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a myb gene from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is up-regulated during salt and drought stresses and differentially regulated between salt-tolerant and sensitive genotypes.crop adaptation to abiotic stresses requires alterations in expression of a large number of stress protection genes and their regulators, including transcription factors. in this study, the expression levels of ten myb transcription factor genes from wheat (triticum aestivum) were examined in two recombinant inbred lines contrasting in their salt tolerance in response to salt or drought stress. quantitative rt-pcr analysis revealed that four myb genes were consistently up-regulated in the seedli ...201020490502
sodium exclusion qtl associated with improved seedling growth in bread wheat under salinity stress.worldwide, dryland salinity is a major limitation to crop production. breeding for salinity tolerance could be an effective way of improving yield and yield stability on saline-sodic soils of dryland agriculture. however, this requires a good understanding of inheritance of this quantitative trait. in the present study, a doubled-haploid bread wheat population (berkut/krichauff) was grown in supported hydroponics to identify quantitative trait loci (qtl) associated with salinity tolerance traits ...201020490443
extraction and proteome analysis of starch granule-associated proteins in mature wheat kernel (triticum aestivum l.).starch consists of the two glucose polymers, amylose and amylopectin, and is deposited as semicrystalline granules inside plastids. the starch granule proteome is particularly challenging to study due to the amount of interfering compounds (sugars, storage proteins), the very low starch granule-associated protein content and also the dynamic range of abundant proteins. here we present the protocol for extraction and 2-de of wheat starch granule-associated proteins whose most important steps are: ...201020481496
the multiple origins of aluminium resistance in hexaploid wheat include aegilops tauschii and more recent cis mutations to taalmt1.acid soils limit plant production worldwide because their high concentrations of soluble aluminium cations (al(3+) ) inhibit root growth. major food crops such as wheat (triticum aestivum l.) have evolved mechanisms to resist al(3+) toxicity, thus enabling wider distribution. the origins of al(3+) resistance in wheat are perplexing because all progenitors of this hexaploid species are reportedly sensitive to al(3+) stress. the large genotypic variation for al(3+) resistance in wheat is largely c ...201020804458
[intergenomic chromosome substitutions in wheat interspecific hybrids and their use in the development of a genetic nomenclature of triticum timopheevii chromosomes].the results of analysis of the genome formation in interspecific hybrids of triticum aestivum with t. timopheevii are reviewed. the spectra of substitutions and rearrangements are shown to depend on the genotypes of the parental forms and on the direction of selection. the frequencies of substitutions of individual t. timopheevii chromosomes significantly vary and reflect the level of their divergence relative to the common wheat chromosomes. some aspects of classification of the a(t)- and g-gen ...201020795491
[analysis of storage proteins (prolamines, puroindolines and waxy) in common wheat lines triticum aestivum l. x (triticum timopheevii zhuk. x triticum tauschii) with complex resistance to fungal infections].storage proteins (prolamines, puroindolines, and waxy) were studied in common wheat introgression lines obtained with the use of the saratovskaya 29 (s29) cultivar line and synthetic hexaploid wheat (triticum timopheevii zhuk. x t. tauschii) (sintetik, sin.) and displaying complex resistance to fungal infections. comparative analysis of storage proteins in the introgression lines of common wheat triticum aestivum l. and in the parental forms revealed the only line (bc5) having a substitution at ...201020734767
characterization of photosystem ii heterogeneity in response to high salt stress in wheat leaves (triticum aestivum).the effect of high salt stress on ps ii heterogeneity was investigated in wheat (triticum aestivum) leaves. on the basis of antenna size, ps ii has been classified into three forms, i.e., α, β, and γ centers while on the basis of electron transport properties of the reducing side of the reaction centers, two distinct forms of ps ii have been suggested, i.e., q(b) reducing centers and q(b) non-reducing centers. the chlorophyll a (chl a) fluorescence transients, which can quantify ps ii behavior, ...201020730564
the ectopic expression of the wheat puroindoline genes increase germ size and seed oil content in transgenic corn.plant oil content and composition improvement is a major goal of plant breeding and biotechnology. the puroindoline a and b (pina and pinb) proteins together control whether wheat seeds are soft or hard textured and share a similar structure to that of plant non-specific lipid-transfer proteins. here we transformed corn (zea mays l.) with the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) puroindoline genes (pina and pinb) to assess their effects upon seed oil content and quality. pina and pinb coding sequences w ...201020725765
assessment of genetic diversity among syrian durum (triticum turgidum ssp. durum) and bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using ssr markers.genetic diversity among 49 wheat varieties (37 durum and 12 bread wheat) was assayed using 32 microsatellites representing 34 loci covering almost the whole wheat genome. the polymorphic information content (pic) across the tested loci ranged from 0 to 0.88 with average values of 0.57 and 0.65 for durum and bread wheat respectively. b genome had the highest mean number of alleles (10.91) followed by a genome (8.3) whereas d genome had the lowest number (4.73). the correlation between pic and all ...201021254727
overexpression of a common wheat gene tasnrk2.8 enhances tolerance to drought, salt and low temperature in arabidopsis.drought, salinity and low temperatures are major factors limiting crop productivity and quality. sucrose non-fermenting1-related protein kinase 2 (snrk2) plays a key role in abiotic stress signaling in plants. in this study, tasnrk2.8, a snrk2 member in wheat, was cloned and its functions under multi-stress conditions were characterized. subcellular localization showed the presence of tasnrk2.8 in the cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus. expression pattern analyses in wheat revealed that tasnrk ...201021209856
production of wheat-psathyrostachys huashanica chromosome addition lines.psathyrostachys huashanica keng (2n = 14; n(h)n(h)) is an endangered wheat-related species, with a distribution in the huashan region of central china. it has many agronomically promising characters including resistance to disease and drought and winter hardiness. we produced hybrids between common wheat as the female parent and p. huashanica as the male parent. from the offspring, we selected chromosome addition lines of common wheat carrying each of all seven chromosomes of p. huashanica. four ...201021178308
heavy metal accumulation in soil amended with roadside pond sediment and uptake by winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. pbw 343).the risks of heavy metal accumulation and the dynamics related to roadside pond sediment application in comparison to control of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were investigated in field experiments. selective sequential extraction procedures revealed that application of pond sediment in soil increases the labile pools of the studied heavy metals (cd, cr, cu, ni, pb, and zn). risk assessment codes concluded that cu and pb were in the high-risk zone in both pond sediment and soil amended wit ...201021170482
characterization of a partial wheat-thinopyrum intermedium amphiploid and its reaction to fungal diseases of wheat.partial amphiploids between wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and thinopyrum species play an important role in the transfer and use of traits from alien species. a wheat-thinopyrum intermedium partial amphiploid, tai8335, and its alien parent were characterized by a combination of genomic in situ hybridization (gish) and cytological observations. evidence from gish indicated that the donor parent th. intermedium possessed seven pairs of s, seven j(s) and 21 j chromosomes. mitotic observation showed t ...201021166800
comparison of organic and inorganic amendments for enhancing soil lead phytoextraction by wheat (triticum aestivum l.).phytoextraction has received increasing attention as a promising, cost-effective alternative to conventional engineering-based remediation methods for metal contaminated soils. in order to enhance the phytoremediative ability of green plants chelating agents are commonly used. our study aims to evaluate whether, citric acid (ca) or elemental sulfur (s) should be used as an alternative to the ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (edta)for chemically enhanced phytoextraction. results showed that edta ...201021166273
random chromosome elimination in synthetic triticum-aegilops amphiploids leads to development of a stable partial amphiploid with high grain micro- and macronutrient content and powdery mildew resistance.synthetic amphiploids are the immortal sources for studies on crop evolution, genome dissection, and introgression of useful variability from related species. cytological analysis of synthetic decaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) - aegilops kotschyi boiss. amphiploids (aabbddukuksksk) showed some univalents from the c1 generation onward followed by chromosome elimination. most of the univalents came to metaphase i plate after the reductional division of paired chromosomes and underwent equatio ...201021164538
population- and genome-specific patterns of linkage disequilibrium and snp variation in spring and winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.).single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) are ideally suited for the construction of high-resolution genetic maps, studying population evolutionary history and performing genome-wide association mapping experiments. here, we used a genome-wide set of 1536 snps to study linkage disequilibrium (ld) and population structure in a panel of 478 spring and winter wheat cultivars (triticum aestivum) from 17 populations across the united states and mexico.201021190581
stability of some quality traits in bread wheat (triticum aestivum) genotypes.this study was carried out in order to determine some quality traits such as thousand grain weight (tgw), hectoliter weight (hw), grain protein content (gpc), zeleny sedimentation volume (zsv) and stability of quality traits of 25 bread wheat genotypes. the experiment was conducted at seven environmental conditions during 2 growing periods (2003-2004 and 2004-2005) using randomized complete block design with four replicates. the anova showed that out of the total sum of squares, 48.4, 28.0 and 2 ...201021186725
storage products and transcriptional analysis of the endosperm of cultivated wheat and two wild wheat species.the starch and protein in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) endosperm provide 20 percent of the calories eaten by humans and were heavily selected for during domestication. we examined the main storage products and gene expression patterns that may embody compositional differences between two wild species aegilops crassa and aegilops tauschii and cultivated bread wheat. the storage product profiles differed significantly with t. aestivum accumulating twice as much carbon as the wild species, while th ...201021063061
qtl mapping of 1000-kernel weight, kernel length, and kernel width in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).kernel size and morphology influence the market value and milling yield of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (qtls) controlling kernel traits in hexaploid wheat. we recorded 1000-kernel weight, kernel length, and kernel width for 185 recombinant inbred lines from the cross rye selection 111 × chinese spring grown in 2 agro-climatic regions in india for many years. composite interval mapping (cim) was employed for qtl det ...201021063060
characterization of ω-secalin genes from rye, triticale, and a wheat 1bl/1rs translocation line.sixty-two dna sequences for the coding regions of omega-secalin (ω-secalin) genes have been characterized from rye (secale cereale l.), hexaploid and octoploid triticale (× triticosecale wittmack), and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) 1bl/1rs translocation line. only 19 out of the 62 ω-secalin gene sequences were full-length open reading frames (orfs), which can be expressed into functional proteins. the other 43 dna sequences were pseudogenes, as their orfs were interrupted by one or a few stop cod ...201021063058
differences in root functions during long-term drought adaptation: comparison of active gene sets of two wheat genotypes.in an attempt to shed light on the role of root systems in differential responses of wheat genotypes to long-term water limitation, transcriptional differences between two wheat genotypes (triticum aestivum l., cv. plainsman v and landrace kobomugi) were identified during adaptation to moderate water stress at the tillering stage. differences in organ sizes, water-use efficiency and seed production were detected in plants grown in soil, and root functions were characterised by expression profili ...201021040302
carbohydrate structural analysis of wheat flour arabinogalactan protein.the water-extractable arabinogalactan protein (agp) was isolated from bread wheat flour (triticum aestivum l. variety cadenza) and the structure of the arabinogalactan (ag) carbohydrate component was studied. oligosaccharides, released by hydrolysis of the ag with a range of agp-specific enzymes, were characterised by matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation (maldi)-time of flight (tof)-mass spectrometry (ms), maldi-tof/tof high energy collision induced dissociation (cid) and polysaccharide a ...201020971454
a novel ta.agp.s.1b transcript in chinese common wheat (triticum aestivum l.).adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase (agpase), the key enzyme of starch synthesis in plants, is composed of two small and two large subunits, and has plastidial and cytosolic isoforms. in kernels of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and barley (hordeum vulgare l.), transcripts for cytosolic (ta.agp.s1a) and plastidial (ta.agp.s1b) small subunits of agpase were encoded by the same gene (ta.agp.s.1) by use of the alternative first exons. in this study, a cdna sequence (1631 bp) [ncbi: eu586278] encoding a nov ...201020965441
chromosome elimination by wide hybridization between triticeae or oat plant and pearl millet: pearl millet chromosome dynamics in hybrid embryo cells.wide crossing is one of a number of practical methods that can be used to expand genetic variation in common wheat (triticum aestivum). however, in crosses between wheat and distantly related species such as maize (zea mays) and pearl millet (pennisetum glaucum), non-wheat chromosomes are often eliminated from the hybrid during embryogenesis. in this study, we used pearl millet pollen to pollinate the pistils of a range of plants in the tribe triticeae, as well as oat. seven days after pollinati ...201020953694
genomic distribution of quantitative trait loci for yield and yield-related traits in common wheat.a major objective of quantitative trait locus (qtl) studies is to find genes/markers that can be used in breeding programs via marker assisted selection (mas). we surveyed the qtls for yield and yield-related traits and their genomic distributions in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in the available published reports. we then carried out a meta-qtl (mqtl) analysis to identify the major and consistent qtls for these traits. in total, 55 mqtls were identified, of which 12 significant mqtls were ...201020977657
new insights into the organization, recombination, expression and functional mechanism of low molecular weight glutenin subunit genes in bread wheat.the bread-making quality of wheat is strongly influenced by multiple low molecular weight glutenin subunit (lmw-gs) proteins expressed in the seeds. however, the organization, recombination and expression of lmw-gs genes and their functional mechanism in bread-making are not well understood. here we report a systematic molecular analysis of lmw-gs genes located at the orthologous glu-3 loci (glu-a3, b3 and d3) of bread wheat using complementary approaches (genome wide characterization of gene me ...201020975830
glomus africanum and g. iranicum, two new species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (glomeromycota).two new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species (glomeromycota) of genus glomus, g. africanum and g. iranicum, are described and illustrated. both species formed spores in loose clusters and singly in soil and g. iranicum sometimes inside roots. g. africanum spores are pale yellow to brownish yellow, globose to subglobose, (60-)87(-125) μm diam, sometimes ovoid to irregular, 80-110 x 90-140 μm. the spore wall consists of a semipermanent, hyaline, outer layer and a laminate, smooth, pale yellow to ...201020943558
[effects of shading on the nitrogen redistribution in wheat plant and the wheat grain quality].taking winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars yangmai 158 (shading-tolerant) and yangmai 11 (shading-sensitive) as test materials, this paper studied the effects of shading at the stages from jointing to maturity on the plant n redistribution, grain yield, and grain- and dough quality of the cultivars. the treatments were non-shading, 22% shading, and 33% shading. under shading, the grain yield and its protein content of yangmai 158 and yangmai 11 decreased by 4.1%-9.9% and 3.0%-8.3%, and ...201020879528
allelic variations in glu-1 and glu-3 loci of historical and modern iranian bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars.proline and glutamine-rich wheat seed endosperm proteins are collectively referred to as prolamins. they are comprised of hmw-gss, lmw-gss and gliadins. hmw-gss are major determinants of gluten elasticity and lmw-gss considerably affect dough extensibility and maximum dough resistance. the inheritance of glutenin subunits follows mendelian genetics with multiple alleles in each locus. identification of the banding patterns of glutenin subunits could be used as an estimate for screening high qual ...201020861570
susceptibility of various life stages of rhyzopertha dominica (coleoptera: bostrichidae) to flameless catalytic infrared radiation.in laboratory experiments, a flameless catalytic infrared emitter, fueled by propane, was used to disinfest hard red winter wheat, triticum aestivum l., containing different life stages of the lesser grain borer, rhyzopertha dominica (f.), an economically important insect species associated with stored wheat in kansas. the emitter generates infrared radiation in the 3-7-microm range. the life stages of r. dominica exposed to infrared radiation included eggs, larvae in different stages of develop ...201020857767
biotypic diversity in greenbug (hemiptera: aphididae): microsatellite-based regional divergence and host-adapted differentiation.nineteen isolates of the cereal aphid pest greenbug, schizaphis graminum (rondani) (hemiptera: aphididae), were collected from wheat, triticum aestivum l.; barley, hordeum vulgare l.; or noncultivated grass hosts in five locations from colorado and wyoming. parthenogenetic colonies were established. biotypic profiles of the 19 isolates were determined based on their abilities to damage a set of host plant differentials, and 13 new biotypes were identified. genetic diversity among the 19 isolates ...201020857761
apoplastic ascorbate contributes to the differential ozone sensitivity in two varieties of winter wheat under fully open-air field conditions.we studied leaf apoplastic ascorbates in relation to ozone (o(3)) sensitivity in two winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) varieties: yangfumai 2 (y2) and yangmai 16 (y16). the plants were exposed to elevated o(3) concentration 27% higher than the ambient o(3) concentration in a fully open-air field from tillering stage until final maturity. the less sensitive variety y16 had higher concentration of reduced ascorbate in the apoplast and leaf tissue by 33.5% and 12.0%, respectively, than those in t ...201020855141
molecular analysis of phosphomannomutase (pmm) genes reveals a unique pmm duplication event in diverse triticeae species and the main pmm isozymes in bread wheat tissues.phosphomannomutase (pmm) is an essential enzyme in eukaryotes. however, little is known about pmm gene and function in crop plants. here, we report molecular evolutionary and biochemical analysis of pmm genes in bread wheat and related triticeae species.201020920368
metabolic fate of [¹⁴c]diuron and [¹⁴c]linuron in wheat (triticum aestivum) and radish (raphanus sativus).metabolism of xenobiotics in plants usually occurs in three phases, phase i (primary metabolism), phase ii (conjugation processes), and phase iii (storage). the uptake and metabolism of [(14)c]diuron and [(14)c]linuron were investigated in wheat and radish. seeds were sown in quartz sand and irrigated with a nutrient solution of either radioactive herbicide. plants were harvested after two weeks, and metabolites were extracted and then analyzed by radio-reverse-high-performance liquid chromatogr ...201020886880
lead-induced phytotoxicity mechanism involved in seed germination and seedling growth of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).the mechanism of lead-inhibitory effects on seed germination and seedling growth was investigated in wheat cv. xihan 2 subjected to different pb(no(3))(2) concentrations. high concentrations of lead and exogenous h(2)o(2) significantly inhibited seed germination and the growth of roots and shoots. dimethylthiourea, catalase or diphenylene iodonium could reverse lead-inhibitory effects on seed germination. significant elevated h(2)o(2) generation was observed in germinating seeds exposed to lead. ...201020833428
isolation and characterization of a gene encoding a polyethylene glycol-induced cysteine protease in common wheat.plant cysteine protease (cp) genes are induced by abiotic stresses such as drought, yet their functions remain largely unknown. we isolated the full-length cdna encoding a triticum aestivum cp gene, designated tacp, from wheat by the rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) method. sequence analysis revealed that tacp contains an open reading frame encoding a protein of 362 amino acids, which is 96% identical to barley cysteine protease hvsf42. the tacp transcript level in wheat seedlings was upr ...201020826947
signaling events leading to red-light-induced suppression of photomorphogenesis in wheat (triticum aestivum).perception of red light (400 μmol photon m²/s) by the shoot bottom turned off the greening process in wheat. to understand the signaling cascade leading to this photomorphogenic response, certain signaling components were probed in seedlings grown in different light regimes. upon analysis the gene expression of heterotrimeric gα and gβ were severely down-regulated in seedlings grown without vermiculite and having their shoot bottom exposed to red light (r/v-) and was similar to that of dark-grow ...201020823341
prediction of genetic values of quantitative traits in plant breeding using pedigree and molecular markers.the availability of dense molecular markers has made possible the use of genomic selection (gs) for plant breeding. however, the evaluation of models for gs in real plant populations is very limited. this article evaluates the performance of parametric and semiparametric models for gs using wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and maize (zea mays) data in which different traits were measured in several environmental conditions. the findings, based on extensive cross-validations, indicate that models inc ...201020813882
abscisic acid and late embryogenesis abundant protein profile changes in winter wheat under progressive drought stress.three varieties (cv. pobeda, katya and sadovo) of winter wheat (triticum aestivum), differing in their agronomic characteristics, were analysed during progressive soil water stress and recovery at early vegetation stages. changes in abscisic acid content, sds-page and immunoblot profiles of proteins that remained soluble upon heating were monitored. initially higher aba content in control pobeda and katya corresponded to earlier expression of the studied late embryogenesis abundant (lea) protein ...201020701692
acclimation to frost alters proteolytic response of wheat seedlings to drought.a comparative examination of cysteine proteinases in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings differing in sensitivity to frost and drought revealed many similarities and differences in response to water deprivation. azocaseinolytic activity was enhanced under water deficiency, but the enhancement was significantly lower in the tolerant genotype (kobra cultivar). on the contrary, acclimation of wheat seedlings at low temperature had no effect on the proteolytic activity of the tolerant cult ...201020674076
structure-function relationships of wheat flavone o-methyltransferase: homology modeling and site-directed mutagenesis.wheat (triticum aestivum l.) o-methyltransferase (taomt2) catalyzes the sequential methylation of the flavone, tricetin, to its 3'-methyl- (selgin), 3',5'-dimethyl- (tricin) and 3',4',5'-trimethyl ether derivatives. tricin, a potential multifunctional nutraceutical, is the major enzyme reaction product. these successive methylations raised the question as to whether they take place in one, or different active sites. we constructed a 3-d model of this protein using the crystal structure of the hi ...201020670441
binding of sterols affects membrane functioning and sphingolipid composition in wheat roots.the present work was devoted to the exploration of the role of sterols in the functioning of membranes in root cells. membrane characteristics and composition of the membrane lipids in the roots of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings treated with exogenous cholesterol and antibiotic nystatin, which specifically binds with endogenous sterols, were analyzed. cholesterol caused a fall of membrane potential, acidification of the incubation medium, decrease in potassium leakage of roots, and incre ...201020632933
a glucurono(arabino)xylan synthase complex from wheat contains members of the gt43, gt47, and gt75 families and functions cooperatively.glucuronoarabinoxylans (gaxs) are the major hemicelluloses in grass cell walls, but the proteins that synthesize them have previously been uncharacterized. the biosynthesis of gaxs would require at least three glycosyltransferases (gts): xylosyltransferase (xylt), arabinosyltransferase (arat), and glucuronosyltransferase (glcat). a combination of proteomics and transcriptomics analyses revealed three wheat (triticum aestivum) glycosyltransferase (tagt) proteins from the gt43, gt47, and gt75 fami ...201020631319
the structural and photosynthetic characteristics of the exposed peduncle of wheat (triticum aestivum l.): an important photosynthate source for grain-filling.in wheat (triticum aestivum l), the flag leaf has been thought of as the main source of assimilates for grain growth, whereas the peduncle has commonly been thought of as a transporting organ. the photosynthetic characteristics of the exposed peduncle have therefore been neglected. in this study, we investigated the anatomical traits of the exposed peduncle during wheat grain ontogenesis, and we compared the exposed peduncle to the flag leaf with respect to chloroplast ultrastructure, photosyste ...201020618993
biochemical methane potential of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.): influence of growth stage and storage practice.the effect of growth stage at harvest and of storage practice on the biochemical methane potential (bmp) of winter wheat was investigated using batch-fed stirred mesophilic digesters. the wheat used was a single variety sown at the same time (autumn) and harvested at 3 different stages in its growth: medium milk (a), soft dough (b) and caryopsis (c). wheats (a and b) were ensiled whilst the later harvested material (c) with a higher dry matter content was treated by the alkalage process. the bmp ...201020598879
the signal effect of nitrate supply enhances active forms of cytokinins and indole acetic content and reduces abscisic acid in wheat plants grown with ammonium.ammonium can result in toxicity symptoms in many plants when supplied as a sole nitrogen source. nitrate reduces the negative effects caused by ammonium and promotes plant growth. in order to explore the mechanism responsible of this beneficial effect, we investigated whether nitrate application causes significant changes in the indoleacetic acid (iaa)- and cytokinin-plant distribution and abscisic acid (aba) accumulation in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) plants grown with ammonium. two different ...201020598773
quality differences between nils of wheat variety long 97-586 possessing hmw-gs 7+8 and 7.the high molecular weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gs) 7+8 were introduced into the long 97-586 (1, 7, 2+12) wheat variety (triticum aestivum) by 5 consecutive backcrosses with biochemical marker-assisted selection. nearly isogenic lines (nils) of hmw-gs 7 and 7+8 were obtained, and the nils were planted in the experimental field at the crop breeding institute of heilongjiang academy of agricultural science in 2004-2006. the field experiments were designed using the two-column contrast arrangement ...201020596839
hypersensitive response-like reaction is associated with hybrid necrosis in interspecific crosses between tetraploid wheat and aegilops tauschii coss.hybrid speciation is classified into homoploid and polyploid based on ploidy level. common wheat is an allohexaploid species that originated from a naturally occurring interploidy cross between tetraploid wheat and diploid wild wheat aegilops tauschii coss. aegilops tauschii provides wide naturally occurring genetic variation. sometimes its triploid hybrids with tetraploid wheat show the following four types of hybrid growth abnormalities: types ii and iii hybrid necrosis, hybrid chlorosis, and ...201020593003
delineating the structural, functional and evolutionary relationships of sucrose phosphate synthase gene family ii in wheat and related grasses.sucrose phosphate synthase (sps) is an important component of the plant sucrose biosynthesis pathway. in the monocotyledonous poaceae, five sps genes have been identified. here we present a detailed analysis of the wheat spsii family in wheat. a set of homoeologue-specific primers was developed in order to permit both the detection of sequence variation, and the dissection of the individual contribution of each homoeologue to the global expression of spsii.201020591144
genome-wide gene expression changes in genetically stable synthetic and natural wheat allohexaploids.*the present study aims to understand regulation of gene expression in synthetic and natural wheat (triticum aestivum) allohexaploids, that combines the ab genome of triticum turgidum and the d genome of aegilops tauschii; and which we have recently characterized as genetically stable. *we conducted a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of gene expression that allowed characterization of the effect of variability of the d genome progenitor, the intergenerational stability as well as the compariso ...201020591055
coronatine alleviates water deficiency stress on winter wheat seedlings.with the aim to determine whether coronatine (cor) alleviates drought stress on wheat, two winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars, changwu134 (drought-tolerant) and shan253 (drought-sensitive) were studied under hydroponic conditions. seedlings at the three-leaf stage were cultured in a hoagland solution containing cor at 0.1 microm for 24 h, and then exposed to 20% polyethylene glycol 6000 (peg-6000). under simulated drought (sd), cor increased the dry weight of shoots and roots of the t ...201020590992
identification and characterization of conserved micrornas and their target genes in wheat (triticum aestivum).micrornas (mirnas) are non-coding small rnas that regulate gene expression by translational repression or transcript degradation. a large number of mirnas have been identified from model plant species; however, the character of conserved mirnas is poorly understood. we studied 42 mirna families that are conserved within the plant kingdom, using the mirbase database. some conserved mirna families were found to be preferentially expressed in dicots relative to monocots, especially mir403, mir472 a ...201020589616
individual and combined effects of waterlogging and alkalinity on yield of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) imposed at three critical stages.response of wheat genotype hd 2329 to individual and combined effects of alkalinity and waterlogging (wl) at tillering, panicle emergence and anthesis stage was studied. both stresses increased na accumulation and reduced k uptake which leads to higher na(+)/k(+) ratio in the leaves. yield was decreased under all the stress treatments and highly correlated with na(+)/k(+) ratio at all the three growth stages (r = -0.83, -0.82 and -0.73, respectively) with maximum reduction under ph 9.4 + wl. inc ...201023572981
[genetic control of gliadin components in wheat triticum spelta l].the componental composition of electrophoretic spectra of gliadin in triticum spelta l. was studied. by analogy with common wheat t. aestivum l., it was established that genes controlling gliadin components in spelt are also located in short arms of chromosomes of homeological groups 1 and 6. analysis of gliadin spectra in f2 grains from the crosses k-20539 x ershovskaya 32 and k-20558 x ershovskaya 32 revealed linkage of some components and their grouping into blocks (alleles) of coinherited gl ...201020583599
comparison of low molecular weight glutenin subunits identified by sds-page, 2-de, maldi-tof-ms and pcr in common wheat.low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (lmw-gs) play a crucial role in determining end-use quality of common wheat by influencing the viscoelastic properties of dough. four different methods - sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de, ief x sds-page), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof-ms) and polymerase chain reaction (pcr), were used to characterize the lmw-gs composition ...201020573275
histological and microarray analysis of the direct effect of water shortage alone or combined with heat on early grain development in wheat (triticum aestivum).based on the in silico analysis of the representation of expressed sequence tags (ests) in wheat grain-related cdna libraries, a specific 15k oligonucleotide microarray has been developed in order to monitor environmental stress-dependent gene expression changes in the wheat caryopses. using this array, the effect of water withdrawal, with and without additional heat stress, has been investigated during the first five days of kernel development on two wheat cultivars differing in their drought s ...201020573045
variation of resistance in barley against biotypes 1 and 2 of the russian wheat aphid (hemiptera: aphididae).the russian wheat aphid, diruaphis noxia (kurdjumov) (hemiptera: aphididae), is globally one of the most devastating pests of bread wheat, tritium aestivum l.; durum wheat, triticum turgidum l.; and barley, hordeum vulgare l. host plant resistance is the foundation for cereal insect pest management programs, and several sources of d. noxia resistance have been incorporated in cultivars to manage d. noxia damage. the emergence of d. noxia north american biotype 2 (rwa2) in colorado has made all k ...201020568641
[cloning and phylogenetic analysis of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit genes at glu-b3 locus in common wheat relative species].the common wheat relative species are important germplasm for wheat breeding. in the present study, novel allelic variants at glu-b3 locus were cloned to provide gene resources for wheat quality improvement. four glu-b3-locus specific primer sets lb1f/lb1r, lb2f/lb2r, lb3f/lb3r, and lb4f/lb4r were employed to isolate novel allelic variants of glub3-1, glub3-2, glub3-3, and glub3-4 from seven common wheat relative species, i.e., t. durum, t. dicoccum, t. dicoccoides, aegilops longissima, ae. sear ...201020566466
antioxidant response of wheat roots to drought acclimation.wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings of a drought-resistant cv. c306 were subjected to severe water deficit directly or through stress cycles of increasing intensity with intermittent recovery periods. the antioxidant defense in terms of redox metabolites and enzymes in root cells and mitochondria was examined in relation to membrane damage. acclimated seedlings exhibited higher relative water content and were able to limit the accumulation of h(2)o(2) and membrane damage during subsequent sev ...201020559854
genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium studies on a 3.1-mb genomic region of chromosome 3b in european and asian bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) populations.genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium (ld) were investigated in 376 asian and european accessions of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). after a first and rapid screening about diversity and genetic structure at the whole genome scale using 70 simple sequence repeats (ssrs), we focused on a sequenced contig (ctg954) of 3.1 mb located on the short arm of chromosome 3b of cv. chinese spring, using 32 ssrs and 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms. this contig is part of a multiple fungal resis ...201020559816
meiotic restitution in wheat polyhaploids (amphihaploids): a potent evolutionary force.polyploidy is well recognized as a major force in plant speciation. among the polyploids in nature, allopolyploids are preponderant and include important crop plants like bread wheat, triticum aestivum l. (2n = 6x = 42; aabbdd genomes). allopolyploidy must result through concomitant or sequential events that entail interspecific or intergeneric hybridization and chromosome doubling in the resultant hybrids. to gain insight into the mechanism of evolution of wheat, we extracted polyhaploids of 2 ...201017416932
increasing sucrose uptake capacity of wheat grains stimulates storage protein synthesis.increasing grain sink strength by improving assimilate uptake capacity could be a promising approach toward getting higher yield. the barley (hordeum vulgare) sucrose transporter hvsut1 (sut) was expressed under control of the endosperm-specific hordein b1 promoter (ho). compared with the wild type, transgenic hosut grains take up more sucrose (suc) in vitro, showing that the transgene is functional. grain suc levels are not altered, indicating that suc fluxes are influenced rather than steady-s ...201020018590
[the segregation characteristics at the alleles of the gliadin-coding gli-b1 locus in hybrid soft winter wheat].segregation at the gli-b1 locus was studied in f2 seeds of common wheat from crosses between near-isogenic lines with respect to this locus. segregations differed from the expected ratio in hybrids involving the lines with the allele gli-b1l (gli-b1-3), which is a marker for the 1bl/1rs translocation, as well as in the hybrid between the lines with the alleles gli-b1b (1) and gli-b1e (4). reduced transmission of the chromosome with the 1bl/1rs translocation through pollen was observed in the hyb ...201010857205
comparative analysis of genetic background in eight near-isogenic wheat lines with different h genes conferring resistance to hessian fly.near-isogenic lines (nils) are useful for plant genetic and genomic studies. however, the strength of conclusions from such studies depends on the similarity of the nils' genetic backgrounds. in this study, we investigated the genetic similarity for a set of nils developed in the 1990s to study gene-for-gene interactions between wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and the hessian fly (mayetiola destructor (say)), an important pest of wheat. each of the eight nils carries a single h resistance gene and ...201121217808
comparative structural modeling and docking studies of oxalate oxidase: possible implication in enzyme supplementation therapy for urolithiasis.in humans oxalate is end product of protein metabolism, with no enzyme present to act on it. in conditions of its enhanced endogenous synthesis or increased absorption from the diet, oxalate accumulation leads to hyperoxaluria which can further lead to a number of pathological conditions including urolithiasis. urolithiasis has been a perplexing problem due to its high incidence and rate of recurrence after treatment like extracorporeal-shock wave lithotripsy (eswl). hence other prophylactic tre ...201121255608
accumulation and distribution of cadmium and lead in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grown in contaminated soils from the oasis, north-west china.crops grown in soils contaminated by heavy metals are an important avenue for toxic metals entering the human food chain. the objectives of our study were to investigate the accumulation and distribution of cadmium (cd) and lead (pb) in wheat plants cultivated in arid soils spiked with different doses of heavy metal, as well as bioavailability of these metals in the contaminated arid soils from the oasis, north-west china.201121086461
use of doubled haploid technology for development of stable drought tolerant bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) transgenics.anther culture-derived haploid embryos were used as explants for agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv cpan1676) using barley hva1 gene for drought tolerance. regenerated plantlets were checked for transgene integration in t₀ generation, and positive transgenic haploid plants were doubled by colchicine treatment. stable transgenic doubled haploid plants were obtained, and transgene expression was monitored till t₄ generation, and no transgene silen ...201120723133
dtaf: an efficient probe to study cyanobacterial-plant interaction using confocal laser scanning microscopy (clsm).a variety of microscopic techniques have been utilized to study cyanobacterial associations with plant roots, but confocal laser scanning microscopy (clsm) is the least used due to the unavailability of a suitable fluorescent dye. commonly used lectins have problems with their binding ability with root cells and their visualization under clsm. dtaf (5-(4,6-dichlorotriazinyl) aminofluorescein) is a fluorescent dye that has been widely used for staining various biological samples for fluorescent m ...201120803245
the complex interactions between host immunity and non-biotrophic fungal pathogens of wheat leaves.significant progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms used by plants to recognize pathogens and activate "immune" responses. a "first line" of defense can be triggered through recognition of conserved pathogen or microbe associated molecular patterns (pamps or mamps), resulting in activation of basal (or non-host) plant defenses, referred to as pamp-triggered immunity (pti). disease resistance responses can also subsequently be triggered via gene-for-gene type interactions between pat ...201120688416
combined meta-genomics analyses unravel candidate genes for the grain dietary fiber content in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).grain dietary fiber content in wheat not only affects its end use and technological properties including milling, baking and animal feed but is also of great importance for health benefits. in this study, integration of association genetics (seven detected loci on chromosomes 1b, 3a, 3d, 5b, 6b, 7a, 7b) and meta-qtl (three consensus qtl on chromosomes 1b, 3d and 6b) analyses allowed the identification of seven chromosomal regions underlying grain dietary fiber content in bread wheat. based eithe ...201120697765
a robust molecular marker for the detection of shortened introgressed segment carrying the stem rust resistance gene sr22 in common wheat.stem rust resistance gene sr22 transferred to common wheat from triticum boeoticum and t. monococcum remains effective against commercially prevalent pathotypes of puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, including ug99 and its derivatives. sr22 was previously located on the long arm of chromosome 7a. several backcross derivatives (hexaploid) possessing variable sized sr22-carrying segments were used in this study to identify a closely linked dna marker. expressed sequenced tags belonging to the deleti ...201120680609
deciphering the complexities of the wheat flour proteome using quantitative two-dimensional electrophoresis, three proteases and tandem mass spectrometry. 201121314956
construction and characterization of a cdna library from wheat infected with fusarium graminearum fg 2.total rna from wheat spikes infected with f. graminearum fg2 was extracted and the mrna was purified. switching mechanism at 5' end of the rna transcript (smart) technique and cds ill/3' primer were used for first-strand cdna synthesis using reverse transcriptase by rt-pcr. primer extension polymerase chain reaction was used to construct the double-strand cdna that was digested by proteinase k, then by sfi i and fractionated. cdnas longer than 0.5 kb were collected and ligated to ?triplex2 vecto ...201121340003
development and characterization of wheat-ae. searsii robertsonian translocations and a recombinant chromosome conferring resistance to stem rust.the emergence of a new highly virulent race of stem rust (puccinia graminis tritici), ug99, rapid evolution of new ug99 derivative races overcoming resistance of widely deployed genes, and spread towards important wheat growing areas now potentially threaten world food security. exploiting novel genes effective against ug99 from wild relatives of wheat is one of the most promising strategies for the protection of the wheat crop. a new source of resistance to ug99 was identified in the short arm ...201121347655
neutron activation analysis of wheat samples.the deficiency of essential micronutrients and excess of toxic metals in cereals, an important food items for human nutrition, can cause public health risk. therefore, before their consumption and adoption of soil supplementation, concentrations of essential micronutrients and metals in cereals should be monitored. this study collected soil and two varieties of wheat samples-triticum aestivum l. (jordão/bread wheat), and triticum durum l. (marialva/durum wheat) from elvas area, portugal and anal ...201121367605
wheat domestication: lessons for the future.wheat was one of the first crops to be domesticated more than 10,000 years ago in the middle east. molecular genetics and archaeological data have allowed the reconstruction of plausible domestication scenarios leading to modern cultivars. for diploid einkorn and tetraploid durum wheat, a single domestication event has likely occurred in the karacadag mountains, turkey. following a cross between tetraploid durum and diploid t. tauschii, the resultant hexaploid bread wheat was domesticated and di ...201121377616
temporal dynamics in wheat grain zinc distribution: is sink limitation the key?enhancing the zinc (zn) concentration in wheat (triticum aestivum) grain is a breeding objective in order to improve human zn nutrition. at enhanced plant zn uptake, grain zn levels do not increase proportionally and within the grain the endosperm zn levels remain below grain zn levels. this study analysed the temporal dynamics of zn concentrations in grain tissues during grain filling to find major bottlenecks.201121385780
waterlogging pretreatment during vegetative growth improves tolerance to waterlogging after anthesis in wheat.the interaction of multiple waterlogging events during vegetative growth (at the seven- and nine-leaf stage, and at heading) to a waterlogging event during the generative growth stage was studied in wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. yangmai 9). waterlogging before anthesis was found to effectively enhance tolerance to a waterlogging event after anthesis, as indicated by: (1) increasing net photosynthetsis (p(n)), stomatal conductance (g(s)) and transpiration (tr) and maintaining high spad (soil pl ...201121421417
identification of drought-responsive universal stress proteins in viridiplantae.genes encoding proteins that contain the universal stress protein (usp) domain are known to provide bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, and plants with the ability to respond to a plethora of environmental stresses. specifically in plants, drought tolerance is a desirable phenotype. however, limited focused and organized functional genomic datasets exist on drought-responsive plant usp genes to facilitate their characterization. the overall objective of the investigation was to identify diverse ...201121423406
a novel robertsonian translocation event leads to transfer of a stem rust resistance gene (sr52) effective against race ug99 from dasypyrum villosum into bread wheat.stem rust (puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici eriks. & e. henn.) (the causal agent of wheat stem rust) race ug99 (also designated ttksk) and its derivatives have defeated several important stem rust resistance genes widely used in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) production, rendering much of the worldwide wheat acreage susceptible. in order to identify new resistance sources, a large collection of wheat relatives and genetic stocks maintained at the wheat genetic and genomic resources center was scre ...201121437597
alleviation of cold stress in inoculated wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings with psychrotolerant pseudomonads from nw himalayas.twelve psychrotolerant pseudomonad strains were selected on the basis of various plant growth-promoting (pgp) activities at cold temperature (4°c). the effect of inoculation with pseudomonad strains on cold alleviation and growth of wheat seedling at cold temperature (8°c) was investigated under greenhouse condition. inoculation with pseudomonad strains significantly enhanced root/shoot biomass and nutrients uptake as compared to non-bacterized control at 60 days of plant growth. bacterization s ...201121442319
analysis of two in planta expressed lysm effector homologs from the fungus mycosphaerella graminicola reveals novel functional properties and varying contributions to virulence on wheat.secreted effector proteins enable plant pathogenic fungi to manipulate host defenses for successful infection. mycosphaerella graminicola causes septoria tritici blotch disease of wheat (triticum aestivum) leaves. leaf infection involves a long (approximately 7 d) period of symptomless intercellular colonization prior to the appearance of necrotic disease lesions. therefore, m. graminicola is considered as a hemibiotrophic (or necrotrophic) pathogen. here, we describe the molecular and functiona ...201121467214
hypolipidemic effect of fresh triticum aestivum (wheat) grass juice in hypercholesterolemic rats.present study was aimed to elucidate hypolipidemic effect of fresh triticum aestivum (common wheat) grass juice (gj) in experimentally induced hypercholesterolemia in rats and to investigate its role in cholesterol excretion. hypercholesterolemia was induced experimentally in rats by including 0.75 g% cholesterol and 1.5 g% bile salts in normal diet for 14 days. hypercholesterolemic rats were administered fresh triticum aestivum gj at the dose of 5 ml/kg and 10 ml/kg and the standard drug atorva ...201121485304
identification and quantitation of volatile organic compounds emitted from dairy silages and other feedstuffs.high ground-level ozone continues to be an important human, animal, and plant health impediment in the united states and especially in california's san joaquin valley (sjv). according to california state and regional air quality agencies, dairies are one of the major sources of volatile organic compounds (vocs) in the sjv. a number of recently conducted studies reported emissions data from different dairy sources. however, limited data are currently available for silage and otherfeed storages on ...201121488490
chemoprevention by triticum aestivum of mouse skin carcinogenesis induced by dmba and croton oil - association with oxidative status.chemopreventive action of wheat grass (triticum astivum) leaf extract in swiss albino mice was evaluated. oral administration of wheat grass leaf extract at a dose level of 20 ml/kg body weight per day at pre, peri, and post-initional phases and in combination group, caused significant variation in tumour incidence and tumour yield as compared to the control group. moreover, the average latent period was significantly increased from 9.87±0.12 to 13.4±0.23 weeks in the combination group, together ...201121517247
[effects of soil hhcb and cd contamination on the growth of wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum) and the pollutants accumulation in plants].using outdoor pot-culture experiment,biomasses of wheat seedlings and accumulation of hhcb and/or cd in parts of wheat seedlings cultured in alluvial soil and cinnamon soil were investigated. the biomasses of wheat seedlings in different treatments followed the order as single hhcb treatment > hhcb and cd treatment > single cd treatment. the accumulation of hhcb in wheat seedlings cultured in alluvial soil was more than that in cinnamon soil, and effect of cd on accumulation of hhcb in wheat see ...201121528585
mycosphaerella graminicola: from genomics to disease control.this mycosphaerella graminicola pathogen profile covers recent advances in the knowledge of this ascomycete fungus and of the disease it causes, septoria tritici blotch of wheat. research on this pathogen has accelerated since publication of a previous pathogen profile in this journal in 2002. septoria tritici blotch continues to have high economic importance and widespread global impact on wheat production. taxonomy: mycosphaerella graminicola (fuckel) j. schröt. in cohn (anamorph: septoria tri ...201121535348
translocation and re-translocation of selenium taken up from nutrient solution during vegetative growth in spring wheat.selenium (se) is an essential micronutrient for humans, but the se level in food plants in northern europe is generally inadequate to meet human nutritional requirements. commonly, food plant se fortification is achieved by selenate fertilisation, but the effect of nitrogen (n) and sulphur (s) supply on the translocation and re-translocation of se is unknown. therefore the effect of n and s supply on (75) selenate/(75) se translocation and re-translocation during vegetative growth in spring whea ...201121541941
impacts of phosphorus and zinc levels on phosphorus and zinc nutrition and phytic acid concentration in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).background:zinc (zn) and phytic acid content in grain crops are directly related to their nutritional quality and therefore human health. to investigate the nutritional influences of phosphorus (p) and zn levels on wheat (triticum aestivum l.), plants were grown hydroponically to maturity in chelator-buffered solutions. results:appropriate amounts of p, coupled with sufficient zn, increased p and zn concentrations in wheat grain. the zn supply decreased both phytic acid and the molar ratios of p ...201121547926
[prokaryotic expression, purification and preparation of polyclonal antibody for wheat grain peroxidase wp1 gene].wheat peroxidases 1 (wp1) is the major cationic peroxidase of wheat (triticum aestivum) grain, which is involved in the development of seeds and an important factor to affect the final processing quality of flour. we constructed a prokaryotic expression vector pet28a-wp1, and transformed it into e. coli host strain t7 expression. his-tag fused wp1 existed as inclusion body, and the recombinant protein was purified by ni-nta resin affinity chromatography under denatured condition. the purity of t ...201121553487
modelling arsenic toxicity in wheat: simultaneous application of diffusive gradients in thin films to arsenic and phosphorus in soil.the diffusive gradients in thin films (dgt) technique was evaluated in modelling wheat (triticum aestivum) arsenic toxicity using a dataset of as-contaminated soil samples (n=28) collected from former sheep dip sites. above ground wheat biomass from a 21-day early growth bioassay was adopted as the response variable and the dose-response relationships were modelled using the three-parameter sigmoid equation. the dgt-derived effective soil solution as to p concentration ratios corresponded strong ...201121571412
resistance to recombinant stem rust race tppkc in hard red spring wheat.the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) stem rust (puccinia graminis pers.:pers. f.sp. tritici eriks. and henn.) resistance gene srwld1 conditions resistance to all north american stem rust races and is an important gene in hard red spring (hrs) wheat cultivars. a sexually recombined race having virulence to srwld1 was isolated in the 1980s. our objective was to determine the genetics of resistance to the race. the recombinant race was tested with the set of stem rust differentials and with a set of 36 ...201121573955
influence of cultivated landscape composition on variety resistance: an assessment based on wheat leaf rust epidemics.• in plant pathology, the idea of designing variety management strategies at the scale of cultivated landscapes is gaining more and more attention. this requires the identification of effects that take place at large scales on host and pathogen populations. here, we show how the landscape varietal composition influences the resistance level (as measured in the field) of the most grown wheat varieties by altering the structure of the pathogen populations. • for this purpose, we jointly analysed t ...201121585391
[study on the transgenic tobacco expressing truncated wheat cold shock protein gene ta3-13 and analysis of disease resistance].ta3-13 is a truncated gene coding for the fragment of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cold shock protein wcp1. it has been shown previously that the procaryotically expressed ta3-13 can induce resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) when sprayed onto plant leaves. in this study, we constructed an expression vector pb-3-13 by cloning ta3-13 into the bionary vector pbi121 and transformed it into agrobacterium tumefaciense strain eha105 via freeze-thaw method. tobacco (nicotiana tobacum cv. xanthi nc ...201121586399
expression of a wheat myb gene in transgenic tobacco enhances resistance to ralstonia solanacearum, and to drought and salt stresses.myb transcription factors play diverse roles in plant growth, developmental processes and stress responses. a full-length cdna sequence of a myb gene, namely tapimp1, was isolated from wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the tapimp1 transcript level was significantly up-regulated by inoculation with a fungal pathogen bipolaris sorokiniana and by drought treatment. tapimp1 encodes the myb protein tapimp1 consisting of 323 amino acids. tapimp1 contains two myb dna binding domains (r2, r3), two putative ...201121597961
k+ transport by the oshkt2;4 transporter from rice (oryza sativa) with atypical na+ transport properties and competition in permeation of k+ over mg2+ and ca2+ ions.members of the class ii of hkt transporters, which have thus far only been isolated from grasses, were found to mediate na+-k+ co-transport and at high na+ concentrations preferred na+-selective transport, depending on the ionic conditions. but the physiological functions of this k+ transporting class ii of hkt transporters remain unknown in plants with exception of the unique class ii na+ transporter, oshkt2;1. the genetically tractable rice (background nipponbare) possesses two predicted k+ tr ...201121610181
wci, a novel wheat chymotrypsin inhibitor: purification, primary structure, inhibitory properties and heterologous expression.a novel chymotrypsin inhibitor, detected in the endosperm of triticum aestivum, was purified and characterized with respect to the main physical-chemical properties. on the basis of its specificity, this inhibitor was named wci (wheat chymotrypsin inhibitor). wci is a monomeric neutral protein made up of 119 residues and molecular mass value of 12,933.40 da. automated sequence and mass spectrometry analyses, carried out on several samples of purified inhibitor, evidenced an intrinsic molecular h ...201121617989
alleviation of exogenous oligochitosan on wheat seedlings growth under salt stress.hydroponic experiments were carried out to study the role of oligochitosan in enhancing wheat (triticum aestivum l.) resistance to salt stress. data were collected on plant biomass, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate (p (n)), stomatal conductance (g (s)), proline content, antioxidant enzyme activities, and malondialdehyde (mda) content. under 150 mm salt stress, plant growth was significantly inhibited. shoot length, root length, and dry weight were sharply reduced by 26%, 31%, and 20%, re ...201121626287
transcript-specific, single-nucleotide polymorphism discovery and linkage analysis in hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).food security is a global concern and substantial yield increases in cereal crops are required to feed the growing world population. wheat is one of the three most important crops for human and livestock feed. however, the complexity of the genome coupled with a decline in genetic diversity within modern elite cultivars has hindered the application of marker-assisted selection (mas) in breeding programmes. a crucial step in the successful application of mas in breeding programmes is the developm ...201121627760
microrna regulated defense responses in triticum aestivum l. during puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici infection.plants have evolved diverse mechanism to recognize pathogen attack and triggers defense responses. these defense responses alter host cellular function regulated by endogenous, small, non-coding mirnas. to understand the mechanism of mirnas regulated cellular functions during stem rust infection in wheat, we investigated eight different mirnas viz. mir159, mir164, mir167, mir171, mir444, mir408, mir1129 and mir1138, involved in three different independent cellular defense response to infection. ...201121633895
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