Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| c. difficile inquest too narrow as "quebec strain" goes international. | 2007 | 17389432 | |
| clostridium difficile enteritis: an early postoperative complication in inflammatory bowel disease patients after colectomy. | clostridium difficile, the leading cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea, is known to cause severe colitis. c. difficile small bowel enteritis is rare (14 case reports) with mortality rates ranging from 60 to 83%. c. difficile has increased in incidence particularly among patients with inflammatory bowel disease. this case series of six patients from 2004 to 2006 is the largest in the literature. all patients received antibiotics before colectomies for ulcerative colitis and developed severe enter ... | 2007 | 17390162 |
| isolation and characterisation of toxin a-negative, toxin b-positive clostridium difficile in dublin, ireland. | clostridium difficile is a major cause of infectious diarrhoea in hospitalised patients. most pathogenic c. difficile strains produce two toxins, a and b; however, clinically relevant toxin a-negative, toxin b-positive (a- b+) strains of c. difficile that cause diarrhoea and colitis in humans have been isolated worldwide. the aims of this study were to isolate and characterise a- b+ strains from two university hospitals in dublin, ireland. samples positive for c. difficile were identified daily ... | 2007 | 17391385 |
| a 31-year-old, hiv-positive man presenting with emesis and bloody diarrhea. c. difficile infection. | 2007 | 17396470 | |
| upregulation of the immediate early gene product rhob by exoenzyme c3 from clostridium limosum and toxin b from clostridium difficile. | adp-ribosylation of rho(a,b,c) by the family of exoenzyme c3-like transferases induces reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton based on inactivation of rhoa. no data are available on the role of rhob in c3-treated cells. in murine fibroblasts treated with the cell-permeable exoenzyme c3 from clostridium limosum (c3), an increase in the level of rhob was observed. this upregulation of rhob was based on transcriptional activation, as it was responsive to inhibition by actinomycin d and accompanie ... | 2007 | 17397186 |
| [clostridium difficile associated diarrhea in the elderly patient]. | clostridium difficile is the leading cause of infectious nosocomial diarrhea in the elderly. it may cause colitis of variable severity and extraintestinal involvement. hand transmission is the most important, and it is related to prolonged antibiotic therapies in elderly patients with severe baseline disease. diagnosis is based on culture and immunological tests to detect its toxins. when there is no response to conservative treatment (withdrawal of the antibiotic and support therapy), metronida ... | 2007 | 17397570 |
| treatment of clostridium difficile--associated disease (cdad). | 2007 | 17400866 | |
| epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management of clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection is an important health problem worldwide and leads to increased morbidity and mortality, particularly among the elderly population. antibiotics, especially those with a broad spectrum, often trigger the infection; hence the use of unnecessary antibiotics should be avoided. mild to moderate cases respond to metronidazole or vancomycin. severe cases may require bowel resection. chronic relapsing cases require a prolonged course of antibiotics, immunoglobulin, probio ... | 2007 | 17404858 |
| spores, babies, and alcohol. a nurse's battle with c. diff. | 2007 | 17405362 | |
| clostridium difficile colitis in solid organ transplantation--a single-center experience. | clostridium difficile (cd) is one of the most common causes of diarrhea in solid organ transplantation (sot). between 1996 and 2005, a total of 2474 solid organ transplants were performed at our institution, of which 43 patients developed cd-associated diarrhea. there were 3 lung, 3 heart, 20 liver, 8 kidney-pancreas, 6 kidney, 1 composite tissue, and 2 multivisceral recipients. onset of cd infection ranged from 5 to 2453 days posttransplant. all patients presented with abdominal pain and watery ... | 2007 | 17406820 |
| fatal fulminant clostridium difficile colitis during chop therapy for lymphoma: an autopsy case. | although clostridium difficile colitis is a common problem during chemotherapy, fulminant expression is rarely observed. here, we describe a 68-year-old woman who developed fatal colitis due to clostridium difficile infection. the patient was treated with chop therapy for relapsed lymphoma. in the nadir phase, she developed severe bloody diarrhea with a high fever and died within 12 hours after the beginning of symptoms. clostridium difficile was identified in her stool and an autopsy showed hem ... | 2007 | 17409606 |
| evaluation of two immunochromatographic tests (immunocard toxins a&b, xpect c. difficile toxin a&b) and pcr for the detection of clostridium difficile toxins in faecal samples. | 2007 | 17412423 | |
| urocortin ii mediates pro-inflammatory effects in human colonocytes via corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2alpha. | urocortin ii (ucnii) is a neuropeptide that binds with high affinity to the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2 (crhr2) in peripheral tissues. ucnii is synthesised in the intestine, but its role in human intestinal inflammation is largely unknown. | 2007 | 17412781 |
| hospital acquired infection. | 2007 | 17413144 | |
| improvement targets for c difficile must be valid. | 2007 | 17413147 | |
| [current topics concerning emerging and re-emerging bacterial infections]. | 2007 | 17419432 | |
| molecular analysis of clostridium difficile isolates recovered from horses with diarrhea. | clostridium difficile is an important cause of diarrhea in horses, causing sporadic and epidemic disease of varying severity. this study evaluated the molecular characteristics of 48 c. difficile isolates recovered from diarrheic horses admitted to a veterinary hospital by using pcr-ribotyping and toxin gene profile. additionally, feces were tested for the presence of c. difficile toxin a/b via enzyme immunosorbant assay (eia) in 38 horses. the toxin genes tcda, tcdb and cdtb were present in 27 ... | 2007 | 17112686 |
| gut microbes, the innate immune system and inflammatory bowel disease: location, location, location. | 2007 | 17133076 | |
| update on clostridium difficile associated disease. | the aim of this article is to report recent changes in the epidemiology of clostridium difficile associated disease. | 2007 | 17133077 |
| has the severity of clostridium difficile infections increased? | 2007 | 17055114 | |
| tcdc genotypes associated with severe tcdc truncation in an epidemic clone and other strains of clostridium difficile. | severe clostridium difficile associated disease is associated with outbreaks of the recently described bi/nap1 epidemic clone. this clone is characterized by an 18-bp deletion in the tcdc gene and increased production of toxins a and b in vitro. tcdc is a putative negative regulator of toxin a&b production. we characterized tcdc genotypes from a collection of c. difficile isolates from a hospital that experienced an outbreak caused by the bi/nap1 epidemic clone. sequence analysis of tcdc was per ... | 2007 | 17035492 |
| production of xylitol by metabolically engineered strains of bacillus subtilis. | xylitol-phosphate dehydrogenase (xpdh) genes from several gram-positive bacteria were isolated and expressed in bacillus subtilis. the substrate specificities of the recombinant xpdh enzymes were compared and it was found that the xpdh enzymes of lactobacillus rhamnosus and clostridium difficile had the highest selectivity towards d-xylulose 5-phosphate. expression of these two xpdh enzymes in d-ribulose and d-xylulose producing b. subtilis strain resulted in strains of b. subtilis capable of co ... | 2007 | 17079043 |
| gut microbiota composition and development of atopic manifestations in infancy: the koala birth cohort study. | perturbations in intestinal microbiota composition due to lifestyle changes may be involved in the development of atopic diseases. we examined gut microbiota composition in early infancy and the subsequent development of atopic manifestations and sensitisation. | 2007 | 17047098 |
| toxin a-negative, toxin b-positive clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile is a major cause of infectious diarrhea in hospitalized patients. many pathogenic strains of clostridium difficile produce two toxins tcda and tcdb, both of which are pro-inflammatory and enterotoxic in human intestine. clinically relevant toxin a-negative, toxin b-positive (a(-)b(+)) strains of clostridium difficile that cause diarrhea and colitis in humans have been isolated with increasing frequency worldwide. this perspective describes these important toxin variant stra ... | 2007 | 16857405 |
| pseudomembranous colitis in four patients with cystic fibrosis following lung transplantation. | pseudomembranous colitis is an uncommon complication in patients with cystic fibrosis, despite the use of multiple high-dose antibiotic regimens and the frequency of hospital admissions. four patients from a total of 137 patients with cystic fibrosis undergoing lung transplantation are described who developed fulminant pseudomembranous colitis. initial presentation was variable and the mortality rate was 50% despite urgent colectomy. in one case the presenting abdominal distension was thought to ... | 2007 | 16601087 |
| rifaximin: recent advances in gastroenterology and hepatology. | rifaximin was initially developed for the treatment of bacteria-related diarrhea, but appreciation of its potentially broader use has increased as understanding of the importance of enteric bacteria in many organic and functional gastrointestinal diseases has advanced. this article reviews data that have been presented at medical meetings or published in medical journals since the publication of a 2006 rifaximin review in this journal. the data presented expand previous research, suggesting that ... | 2007 | 23329908 |
| beating the bug. | nhs trusts across england are under orders from the chief nursing officer christine beasley to step up their efforts to control clostridium difficile infection rates. | 2007 | 27732112 |
| clostridium difficile infection control monitoring tightened. | infection control teams must now report cases of clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea (cdad) in all patients aged two years and over. | 2007 | 27316610 |
| new advances in the treatment of clostridium difficile infection (cdi). | clostridium difficile infections (cdi) have increased in frequency throughout the world. in addition to an increase in frequency, recent cdi epidemics have been linked to a hypervirulent c. difficile strain resulting in greater severity of disease. although most mild to moderate cases of cdi continue to respond to metronidazole or vancomycin, refractory and recurrent cases of cdi may require alternative therapies. this review provides a brief overview of cdi and summarizes studies involving alte ... | 2008 | 19209277 |
| [the approach to recurrent infections with clostridium difficile]. | clostridium difficile associated diarrhea is one of the most common nosocomial infections. this infection is solely induced by antibiotic treatment. the risk for this disease increased with the length of hospital admission, the specific type of antibiotic, the patient age and associated co-morbidities. most patients respond to the antibiotic treatment with vancomycin or metronidazole. unfortunately, in 15-25% of patients this disease will recur. the approach to recurrent and refractory disease r ... | 2008 | 19264004 |
| [clinical importance of clostridium difficile finding in hospitalized patients]. | clostridium difficile infections predominatelly occur among hospitalized patients. the aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of finding the isolate of clostridium difficile cultured from the stool of hospitalized patients. | 2008 | 19368285 |
| antimicrobial stewardship in acute care centres: a survey of 68 hospitals in quebec. | antimicrobial stewardship programs (asps) and quantitative monitoring of antimicrobial use are required to ensure that antimicrobials are used appropriately in the acute care setting, and have the potential to reduce costs and limit the spread of antimicrobial-resistant organisms and clostridium difficile. currently, it is not known what proportion of quebec hospitals have an asp and/or monitor antimicrobial use. | 2008 | 19412381 |
| not all pseudomembranous colitis is caused by clostridium difficile. | 2008 | 19412385 | |
| genotypic investigation of clostridium difficile in prince edward island. | clostridium difficile is an important cause of disease in canada; however, little information is available about the disease in the maritime provinces. the objective of the present study was to characterize c difficile isolates obtained from people hospitalized with c difficile infection in prince edward island. one hundred twenty-six c difficile elisa toxin-positive stool samples were obtained and cultured using an enrichment protocol. c difficile was isolated from 105 of 126 (83%) samples. twe ... | 2008 | 19436570 |
| infectious disease. vancomycin should be the drug of choice for severe clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. | 2008 | 19107100 | |
| physical and chemical factors influencing the germination of clostridium difficile spores. | to investigate the influence of chemical and physical factors on the rate and extent of germination of clostridium difficile spores. | 2008 | 19120667 |
| [diagnostics and therapy of chronic diarrhea in elderly people]. | 2008 | 19130728 | |
| feasibility and tolerability of probiotics for prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in hospitalized us military veterans. | probiotics may be efficacious for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. the tolerability and acceptability of probiotics in an elderly us veteran population has not been assessed. | 2008 | 19138244 |
| [the frequency of clostridium difficile toxin in neutropenic and non-neutropenic patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea and analysis of the risk factors]. | this study was carried out in order to investigate the frequency of clostridium difficile toxin in the stool samples of hospitalized 74 neutropenic (mean age: 41.78 +/- 14.3 years; 40 male) and 75 non-neutropenic patients (mean age: 44.09 +/- 15.6 years; 30 male) who developed antibiotic-associated diarrhea between january 2003-september 2004 in a university hospital and also to analyze the related risk factors. c. difficile toxin a and toxin a/b were searched by immunochromatographic method (to ... | 2008 | 19149078 |
| c. difficile rates in hospital higher than expected. | 2008 | 19227581 | |
| emerging insights into antibiotic-associated diarrhea and clostridium difficile infection through the lens of microbial ecology. | antibiotics are the main, and often only, clinical intervention for prophylactic and active treatment of bacterial infections in humans. perhaps it is not surprising that these drugs also shift the composition of commensal bacteria inside our bodies, especially those within the gut microbial community (microbiota). how these dynamics ultimately affect the function of the gut microbiota, however, is not fully appreciated. likewise, how antibiotic induced changes facilitate the outgrowth and patho ... | 2008 | 19277109 |
| revolutionizing the practice of medicine through rapid (< 1h) dna-based diagnostics. | twenty years ago, i dreamed of using dna detection for speeding the microbiological identification of microorganisms from two days to less than one hour. this dream is slowly becoming a reality as we were the first to develop and put on the market real-time pcr assays, approved by the united states food and drug administration and health canada, for the detection of several pathogens including group b streptococci, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci and ... | 2008 | 18980716 |
| laboratory-acquired clostridium difficile polymerase chain reaction ribotype 027: a new risk for laboratory workers? | 2008 | 18986267 | |
| [infections in coloproctology from a microbiologist's view]. | 2008 | 18988479 | |
| [clostridium difficile colitis]. | the authors present a detailed study of clostridium difficile-induced conditions and desribe their pathogenesis, diagnostics, and treatment. considering the extensive use of antibiotics and increasing numbers of immunocompromized patients, it can be expected that surgeons will face this infection, which was practically unknown a few years ago, more often in future. based on the above facts, the authors consider important to inform the surgical profession about the problematics. | 2008 | 18988483 |
| expression of recombinant clostridium difficile toxin a and b in bacillus megaterium. | major clostridium difficile virulence factors are the exotoxins tcda and tcdb. due to the large size and poor stability of the proteins, the active recombinant tcda and tcdb have been difficult to produce. | 2008 | 18990232 |
| constructing a multimedia resource for managing clostridium difficile: feedback on effectiveness. | 2008 | 18991997 | |
| induction of toxins in clostridium difficile is associated with dramatic changes of its metabolism. | certain amino acids, and cysteine in particular, promptly blocked toxin expression in clostridium difficile strain vpi 10463 when added to late-exponential-phase peptone-yeast cultures, i.e. prior to normal induction of toxins a and b. glucose reduced toxin yields by 80-fold, but only when supplemented at inoculation. forty upregulated c. difficile proteins were identified during maximum toxin expression, and most of these were enzymes involved in energy exchange, e.g. succinate, co/folate and b ... | 2008 | 18957596 |
| clostridium difficile--more difficult than ever. | 2008 | 18971494 | |
| metchnikoff and the centenary of probiotics: an update of their use in gastroenteric pathology during the age of development. | acute gastroenteritis, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, diarrhea due to clostridium difficile and traveller's diarrhea, helicobacter pylori infection and intestinal inflammatory diseases are primitive and/or secondary pathological conditions that alter the intestinal mucosa and microbiota. for years researchers have searched for solutions to restore and rebalance normal transit and intestinal flora. elia metchnikoff was the first one to introduce oral bacteriotherapy, that uses very efficient mic ... | 2008 | 18971903 |
| proton pump inhibitors are an independent risk factor for an increased length of hospital stay in patients with clostridium difficile infection. | 2008 | 18974472 | |
| infection control. a clean bill of health. | lat year the health commission detailed findings that contributed to two infection outbreaks at the kent trust. c difficile rates within the trust in the first quarter of this year were 73 per cent lower than in 20007 plans to set up a 200-strong patient council to give feedback to the board are underway. the trust is projecting a financial deficit of pound 3.8m for the current year. staff recruitment has been largely unaffected by the bad publicity and changes within the organisation. | 2008 | 18975411 |
| clostridium difficile infection. | 2008 | 18975492 | |
| [intestinal colonization and nosocomial spread of clostridium difficile in pediatric cancer patients under long-term hospitalization]. | clostridium difficile is a major causative agent of antimicrobial-associated diarrhea, and the leading cause of nosocomial diarrhea. we clarified intestinal colonization and nosocomial spread of c. difficile in pediatric cancer patients undergoing antineoplastic therapy during long-term hospitalization. subjects were 10 children with pediatric malignant diseases admitted from november 2005 to december 2006, aged 5 to 15 years, who received antineoplastic agents. stool specimens were examined at ... | 2008 | 18975584 |
| growth and geographic variation in hospitalizations with resistant infections, united states, 2000-2005. | from 2000 through 2005, hospitalizations with resistant infections (methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, clostridium difficile-associated disease, vancomycin-resistant enterococcus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and candida infection) nearly doubled, from 499,702 to 947,393. regional variations noted in the aggregate and by individual infection may help clarify modifiable risk factors driving these infections. | 2008 | 18976563 |
| diagnosis of clostridium difficile infection by toxin detection kits: a systematic review. | clostridium difficile can be a fatal hospital-acquired infection and its prevalence has increased. accurate diagnosis of c difficile is essential for patient management, infection control, and for defining its epidemiology. we did a systematic review of commonly used commercial assays for detection of c difficile toxin (cdt) a and b in stool samples. by comparison of detection of cdt in cell culture with or without selective culture for c difficile, the median sensitivities and specificities (iq ... | 2008 | 18977696 |
| first isolation of clostridium difficile pcr-ribotype 027/toxinotype iii in poland. | of 175 clostridium difficile strains isolated from patient hospitalized in one academic hospital in warsaw between 2005-2006, one isolate belonged to pcr-ribotype 027/toxinotype iii. this isolate had tcda, tcdb, binary toxin genes (cdta and cdtb), a 18-bp deletion and a 1 bp deletion at 117 position in the tcdc gene. antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed high level resistance to erythromycin, moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin. this is a first report of the 027 strain of c. difficile in poland. | 2008 | 19004250 |
| advances in epidemiology and diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases. | the etiology of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (ibd) remains unknown. understanding ibd epidemiology helps to identify at-risk individuals, to appreciate the changing demographic profile of ibd, and to interpret theories of ibd pathogenesis. this article reviews recent advances in epidemiology and diagnostics. the importance of clostridium difficile is highlighted. state-of-the-art ibd diagnostic modalities include serology, fecal markers, and advanced radiologic or endoscopic techniques. t ... | 2008 | 19006614 |
| the acquisition and outcome of icu-acquired clostridium difficile infection in a single centre in the uk. | the clinical course and outcome of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in the intensive care unit (icu) setting have been reported in a small number of studies in the us and canada. however, no such study has been reported in the uk. therefore, we aimed to study the acquisition rate and outcome of icu-acquired cdis in our unit. | 2008 | 19013649 |
| fairness of financial penalties to improve control of clostridium difficile. | 2008 | 19022838 | |
| [hospital-acquired clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea]. | clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad) is common among hospital-acquired bacterial diarrhea, its mortality and morbidity show an increasing trend in recent years. improper antimicrobial drug use is one of the key reasons. adequate hand hygiene of healthcare workers, thorough disinfection of hospital environment, and appropriate isolation of patients are effective measures to prevent the outbreak of hospital-aquired cdad. | 2008 | 19024399 |
| molecular and clinical characteristics of clostridium difficile infection in a university hospital in shanghai, china. | 2008 | 19025371 | |
| prospective multicenter study evaluating fecal calprotectin in adult acute bacterial diarrhea. | every year, about 2.2 million deaths occur worldwide due to diarrhea. reliable diagnosis of patients with acute infectious diarrhea remains a formidable challenge to the clinicians. this is the first study reporting use of fecal calprotectin in diagnosing acute diarrhea. the aim was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of fecal calprotectin, fecal lactoferrin, and guaiac-based fecal occult blood test in a diverse group of consecutive patients with acute diarrhea in which routine bacterial stool cu ... | 2008 | 19028207 |
| the success of nhs goals will depend on the professional development of nurses. | 2008 | 19014125 | |
| high diversity of clostridium difficile genotypes isolated from a single poultry farm producing replacement laying hens. | clostridium difficile is well established as a pathogen of horses, calves, and pigs, but little is known about its prevalence in poultry. in this study, chicken fecal samples were collected on four occasions from two populations being raised as layer replacements. samples were examined by an enrichment culture method, and 38 of 61 (62.3%) were culture positive. the rate of colonization seemed to be age dependent: 100% of fecal samples from 2-week- old birds were culture positive, and the coloniz ... | 2008 | 19022388 |
| mobility and other predictors of hospitalization for urinary tract infection: a retrospective cohort study. | many hospitalizations for residents of skilled nursing facilities are potentially avoidable. factors that could prevent hospitalization for urinary tract infection (uti) were investigated, with focus on patient mobility. | 2008 | 19032784 |
| pain and palliative care pharmacotherapy literature summaries and analyses. | timely and important studies are reviewed and commentaries provided by leading palliative care clinicians. symptoms, interventions, mechanisms of action, and treatment-related adverse events addressed in this issue are: analgesia in the management of the acute abdomen; comparative antibiotic treatment of clostridium difficile; impact of weather on joint pain; treatment of constipation; and, risk of increased mortality with antipsychotics in dementia patients. | 2008 | 19042839 |
| prevention of the cytopathic effect induced by clostridium difficile toxin b by active rac1. | clostridium difficile toxin b (tcdb) glucosylates low molecular weight gtp-binding proteins of the rho subfamily and thereby causes actin re-organization (cell rounding). this "cytopathic effect" has been generally attributed to rhoa inactivation. here we show that cells expressing non-glucosylatable rac1-q61l are protected from the cytopathic effect of tcdb. in contrast, cells expressing rhoa-q63l or mock-transfected cells are fully susceptible for the cytopathic effect of tcdb. these findings ... | 2008 | 18848548 |
| a mouse model of clostridium difficile-associated disease. | infection with clostridium difficile causes nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhea and colitis. hamsters historically have been used to investigate disease pathogenesis and treatment, but are not ideal models because of the lack of hamster-specific reagents and genetically modified animals, and because they develop fulminant disease. the aim of this study was to establish a mouse model of antibiotic-induced c. difficile-associated disease (cdad) that more closely resembles human disease. | 2008 | 18848941 |
| descriptive study of selected healthcare-associated infections using national hospital episode statistics data 1996-2006 and comparison with mandatory reporting systems. | summary: using hospital episode statistics (hes) data from england for the period 1996-2006, we performed a descriptive study to compare records of clostridium difficile for inpatients aged >or=65 years and for all patients following any of four types of orthopaedic procedures. results showed that infection rates for c. difficile increased whereas rates for orthopaedic surgical site infections (ssis) decreased. both types of infection were more common in older female patients and in patients wit ... | 2008 | 18849092 |
| clostridium difficile: preventing epidemic outbreaks in home health. | clostridium difficile is not affected by alcohol-based hand rubs or most cleaning solutions. as a result, it spreads quickly and easily. spores can survive for months on environmental surfaces. epidemics of hypervirulent mutations in the united states, canada, and europe are causing life-threatening infections, with rising mortality rates. this article aims to teach home health clinicians what they need to know to protect patients, families, themselves, and the community beyond the patient's hom ... | 2008 | 18849725 |
| clinical review of the management of fulminant clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality among elderly hospitalized patients. a small but increasing number of patients have developed fulminant cdi, and a significant number of these patients require emergency colectomy. in this review, we discuss the risk factors, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of fulminant cdi. | 2008 | 18853982 |
| new agents for clostridium difficile-associated disease. | clostridia-derived diseases, in particular c. difficile-associated disease (cdad), have been increasing in incidence, severity, and morbidity. the mainstay of treatment options has relied upon metronidazole and vancomycin, but these treatments routinely result in high relapse rates (20%) and, in the case of metronidazole, decreasing efficacy. | 2008 | 18922104 |
| alcohol-based rubs for hand antisepsis. | 2008 | 18922477 | |
| clostridium difficile colitis: wash your hands before stopping the proton pump inhibitor. | proton pump inhibitors (ppis) have revolutionized the management of acid-related disorders. the potential adverse effects related to ppi use fall into four main categories: idiosyncratic reactions, drug-drug interactions, drug-induced reflex hypergastrinemia, and drug-induced hypochlorhydria. clostridium difficile (c. difficile) colitis, an epidemic of major importance among hospitalized individuals, is potentially facilitated by the fourth mechanism in ppi users. this article interprets the res ... | 2008 | 18924259 |
| distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of clostridium difficile pcr ribotypes in english hospitals, 2007-08. | a surveillance study designed to provide a representative sample of the strains of clostridium difficile causing infections in hospitals in england was in operation from april 2007 to the end of march 2008. six hundred and seventy-seven isolates were obtained from 186 hospitals in the nine geographical regions of england as recognised by the health protection agency's regional microbiology network. typing studies revealed that pcr ribotype 027 is now the most common strain isolated from symptoma ... | 2008 | 18926105 |
| ozone gas is an effective and practical antibacterial agent. | bacterial infections continue to pose a threat to health in many institutional and communal settings, and epidemics are frequent. current control measures are clearly inadequate; thus, there is a need for a simple, effective, and safe way to decontaminate surfaces. | 2008 | 18926308 |
| characterization of clostridium difficile isolates using capillary gel electrophoresis-based pcr ribotyping. | we have developed a clostridium difficile pcr ribotyping method based on capillary gel electrophoresis and have compared it with conventional pcr ribotyping. a total of 146 c. difficile isolates were studied: five isolates were reference strains (pcr ribotypes 001, 014, 017, 027 and 053); 141 were clinical isolates comprising 39 austrian pcr ribotypes collected in the period 2006-2007 at 25 austrian healthcare facilities. capillary gel electrophoresis yielded up to 11 fragments per isolate and 4 ... | 2008 | 18927415 |
| probiotics in allergy management. | the gut contains a diverse bacterial flora that is acquired at birth and has a number of physiological functions. administration of prebiotics or probiotics may favourably alter this gut microflora. prebiotics are poorly digested oligosaccharides that promote the growth of desirable bacteria and may have other beneficial gastrointestinal and systemic effects. probiotics are "helpful" human bacteria that provide a variety of health benefits when administered exogenously. probiotics produce benefi ... | 2008 | 18931598 |
| clostridium difficile-associated disease in human stem cell transplant recipients: coming epidemic or false alarm? | clostridium difficile is the most common cause of nosocomial diarrhea in the united states and europe, and is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients. a newly identified epidemic strain has been associated with many hospital outbreaks of c. difficile-associated disease (cdad), raising the concern of an escalating burden of cdad among at-risk patients. hematopoietic sct (hsct) recipients are known to be at increased risk for a wide variety of infectious complica ... | 2008 | 18836490 |
| successful treatment of clostridium difficile colitis with intravenous immunoglobulin. | 2008 | 18836636 | |
| nature's therapy for recurrent clostridium difficile diarrhea. interview by paul c. adams. | 2008 | 18837170 | |
| spectrum of clostridium difficile infections outside health care facilities. | 2008 | 18838443 | |
| patterns of antibiotic use and risk of hospital admission because of clostridium difficile infection. | previous observations have indicated that infection with clostridium difficile occurs almost exclusively after exposure to antibiotics, but more recent observations have suggested that prior antibiotic exposure may be less frequent among cases of community-acquired disease. | 2008 | 18838451 |
| strategies to prevent clostridium difficile infections in acute care hospitals. | 2008 | 18840091 | |
| lactobacillus plantarum 299v reduces colonisation of clostridium difficile in critically ill patients treated with antibiotics. | the incidence of clostridium difficile-associated disease (cdad) in hospitalised patients is increasing. critically ill patients are often treated with antibiotics and are at a high risk of developing cdad. lactobacillus plantarum 299v (lp299v) has been found to reduce recurrence of cdad. we investigated intensive care unit (icu) patients with respect to the impact of lp299v on c. difficile colonisation and on gut permeability and parameters of inflammation and infection in that context. | 2008 | 18840110 |
| the adiponectin receptors adipor1 and adipor2 activate erk1/2 through a src/ras-dependent pathway and stimulate cell growth. | adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived cytokine that has attracted much attention because of its insulin-sensitizing effects in liver and skeletal muscle. two adiponectin receptors, adipor1/r2, have been cloned, but relatively little is known about their intracellular signaling mechanisms. we found that full-length adiponectin rapidly and robustly activates the erk1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in primary vascular smooth muscle, vascular endothelial cells, and hepatocytes. in a hek293 ... | 2008 | 18842004 |
| [epidemiological study of clostridium difficile strains isolated in jean-verdier-rené-muret hospitals from 2001 to 2007]. | clostridium difficile is the most common agent of nosocomial bacterial diarrhoea in adults. in 2006, c. difficile outbreaks were described in france with the highly virulent strain pcr-ribotype 027, which is also resistant to moxifloxacin and erythromycin. the aim of this study is to perform a phenotypic and molecular characterization of c. difficile strains isolated in jean-verdier-rené-muret hospitals. thirty three c. difficile toxigenic strains isolated in symptomatic patients from 2001 to 20 ... | 2008 | 18842360 |
| [the use of bundles in clinical practice]. | a bundle is a small, straightforward set of scientifically grounded elements (generally three to five) that, when implemented together, result in better outcomes than when implemented individually. bundles have found their greatest application in the prevention of healthcare-associated infections (hais). the bundles examined concern the prevention of vap for patients undergoing mechanical ventilation, the prevention of bsi cvc, the prevention of surgical side infection (ssi), the prevention of c ... | 2008 | 18843209 |
| development and application of the active surveillance of pathogens microarray to monitor bacterial gene flux. | human and animal health is constantly under threat by emerging pathogens that have recently acquired genetic determinants that enhance their survival, transmissibility and virulence. we describe the construction and development of an active surveillance of pathogens (asp) oligonucleotide microarray, designed to 'actively survey' the genome of a given bacterial pathogen for virulence-associated genes. | 2008 | 18844996 |
| [antimicrobial susceptibility of clostridium difficile clinical isolates collected from 2001 to 2007 in a french university hospital]. | the aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibilities of clostridium difficile clinical isolates obtained from symptomatic patients suffering from diarrhoea. | 2008 | 18845403 |
| evaluation of repeat clostridium difficile enzyme immunoassay testing. | clostridium difficile is the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis, which have significant morbidity and mortality. accurate and timely diagnosis is critical. repeat enzyme immunoassay testing for c. difficile toxin has been recommended because of <100% sensitivity. all c. difficile tests between 1 january 2006 and 31 december 2006 were retrospectively analyzed for results and testing patterns. the wampole c. difficile tox a/b ii enzyme immunoassay kit was ... | 2008 | 18845820 |
| finding the gaps: an assessment of infection control surveillance needs in british columbia acute care facilities. | this paper reports on an infection prevention and control surveillance survey of acute care facilities (acfs) performed by the provincial infection control network of british columbia. | 2008 | 18945521 |
| [percutaneous endoscopic colostomy for treatment of an antibiotic-induced pseudomembranous colitis]. | a 61-year-old man was admitted with diffuse abdominal pain and diarrhea for one week. a few weeks before admission he had been given antibiotics for an exacerbation of his chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. on physical examination he presented with bronchospasm, abdominal tenderness, active bowel sounds and slight edema in both legs. | 2008 | 18946851 |
| antibiotic stewardship and clostridium difficile-associated disease. | 2008 | 18947324 | |
| meta-analysis to assess risk factors for recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | summary: clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the most common cause of hospital-acquired diarrhoea. it is estimated that 15-20% of patients experience recurrence of cdi. a limited number of studies have looked at the risk factors for recurrent cdi. we conducted a meta-analysis of observational studies and randomised controlled trials (rcts) to assess risk factors for recurrent cdi. studies were identified using the pubmed database and search terms 'clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea' ... | 2008 | 18951661 |
| keeping watch over the staphylococcus. | 2008 | 18952322 | |
| clostridium difficile infection in solid organ transplant recipients. | to provide a general understanding of clostridium difficile infection with a focus on recent publications that evaluate the disease in solid organ transplant recipients. | 2008 | 19060548 |
| c. difficile: a dangerous threat. | 2008 | 19065929 | |
| could clostridium difficile delay dental treatment for geriatric patients? | 2008 | 19068062 |