Publications

genetic analysis of resistance to septoria tritici blotch in the french winter wheat cultivars balance and apache.	the ascomycete mycosphaerella graminicola is the causal agent of septoria tritici blotch (stb), one of the most destructive foliar diseases of bread and durum wheat globally, particularly in temperate humid areas. a screening of the french bread wheat cultivars apache and balance with 30 m. graminicola isolates revealed a pattern of resistant responses that suggested the presence of new genes for stb resistance. quantitative trait loci (qtl) analysis of a doubled haploid (dh) population with fiv ...	2011	21655994
molecular and physiological strategies to increase aluminum resistance in plants.	aluminum (al) toxicity is a primary limitation to plant growth on acid soils. root meristems are the first site for toxic al accumulation, and therefore inhibition of root elongation is the most evident physiological manifestation of al toxicity. plants may resist al toxicity by avoidance (al exclusion) and/or tolerance mechanisms (detoxification of al inside the cells). the al exclusion involves the exudation of organic acid anions from the root apices, whereas tolerance mechanisms comprise int ...	2011	21660471
a major invasion of transposable elements accounts for the large size of the blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici genome.	powdery mildew of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is caused by the ascomycete fungus blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici. genomic approaches open new ways to study the biology of this obligate biotrophic pathogen. we started the analysis of the bg tritici genome with the low-pass sequencing of its genome using the 454 technology and the construction of the first genomic bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) library for this fungus. high-coverage contigs were assembled with the 454 reads. they allowed t ...	2011	21809124
bioremediation and detoxification of synthetic wastewater containing triarylmethane dyes by aeromonas hydrophila isolated from industrial effluent.	economical and bio-friendly approaches are needed to remediate dye-contaminated wastewater from various industries. in this study, a novel bacterial strain capable of decolorizing triarylmethane dyes was isolated from a textile wastewater treatment plant in greece. the bacterial isolate was identified as aeromonas hydrophila and was shown to decolorize three triarylmethane dyes tested within 24?h with color removal in the range of 72% to 96%. decolorization efficiency of the bacterium was a func ...	2011	21808740
fusarium graminearum forms mycotoxin producing infection structures on wheat.	abstract: background: the mycotoxin producing fungal pathogen fusarium graminearum is the causal agent of fusarium head blight (fhb) of small grain cereals in fields worldwide. although f. graminearum is highly investigated by means of molecular genetics, detailed studies about hyphal development during initial infection stages are rare. in addition, the role of mycotoxins during initial infection stages of fhb is still unknown. therefore, we investigated the infection strategy of the fungus on ...	2011	21798058
the spectrum of low molecular weight alpha-amylase/protease inhibitor genes expressed in the us bread wheat cultivar butte 86.	abstract: background: wheat grains accumulate a variety of low molecular weight proteins that are inhibitors of alpha-amylases and proteases and play an important protective role in the grain. these proteins have more balanced amino acid compositions than the major wheat gluten proteins and contribute important reserves for both seedling growth and human nutrition. the alpha-amylase/protease inhibitors also are of interest because they cause ige-mediated occupational and food allergies and there ...	2011	21774824
biodegradation of 2-mercaptobenzothiazolyl-(z)-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl) isopropoxyiminoacetate by pseudomonas desmolyticum ncim 2112.	2-mercaptobenzothiazolyl-(z)-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl) isopropoxyiminoacetate is used as supplementary additives in commercial-grade insecticides to compensate for the time factor needed for the actual pesticide chemical to start its action. this investigation describes the biodegradation of 2-mercaptobenzothiazolyl-(z)-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl) isopropoxyiminoacetate by pseudomonas desmolyticum ncim 2112. the biodegradation is influenced by other carbon a ...	2011	21773762
identification of a myb3r gene involved in drought, salt and cold stress in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	abiotic stress seriously affects crop growth and productivity. to better understand the mechanisms plant uses to cope with drought, cold and salt stress, it is necessary to isolate and characterize important regulators response to these stresses. in this study, we cloned a myb gene from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and designated it as tamyb3r1 based on its conserved three repeats in myb domain. the sequence of tamyb3r1 protein shares high identity to other plant myb3r proteins. subcellular loca ...	2011	21763408
identification and mapping of a new powdery mildew resistance gene on chromosome 6d of common wheat.	powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most serious wheat diseases. the rapid evolution of the pathogen's virulence, due to the heavy use of resistance genes, necessitates the expansion of resistance gene diversity. the common wheat line d57 is highly resistant to powdery mildew. a genetic analysis using an f(2) population derived from the cross of d57 with the susceptible cultivar yangmai 158 and the derived f(2:3) lines indicated that d57 carries two dominant ...	2011	21755339
efficacy and tolerability of fitostimoline in two different forms (soaked gauzes and cream) and citrizan gel in the topical treatment of second-degree superficial cutaneous burns.	a total of 227 patients (mean age 41.3 years, 52% females) with at least one second-degree superficial cutaneous burn of thermal origin of a smallest transverse diameter =20?mm and a largest transverse diameter =90?mm were randomised to receive the topical application of aqueous extract of triticum vulgare (fitostimoline) in two different forms (soaked gauzes and cream) or catalase of horse origin in form of gel (citrizan gel), given up to healing or to a maximum of 20 days. the rate of lesion h ...	2011	21747844
precise mapping fhb5, a major qtl conditioning resistance to fusarium infection in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	qfhi.nau-5a is a major quantitative trait locus (qtl) against fusarium graminearum infection in the resistant wheat germplasm wangshuibai. genetic analysis using bc(3)f(2) and bc(4)f(2) populations, derived from selfing two near-isogenic lines (nil) heterozygous at qfhi.nau-5a that were developed, respectively, with mianyang 99-323 and ph691 as the recurrent parent, showed that qfhi.nau-5a inherited like a single dominant gene. this qtl was thus designated as fhb5. to fine map it, these two back ...	2011	21739138
approved quarantine treatment for hessian fly (diptera: cecidomyiidae) in large-size hay bales and hessian fly and cereal leaf beetle (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) control by bale compression.	a quarantine treatment using bale compression (32 kg/cm2 pressure) and phosphine fumigation (61 g/28.3 m3 aluminum phosphide for 7 d at 20 degrees c) was approved to control hessian fly, mayetiola destructor (say), in large-size, polypropylene fabric-wrapped bales exported from the western states to japan. no hessian fly puparia (45,366) survived to the adult stage in infested wheat, triticum aestivum l., seedlings exposed to the treatment in a large-scale commercial test. daily temperatures (me ...	2011	21735895
discovery of english grain aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) biotypes in china.	the english grain aphid, sitobion avenae (f.) (hemiptera: aphididae), is an important pest insect of wheat, triticum aestivum (l.), in china. grain aphid biotypes are necessary to breed aphid-resistant wheat varieties; however, none have currently been identified. here, we describe a method to identify grain aphid biotypes and survey the aphid biotype variation in the wheat growth area of china. clones of s. avenae were collected from 11 locations in china and used to establish culture populatio ...	2011	21735932
association mapping of quantitative resistance to phaeosphaeria nodorum in spring wheat landraces from the usda national small grains collection.	stagonospora nodorum blotch (snb), caused by phaeosphaeria nodorum, is a destructive disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) found throughout the united states. host resistance is the only economically feasible option for managing the disease; however, few snb resistant wheat cultivars are known to exist. in this study, we report findings from an association mapping (am) of resistance to p. nodorum in 567 spring wheat landraces of diverse geographic origin. the accessions were evaluated for seed ...	2011	21692647
selection of phytotoxin producing rhizobacteria.	in order to select phytotoxin producing rhizobacteria to control weed plants, twenty five bacterial strains previously isolated from the rhizospheres of various plants were grown in a liquid medium and, after cell removal by centrifugation, the liquid phases were freeze-dried and the products were extracted with ethyl acetate/methanol. the extracts were concentrated to dryness under vacuum and dissolved in water and sucrose solution to be submitted to in vitro assays of lettuce (lactuca sativa l ...	2011	21739082
genetic differentiation at microsatellite loci among populations of mycosphaerella graminicola from california, indiana, kansas and north dakota.	mycosphaerella graminicola causes septoria tritici blotch (stb) in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and is considered one of the most devastating pathogens of that crop in the united states. although the genetic structures of m. graminicola populations from different countries have been analyzed using various molecular markers, relatively little is known about m. graminicola populations from geographically distinct areas of the united states and, in particular, of those from spring versus winter whe ...	2011	21692645
decolorization of different dyes by a newly isolated white-rot fungi strain ganoderma sp.en3 and cloning and functional analysis of its laccase gene.	a laccase-producing white-rot fungi strain ganoderma sp.en3 was newly isolated from the forest of tzu-chin mountain in china. ganoderma sp.en3 had a strong ability of decolorizing four synthetic dyes, two simulated dye bath effluents and the real textile dye effluent. induction in the activity of laccase during the decolorization process indicated that laccase played an important role in the efficient decolorization of different dyes by this fungus. phytotoxicity study with respect to triticum a ...	2011	21733624
hexavalent chromium reduction and plant growth promotion by staphylococcusarlettae strain cr11.	cr(vi), a mutagenic and carcinogenic pollutant in industrial effluents, was effectively reduced by an indigenous tannery effluent isolate staphylococcus arlettae strain cr11 under aerobic conditions. the isolate could tolerate cr(vi) up to 2000 and 5000mgl(-1) in liquid and solid media respectively. s. arlettae cr11 effectively reduced 98% of 100mgl(-1) cr(vi) in 24h. reduction for initial cr(vi) concentrations of 500 and 1000mgl(-1) was 98% and 75%, respectively in 120h. the isolate was also po ...	2011	22169713
Characterization of a wheat heme oxygenase-1 gene and its responses to different abiotic stresses.	In animals and recently in plants, heme oxygenase-1 (HO1) has been found to confer protection against a variety of oxidant-induced cell and tissue injuries. In this study, a wheat (Triticum aestivum) HO1 gene TaHO1 was cloned and sequenced. It encodes a polypeptide of 31.7 kD with a putative N-terminal plastid transit peptide. The amino acid sequence of TaHO1 was found to be 78% similar to that of maize HO1. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that TaHO1 clusters together with the HO1-like sequences ...	2011	22174625
phenotypic variation in acidovorax radicisn35 influences plant growth promotion.	acidovorax radicis n35, isolated from surface-sterilized wheat roots (triticum aestivum), showed irreversible phenotypic variation in nutrient broth, resulting in a differing colony morphology. in addition to the wild-type form (rough colony type), a phenotypic variant form (smooth colony type) appeared at a frequency of 3.2 × 10(-3) per cell per generation on nb agar plates. in contrast to the n35 wild type, the variant n35v showed almost no cell aggregation and had lost its flagella and swarm ...	2011	22107346
Molecular characterization of novel TaNAC genes in wheat and overexpression of TaNAC2a confers drought tolerance in tobacco.	Plant-specific NAC (NAM/ATAF/CUC) transcription factors (TFs) had been reported to play a role in diverse stress responses and developmental processes. We showed here that six new genes encoding NAC TFs in wheat (Triticum aestivum) were identified (named as TaNAC2a, TaNAC4a, TaNAC6, TaNAC7, TaNAC13 and TaNTL5, respectively), and we classified them into three groups: stress-related NACs, development-related NACs and NTLs (membrane-associated TFs belonging to NAC) by phylogenetic analysis. All TaN ...	2011	22082019
PPIase activities and interaction partners of FK506-binding proteins in the wheat thylakoid.	FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs) and cyclophilins, collectively called immunophilins, conserve peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) active sites, although many lack PPIase activity. The chloroplast thylakoid contains a large proportion of the plant immunophilin family, but their functions within this compartment are unclear. Some lumenal immunophilins are important for assembly of photosynthetic complexes, implicating them in the maintenance and turnover of the photosynthetic apparatus dur ...	2011	21848652
Genetic analysis of adult plant, quantitative resistance to stripe rust in wheat cultivar 'Stephens' in multi-environment trials.	The wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar 'Stephens' has been grown commercially in the USA Pacific Northwest for 30 years. The durable resistance of 'Stephens' to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) was believed to be due to a combination of seedling and adult plant resistance genes. Multilocation field trials, diversity array technology (DArT), and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance. Recombinant inbred lines wer ...	2011	21912857
characterization of nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from field-grown barley, oat, and wheat.	diazotrophic bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of field-grown triticum aestivum, hordeum vulgare, and avena sativa grown in various regions of greece. one isolate, with the highest nitrogen-fixation ability from each of the eleven rhizospheres, was selected for further characterisation. diazotrophic strains were assessed for plant-growth-promoting traits such as indoleacetic acid production and phosphate solubilisation. the phylogenies of 16s rrna gene of the selected isolates were com ...	2011	21887633
wheatgenome.info: an integrated database and portal for wheat genome information.	bread wheat (triticum aestivum) is one of the most important crop plants, globally providing staple food for a large proportion of the human population. however, improvement of this crop has been limited due to its large and complex genome. advances in genomics are supporting wheat crop improvement. we provide a variety of web-based systems hosting wheat genome and genomic data to support wheat research and crop improvement. wheatgenome.info is an integrated database resource which includes mult ...	2011	22009731
[Effects of reduced solar radiation on winter wheat flag leaf net photosynthetic rate].	Taking winter wheat Triticum aestivum L. (cv. Yangmai 13) as test material, a field experiment was conducted in Nanjing City to study the effects of simulated reduced solar radiation on the diurnal variation of winter wheat flag leaf photosynthetic rate and the main affecting factors. Five treatments were installed, i. e., 15% (T15), 20% (T20) , 40% (T40), 60% (T60), and 100% (CK) of total incident solar radiation. Reduced solar irradiance increased the chlorophyll and lutein contents significan ...	2011	21941745
Graminan breakdown by fructan exohydrolase induced in winter wheat inoculated with snow mold.	Fructan structures vary widely among plant species. Graminan-type fructans, extensions of sucrose through ß-(2,6)-linked fructosyl units with branches of ß-(2,1)-linked fructosyl units, accumulate in tissues of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) during cold hardening and are metabolized under persistent snow cover. Snow molds such as Typhula ishikariensis and Microdochium nivale opportunistically infect wheat under snow cover. Snow mold-resistant wheat cultivars tend to heavily accumulate and slow ...	2011	21983139
Hyperspectral and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging to Analyse the Impact of Fusarium culmorum on the Photosynthetic Integrity of Infected Wheat Ears.	Head blight on wheat, caused by Fusarium spp., is a serious problem for both farmers and food production due to the concomitant production of highly toxic mycotoxins in infected cereals. For selective mycotoxin analyses, information about the on-field status of infestation would be helpful. Early symptom detection directly on ears, together with the corresponding geographic position, would be important for selective harvesting. Hence, the capabilities of various digital imaging methods to detect ...	2011	22163820
salicylic acid and calcium-induced protection of wheat against salinity.	soil salinity is one of the important environmental factors that produce serious agricultural problems. the objective of the present study was to determine the interactive effect of salicylic acid (sa) and calcium (ca) on plant growth, photosynthetic pigments, proline (pro) concentration, carbonic anhydrase (ca) activity and activities of antioxidant enzymes of triticum aestivum l. (cv. samma) under salt stress. application of 90 mm of nacl reduced plant growth (plant height, fresh weight (fw) a ...	2011	21979309
wheat curl mite resistance: interactions of mite feeding with wheat streak mosaic virus infection.	the majority of plant viruses are dependent on arthropod vectors for spread between plants. wheat streak mosaic virus (family potyviridae, genus tritimovirus, wsmv) is transmitted by the wheat curl mite, aceria tosichella keifer, and this virus and vector cause extensive yield losses in most major wheat (triticum aestivum l.)-growing regions of the world. many cultivars in use are susceptible to this vector-virus complex, and yield losses of 10-99% have been documented. wheat curl mite resistanc ...	2011	21882710
characterization of chloroplast dna microsatellites from saccharum spp and related species.	microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats (ssrs), and their flanking regions in chloroplast genomes (plastomes) of some species of the family poaceae were analyzed in silico to look for dna sequence variations. comparison of the complete chloroplast dna sequences (cpdnas) of sugarcane (saccharum hybrid cv. sp-80-3280 and s. officinarum cv. nco310) and related species, agrostis stolonifera, brachypodium distachyon, hordeum vulgare subsp vulgare, lolium perenne, oryza nivara, o. sativa sub ...	2011	21948764
environmental assay on the effect of poultry manure application on soil organisms in agroecosystems.	this paper reports the effects produced on the organisms of the soil (plants, invertebrates and microorganisms), after the application of two types of poultry manure (sawdust and straw bed) on an agricultural land. the test was made using a terrestrial microcosm, multi-species soil system (ms3) developed in inia. there was no difference in the germination for any of the three species of plants considered in the study. the biomass was increased in the wheat (triticum aestivum) coming from ground ...	2011	22154182
zymoseptoria gen. nov.: a new genus to accommodate septoria-like species occurring on graminicolous hosts.	the mycosphaerella complex is both poly- and paraphyletic, containing several different families and genera. the genus mycosphaerella is restricted to species with ramularia anamorphs, while septoria is restricted to taxa that cluster with the type species of septoria, s. cytisi, being closely related to cercospora in the mycosphaerellaceae. species that occur on graminicolous hosts represent an as yet undescribed genus, for which the name zymoseptoria is proposed. based on the 28s nrdna phyloge ...	2011	22025804
molecular characterization of rht-1 dwarfing genes in hexaploid wheat.	the introduction of the reduced height (rht)-b1b and rht-d1b semidwarfing genes led to impressive increases in wheat (triticum aestivum) yields during the green revolution. the reduction in stem elongation in varieties containing these alleles is caused by a limited response to the phytohormone gibberellin (ga), resulting in improved resistance to stem lodging and yield benefits through an increase in grain number. rht-b1 and rht-d1 encode della proteins, which act to repress ga-responsive growt ...	2011	22013218
Autotoxicity and allelopathy of 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone isolated from Picea schrenkiana needles.	Bioassay-guided fractionation of the diethyl ether fraction of a water extract of Picea schrenkiana needles led to the isolation of the phenolic compound 3,4-dihydroxy- acetophenone (DHAP). The allelopathic effects of DHAP were evaluated under laboratory conditions on P. schrenkiana, rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), lettuce (Latuca sativa L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus L.). DHAP significantly inhibited seed ...	2011	22024957
visualisation of stromules in transgenic wheat expressing a plastid-targeted yellow fluorescent protein.	stromules are stroma-filled tubules that extend from the plastids in all multicellular plants examined to date. to facilitate the visualisation of stromules on different plastid types in various tissues of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.), a chimeric gene construct encoding enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (eyfp) targeted to plastids with the transit peptide of wheat granule-bound starch synthase i was introduced by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. the gene construct was under the con ...	2011	21274561
concentration-dependent rdx uptake and remediation by crop plants.	the potential rdx contamination of food chain from polluted soil is a significant concern in regards to both human health and environment. using a hydroponic system and selected soils spiked with rdx, this study disclosed that four crop plant species maize (zea mays), sorghum (sorghum sudanese), wheat (triticum aestivum), and soybean (glycine max) were capable of rdx uptake with more in aerial parts than roots. the accumulation of rdx in the plant tissue is concentration-dependent up to 21 mg rd ...	2011	21274639
expression of a radish defensin in transgenic wheat confers increased resistance to fusarium graminearum and rhizoctonia cerealis.	fusarium head blight (scab), primarily caused by fusarium graminearum, is a devastating disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) worldwide. wheat sharp eyespot, mainly caused by rhizoctonia cerealis, is one of the major diseases of wheat in china. the defensin rsafp2, a small cyteine-rich antifungal protein from radish (raphanus sativus), was shown to inhibit growth in vitro of agronomically important fungal pathogens, such as f. graminearum and r. cerealis. the rsafp2 gene was transformed into c ...	2011	21279533
genetic differentiation of puccinia triticina populations in the middle east and genetic similarity with populations in central asia.	leaf rust of wheat, caused by puccinia triticina, is a common and widespread disease in the middle east. the objective of this study was to determine whether genetically differentiated groups of p. triticina are present in the middle east region and to compare the population from the middle east with the previously characterized population from central asia to determine whether genetically similar groups of isolates are found in the two regions. in total, 118 isolates of p. triticina collected f ...	2011	21303212
genetic mapping of the stem rust (puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici eriks. & e. henn) resistance gene sr13 in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, the causative agent of stem rust in wheat, is known for its high virulence variability and ability to evolve new virulence to resistance genes. thus, pyramiding of several resistance genes in a single line is the best strategy for a sustainable control of wheat stem rust. sr13 is one of the few resistance genes that are effective against wide ranging p. graminis f. sp. tritici races, including the pestilent race ug99. its effectiveness to ug99 makes it a valuabl ...	2011	20838760
Epiphytic pink-pigmented methylotrophic bacteria enhance germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum) by producing phytohormone.	Methylotrophic bacteria were isolated from the phyllosphere of different crop plants such as sugarcane, pigeonpea, mustard, potato and radish. The methylotrophic isolates were differentiated based on growth characteristics and colony morphology on methanol supplemented ammonium mineral salts medium. Amplification of the mxaF gene helped in the identification of the methylotrophic isolates as belonging to the genus Methylobacterium. Cell-free culture filtrates of these strains enhanced seed germi ...	2011	22200783
species composition of aphid vectors (hemiptera: aphididae) of barley yellow dwarf virus and cereal yellow dwarf virus in alabama and western florida.	yellow dwarf is a major disease problem of wheat, triticum aestivum l., in alabama and is estimated to cause yield loss of 21-42 bu/acre. the disease is caused by a complex of viruses comprising several virus species, including barley yellow dwarf virus-pav and cereal yellow dwarf virus-rpv. several other strains have not yet been classified into a specific species. the viruses are transmitted exclusively by aphids (hemiptera:aphididae). between the 2005 and 2008 winter wheat seasons, aphids wer ...	2011	21882679
Transcriptome analysis of h(2)o(2)-treated wheat seedlings reveals a h(2)o(2)-responsive Fatty Acid desaturase gene participating in powdery mildew resistance.	Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) plays important roles in plant biotic and abiotic stress responses. However, the effect of H(2)O(2) stress on the bread wheat transcriptome is still lacking. To investigate the cellular and metabolic responses triggered by H(2)O(2), we performed an mRNA tag analysis of wheat seedlings under 10 mM H(2)O(2) treatment for 6 hour in one powdery mildew (PM) resistant (PmA) and two susceptible (Cha and Han) lines. In total, 6,156, 6,875 and 3,276 transcripts were found to ...	2011	22174904
Acetylation degree of chitin in the protective response of wheat plants.	Influences on the acetylation degree of chitin manifested by proteins from cultural filtrates of strains of the fungus Septoria nodorum different in aggressiveness and of extracts from leaves of the susceptible (Triticum aestivum) and resistant (Triticum timopheevii) wheat plants infected with these strains were studied. Chitin deacetylase was found among the extracellular proteins of the fungus. Its activity was higher in the aggressive strain of the fungus than in the non-aggressive one, and t ...	2011	22150279
Next-generation sequencing and syntenic integration of flow-sorted arms of wheat chromosome 4A exposes the chromosome structure and gene content.	Wheat is the third most important crop for human nutrition in the world. The availability of high-resolution genetic and physical maps and ultimately a complete genome sequence holds great promise for breeding improved varieties to cope with increasing food demand under the conditions of changing global climate. However, the large size of the bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) genome (approximately 17 Gb/1C) and the triplication of genic sequence resulting from its hexaploid status have impeded gen ...	2011	21974774
competitive performance of transgenic wheat resistant to powdery mildew.	genetically modified (gm) plants offer an ideal model system to study the influence of single genes that confer constitutive resistance to pathogens on the ecological behaviour of plants. we used phytometers to study competitive interactions between gm lines of spring wheat triticum aestivum carrying such genes and control lines. we hypothesized that competitive performance of gm lines would be reduced due to enhanced transgene expression under pathogen levels typically encountered in the field. ...	2011	22132219
synthetic antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to transiently suppress different nucleus- and chloroplast-encoded proteins of higher plant chloroplasts.	selective inhibition of gene expression by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (odns) is widely applied in gene function analyses; however, experiments with odns in plants are scarce. in this work, we extend the use of odns in different plant species, optimizing the uptake, stability, and efficiency of odns with a combination of molecular biological and biophysical techniques to transiently inhibit the gene expression of different chloroplast proteins. we targeted the nucleus-encoded phytoene desatu ...	2011	21980174
screening and identification of seed-specific genes using digital differential display tools combined with microarray data from common wheat.	wheat is one of the most important cereal crops for human beings, with seeds being the tissue of highly economic value. various morphogenetic and metabolic processes are exclusively associated with seed maturation. the goal of this study was to screen and identify genes specifically expressed in the developing seed of wheat with an integrative utilization of digital differential display (ddd) and available online microarray databases.	2011	22003838
changes in wheat leaf phenolome in response to cold acclimation.	a study of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves phenolome was carried out during cold acclimation of the winter (claire) and spring (bounty) varieties using a combination of hplc-esi-ms techniques. a total of 40 phenolic and flavonoid compounds were identified, and consisted mainly of two coumarin derivatives, eight simple phenolic derivatives, 10 hydroxycinnamoyl amides and 20 flavonoid derivatives. identification and quantification of individual compounds were performed using an hplc system cou ...	2011	21955620
new broad-spectrum resistance to septoria tritici blotch derived from synthetic hexaploid wheat.	septoria tritici blotch (stb), caused by the ascomycete mycosphaerella graminicola, is one of the most devastating foliar diseases of wheat. we screened five synthetic hexaploid wheats (shs), 13 wheat varieties that represent the differential set of cultivars and two susceptible checks with a global set of 20 isolates and discovered exceptionally broad stb resistance in shs. subsequent development and analyses of recombinant inbred lines (rils) from a cross between the sh m3 and the highly susce ...	2011	21912855
the agrobacterium-mediated transformation of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and triticale (x triticosecale wittmack): role of the binary vector system and selection cassettes.	the influence of two binary vector systems, pgreen and pcambia, on the agrobacterium-mediated transformation ability of wheat and triticale was studied. both vectors carried selection cassettes with bar or nptii driven by different promoters. two cultivars of wheat, kontesa and torka, and one cultivar of triticale, wanad, were tested. the transformation rates for the wheat cultivars ranged from 0.00 to 3.58% and from 0.00 to 6.79% for triticale. the best values for wheat were 3.58% for kontesa a ...	2011	21952729
molecular cloning of a new wheat calreticulin gene tacrt1 and expression analysis in plant defense responses and abiotic stress resistance.	calreticulin proteins play essential roles in regulating various metabolic processes and in molecular signal transduction in animals and plants. using homologous pcr, we screened a cdna library of the wheat resistance gene yr5 from a near-isogenic line in the susceptible common wheat variety taichung 29, which was inoculated with an incompatible race cyr32 of puccinia striiformis. we isolated a novel full-length cdna encoding calreticulin protein, which we named tacrt1. sequence analyses ...	2011	22095480
dominant and pleiotropic effects of a gai gene in wheat results from a lack of interaction between della and gid1.	dominance, semidominance, and recessiveness are important modes of mendelian inheritance. the phytohormone gibberellin (ga) regulates many plant growth and developmental processes. the previously cloned semidominant ga-insensitive (gai) genes reduced height1 (rht1) and rht2 in wheat (triticum aestivum) were the basis of the green revolution. however, no completely dominant gai gene has been cloned. here, we report the molecular characterization of rht-b1c, a dominant gai allele in wheat that con ...	2011	22010107
changes in phytohormones and fatty acids in wheat and rice seedlings in response to hessian fly (diptera: cecidomyiidae) infestation.	phytohormones and fatty acids (fas) play important roles in plant resistance to insects and pathogens. in this study, we investigated the similarities and differences in the accumulations of phytohormones and fas in the resistant wheat (triticum aestivum l.) 'molly' and the nonhost rice (oryza sativa l.) 'niponbare' in responses to hessian fly, mayetiola destructor (say) (diptera: cecidomyiidae), larval attacks. using chemical ionization-gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry, we analyzed the conc ...	2011	21882708
[genoprotective activities of the oils from leaves and fruits of fagus orientalis lipsky].	the antimutagenic activities of the oils obtained from leaves and fruits of fagus orientalis have been shown in experiments with spontaneous and mutagen- and ageing-induced variability. the aberrations of chromosomes in the meristematic cells of the allium cepa l., vicia faba l., triticum aestivum l., and marrow cells of vistar rats as well as arabidopsis thaliana gene mutations have been mobilized as experimental tests.	2011	21950139
Developing a sustainable phytomanagement strategy for excessive selenium in western United States and India.	Phytomanagement technology is recognized as an inexpensive and environmental friendly strategy for managing natural-occurring selenium (Se) in soils and in poor quality waters. Multi-year field and greenhouse studies were conducted with different plant species in California, USA and Punjab, India under high Se growing conditions. Some of the plant species included; canola (Brassica napus), mustard (B. juncea), broccoli (B. oleracea), spearmint (Mentha viridis), sugarcane (Saccharum officcinarum) ...	2011	22046761
Impact of Triticum mosaic virus infection on hard winter wheat milling and bread baking quality.	BACKGROUND: Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) is a newly discovered wheat virus. Information regarding the effect of wheat viruses on milling and baking quality is limited. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of TriMV infection on the kernel characteristics, milling yield and bread baking quality of wheat. Commercial hard winter varieties evaluated included RonL, Danby and Jagalene. The TriMV resistance of RonL is low, while that of Danby and Jagalene is unknown. KS96HW10-3, a ge ...	2011	21969097
Biodegradation of crystal violet by Agrobacterium radiobacter.	Agrobacterium radiobacter MTCC 8161 completely decolorized the Crystal Violet with 8 hr (10 mg/L) at static anoxic conditions. The decreased decolorization capability by A. radiobacter was observed, when the Crystal Violet concentration was increased from 10 to 100 mg/L. Semi-synthetic medium containing 1% yeast extract and 0.1% NH4C1 has shown 100% decolorization of Crystal Violet within 5 hr. A complete degradation of Crystal Violet by A. radiobacter was observed up to 7 cycles of repeated add ...	2011	22128547
A second 'overexpression' allele at the Glu-B1 high-molecular-weight glutenin locus of wheat: sequence characterisation and functional effects.	Bread is one of the major constituents of the human diet and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most important cereal for bread making. The gluten proteins (glutenins and gliadins) are recognised as important components affecting the processing quality of wheat flour. In this research, we investigated a particular glutenin subunit allele in an Australian cultivar, H45. Based on protein and DNA assays, the Glu-B1 allele of H45 seems to be Glu-B1al, an allele that includes a functional duplicatio ...	2011	21938472
identification of novel quantitative trait loci for days to ear emergence and flag leaf glaucousness in a bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) population adapted to southern australian conditions.	in southern australia, where the climate is predominantly mediterranean, achieving the correct flowering time in bread wheat minimizes the impact of in-season cyclical and terminal drought. flag leaf glaucousness has been hypothesized as an important component of drought tolerance but its value and genetic basis in locally adapted germplasm is unknown. from a cross between kukri and rac875, a doubled-haploid (dh) population was developed. a genetic linkage map consisting of 456 dart and ssr mark ...	2011	22045047
identification and comparative mapping of a powdery mildew resistance gene derived from wild emmer (triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides) on chromosome 2bs.	powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is an important foliar disease of wheat worldwide. wild emmer (triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides) is a valuable genetic resource for improving disease resistance in common wheat. a powdery mildew resistance gene conferring resistance to b. graminis f. sp. tritici isolate e09 at the seedling and adult stages was identified in wild emmer accession iw170 introduced from israel. an incomplete dominant gene, temporarily designated mliw170, ...	2011	22170431
kinetic properties of cell wall bound superoxide dismutase in leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) following stripe rust (puccinia striiformis) infection.	stripe rust (puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici) is the most devastating disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) accounting huge economical losses to the industry worldwide. hd 2329 was a widely grown wheat cultivar which had become highly susceptible to stripe rust and was used to understand the biochemical aspects of the host pathogen interaction through characterization of superoxide dismutase (sod). in the present study, two types of sod, ionically or covalently bound to the particulate frac ...	2011	22165293
characterization of three homoeologous cdnas encoding chloroplast-targeted aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in common wheat(f).	in the tetrapyrrole biosynthetic pathway of higher plants, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ala) is metabolized by ala dehydratase (alad). here, we isolated alad1 cdna from common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and its diploid progenitors, and produced transgenic tobacco plants expressing the wheat alad1 gene. the alad1 genes were highly conserved among wheat relatives, and three homoeologous loci of wheat alad1 (taalad1) were equally transcribed in common wheat. a transient expression assay of a taalad1-gf ...	2011	22044778
A wheat homolog of MOTHER OF FT AND TFL1 acts in the regulation of germination.	Seed dormancy is an adaptive mechanism and an important agronomic trait. Temperature during seed development strongly affects seed dormancy in wheat (Triticum aestivum) with lower temperatures producing higher levels of seed dormancy. To identify genes important for seed dormancy, we used a wheat microarray to analyze gene expression in embryos from mature seeds grown at lower and higher temperatures. We found that a wheat homolog of MOTHER OF FT AND TFL1 (MFT) was upregulated after physiologica ...	2011	21896881
inhibition of fusarium graminearum growth in flour gel cultures by hexane-soluble compounds from oat (avena sativa l.) flour.	fusarium head blight, incited by the fungus fusarium graminearum, primarily affects wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgarum), while oat (avena sativa) appears to be more resistant. although this has generally been attributed to the open panicle of oats, we hypothesized that a chemical component of oats might contribute to this resistance. to test this hypothesis, we created culture media made of wheat, barley, and oat flour gels (6 g of flour in 20 ml of water, gelled by autoclav ...	2011	22186063
a new insight into application for barley chromosome addition lines of common wheat: achievement of stigmasterol accumulation.	barley (hordeum vulgare) has a much higher content of bioactive substances than wheat (triticum aestivum). in order to investigate additive and/or synergistic effect(s) on the phytosterol content of barley chromosomes, we used a series of barley chromosome addition lines of common wheat that were produced by normal crossing. in determining the plant sterol levels in 2-week-old seedlings and dry seeds, we found that the level of stigmasterol in the barley chromosome 3 addition (3h) line in the se ...	2011	21951468
[salicylic and jasmonic acids in regulation of the proantioxidant state in wheat leaves infected by septoria nodorum berk].	influence of mediators of the signal systems of salicylic (sa) and jasmonic (ja) acids and their mixture on reactive oxygen species' (ros) (superoxide radical o2*- and h2o2) generation and activity of oxidoreductases (oxalate oxidase, peroxidase and catalase) in leaves of wheat triticum aestivum l. infected by septoria leaf blotch pathogen septoria nodorum berk. has been studied. presowing treatment of seeds by sa and ja decreased the development rate of fungus on wheat leaves. sa provided earli ...	2011	22232904
use of dactylaria brochopaga, a predacious fungus, for managing root-knot disease of wheat (triticum aestivum) caused by meloidogyne graminicola.	a laboratory experiment was conducted to study the induction of constricting rings and test predation of dactylaria brochopaga isolates against second stage juveniles (j2s) of meloidogyne graminicola. among the five fungal isolates, isolate d showed the greatest number of predatory rings and, consequently, trapped the maximum number of m. graminicola j2s in dual cultures. another pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of d. brochopaga (isolate d) on the management of wheat root-knot di ...	2011	22783087
selection of parents for crossing based on genotyping and phenotyping for stripe rust (puccinia striiformis) resistance and agronomic traits in bread wheat breeding.	bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) germplasm consisting of 45 genotypes were clustered phenotypically using ten morphological traits and area under disease progress curve (audpc) as measure of stripe rust resistance. the clustering was ratified by using twenty three molecular markers (ssr, est and sts) linked to stripe rust (puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) resistant qtls. the aim was to asses the extent of genetic variability among the genotypes in order to select the parents for crossing b ...	2011	22329159
absorption efficiency of n, p, k through triple inoculation of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by azospirillum brasilense, streptomyces sp., glomus intraradices and manure application.	this study examined the effects of different biofertilizers and manure on the absorption and absorption efficiency of macronutrients by wheat in alborz province, iran. the experimental design was factorial in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications. the four factors of the experiment were azospirillum (with 600 g/ha and without), mycorrhiza (with 1 kg/ha and without), streptomyces (with 0.5 kg/ha and without) and manure (with 30 t/ha and without). to measure n, p a ...	2011	23573008
insecticidal management and movement of the brown stink bug, euschistus servus, in corn.	in eastern north carolina, some brown stink bugs, euschistus servus (say) (hemiptera: pentatomidae) are suspected to pass the f(1) generation in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) (poales: poaceae) before moving into corn (zea mays l.) (poales: poaceae). these pests can injure corn ears as they develop. to test their effectiveness as a management tactic, pyrethroids were aerially applied to field corn in two experiments, one with 0.77 ha plots and another with 85 ha plots. euschistus servus population ...	2011	22950984
optimization of extraction of antioxidants from wheat bran (triticum spp.) using response surface methodology.	in this study, the optimal conditions for the extraction of antioxidants from hard winter wheat bran (wh711) were determined using response surface methodology (rsm). a central composite face centred design was used to investigate the effects of three independent variables, namely solvent composition (%v/v), extraction temperature (°c) and time (minutes) on the responses; free phenolic content (fpc), total flavonoid content (tfc), total antioxidant activity (taa), ferric reducing power (frp), hy ...	2011	23729849
the 'green revolution' dwarfing genes play a role in disease resistance in triticum aestivum and hordeum vulgare.	the green revolution dwarfing genes, rht-b1b and rht-d1b, encode mutant forms of della proteins and are present in most modern wheat varieties. della proteins have been implicated in the response to biotic stress in the model plant, arabidopsis thaliana. using defined wheat rht near-isogenic lines and barley sln1 gain of function (gof) and loss of function (lof) lines, the role of della in response to biotic stress was investigated in pathosystems representing contrasting trophic styles (biotrop ...	2011	22090435
applicability of aegilops tauschii drought tolerance traits to breeding of hexaploid wheat.	few genes are available to develop drought-tolerant bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars. one way to enhance bread wheat's genetic diversity would be to take advantage of the diversity of wild species by creating synthetic hexaploid wheat (sw) with the genomic constitution of bread wheat. in this study, we compared the expression of traits encoded at different ploidy levels and evaluated the applicability of aegilops tauschii drought-related traits using 33 ae. tauschii accessions along ...	2011	23136471
genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium in chinese bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) revealed by ssr markers.	two hundred and fifty bread wheat lines, mainly chinese mini core accessions, were assayed for polymorphism and linkage disequilibrium (ld) based on 512 whole-genome microsatellite loci representing a mean marker density of 5.1 cm. a total of 6,724 alleles ranging from 1 to 49 per locus were identified in all collections. the mean pic value was 0.650, ranging from 0 to 0.965. population structure and principal coordinate analysis revealed that landraces and modern varieties were two relatively i ...	2011	21365016
synthesis and herbicidal activity of 5-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one esters.	a series of novel 5-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one esters were synthesized under mild conditions by the reaction of 5-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one and carboxylic acids with dcc and dmap as the promoters. their structures were confirmed by ¹h-nmr, ir, esi-ms and elemental analysis. the preliminary bioassy results indicated that some of compounds exhibit good herbicidal activity against zea mays, triticum aestivum and arabidopsis thaliana. the further greenhouse test ...	2011	21455096
organization and dynamics of plant interphase chromosomes.	eukaryotic chromosomes occupy distinct territories within interphase nuclei. the arrangement of chromosome territories (cts) is important for replication, transcription, repair and recombination processes. our knowledge about interphase chromatin arrangement is mainly based on results from in situ labeling approaches. the phylogenetic affiliation of a species, cell cycle, differentiation status and environmental factors are all likely to influence interphase nuclear architecture. in this review ...	2011	21393049
discovery and expression profile analysis of ap2/erf family genes from triticum aestivum.	throughout its development, common wheat, triticum aestivum responds to different kinds of adverse abiotic and biotic stress by expressing specific genes that allow it to adapt to these stresses. in this process, genes in the ap2/erf family encode transcriptional regulators involved in diverse developmental and physiological processes play critical roles. here, we established an extensive picture of the ap2/erf family genes in wheat. from 960, 174 ests of t. aestivum, 117 putative ap2/erf family ...	2011	20407836
allelopathic effects of ragweed (ambrosia artemisiifolia l.) on cultivated plants.	during the past years ragweed has been coming to the forefront of interest in hungary and in other european countries as well because its serious health risk. results of the 5th national weed survey has proven that ragweed is the most important weed species on hungarian field lands, its coverage shows a rising tendency in cereals moreover it not only occurs in cultivated plants. allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts derived from different parts of ragweed plants (air dried leafy stems, seeds) ...	2011	22696964
210pb and 210po in finnish cereals.	a survey was carried out on the activity concentrations of (210)pb and (210)po in cereal grains produced in finland. the cereal species were wheat (triticum aestivum), rye (secale cereale), oats (avena sativa) and barley (hordeum vulgare), which account for 90% of the finnish consumption of cereal products. the survey consisted of 18 flour and 13 unprocessed cereal samples and one hulled grain sample from 22 flour mills. according to the results, the mean (210)pb/(210)po concentrations in wheat ...	2011	21035236
durable resistance to the wheat rusts: integrating systems biology and traditional phenotype-based research methods to guide the deployment of resistance genes.	genes which confer partial resistance to the rusts in wheat figure prominently in discussions of potential durable resistance strategies. the positional cloning of the first of these genes, lr34/yr18 and yr36, has revealed different protein structures, suggesting that the category of partial resistance genes, as defined by phenotype, likely groups together suites of functionally heterogenous genes. with the number of mapped partial rust resistance genes increasing rapidly as a result of ongoing ...	2011	26900170
combined effects of soil moisture and carbaryl to earthworms and plants: simulation of flood and drought scenarios.	studying tolerance limits in organisms exposed to climatic variations is key to understanding effects on behaviour and physiology. the presence of pollutants may influence these tolerance limits, by altering the toxicity or bioavailability of the chemical. in this work, the plant species brassica rapa and triticum aestivum and the earthworm eisenia andrei were exposed to different levels of soil moisture and carbaryl, as natural and chemical stressors, respectively. both stress factors were test ...	2011	21514022
distribution and diversity of russian wheat aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) biotypes in south africa and lesotho.	russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (kurdjumov) (hemiptera: aphididae) was recorded for the first time in south africa in 1978. in 2005, a second biotype, rwasa2, emerged, and here we report on the emergence of yet another biotype, found for the first time in 2009. the discovery of new russian wheat aphid biotypes is a significant challenge to the wheat, triticum aestivum l., industry in south africa. russian wheat aphid resistance in wheat, that offered wheat producers a long-term solution to ...	2011	22066205
allelopathic effect of bromus spp. and lolium spp. shoot extracts on some crops.	allelopathy is an untapped resource for weed control in crops that could give good possibilities for environmentally sound, integrated crop production. allelopathy is defined as the direct or indirect harmful or beneficial effects of one plant on another through the production of chemical compounds, called allelochemicals, which escape into the environment. allelochemicals can be produced by weeds and affect crops, and the reverse is also true. allelopathic interactions include weed-weed, weed-c ...	2011	22696963
association study of resistance to soilborne wheat mosaic virus in u.s. winter wheat.	soilborne wheat mosaic virus (sbwmv) is one of the most important winter wheat pathogens worldwide. to identify genes for resistance to the virus in u.s. winter wheat, association study was conducted using a selected panel of 205 elite experimental lines and cultivars from u.s. hard and soft winter wheat breeding programs. virus symptoms were evaluated twice in virus-infected fields for the panel at manhattan, ks in spring 2010 and 2011 and for a subpanel of 137 hard winter wheat accessions at s ...	2011	21999158
proteomic analysis of peripheral layers during wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grain development.	grains of hexaploid wheat, triticum aestivum (cv. récital), were collected at 15 stages of development, from anthesis to physiological maturity, 0-700°c days (degree days after anthesis). two hundred and seven proteins of grain peripheral layers (inner pericarp, hyaline, testa and aleurone layer) were identified by 2-de, maldi-tof ms and data mining, then were classified in 16 different functional categories. study of the protein expression over time allowed identification of five main profiles ...	2011	21268267
protein and metal cluster structure of the wheat metallothionein domain γ-e(c)-1: the second part of the puzzle.	metallothioneins (mts) are small cysteine-rich proteins coordinating various transition metal ions, including zn(ii), cd(ii), and cu(i). mts are ubiquitously present in all phyla, indicating a successful molecular concept for metal ion binding in all organisms. the plant mt e(c)-1 from triticum aestivum, common bread wheat, is a zn(ii)-binding protein that comprises two domains and binds up to six metal ions. the structure of the c-terminal four metal ion binding β(e) domain was recently describ ...	2011	21437709
retention of d genome chromosomes in pentaploid wheat crosses.	the transfer of genes between triticum aestivum (hexaploid bread wheat) and t. turgidum (tetraploid durum wheat) holds considerable potential for genetic improvement of both these closely related species. five different t. aestivum/t. turgidum ssp. durum crosses were investigated using diversity arrays technology (dart) markers to determine the inheritance of parental a, b and d genome material in subsequent generations derived from these crosses. the proportions of a, b and d chromosomal segmen ...	2011	21427754
characterization of a single recessive yield trait mutant with elevated endogenous aba concentration and deformed grains, spikelets and leaves.	the characterization of yield trait mutants is important for understanding the regulation of grain yield formation in staple food crops. meh0239 is a yield trait-related mutant identified from a mutant library of the common wheat cultivar wangshuibai created by ethylmethyl sulfide (ems) treatment of dry seeds. to shed some light on the nature of this mutation, it was investigated morphologically, physiologically, anatomically and genetically. the mutant plant showed obvious phenotypic difference ...	2011	21421375
active-site architecture of benzoxazinone-glucoside β-d-glucosidases in triticeae.	the β-d-glucosidases from wheat (triticum aestivum) and rye (secale cereale) hydrolyze benzoxazinone-glucose conjugates. although wheat and rye glucosidases have high sequence identity, they have different substrate preferences; the wheat enzyme favors dimboa-glc (2-o-β-d-glucopyranosyl-4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one) over diboa-glc (7-demethoxy-dimboa-glc), whereas the rye enzyme preference is the opposite. to investigate the mechanism of substrate binding, we analyzed crystal structu ...	2011	21421370
high temperature during grain fill alters the morphology of protein and starch deposits in the starchy endosperm cells of developing wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grain.	high temperature during grain fill reduces wheat yield and alters flour quality. starchy endosperm cell morphology was investigated in wheat ( triticum aestivum l. 'butte 86') grain produced under a 24/17 or 37/28 °c day/night regimen imposed from anthesis to maturity to identify changes in cell structure related to the functional properties of flour. the duration of grain fill decreased substantially under the 37/28 °c regimen, but, like the 24/17 °c regimen, endosperm cells in the mature grain ...	2011	21417450
lead phytotoxicity on wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seed germination and seedlings growth.	lead (pb) is an environmental pollutant extremely toxic to plants and other living organisms including humans. to assess pb phytotoxicity, experiments focusing on germination of wheat seeds were germinated in a solution containing pb (no(3))(2) (0.05; 0.1; 0.5; 1g/l) during 6 days. lead accumulation in seedlings was positively correlated with the external concentrations, and negatively correlated with morphological parameters of plant growth. lead increased lipid peroxidation, enhanced soluble p ...	2011	21333942
physical and stress-strain properties of wheat (triticum aestivum) kernel.	two hard wheat varieties and one soft variety grown under the same agroecological conditions were analyzed for their physical and uniaxial stress-strain compression properties.	2011	21328363
tanf-yb3 is involved in the regulation of photosynthesis genes in triticum aestivum.	nuclear factor y (nf-y) transcription factor is a heterotrimer comprised of three subunits: nf-ya, nf-yb and nf-yc. each of the three subunits in plants is encoded by multiple genes with differential expression profiles, implying the functional specialisation of nf-y subunit members in plants. in this study, we investigated the roles of nf-yb members in the light-mediated regulation of photosynthesis genes. we identified two nf-yb members from triticum aestivum (tanf-yb3 & 7) which were markedly ...	2011	21327447
the influence of temperature on plant development in a vernalization-requiring winter wheat: a 2-de based proteomic investigation.	in this work, proteomics was used to study the influence of both optimal and low temperatures on growth and development in a vernalization-requiring winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv cheyenne) after prolonged times of treatment. for this purpose, plants were grown at optimal temperature (20°c) for 14 days (zero point) after which half were transferred to conditioned chambers kept at 4°c for a period of 63 days. cold tolerance, as estimated from lethal temperatures (lt(50)), and phenological ...	2011	21320650
bac libraries from wheat chromosome 7d: efficient tool for positional cloning of aphid resistance genes.	positional cloning in bread wheat is a tedious task due to its huge genome size and hexaploid character. bac libraries represent an essential tool for positional cloning. however, wheat bac libraries comprise more than million clones, which makes their screening very laborious. here, we present a targeted approach based on chromosome-specific bac libraries. such libraries were constructed from flow-sorted arms of wheat chromosome 7d. a library from the short arm (7ds) consisting of 49,152 clones ...	2011	21318113
detecting ingested plant dna in soil-living insect larvae.	although a significant proportion of plant tissue is located in roots and other below-ground parts of plants, little is known on the dietary choices of root-feeding insects. this is caused by a lack of adequate methodology which would allow tracking below-ground trophic interactions between insects and plants. here, we present a dna-based approach to examine this relationship. feeding experiments were established where either wheat (triticum aestivum) or maize (zea mays) was fed to agriotes larv ...	2011	21317975
evolution of polyploid triticum wheats under cultivation: the role of domestication, natural hybridization and allopolyploid speciation in their diversification.	the evolution of the polyploid triticum wheats is distinctive in that domestication, natural hybridization and allopolyploid speciation have all had significant impacts on their diversification. in this review, i outline the phylogenetic relationships of cultivated wheats and their wild relatives and provide an overview of the recent progress and remaining issues in understanding the genetic and ecological factors that favored their evolution. an attempt is made to view the evolution of the poly ...	2011	21317146
thiol redox-sensitive seed proteome in dormant and non-dormant hybrid genotypes of wheat.	the thiol redox-sensitive and the total proteome in harvest-ripe grains of closely related genotypes of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), with either a dormant or a non-dormant phenotype, were investigated using hybrid lines of spring wheat double haploid population segregating transgressively, to gain further insight into seed dormancy controlling events. redox signalling by reactive oxygen species has been shown to play a role in seed dormancy alleviation. thiol-disulfide proteins are of particula ...	2011	21295800
three-dimensional distribution of vessels, passage cells and lateral roots along the root axis of winter wheat (triticum aestivum).	the capacity of a plant to absorb and transport water and nutrients depends on anatomical structures within the roots and their co-ordination. however, most descriptions of root anatomical structure are limited to 2-d cross-sections, providing little information on 3-d spatial relationships and hardly anything on their temporal evolution. three-dimensional reconstruction and visualization of root anatomical structures can illustrate spatial co-ordination among cells and tissues and provide new i ...	2011	21289027