseases so that epidemiological studies of the parasite are important and help to prevent the spread of the disease. this study aimed to determine the prevalence of t. vaginalis in female patients of 19 counties in southwestern rio grande do sul, brazil. for diagnosis, was used direct examination, followed by applying a socio-epidemiological questionnaire. we analyzed 300 women and 9% were infected by trichomonas vaginalis. the hi ...201627680166
technical note: preservation of trichomonas vaginalis viability in urine for laboratorial diagnosis by the wet mount examination.this study compared preservative solutions at different temperatures aiming to improve the wet mount for trichomoniasis diagnosis. the glucose-saline ph6.0 solution preserved the trophozoites up to 6h. the urine samples preservation is crucial for diagnosis and we suggest this solution as part of the clinical laboratorial routine.201627666653
2-methyl-4/5-nitroimidazole derivatives potentiated against sexually transmitted trichomonas: design, synthesis, biology and 3d-qsar study.trichomoniasis is the most prevalent, non-viral sexually transmitted diseases (std) caused by amitochondriate protozoan trichomonas vaginalis. increased resistance of t. vaginalis to the marketed drug metronidazole necessitates the development of newer chemical entities. a library of sixty 2-methyl-4/5-nitroimidazole derivatives was synthesized via nucleophilic ring opening reaction of epoxide and the efficacies against drug-susceptible and -resistant trichomonas vaginalis were evaluated. all th ...201627643640
recombinant trichomonas vaginalis eif-5a protein expressed from a eukaryotic system binds specifically to mammalian and putative trichomonal eif-5a response elements (eres).trichomonas vaginalis eif-5a-like protein (tveif-5a) belongs to the highly conserved eif-5a family of proteins that contains a unique polyamine-derived amino acid, hypusine. recently, we determined that the polyamine putrescine is required for tveif-5a mrna stability, and it is necessary for stability and maturation of the tveif-5a protein. eukaryotic eif-5a is known to be involved in mrna turnover and is capable of sequence-specific rna binding to eif-5a response elements (eres). these ere sequ ...201627620329
sending a message: extracellular vesicles of pathogenic protozoan parasites.parasitic unicellular eukaryotes use extracellular vesicles (evs) as vehicles for intercellular communication and host manipulation. by using various mechanisms to generate evs and by transferring a wide range of molecules through evs, pathogenic protozoans are able to establish infective niches, modulate the immune system of the host and cause disease. in addition to effects on the host, evs are able to transfer virulence factors, drug-resistance genes and differentiation factors between parasi ...201627615028
trichomonas vaginalis: a possible foe to prostate cancer.prostate cancer (pca) is the most common malignancy in men in usa, and the role of trichomonas vaginalis (t. vag) in the development of pca is still controversial. clonogenic assay, pcna staining, tunel staining and caspase-3 activity assay were used to investigate the in vitro role of t. vag in human prostate cancer. we further investigated the possible molecular mechanisms using rt-pcr and immunohistochemical staining. culture supernatant of t. vag inhibits growth of pc-3 prostate cancer cells ...201627613161
effect of nigella sativa alcoholic extract and oil, as well as phaseolus vulgaris (kidney bean) lectin on the ultrastructure of trichomonas vaginalis trophozoites.trichomonas vaginalis is a parasitic protozoan that is the aetiological agent of trichomoniasis, the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease worldwide. currently, the compound of choice for the treatment of t. vaginalis infections is metronidazole, however, it has many side effects and an increase in metronidazole-resistant trichomoniasis has been observed. medicinal plants could be a source of new antiprotozoal drugs with high activity, low toxicity and lower price. the present work ...201627605771
a calcium sensor - protein kinase signaling module diversified in plants and is retained in all lineages of bikonta species.calcium (ca(2+)) signaling is a universal mechanism of signal transduction and involves ca(2+) signal formation and decoding of information by ca(2+) binding proteins. calcineurin b-like proteins (cbls), which upon ca(2+) binding activate cbl-interacting protein kinases (cipks) regulate a multitude of physiological processes in plants. here, we combine phylogenomics and functional analyses to investigate the occurrence and structural conservation of cbl and cipk proteins in 26 species representi ...201627538881
trichomonas vaginalis ntpdase and ecto-5'-nucleotidase hydrolyze guanine nucleotides and increase extracellular guanosine levels under serum restriction.trichomonas vaginalis is the aethiologic agent of trichomoniasis, the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease in the world. the purinergic signaling pathway is mediated by extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides that are involved in many biological effects as neurotransmission, immunomodulation and inflammation. extracellular nucleotides can be hydrolyzed by a family of enzymes known as ectonucleotidases including the ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (e-ntpdases) fam ...201627150347
trichomonas vaginalis repair of iron centres proteins: the different role of two paralogs.trichomonas vaginalis, the causative parasite of one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted diseases is, so far, the only protozoan encoding two putative repair of iron centres (ric) proteins. homologs of these proteins have been shown to protect bacteria from the chemical stress imposed by mammalian immunity. in this work, the biochemical and functional characterisation of the t. vaginalis rics revealed that the two proteins have different properties. expression of ric1 is induced by nitros ...201627124376
structural investigation and inhibitory response of halide on phosphoserine aminotransferase from trichomonas vaginalis.phosphoserine aminotransferase (psat) catalyses the second reversible step of the phosphoserine biosynthetic pathway in trichomonas vaginalis, which is crucial for the synthesis of serine and cysteine.201627102280
a prospective study of trichomonas vaginalis and prostate cancer risk among african american men.african americans (aa) have a higher prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis (tv) infection and a higher prostate (pc) risk. past studies suggest an association between tv seropositivity and pc, and therefore we prospectively investigated this association among aa men.201627091219
role of disulfide linkage in action of bis(dialkylaminethiocarbonyl)disulfides as potent double-edged microbicidal spermicide: design, synthesis and biology.trichomoniasis and candidiasis are amongst the most common morbidity-causing reproductive tract infections, generally treated by metronidazole and fluconazole respectively. poor vaginal efficacy, drug-resistance and non-spermicidal nature limit their use as topical microbicidal contraceptives. bis(dialkylaminethiocarbonyl)disulfides (4-38) were designed as dually active, non-surfactant molecules capable of eliminating trichomonas vaginalis and candida strains as well as irreversibly immobilizing ...201627084496
evaluation of the in vitro activity of ceragenins against trichomonas vaginalis.trichomonosis, caused by the protozoan parasite trichomonas vaginalis, is a curable sexually transmitted disease that is most commonly encountered worldwide. increasing importance of trichomoniasis and emerging of resistance against metronidazole lead to search for alternative drugs with different mode of activity. the purpose of this study was to determine in vitro activity of ceragenins (csa-13, csa-44, csa-13, and csa-138) against the metronidazole-susceptible (atcc 30001) and metronidazole-r ...201627078662
are the fatty acids responsible for the higher effect of oil and alcoholic extract of nigella sativa over its aqueous extract on trichomonas vaginalis trophozoites?trichomoniasis, the disease caused by the flagellate protozoan trichomonas vaginalis is the sexually transmitted infection with the largest annual incidence. metronidazole is the drug of choice recommended for the treatment of human trichomoniasis but it can lead to drug resistance and many other adverse effects. so, it is necessary for new alternatives for the treatment of this infection. medicinal plants or herbs could be good alternative regimens to be inexpensive, effective and safe to use. ...201627065592
caatinga plants: natural and semi-synthetic compounds potentially active against trichomonas vaginalis.trichomonas vaginalis causes trichomoniasis; the most common but overlooked non-viral sexually transmitted disease worldwide. the treatment is based at 5'-nitroimidazoles, however, failure are related to resistance of t. vaginalis to chemotherapy. caatinga is a uniquely brazilian region representing a biome with type desert vegetation and plants present diverse biological activity, however, with few studies. the aim of this study was to investigate the activity against t. vaginalis of different ...201627020521
antichagasic and trichomonacidal activity of 1-substituted 2-benzyl-5-nitroindazolin-3-ones and 3-alkoxy-2-benzyl-5-nitro-2h-indazoles.two series of new 5-nitroindazole derivatives, 1-substituted 2-benzylindazolin-3-ones (6-29, series a) and 3-alkoxy-2-benzyl-2h-indazoles (30-37, series b), containing differently functionalized chains at position 1 and 3, respectively, have been synthesized starting from 2-benzyl-5-nitroindazolin-3-one 5, and evaluated against the protozoan parasites trypanosoma cruzi and trichomonas vaginalis, etiological agents of chagas disease and trichomonosis, respectively. many indazolinones of series a ...201627017556
trichomonas vaginalis induces il-1β production in a human prostate epithelial cell line by activating the nlrp3 inflammasome via reactive oxygen species and potassium ion efflux.trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted protozoan parasite that causes vaginitis in women, and urethritis and prostatitis in men. il-1β is synthesized as immature pro-il-1β, which is cleaved by activated caspase-1. caspase-1 is, in turn, activated by a multi-protein complex known as an inflammasome. in this study, we investigated the inflammatory response of a prostate epithelial cell line (rwpe-1) to t. vaginalis and, specifically, the capacity of t. vaginalis to activate the nlrp3 infl ...201626959386
influence of 120 kda pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase on pathogenicity of trichomonas vaginalis.trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellate protozoan parasite and commonly infected the lower genital tract in women and men. iron is a known nutrient for growth of various pathogens, and also reported to be involved in establishment of trichomoniasis. however, the exact mechanism was not clarified. in this study, the author investigated whether the 120 kda protein of t. vaginalis may be involved in pathogenicity of trichomonads. antibodies against 120 kda protein of t. vaginalis, which was identifie ...201626951982
correlation between trichomonas vaginalis and concurrency: an ecological study.objective. there is a large variation in the prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis (tv) between different countries and between racial groups within countries. sexual partner concurrency may play a role. we investigate the correlation between the prevalence of sexual partner concurrency and tv prevalence. methods. spearman's correlation to assess relationship between tv prevalence in women and point prevalence of concurrency in men in (1) 11 countries with comparable data (concurrency data from wh ...201626949392
recent advances in the trichomonas vaginalis field.the microaerophilic protist parasite trichomonas vaginalis is occurring globally and causes infections in the urogenital tract in humans, a condition termed trichomoniasis. in fact, trichomoniasis is the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted disease with more than 250 million people infected every year. although trichomoniasis is not life threatening in itself, it can be debilitating and increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, hiv infection, and, possibly, neoplasias in the pro ...201626918168
comparison of permanent staining methods for the laboratory diagnosis of trichomoniasis.trichomonas vaginalis is the etiologic agent of trichomoniasis, the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease (std) in the world. the diagnosis is based on wet mount preparation and direct microscopy on fixed and stained clinical specimens. the aim of this study was to compare the performance of different fixing and staining techniques used in the detection of t. vaginalis in urine. the smears were fixed and submitted to different methods of permanent staining and then, the morphologica ...201626910452
hiv risk and behaviour among part-time versus professional fsw: baseline report of an interventional cohort in burkina faso.to readjust hiv control programmes in africa, we assessed the factors associated with high-risk behaviours and hiv infection among young female sex workers (fsw) in burkina faso.201626834073
inflammatory response of a prostate stromal cell line induced by trichomonas vaginalis.while trichomonas vaginalis, a cause of sexually transmitted infection, is known as a surface-dwelling protozoa, trichomonads have been detected in prostatic tissue from benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatitis by immunoperoxidase assay or pcr. however, the immune response of prostate stromal cells infected with t. vaginalis has not been investigated. our objective was to investigate whether t. vaginalis could induce an inflammatory response in prostate stromal cells. incubation of a human p ...201626832322
a new strategy for trichomonas testing female adolescents in the emergency department.sensitive trichomonas diagnostic testing has become available, including nucleic acid amplification tests (naats) and a rapid antigen test. the study purpose was to determine if adding sensitive trichomonas testing to routine female sexually transmitted infection (sti) evaluations would increase trichomonas identification and treatment.201626820440
trichomonas vaginalis infection and risk of advanced prostate cancer.the epidemiologic evidence for an association of trichomonas vaginalis (tv) with overall prostate cancer is mixed, but some studies suggest tv may increase risk of more aggressive disease. the aim of this study was to assess whether tv serostatus is associated with advanced or fatal prostate cancer.201626818005
osmc and incomplete glycine decarboxylase complex mediate reductive detoxification of peroxides in hydrogenosomes of trichomonas vaginalis.osmotically inducible protein (osmc) and organic hydroperoxide resistance protein (ohr) are small, thiol-dependent peroxidases that comprise a family of prokaryotic protective proteins central to the defense against deleterious effects of organic hydroperoxides, which are reactive molecules that are formed during interactions between the host immune system and pathogens. trichomonas vaginalis, a sexually transmitted parasite of humans, possesses osmc homologues in its hydrogenosomes, anaerobic m ...201626794804
trichomonas vaginalis: an updated overview towards diagnostic improvement.the protozoan trichomonas vaginalis (tv) is responsible for trichomonosis, a sexually transmitted disease (std) with a significant incidence worldwide. this infection is one of the most common non-viral stds, representing almost 50% of all curable stds. trichomonosis has an incidence of 180 million new cases worldwide. nowadays, the 'gold standard' for tv diagnosis remains the use of in vitro cultures combined with daily visual microscopic evaluations, which is a time-consuming and low sensitive ...201626751868
amaurocine: anti-trichomonas vaginalis protein produced by the basidiomycete amauroderma camerarium.trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of trichomoniasis, the most common nonviral std worldwide. this infection can lead to severe health conditions, especially when women are affected. metronidazole and tinidazole are the only choices of treatment. in this sense, natural bioactive compounds against t. vaginalis are an interesting approach in the search for more efficient therapies. herein, amaurocine, a 12 kda protein, produced by the mushroom amauroderma camerarium was purified and test ...201626706604
the cytoskeleton of parabasalian parasites comprises proteins that share properties common to intermediate filament proteins.certain protist lineages bear cytoskeletal structures that are germane to them and define their individual group. trichomonadida are excavate parasites united by a unique cytoskeletal framework, which includes tubulin-based structures such as the pelta and axostyle, but also other filaments such as the striated costa whose protein composition remains unknown. we determined the proteome of the detergent-resistant cytoskeleton of tetratrichomonas gallinarum. 203 proteins with homology to trichomon ...201627744090
[in vitro susceptibility of trichomonas vaginalis to metronidazole, ornidazole and proton pump inhibitors pantoprazole and esomeprazole].the current treatment of trichomoniasis is based on the use of 5-nitroimidazole derivatives. although metronidazole is reliable, inexpensive and highly effective against anaerobic microorganisms and protozoa, the development of metronidazole-resistant t.vaginalis strains pose to an increasing problem. nitroimidazoles are compounds having azomycin (2-nitroimidazole) chemical structure and are obtained from streptomyces strains. benzimidazole, which is found in the structure of proton pump inhibit ...201627058337
can trichomoniasis cause pharyngitis? a case report.we report on a heterosexual male with sore throat diagnosed as oral trichomoniasis vaginalis.201628228954
[investigation of the prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis among female syrian refugees with the complaints of vaginitis aged between 15-49 years].since the syrian civil war began in 2011, most of the syrian refugees have immigrated to turkey due to its open gate policy and the width of the border. by the end of 2015, it was estimated that there were 2.5 million syrian refugees in turkey. many of the syrian refugees live in sanliurfa due to its location on the border with syria. trichomonas vaginalis, apart from viral agents is the most common parasite among sexually transmitted infection agents. the aim of this study was to determine the ...201628124964
ginger (zingiber officinale) induces apoptosis in trichomonas vaginalis in vitro.trichomoniasis is the most common sexually transmitted protozoan diseases in the worldwide. metronidazole is the choice drug for trichomoniasis treatment, however, metronidazole resistant trichomonas vaginalis (t.vaginalis) has been reported. natural products are the source of most new drugs, and zingiber officinale (ginger) is widely used ingredient in the traditional medicine.201627981254
prevalence and associated factors of genital and sexually transmitted infections in married women of iran.this study aimed to determine the prevalence of genital and sexually transmitted infections and its related factors in married women in iran.201627974960
trichomoniasis - are we giving the deserved attention to the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease worldwide?trichomonas vaginalis is the etiologic agent of trichomoniasis, the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease (std) in the world. transmission: trichomoniasis is transmitted by sexual intercourse and transmission via fomites is rare. epidemiology, incidence and prevalence: the who estimates an incidence of 276 million new cases each year and prevalence of 187 million of infected individuals. however, the infection is not notifiable. pathology/symptomatology: the t. vaginalis infection r ...201628357378
urinary infection due to balantioides coli: a rare accidental zoonotic disease in an addicted and diabetic young female in iran.balantiosis, a rare zoonotic infection resulting in dysentery, is caused by the large ciliated protozoan parasite balantioides coli. humans acquire this organism via the faecal-oral route. very rarely, extraintestinal infections can occur in the urinary tract system. there are very few case reports of urinary balantiosis in humans.201628348744
epidemiology of trichomoniasis in south korea and increasing trend in incidence, health insurance review and assessment 2009-2014.trichomoniasis, which is caused by trichomonas vaginalis, is one of the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infections; however, limited population-based data are available that describe patterns and trends of the disease. we summarized insurance claims of trichomoniasis cases reported during 2009-2014 to south korea health insurance review and assessment service. the average annual incidence in south korea was 276.8 persons per 100,000 population, and a substantial sex-associated variati ...201627936227
antiprotozoal effects of the tomato tetrasaccharide glycoalkaloid tomatine and the aglycone tomatidine on mucosal trichomonads.the present study investigated the inhibitory effects of the commercial tetrasaccharide tomato glycoalkaloid tomatine and the aglycone tomatidine on three mucosal pathogenic protozoa that are reported to infect humans, cattle, and cats, respectively: trichomonas vaginalis strain g3, tritrichomonas foetus strain d1, and tritrichomonas foetus strain c1. a preliminary screen showed that tomatine at 100 μm concentration completely inhibited the growth of all three trichomonads. in contrast, the inhi ...201627934291
trichomoniasis in older individuals: a preliminary report from iran.infection with trichomonas vaginalis is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases (stds) in humans. the prevalence of infection in iran has been reported 0.009-8 % depending on deferent socio-cultural conditions. this study aimed to determine the frequency of t. vaginalis according to age in patients referred to clinics, hospitals and medical diagnostic laboratories in karaj city, iran. for this purpose, fifty positive samples were collected from july 2012 to june 2014 from clinics, m ...201627876991
auranofin inactivates trichomonas vaginalis thioredoxin reductase and is effective against trichomonads in vitro and in vivo.trichomoniasis, caused by the protozoan parasite trichomonas vaginalis, is the most common, non-viral, sexually transmitted infection in the world, but only two closely related nitro drugs are approved for its treatment. new antimicrobials against trichomoniasis remain an urgent need. several organic gold compounds were tested for activity against t. vaginalis thioredoxin reductase (trxr) in cell-free systems as well as for activity against different trichomonads in vitro and in a murine infecti ...201627839893
comparative protein structure modeling using modeller.comparative protein structure modeling predicts the three-dimensional structure of a given protein sequence (target) based primarily on its alignment to one or more proteins of known structure (templates). the prediction process consists of fold assignment, target-template alignment, model building, and model evaluation. this unit describes how to calculate comparative models using the program modeller and how to use the modbase database of such models, and discusses all four steps of comparativ ...201627801516
benefits of cervical cancer screening by liquid-based cytology as part of routine antenatal assessment.to determine the prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology, as diagnosed using a liquid-based cytology technique, in pregnant women attending the antenatal care (anc) clinic at siriraj hospital.201627797261
purification and identification of amylases released by the human pathogen trichomonas vaginalis that are active towards glycogen.the parasitic protist trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of the sexually transmitted infection trichomoniasis. in the laboratory, t. vaginalis is typically cultured in a serum-containing medium with maltose or glucose as the carbon source. the nature of the carbohydrates used by the organism in the environment of its host is unclear. however, the vagina contains substantial amounts of glycogen, which is believed to provide a growth substrate for the vaginal microbiota. we have shown pr ...201627506885
self-testing for trichomonas vaginalis at home using a point-of-care test by women who request kits via the internet.we offered a point-of-care test for trichomonas vaginalis to women via the internet to determine if it was acceptable to women to perform the test at home. most of the 102 participants felt that it was easy to collect the specimen, follow the instructions, and read and interpret the results for the trichomonas self-testing assay.201627491592
the glycolytic enzyme triosephosphate isomerase of trichomonas vaginalis is a surface-associated protein induced by glucose that functions as a laminin- and fibronectin-binding protein.triosephosphate isomerase of trichomonas vaginalis (tvtim) is a 27-kda cytoplasmic protein encoded by two genes, tvtim1 and tvtim2, that participates in glucose metabolism. tvtim is also localized to the parasite surface. thus, the goal of this study was to identify the novel functions of the surface-associated tvtim in t. vaginalis and to assess the effect of glucose as an environmental factor that regulates its expression and localization. reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) showed that the tvt ...201627481251
molecular sensitivity threshold of wet mount and an immunochromatographic assay evaluated by quantitative real-time pcr for diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis infection in a low-risk population of childbearing women.vaginal trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by trichomonas vaginalis, a flagellated protozoan. diagnosis of t. vaginalis infection is mainly performed by wet mount microscopy, with a sensitivity ranging from 38% to 82%, compared to culture, still considered the gold standard. commercial immunochromatographic tests for monoclonal-antibody-based detection have been introduced as alternative methods for diagnosis of t. vaginalis infection and have been reported in some studies ...201627367320
morphological changes of trichomonas vaginalis treated by ornidazole: an in-vitro study.nitroimidazoles, which are drugs that are used to effectively treat trichomonas vaginalis, alter the structure of the t. vaginalis cell membrane, penetrate into its cytoplasm and nucleus and block cellular metabolism. in this study, we observed the morphological changes that occurred in t. vaginalis during in vitro exposure to 1.3 μg/ml of ornidazole at various time intervals ranging from 10 minutes to 10 hours.201627349003
aggregation kinetic dataset to determine the stability of the purified and refolded recombinant pptvcp4 protein of trichomonas vaginalis.the recombinant pptvcp4 (pptvcp4r) protein, a specific inhibitor of the proteolytic activity and virulence properties of trichomonas vaginalis, depending on cathepsin l-like cysteine proteinases (cps) (http:dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.12.001[1], http:dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.micinf.2013.09.002[2], http:dx.doi.org/ 10.1155/2015/946787[3]) was stable in the elution buffer up to two months at 4 °c. however, it was prone to aggregate in pbs (functional assay buffer) [1]. therefore, before functio ...201627331109
proliferation of prostate stromal cell induced by benign prostatic hyperplasia epithelial cell stimulated with trichomonas vaginalis via crosstalk with mast cell.chronic inflammation has a role in the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph) and prostate cancer. mast cells have been detected in chronic inflammatory infiltrate of the prostate, and it is possible that the interaction between prostate epithelial cells and trichomonas vaginalis influences the activity of mast cells in the prostate stroma. activated mast cells might influence the biological functions of nearby tissues and cells. in this study, we investigated whether mast cells reac ...201627325623
comparative protein structure modeling using modeller.comparative protein structure modeling predicts the three-dimensional structure of a given protein sequence (target) based primarily on its alignment to one or more proteins of known structure (templates). the prediction process consists of fold assignment, target-template alignment, model building, and model evaluation. this unit describes how to calculate comparative models using the program modeller and how to use the modbase database of such models, and discusses all four steps of comparativ ...201627322406
a molecular-beacon-based asymmetric pcr assay for easy visualization of amplicons in the diagnosis of trichomoniasis.the currently available nucleic acid amplification tests (naats) for trichomoniasis are accurate, quick and confirmative with superior sensitivity than traditional culture-based microbiology assays. however, these assays are associated with problems of carry over contamination, false positive results, requirement of technical expertise for performance and detection of end product. hence, a diagnostic assay with easy visualization of the amplified product will be profitable. an in-house, rapid, s ...201627318568
molecular characterization of double-stranded rna virus in trichomonas vaginalis egyptian isolates and its association with pathogenicity.trichomoniasis is a common human sexually transmitted infection caused by trichomonas vaginalis. the parasite can be infected with double-stranded rna viruses (tvv). this viral infection may have important implications on trichomonal virulence and disease pathogenesis. this study aimed to determine the prevalence of t. vaginalis virus among isolates obtained from infected (symptomatic and asymptomatic) women in ismailia city, egypt, and to correlate the virus-infected isolates with the clinical ...201627316695
maldi-tof mass spectrometry as a potential tool for trichomonas vaginalis identification.trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan causing trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted human infection, with around 276.4 million new cases estimated by world health organization. culture is the gold standard method for the diagnosis of t. vaginalis infection. recently, immunochromatographic assays as well as pcr assays for the detection of t. vaginalis antigen or dna, respectively, have been also available. although the well-known genome sequence of t. vaginalis has made possible the a ...201627282151
novel hydrogenosomes in the microaerophilic jakobid stygiella incarcerata.mitochondrion-related organelles (mros) have arisen independently in a wide range of anaerobic protist lineages. only a few of these organelles and their functions have been investigated in detail, and most of what is known about mros comes from studies of parasitic organisms such as the parabasalid trichomonas vaginalis here, we describe the mro of a free-living anaerobic jakobid excavate, stygiella incarcerata we report an rnaseq-based reconstruction of s. incarcerata's mro proteome, with an a ...201627280585
in response to 'successful treatment of refractory trichomonas vaginalis infection using intravenous metronidazole' by hawkins et al. 201627278450
evaluation of presto(plus) assay and lightmix kit trichomonas vaginalis assay for detection of trichomonas vaginalis in dry vaginal swabs.this is an evaluation study of the presto(plus) assay for t. vaginalis by comparing to the tib molbiol lightmix kit trichomonas vaginalis assay using 615 dry collected vaginal and rectal swabs. discordant samples were analyzed by the qiagen® microbial dna qpcr for tv assay. both assays showed comparable performances (mcnemar p>0.05).201627268968
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