Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| the effect of silicon on the leaf proteome of rice (oryza sativa l.) plants under cadmium-stress. | the best known silicon (si)-accumulating plant, rice (oryza sativa l.), stores most of its si in leaves, but the importance of si has been limited to a mechanical role. our initial studies showed that si-induced cadmium (cd) tolerance is mediated by the enhancement of instantaneous water-use-efficiency, carboxylation efficiency of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (rubisco), and light-use-efficiency in leaves of rice plants. in this study, we investigated changes in the rice leaf p ... | 2011 | 21117708 |
| crystal structure of curcuminoid synthase cus from oryza sativa. | 2011 | 21117241 | |
| transcriptional profiling and in silico analysis of dof transcription factor gene family for understanding their regulation during seed development of rice oryza sativa l. | seed development is a complex process controlled by temporal and spatial expression of many transcription factors (tf) inside the developing seed. in the present study, transcript profiles of all the 30 members of rice doftfs from flowering to seed development stages were analyzed. it was found that 16 dof genes besides a previously characterized dof gene 'rpbf' are differentially expressed during the seed development and unlike rpbf are not seed specific. based on the expression patterns, these ... | 2011 | 21113680 |
| identification and analysis of seven h₂o₂-responsive mirnas and 32 new mirnas in the seedlings of rice (oryza sativa l. ssp. indica). | plant micrornas (mirnas) have been shown to play critical roles in regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. in this study, we employed high throughput sequencing combined with computational analysis to survey mirnaomes from the seedlings of rice under normal conditions and treatments of h(2)o(2) that result in oxidative stress. comparison of the mirnaomes and subsequent northern blot analysis identified seven mirna families differentially expressed under h(2)o(2) stress. pre ... | 2011 | 21113019 |
| ethylene is involved in the regulation of iron homeostasis by regulating the expression of iron-acquisition-related genes in oryza sativa. | plants employ two distinct strategies to obtain iron (fe) from the soil. in strategy i but not strategy ii plants, fe limitation invokes ethylene production which regulates fe deficiency responses. oryza sativa (rice) is the only graminaceous plant described that possesses a strategy i-like system for iron uptake as well as the classic strategy ii system. ethylene production of rice roots was significantly increased when grown under fe-depleted conditions. moreover, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxy ... | 2011 | 21112958 |
| identification of rice purple acid phosphatases related to phosphate starvation signalling. | purple acid phosphatases (paps) are a family of metallo-phosphoesterases involved in a variety of physiological functions, especially phosphate deficiency adaptations in plants. we identified 26 putative pap genes by a genome-wide analysis of rice (oryza sativa), 24 of which have isolated est sequences in the dbest database. amino acid sequence analysis revealed that 25 of these genes possess sets of metal-ligating residues typical of known paps. phylogenetic analysis classified the 26 rice and ... | 2011 | 21143719 |
| estrogen-inducible gfp expression patterns in rice (oryza sativa l.). | we investigated estrogen-inducible green fluorescent protein (gfp) expression patterns using an estrogen receptor fused chimeric transcription activator, xve, in the monocotyledonous model plant rice (oryza sativa l.). this system has been shown to be an effective chemical-inducible gene expression system in arabidopsis and has been applied to other plants in order to investigate gene functions or produce marker-free transgenic plants. however, limited information is available on the correlation ... | 2011 | 21140152 |
| progress studies of drought-responsive genes in rice. | rice (oryza sativa l.), one of the most agronomically important crops, supplies staple food for more than half of the world's population, especially those living in developing countries. the intensively increasing world population has put a great burden on rice production. drought as one of the major limiting factors for rice productivity has challenged researchers to improve both the water management system and rice characteristics. biotechnology has assisted researchers to identify genes that ... | 2011 | 21132431 |
| the rice acyl-coa-binding protein gene family: phylogeny, expression and functional analysis. | • acyl-coa-binding proteins (acbps) show conservation in an acyl-coa-binding domain (acb domain) which binds acyl-coa esters. previous studies on plant acbps focused on eudicots, arabidopsis and brassica. here, we report on the phylogeny and characterization of the acbp family from the monocot oryza sativa (rice). • phylogenetic analyses were conducted using 16 plant genomes. expression profiles of rice acbps under normal growth, as well as biotic and abiotic stress conditions, were examined by ... | 2011 | 21128943 |
| temporal dynamics of bacterial and fungal communities in a genetically modified (gm) rice ecosystem. | we assessed the temporal dynamics of bacterial and fungal communities in a soil ecosystem supporting genetically modified (gm) rice (oryza sativa l., abc-tpsp; fusion of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase and phosphatase). using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and real-time quantitative pcr, we compared bacterial and fungal communities in the soils underlying gm rice (abc-tpsp), and its host cultivar (nakdong) during growing seasons and non-growing seasons. overall, the so ... | 2011 | 21128072 |
| physiological, genetic, and molecular characterization of a high-cd-accumulating rice cultivar, jarjan. | cadmium (cd) in rice is a major source of cd intake for people on a staple rice diet. the mechanisms underlying cd accumulation in rice plant are still poorly understood. here, we characterized the physiology and genetics of cd transport in a high-cd-accumulating cultivar (jarjan) of rice (oryza sativa). jarjan showed 5- to 34-fold higher cd accumulation in the shoots and grains than the cultivar nipponbare, when it was grown in either a non-cd-contaminated or a cd-contaminated soil. a short-ter ... | 2011 | 21127026 |
| rice wnk1 is regulated by abiotic stress and involved in internal circadian rhythm. | in mammalian system the wnk (with no lysine kinase) serine-threonine protein kinase gene family is suggested to be involved in regulating ion homeostasis and other pathophysiological processes including cancer, hypertension and renal ion transport. in plant system the information about wnk genes is very poor. however, wnk-like genes have also been identified in plants, including ten in arabidopsis, designated atwnk1-atwnk10. here we report the cloning and characterization of a homologue of atwnk ... | 2011 | 21178395 |
| cyp99a3: functional identification of a diterpene oxidase from the momilactone biosynthetic gene cluster in rice. | rice (oryza sativa) produces momilactone diterpenoids as both phytoalexins and allelochemicals. strikingly, the rice genome contains a biosynthetic gene cluster for momilactone production, located on rice chromosome 4, which contains two cytochrome p450 (cyp) mono-oxygenases, cyp99a2 and cyp99a3, with undefined roles; although it has been previously shown that rna interference double knock-down of this pair of closely related cyps reduced momilactone accumulation. here we attempted biochemical c ... | 2011 | 21175892 |
| temporal and spatial regulation of drooping leaf gene expression that promotes midrib formation in rice. | genes involved in the differentiation and development of tissues and organs are temporally and spatially regulated in plant development. the drooping leaf (dl) gene, a member of the yabby gene family, promotes midrib formation in the leaf and carpel specification in the flower. consistent with these functions, dl is initially expressed in the central region of the leaf primordia (presumptive midrib) and in the presumptive carpel primordia in the meristem. to understand the regulatory mechanism u ... | 2011 | 21175891 |
| relationships of non-structural carbohydrates accumulation and translocation with yield formation in rice recombinant inbred lines under two nitrogen levels. | stem non-structural carbohydrates (nscs) and its relationship with yield formation was investigated under low nitrogen (ln) and normal nitrogen (nn) treatments, using 46 recombinant inbred lines from zhenshan 97 × minghui 63 (oryza sativa). apparent contribution of transferred nsc to grain yield (ac(nsc) ) ranged from approximately 1 to 28% under ln and from 1 to 15% under nn. concentration and total mass of nsc in stem (tm(nsc) ) at heading, apparent transferred mass of nsc (atm(nsc) ) and ac(n ... | 2011 | 21175644 |
| silicon enhances suberization and lignification in roots of rice (oryza sativa). | the beneficial element silicon (si) may affect radial oxygen loss (rol) of rice roots depending on suberization of the exodermis and lignification of sclerenchyma. thus, the effect of si nutrition on the oxidation power of rice roots, suberization and lignification was examined. in addition, si-induced alterations of the transcript levels of 265 genes related to suberin and lignin synthesis were studied by custom-made microarray and quantitative real time-pcr. without si supply, the oxidation zo ... | 2011 | 21172812 |
| asymmetric distribution of gene expression in the centromeric region of rice chromosome 5. | there is controversy as to whether gene expression is silenced in the functional centromere. the complete genomic sequences of the centromeric regions in higher eukaryotes have not been fully elucidated, because the presence of highly repetitive sequences complicates many aspects of genomic sequencing. we performed resequencing, assembly, and sequence finishing of two p1-derived artificial chromosome clones in the centromeric region of rice (oryza sativa l.) chromosome 5 (cen5). the pericentrome ... | 2011 | 22639581 |
| seed pre-treatment in rice reduces damage, enhances carbohydrate mobilization and improves emergence and seedling establishment under flooded conditions. | early flooding helps control weeds but reduces seedling establishment in direct-seeded rice (oryza sativa). when combined with appropriate management practices, the use of genotypes that better tolerate flooding during emergence can enhance crop establishment in flood-prone areas. management options include seed pre-treatment and we tested the influence of pre-soaking for 24 h prior to sowing or of priming (soaking for 24 or 48 h followed by drying). | 2011 | 22476478 |
| rice g-protein coupled receptor (gpcr): in silico analysis and transcription regulation under abiotic stress. | majority of transmembrane signal transduction in response to diverse external stimuli is mediated by g-protein coupled receptors (gpcrs) and are the principal signal transducers. gpcrs are characterized by seven membrane-spanning domains with an extracellular n-terminus and a cytoplasmic c-terminus which functions along with gtp-binding protein in a highly coordinated fashion. role of heterotrimeric g-proteins in abiotic stresses has been reported, but the response of gpcr is not yet well charac ... | 2011 | 21778827 |
| high time for a roll call: gene duplication and phylogenetic relationships of tcp-like genes in monocots. | the tcp family is an ancient group of plant developmental transcription factors that regulate cell division in vegetative and reproductive structures and are essential in the establishment of flower zygomorphy. in-depth research on eudicot tcps has documented their evolutionary and developmental role. this has not happened to the same extent in monocots, although zygomorphy has been critical for the diversification of orchidaceae and poaceae, the largest families of this group. investigating the ... | 2011 | 21444336 |
| complex evolution of s5, a major reproductive barrier regulator, in the cultivated rice oryza sativa and its wild relatives. | • the hybrid sterility gene s5 comprises three types of alleles in cultivated rice. such tri-allelic system provided a unique opportunity to study the molecular bases of evolutionary changes underlying reproductive isolation in plants. • we analysed the sequence diversity and evolutionary history of s5 in 138 oryza accessions. we also examined the effect of the two functional variations (c819a and c1412t) in determining hybrid sterility by transformation. • nineteen haplotypes were identified, w ... | 2011 | 21443693 |
| functional diversity of isoamylase oligomers: the isa1 homo-oligomer is essential for amylopectin biosynthesis in rice endosperm. | rice (oryza sativa) endosperm has two isoamylase (isa) oligomers, isa1 homo-oligomer and isa1-isa2 hetero-oligomer. to examine their contribution to starch synthesis, expression of the isa1 or isa2 gene was differently regulated in various transgenic plants. although suppression of isa2 gene expression caused the endosperm to have only the homo-oligomer, no significant effects were detected on the starch phenotypes. in contrast, isa2 overexpression led to endosperm having only the hetero-oligome ... | 2011 | 21436381 |
| integrated proteome and metabolite analysis of the de-etiolation process in plastids from rice (oryza sativa l.). | we have analyzed the dynamics of the rice etioplast membrane proteome during the early phase of de-etiolation using itraq-based relative protein quantification. several hundred plastid proteins were identified from enriched membranes, including 36 putative transporters. hierarchical clustering revealed the coordinated light induction of thylakoid membrane proteins with proteins involved in translation and fatty acid metabolism. no other functional category of identified proteins showed a similar ... | 2011 | 21433289 |
| high-resolution mapping of rsn1, a locus controlling sensitivity of rice to a necrosis-inducing phytotoxin from rhizoctonia solani ag1-ia. | rhizoctonia solani is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen that causes disease on many crop-plant species. anastomosis group 1-ia is the causal agent of sheath blight of rice (oryza sativa l.), one of the most important rice diseases worldwide. r. solani ag1-ia produces a necrosis-inducing phytotoxin and rice cultivar's sensitivity to the toxin correlates with disease susceptibility. unlike genetic analyses of sheath blight resistance where resistance loci have been reported as quantitative trait loci ... | 2011 | 21424397 |
| population-specific quantitative trait loci mapping for functional stay-green trait in rice (oryza sativa l.). | the functional stay-green trait gives leaves a longer duration of greenness and photosynthetic capacity during the grain-filling period. we developed two independent recombinant inbred line populations from the intra- and intersubspecific crosses of oryza sativa l. subsp. japonica 'suweon490' (japonica) × o. sativa subsp. japonica 'snu-sg1' (japonica) and o. sativa subsp. indica 'andabyeo' (indica) × o. sativa subsp. japonica 'snu-sg1' (japonica), respectively. the common parental line 'snu-sg1' ... | 2011 | 21423286 |
| utilization of weedy rice for development of japonica hybrid rice (oryza sativa l.). | two representative weedy rice lines, three typical japonica varieties and three typical indica varieties were used for 6 pairs of reciprocal crosses. the morphological traits of twelve f(1) hybrid lines, their parents and four elite cultivars were investigated for heterosis over mid-parent (hm), over parent (hp) and competitive heterosis (ch) analysis. traits detected in weedy rice lines seemed larger than those in cultivars and excellent heterosis was produced in weedy rice crossing with japoni ... | 2011 | 21421425 |
| developmental characteristics and aluminum resistance of root border cells in rice seedlings. | the developmental characteristics of root border cells (rbcs) and their role in protection of root apices of rice seedling from al toxicity were evaluated in two rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars differing in al tolerance. root elongation and rbcs viability were used as indicators for al effects. the formation of rbcs and the emergence of the root tip occurred almost simultaneously. treatment of the root with al inhibited root elongation and increased al accumulation in the root tips. physical re ... | 2011 | 21421421 |
| ricerbp: a database of experimentally identified rna-binding proteins in oryza sativa l. | rna-binding proteins play critical roles at multiple steps during gene expression, including mrna transport and translation. mrna transport is particularly important in rice (oryza sativa l.) in order to ensure the proper localization of the prolamine and glutelin seed storage proteins. however, relatively little information is available about rna-binding proteins that have been isolated or characterized in plants. the ricerbp database is a novel resource for the analysis of rna-binding proteins ... | 2011 | 21421362 |
| genetic analysis of two weak dormancy mutants derived from strong seed dormancy wild type rice n22 (oryza sativa). | two weak dormancy mutants, designated q4359 and q4646, were obtained from the rice cultivar n22 after treatment with 400 gy (60) co gamma-radiation. compared to the n22 cultivar, the dormancy of the mutant seeds was more readily broken when exposed to a period of room temperature storage. the mutants also showed a reduced level of sensitivity to abscisic acid compared to the n22 cultivar, although q4359 was more insensitive than q4646. a genetic analysis indicated that in both mutants, the reduc ... | 2011 | 21418523 |
| comprehensive sequence analysis of 24,783 barley full-length cdnas derived from 12 clone libraries. | full-length cdna (flcdna) libraries consisting of 172,000 clones were constructed from a two-row malting barley cultivar (hordeum vulgare 'haruna nijo') under normal and stressed conditions. after sequencing the clones from both ends and clustering the sequences, a total of 24,783 complete sequences were produced. by removing duplicates between these and publicly available sequences, 22,651 representative sequences were obtained: 17,773 were novel barley flcdnas, and 1,699 were barley specific. ... | 2011 | 21415278 |
| stagnant deoxygenated growth enhances root suberization and lignifications, but differentially affects water and nacl permeabilities in rice (oryza sativa l.) roots. | it has been shown that rice roots grown in a stagnant medium develop a tight barrier to radial oxygen loss (rol), whereas aerated roots do not. this study investigated whether the induction of a barrier to rol affects water and solute permeabilities. growth in stagnant medium markedly reduced the root growth rate relative to aerated conditions. histochemical studies revealed an early deposition of casparian bands (cbs) and suberin lamellae (sl) in both the endodermis (en) and exodermis, and acce ... | 2011 | 21414017 |
| cadmium accumulation in and tolerance of rice (oryza sativa l.) varieties with different rates of radial oxygen loss. | cadmium (cd) uptake and tolerance were investigated among 20 rice cultivars based on a field experiment (1.2 mg cd kg⁻¹ in soil) and a soil pot trial (control, 100 mg cd kg⁻¹), and rates of radial oxygen loss (rol) were measured under a deoxygenated solution. significant differences were found among the cultivars in: (1) brown rice cd concentrations (0.11-0.29 mg kg⁻¹) in a field soil, (2) grain cd tolerance (34-113%) and concentrations (2.1-6.5 mg kg⁻¹) in a pot trial, and (3) rates of rol (15- ... | 2011 | 21411196 |
| nitric oxide production is associated with response to brown planthopper infestation in rice. | nilaparvata lugens stål, the brown planthopper (bph), is one of the most destructive phloem-feeding insects of rice (oryza sativa l.) throughout asia. here, we show that bph feeding increases the level of endogenous nitric oxide (no) in the leaf and sheath tissue of both resistant and susceptible rice cultivars. however, in the roots, the no level increased in the resistant cultivar, but decreased in the susceptible one. a burst of no production occurred in the sheath within 1 h of infestation w ... | 2011 | 21411180 |
| differentiation in wild-type allele of the sd1 locus concerning culm length between indica and japonica subspecies of oryza sativa (rice). | a dwarfing gene (allele) sd1-d has been intensively utilized to develop short-culm indica varieties in southeast asia up to now. before the first sd1-d-carrying variety ir8 was released, rice researchers had recognized the general tendency that culm length is higher in indica varieties than in temperate-japonica ones. inter-subspecific difference of the tall (wild-type) allele sd1 at the sd1 locus was examined on the common genetic background, using five isogenic lines developed by substituting ... | 2011 | 21410466 |
| transcriptome phase distribution analysis reveals diurnal regulated biological processes and key pathways in rice flag leaves and seedling leaves. | plant diurnal oscillation is a 24-hour period based variation. the correlation between diurnal genes and biological pathways was widely revealed by microarray analysis in different species. rice (oryza sativa) is the major food staple for about half of the world's population. the rice flag leaf is essential in providing photosynthates to the grain filling. however, there is still no comprehensive view about the diurnal transcriptome for rice leaves. in this study, we applied rice microarray to m ... | 2011 | 21407816 |
| a preliminary study of the protease activities in germinating brown rice (oryza sativa l.). | proteases hydrolyse storage proteins to provide precursors for perpetuating species. the aim of this study was to investigate and characterise different proteases in germinating brown rice. | 2011 | 21384360 |
| cloning and functional characterization of a cation-chloride cotransporter gene osccc1. | potassium (k+) and chloride (cl-) are two essential elements for plant growth and development. while it is known that plants possess specific membrane transporters for transporting k+ and cl-, it remains unclear if they actively use k+-coupled cl- cotransporters (kcc), as used in animals, to transport k+ and cl-. we have cloned an oryza sativa cdna encoding for a member of the cation-cl- cotransporter (ccc) family. phylogenetic analysis revealed that plant ccc proteins are highly conserved and t ... | 2011 | 21369877 |
| the process of methylmercury accumulation in rice (oryza sativa l.). | recent studies have shown that rice consumption can be an important pathway of methylmercury (mehg) exposure to humans in hg mining areas and also in certain inland areas of southwestern china. the seed of rice has the highest ability to accumulate mehg compared to other tissues. the main objective of this study was to investigate the process of (mehg) accumulation in rice seed (oryza sativa l.) by monitoring mehg levels in specific tissues of rice plants experiencing various levels of hg multis ... | 2011 | 21366217 |
| relationship between xanthophyll cycle and non-photochemical quenching in rice (oryza sativa l.) plants in response to light stress. | thirty days old rice plants grown under low and moderate light conditions were transferred to full sunlight to observe the extent of photoinhibitory damage and protective mechanism, and the relationship between xanthophyll cycle and nonphotochemical quenching (qn) under changing light environment. control plants (low, moderate and sun grown) exhibited similar fv/fm ratio, indicating similar photosynthetic efficiency prior to light stress. on exposure to the high light treatment, low light grown ... | 2011 | 21365998 |
| a study of hassawi rice (oryza sativa l.) in terms of its carbohydrate hydrolysis (in vitro) and glycaemic and insulinaemic indices (in vivo). | a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes exists in saudi arabia. epidemiological evidence suggests that low glycaemic index (gi) diets reduce diabetes risk. yet, little is known about the gi of traditional saudi arabian staples such as hassawi rice (hr). hr was evaluated in terms of its gi and insulinaemic index (ii). comparisons were made in vitro assessing glucose released enzymatically. a long-grain rice variety available in both united kingdom and saudi arabia was studied as a comparison. | 2011 | 21364610 |
| microarray-based analysis of cadmium-responsive micrornas in rice (oryza sativa). | micrornas (mirnas) are a class of small non-coding rnas that negatively regulate specific target mrnas at the post-transcriptional level. plant mirnas have been implicated in developmental processes and adaptations to environmental stresses. cadmium (cd) is a non-essential heavy metal that is highly toxic to plants. to investigate the responsive functions of mirnas under cd stress, mirna expression in cd-stressed rice (oryza sativa) was profiled using a microarray assay. a total of 19 cd-respons ... | 2011 | 21362738 |
| sequencing and assembly of low copy and genic regions of isolated triticum aestivum chromosome arm 7ds. | the genome of bread wheat (triticum aestivum) is predicted to be greater than 16 gbp in size and consist predominantly of repetitive elements, making the sequencing and assembly of this genome a major challenge. we have reduced genome sequence complexity by isolating chromosome arm 7ds and applied second-generation technology and appropriate algorithmic analysis to sequence and assemble low copy and genic regions of this chromosome arm. the assembly represents approximately 40% of the chromosome ... | 2011 | 21356002 |
| net sodium fluxes change significantly at anatomically distinct root zones of rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings. | casparian bands of endodermis and exodermis play crucial roles in blocking apoplastic movement of ions and water into the stele of roots through the cortex. these apoplastic barriers differ considerably in structure and function along the developing root. the present study assessed net na+ fluxes in anatomically distinct root zones of rice seedlings and analyzed parts of individual roots showing different na+ uptake. the results indicated that anatomically distinct root zones contributed differe ... | 2011 | 21353327 |
| an efficient and reproducible method for regeneration of whole plants from mature seeds of a high yielding indica rice (oryza sativa l.) variety pau 201. | tissue culture is one of the tools necessary for genetic engineering and many other breeding programs. moreover, selection of high regenerating rice varieties is a pre-requisite for success in rice biotechnology. in this report we established a reproducible plant regeneration system through somatic embryogenesis. the explants used for regeneration were embryogenic calli derived from mature seeds cultured on callus induction media. for callus induction mature seeds were cultured on ms medium cont ... | 2011 | 21352959 |
| ascorbate peroxidase-related (apx-r) is a new heme-containing protein functionally associated with ascorbate peroxidase but evolutionarily divergent. | • peroxidases are involved in several important processes, such as development and responses to environmental cues. in higher plants, most peroxidases are encoded by large, multigenic families that mainly originated from gene and chromosomal duplications. • using phylogenetic, genomic and functional analyses, we have identified and characterized a new class of putative heme peroxidases, called ascorbate peroxidase-related (apx-r), which arose specifically in the lineage of plants. • the apx-r pr ... | 2011 | 21352234 |
| characterization of mercury species in brown and white rice (oryza sativa l.) grown in water-saving paddies. | in china, total hg (hgt) and methylmercury (mehg) were quantified in rice grain grown in three sites using water-saving rice cultivation methods, and in one hg-contaminated site, where rice was grown under flooded conditions. polished white rice concentrations of hgt (water-saving: 3.3±1.6 ng/g; flooded: 110±9.2 ng/g) and mehg (water-saving 1.3±0.56 ng/g; flooded: 12±2.4 ng/g) were positively correlated with root-soil hgt and mehg contents (hgt: r2=0.97, mehg: r2=0.87, p<0.05 for both), which su ... | 2011 | 21349615 |
| high-resolution genetic mapping and candidate gene identification of the slp1 locus that controls glume development in rice. | stunted lemma palea 1 (slp1) is a rice mutant that displays dwarfism, shortened inflorescence lengths, severely degenerated lemmas/paleas, and sterility. the slp1 locus was mapped between markers rm447 and d275 in the distal region of the long arm of chromosome 8, using the f2 progeny derived from the cross between the slp1/slp1 mutant (oryza sativa subsp. japonica) and the variety taichung native 1 (tn1, o. sativa subsp. indica). the slp1 locus was further delimited to a 46.4-kb genomic region ... | 2011 | 21327937 |
| mutation of rice bc12/gdd1, which encodes a kinesin-like protein that binds to a ga biosynthesis gene promoter, leads to dwarfism with impaired cell elongation. | the kinesins are a family of microtubule-based motor proteins that move directionally along microtubules and are involved in many crucial cellular processes, including cell elongation in plants. less is known about kinesins directly regulating gene transcription to affect cellular physiological processes. here, we describe a rice (oryza sativa) mutant, gibberellin-deficient dwarf1 (gdd1), that has a phenotype of greatly reduced length of root, stems, spikes, and seeds. this reduced length is due ... | 2011 | 21325138 |
| proteomic identification of oscyp2, a rice cyclophilin that confers salt tolerance in rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings when overexpressed. | high salinity is a major environmental stress influencing growth and development of rice. comparative proteomic analysis of hybrid rice shoot proteins from shanyou 10 seedlings, a salt-tolerant hybrid variety, and liangyoupeijiu seedlings, a salt-sensitive hybrid variety, was performed to identify new components involved in salt-stress signaling. | 2011 | 21324151 |
| the role of tocopherol cyclase in salt stress tolerance of rice (oryza sativa). | tocopherols synthesized exclusively by photosynthetic organisms are major antioxidants in biomembranes. in plants, tocopherol cyclase (tc/vte1) catalyzes the conversion of 2,3-dimethyl-5-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone (dmpbq) to γ-tocopherol. in the present study, osvte1, which encodes a rice tocopherol cyclase ortholog, was cloned and characterized. osvte1 was induced significantly by abiotic stresses such as high salt, h(2)o(2), drought, cold and by the plant hormones aba and salicylic acid. the tiss ... | 2011 | 21318489 |
| fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of dense and erect panicle 3, dep3, which confers high grain yield in rice (oryza sativa l.). | architecture of the rice inflorescence, which is determined mainly by the morphology, number and length of primary and secondary inflorescence branches, is an important agronomical trait. in the current study, we characterized a novel dense and erect panicle (ep) mutant, dep3, derived from the oryza sativa ssp. japonica cultivar hwacheong treated with n-methyl-n-nitrosourea. the panicle of the dep3 mutant remained erect from flowering to full maturation, whereas the panicle of the wild type plan ... | 2011 | 21318372 |
| root-induced changes to cadmium speciation in the rhizosphere of two rice (oryza sativa l.) genotypes. | our aim was to investigate rhizosphere effects on the chemical behavior of cd. this was done in a glasshouse experiment, where two rice cultivars (zhenong54 and sixizhan) were grown in soil spiked with cadmium (cd) at two levels, 3.9 ± 0.5 and 8.3 ± 0.5 mg kg(-1) soil, placed in a rhizobox until ripening stage. chemical forms of cadmium near the root surface were then assessed using a sequential extraction procedure (sep). there were significant differences in cd species, especially exchangeable ... | 2011 | 21316043 |
| root hair-specific expansins modulate root hair elongation in rice. | root hair growth requires intensive cell-wall modification. this study demonstrates that root hair-specific expansin as, a sub-clade of the cell wall-loosening expansin proteins, are required for root hair elongation in rice (oryza sativa l.). we identified a gene encoding expa17 (osexpa17) from a rice mutant with short root hairs. promoter::reporter transgenic lines exhibited exclusive osexpa17 expression in root hair cells. the osexpa17 mutant protein (osexpa17) contained a point mutation, cau ... | 2011 | 21309868 |
| bent uppermost internode1 encodes the class ii formin fh5 crucial for actin organization and rice development. | the actin cytoskeleton is an important regulator of cell expansion and morphogenesis in plants. however, the molecular mechanisms linking the actin cytoskeleton to these processes remain largely unknown. here, we report the functional analysis of rice (oryza sativa) fh5/bent uppermost internode1 (bui1), which encodes a formin-type actin nucleation factor and affects cell expansion and plant morphogenesis in rice. the bui1 mutant displayed pleiotropic phenotypes, including bent uppermost internod ... | 2011 | 21307285 |
| rice morphology determinant encodes the type ii formin fh5 and regulates rice morphogenesis. | multicellular organisms contain a large number of formins; however, their physiological roles in plants remain poorly understood. here, we reveal that formin homology 5 (fh5), a type ii formin mutated in rice morphology determinant (rmd), plays a crucial role in determining rice (oryza sativa) morphology. fh5/rmd encodes a formin-like protein consisting of an n-terminal phosphatase tensin (pten)-like domain, an fh1 domain, and an fh2 domain. the rmd mutants display a bending growth pattern in se ... | 2011 | 21307283 |
| comparison of aerobic and anaerobic [3h]leucine incorporation assays for determining pollution-induced bacterial community tolerance in copper-polluted, irrigated soils. | pollution-induced community tolerance (pict) constitutes a sensitive and ecologically relevant impact parameter in ecotoxicology. we report the development and application of a novel anaerobic [(3) h]leucine incorporation assay and its comparison with the conventional aerobic [(3) h]leucine incorporation assay for pict detection in soil bacterial communities. selection of bacterial communities was performed over 42 d in bulk soil microcosms (no plants) and in rice (oryza sativa) rhizosphere soil ... | 2011 | 21298704 |
| fine mapping qtl for drought resistance traits in rice (oryza sativa l.) using bulk segregant analysis. | drought stress is a major limitation to rice (oryza sativa l.) yields and its stability, especially in rainfed conditions. developing rice cultivars with inherent capacity to withstand drought stress would improve rainfed rice production. mapping quantitative trait loci (qtls) linked to drought resistance traits will help to develop rice cultivars suitable for water-limited environments through molecular marker-assisted selection (mas) strategy. however, qtl mapping is usually carried out by gen ... | 2011 | 21298364 |
| rice mads3 regulates ros homeostasis during late anther development. | the rice (oryza sativa) floral homeotic c-class gene, mads3, was previously shown to be required for stamen identity determination during early flower development. here, we describe a role for mads3 in regulating late anther development and pollen formation. consistent with this role, mads3 is highly expressed in the tapetum and microspores during late anther development, and a newly identified mads3 mutant allele, mads3-4, displays defective anther walls, aborted microspores, and complete male ... | 2011 | 21297036 |
| identification and characterization of seed-specific transcription factors regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in black rice. | black rice is rich in anthocyanin and is expected to have more healthful dietary potential than white rice. we assessed expression of anthocyanin in black rice cultivars using a newly designed 135 k oryza sativa microarray. a total of 12,673 genes exhibited greater than 2.0-fold up- or down-regulation in comparisons between three rice cultivars and three seed developmental stages. the 137 transcription factor genes found to be associated with production of anthocyanin pigment were classified int ... | 2011 | 21286901 |
| cytokinin-mediated source/sink modifications improve drought tolerance and increase grain yield in rice under water-stress. | drought is the major environmental factor limiting crop productivity worldwide. we hypothesized that it is possible to enhance drought tolerance by delaying stress-induced senescence through the stress-induced synthesis of cytokinins in crop-plants. we generated transgenic rice (oryza sativa) plants expressing an isopentenyltransferase (ipt) gene driven by p(sark) , a stress- and maturation-induced promoter. plants were tested for drought tolerance at two yield-sensitive developmental stages: pr ... | 2011 | 21284800 |
| ehd3, encoding a plant homeodomain finger-containing protein, is a critical promoter of rice flowering. | oryza sativa (rice) flowers in response to photoperiod, and is a facultative short-day (sd) plant. under sd conditions, flowering is promoted through the activation of ft-like genes (rice florigens) by heading date 1 (hd1, a rice constans homolog) and early heading date 1 (ehd1, with no ortholog in the arabidopsis genome). on the other hand, under long-day (ld) conditions, flowering is delayed by the repressive function of hd1 on ft-like genes and by downregulation of ehd1 by the flowering repre ... | 2011 | 21284756 |
| pollen semi-sterility1 encodes a kinesin-1-like protein important for male meiosis, anther dehiscence, and fertility in rice. | in flowering plants, male meiosis produces four microspores, which develop into pollen grains and are released by anther dehiscence to pollinate female gametophytes. the molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating male meiosis in rice (oryza sativa) remain poorly understood. here, we describe a rice pollen semi-sterility1 (pss1) mutant, which displays reduced spikelet fertility (~40%) primarily caused by reduced pollen viability (~50% viable), and defective anther dehiscence. map-based molecula ... | 2011 | 21282525 |
| cold sensitivity in rice (oryza sativa l.) is strongly correlated with a naturally occurring i99v mutation in the multifunctional glutathione transferase isoenzyme gstz2. | gstzs [zeta class gsts (glutathione transferases)] are multifunctional enzymes that belong to a highly conserved subfamily of soluble gsts found in species ranging from fungi and plants to animals. gstzs are known to function as maais [maa (maleylacetoacetate) isomerases], which play a role in tyrosine catabolism by catalysing the isomerization of maa to faa (fumarylacetoacetate). as tyrosine metabolism in plants differs from animals, the significance of gstz/maai is unclear. in rice (oryza sati ... | 2011 | 21281270 |
| gene tree discordance of wild and cultivated asian rice deciphered by genome-wide sequence comparison. | although a large number of genes are expected to correctly solve a phylogenetic relationship, inconsistent gene tree topologies have been observed. this conflicting evidence in gene tree topologies, known as gene tree discordance, becomes increasingly important as advanced sequencing technologies produce an enormous amount of sequence information for phylogenomic studies among closely related species. here, we aim to characterize the gene tree discordance of the asian cultivated rice oryza sativ ... | 2011 | 21277362 |
| seventy million years of concerted evolution of a homoeologous chromosome pair, in parallel, in major poaceae lineages. | whole genome duplication ~70 million years ago provided raw material for poaceae (grass) diversification. comparison of rice (oryza sativa), sorghum (sorghum bicolor), maize (zea mays), and brachypodium distachyon genomes revealed that one paleo-duplicated chromosome pair has experienced very different evolution than all the others. for tens of millions of years, the two chromosomes have experienced illegitimate recombination that has been temporally restricted in a stepwise manner, producing st ... | 2011 | 21266659 |
| lr34 multi-pathogen resistance abc transporter: molecular analysis of homoeologous and orthologous genes in hexaploid wheat and other grass species. | the triticum aestivum (bread wheat) disease resistance gene lr34 confers durable, race non-specific protection against three fungal pathogens, and has been a highly relevant gene for wheat breeding since the green revolution. lr34, located on chromosome 7d, encodes an atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter. both wheat cultivars with and without lr34-based resistance encode a putatively functional protein that differ by only two amino acid polymorphisms. in this study, we focused on the identific ... | 2011 | 21265893 |
| osbc1l4 encodes a cobra-like protein that affects cellulose synthesis in rice. | plant morphogenesis is highly dependent on the regulation of cell division and expansion. the organization of the cellulose microfibrils in the cell wall is a key determinant of cell expansion. previously, a dwarf mutant with fewer tillers, osbc1l4 (oryza sativa brittle culm 1 like 4), was identified by screening a rice t-dna insertion mutant library. it is reported here that osbc1l4 encodes a cobra-like protein that exhibits typical structural features of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor p ... | 2011 | 21264494 |
| discovery of genome-wide dna polymorphisms in a landrace cultivar of japonica rice by whole-genome sequencing. | molecular breeding approaches are of growing importance to crop improvement. however, closely related cultivars generally used for crossing material lack sufficient known dna polymorphisms due to their genetic relatedness. next-generation sequencing allows the identification of a massive number of dna polymorphisms such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) and insertions-deletions (indels) between highly homologous genomes. using this technology, we performed whole-genome sequencing of a la ... | 2011 | 21258067 |
| development of casparian strip in rice cultivars. | the development of casparian strips (css) on the endo- and exodermis and their chemical components in roots of three cultivars of rice (oryza sativa) with different salt tolerance were compared using histochemistry and fourier transform infrared (ftir) spectroscopy. the development and deposition of suberin lamellae of css on the endo- and exodermis in the salt-tolerant cultivar liaohan 109 was earlier than in the moderately tolerant cultivar tianfeng 202 and the sensitive cultivar nipponbare. t ... | 2011 | 21248477 |
| probabilistic risk assessment of dietary cadmium in the south korean population. | global interest in the adverse health effects of cadmium (cd) has focused on dietary exposure as the principal source of cd exposure to the general population. common assumptions used in deterministic cd assessment in global or regional diets have limitations when applied to specific national cases where local variation in food composition and consumption patterns are different than for global or regional norms. stochastic dietary cd exposure assessment was conducted for the general south korean ... | 2011 | 21240828 |
| the submergence tolerance regulator sub1a mediates crosstalk between submergence and drought tolerance in rice. | submergence and drought are major constraints to rice (oryza sativa) production in rain-fed farmlands, both of which can occur sequentially during a single crop cycle. sub1a, an erf transcription factor found in limited rice accessions, dampens ethylene production and gibberellic acid responsiveness during submergence, economizing carbohydrate reserves and significantly prolonging endurance. here, we evaluated the functional role of sub1a in acclimation to dehydration. comparative analysis of ge ... | 2011 | 21239643 |
| rice two-pore k+ channels are expressed in different types of vacuoles. | potassium (k+) is a major nutrient for plant growth and development. vacuolar k+ ion channels of the two-pore k+ (tpk) family play an important role in maintaining k+ homeostasis. several tpk channels were previously shown to be expressed in the lytic vacuole (lv) tonoplast. plants also contain smaller protein storage vacuoles (psvs) that contain membrane transporters. however, the mechanisms that define how membrane proteins reach different vacuolar destinations are largely unknown. the oryza s ... | 2011 | 21224427 |
| osam1 is required for leptotene-zygotene transition in rice. | the events occurring at the onset of meiosis have not been fully elucidated. in the present study, osam1 was identified in rice (oryza sativa l.) by map-based cloning. osam1, a homolog of arabidopsis swi1 and maize am1, encodes a protein with a coiled-coil domain in its central region. in the osam1 mutant, pollen mother cells are arrested at leptotene, showing that osam1 is required for the leptotene-zygotene transition. immunocytological analysis revealed that osam1 exists as foci in early prop ... | 2011 | 21221128 |
| cloning and characterization of purple acid phosphatase phytases from wheat, barley, maize, and rice. | barley (hordeum vulgare) and wheat (triticum aestivum) possess significant phytase activity in the mature grains. maize (zea mays) and rice (oryza sativa) possess little or virtually no preformed phytase activity in the mature grain and depend fully on de novo synthesis during germination. here, it is demonstrated that wheat, barley, maize, and rice all possess purple acid phosphatase (pap) genes that, expressed in pichia pastoris, give fully functional phytases (paphys) with very similar enzyme ... | 2011 | 21220762 |
| dissecting the genetic basis for the effect of rice chalkiness, amylose content, protein content, and rapid viscosity analyzer profile characteristics on the eating quality of cooked rice using the chromosome segment substitution line population across eight environments. | quantitative trait locus (qtl) mapping and stability analysis were carried out for 16 rice (oryza sativa l.) quality traits across eight environments, by using a set of chromosome segment substitution lines with 'asominori' as genetic background. the 16 quality traits include percentage of grain with chalkiness (pgwc), area of chalky endosperm (ace), amylose content (ac), protein content (pc), peak viscosity, hot paste viscosity, cool paste viscosity, breakdown viscosity (bdv), setback viscosity ... | 2011 | 21217807 |
| method for simple and rapid enumeration of total epiphytic bacteria in the washing solution of rice plants. | the phyllosphere is one of the most common habitats for terrestrial bacteria. however, little is known about the populations of bacteria, including unculturable bacteria, that thrive on plant surfaces. here, we developed a fluorescent nuclear staining technique to easily and rapidly observe and enumerate populations of total and living epiphytic bacteria, with particular emphasis on the concentration by centrifugation and fixation of the epiphytic bacteria. an investigation on the optimal condit ... | 2011 | 21217798 |
| rice brittleness mutants: a way to open the 'black box' of monocot cell wall biosynthesis. | rice is a model organism for studying the mechanism of cell wall biosynthesis and remolding in gramineae. mechanical strength is an important agronomy trait of rice (oryza sativa l.) plants that affects crop lodging and grain yield. as a prominent physical property of cell walls, mechanical strength reflects upon the structure of different wall polymers and how they interact. studies on the mechanisms that regulate the mechanical strength therefore consequently results in uncovering the genes fu ... | 2011 | 21205179 |
| drought-induced site-specific dna methylation and its association with drought tolerance in rice (oryza sativa l.). | an indica pyramiding line, dk151, and its recurrent parent, ir64, were evaluated under drought stress and non-stress conditions for three consecutive seasons. dk151 showed significantly improved tolerance to drought. the dna methylation changes in dk151 and ir64 under drought stress and subsequent recovery were assessed using methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism analysis. our results indicate that drought-induced genome-wide dna methylation changes accounted for ∼12.1% of the total site- ... | 2011 | 21193578 |
| cytoplasm affects grain weight and filled-grain ratio in indica rice. | cytoplasmic effects on agronomic traits--involving cytoplasmic and nuclear genomes of either different species or different cultivars--are well documented in wheat but have seldom been demonstrated in rice (oryza sativa l.). to detect cytoplasmic effects, we introgressed the nuclear genomes of three indica cultivars--guichao 2, jiangchengkugu, and dianrui 449--into the cytoplasms of six indica cultivars - dijiaowujian, shenglixian, zhuzhan, nantehao, aizizhan, and peta. these 18 nuclear substitu ... | 2011 | 21631950 |
| transcriptome map of plant mitochondria reveals islands of unexpected transcribed regions. | plant mitochondria contain a relatively large amount of genetic information, suggesting that their functional regulation may not be as straightforward as that of metazoans. we used a genomic tiling array to draw a transcriptomic atlas of oryza sativa japonica (rice) mitochondria, which was predicted to be approximately 490-kb long. | 2011 | 21627843 |
| differential molecular responses of rice and wheat coleoptiles to anoxia reveal novel metabolic adaptations in amino acid metabolism for tissue tolerance. | rice (oryza sativa) and wheat (triticum aestivum) are the most important starch crops in world agriculture. while both germinate with an anatomically similar coleoptile, this tissue defines the early anoxia tolerance of rice and the anoxia intolerance of wheat seedlings. we combined protein and metabolite profiling analysis to compare the differences in response to anoxia between the rice and wheat coleoptiles. rice coleoptiles responded to anoxia dramatically, not only at the level of protein s ... | 2011 | 21622811 |
| frequent gene movement and pseudogene evolution is common to the large and complex genomes of wheat, barley, and their relatives. | all six arms of the group 1 chromosomes of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum) were sequenced with roche/454 to 1.3- to 2.2-fold coverage and compared with similar data sets from the homoeologous chromosome 1h of barley (hordeum vulgare). six to ten thousand gene sequences were sampled per chromosome. these were classified into genes that have their closest homologs in the triticeae group 1 syntenic region in brachypodium, rice (oryza sativa), and/or sorghum (sorghum bicolor) and genes that have ... | 2011 | 21622801 |
| introgression of qpe9-1 allele, conferring the panicle erectness, leads to the decrease of grain yield per plant in japonica rice (oryza sativa l.). | panicle architecture is closely related to yield formation. the qpe9-1 gene has been proved to be widely used in high-yield rice cultivar developments, conferring erect panicle character in japonica rice. recently, qpe9-1 has been successfully cloned; however, the genetic effect on grain yield per plant of the erect panicle allele qpe9-1 is controversial yet. in the present study, a drooping panicle parent nongken 57, carrying qpe9-1 allele, was used as recurrent parent to successively backcross ... | 2011 | 21621743 |
| ossgo1 maintains synaptonemal complex stabilization in addition to protecting centromeric cohesion during rice meiosis. | shugoshin is a conserved protein in eukaryotes that protects the centromeric cohesin of sister chromatids from cleavage by separase during meiosis. in this study, we identify the rice (oryza sativa, 2n=2x=24) homolog of zmsgo1 in maize (zea mays), named ossgo1. during both mitosis and meiosis, ossgo1 is recruited from nucleoli onto centromeres at the onset of prophase. in the tos17-insertional ossgo1-1 mutant, centromeres of sister chromatids separate precociously from each other from metaphase ... | 2011 | 21615569 |
| reduced expression of a gene encoding a golgi localized monosaccharide transporter (osgmst1) confers hypersensitivity to salt in rice (oryza sativa). | sugar transport is critical for normal plant development and stress responses. however, functional evidence for the roles of monosaccharide transporters in rice (oryza sativa) has not previously been presented. in this study, reversed genetics was used to identify osgmst1 as a member of the monosaccharide transporter family in rice. the predicted 481 amino acid protein has the typical features of a sugar transporter in the plastid glucose transporter subfamily consistent with reduced monosacchar ... | 2011 | 21613379 |
| gene coexpression network alignment and conservation of gene modules between two grass species: maize and rice. | one major objective for plant biology is the discovery of molecular subsystems underlying complex traits. the use of genetic and genomic resources combined in a systems genetics approach offers a means for approaching this goal. this study describes a maize (zea mays) gene coexpression network built from publicly available expression arrays. the maize network consisted of 2,071 loci that were divided into 34 distinct modules that contained 1,928 enriched functional annotation terms and 35 cofunc ... | 2011 | 21606319 |
| osrec8 is essential for chromatid cohesion and metaphase i monopolar orientation in rice meiosis. | the successful transmission of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis relies on the establishment and subsequent release of cohesion between replicated chromatids. cohesion is mediated by a four-subunit structural maintenance of chromosome complex, called cohesins. rec8 is a key component of this meiotic cohesion complex in most model organisms studied to date. here, we isolated and dissected the functions of osrec8, a rice (oryza sativa) rec8 homolog, using two null osrec8 mutants. we showed th ... | 2011 | 21606318 |
| developing rice with high yield under phosphorus deficiency: pup1 sequence to application. | the major quantitative trait locus (qtl) phosphorus uptake1 (pup1) confers tolerance of phosphorus deficiency in soil and is currently one of the most promising qtls for the development of tolerant rice (oryza sativa) varieties. to facilitate targeted introgression of pup1 into intolerant varieties, the gene models predicted in the pup1 region in the donor variety kasalath were used to develop gene-based molecular markers that are evenly distributed over the fine-mapped 278-kb qtl region. to val ... | 2011 | 21602323 |
| gene space dynamics during the evolution of aegilops tauschii, brachypodium distachyon, oryza sativa, and sorghum bicolor genomes. | nine different regions totaling 9.7 mb of the 4.02 gb aegilops tauschii genome were sequenced using the sanger sequencing technology and compared with orthologous brachypodium distachyon, oryza sativa (rice), and sorghum bicolor (sorghum) genomic sequences. the ancestral gene content in these regions was inferred and used to estimate gene deletion and gene duplication rates along each branch of the phylogenetic tree relating the four species. the total gene number in the extant ae. tauschii geno ... | 2011 | 21470968 |
| mitigation effects of silicon rich amendments on heavy metal accumulation in rice (oryza sativa l.) planted on multi-metal contaminated acidic soil. | the mechanisms of stabilization by silicon-rich amendments of cadmium, zinc, copper and lead in a multi-metal contaminated acidic soil and the mitigation of metal accumulation in rice were investigated in this study. the results from a pot experiment indicated that the application of fly ash (20 and 40gkg(-1)) and steel slag (3 and 6gkg(-1)) increased soil ph from 4.0 to 5.0-6.4, decreased the phytoavailability of heavy metals by at least 60%, and further suppressed metal uptake by rice. diffusi ... | 2011 | 21470654 |
| comparative genetic analysis of a wheat seed dormancy qtl with rice and brachypodium identifies candidate genes for aba perception and calcium signaling. | wheat preharvest sprouting (phs) occurs when seed germinates on the plant before harvest resulting in reduced grain quality. in wheat, phs susceptibility is correlated with low levels of seed dormancy. a previous mapping of quantitative trait loci (qtl) revealed a major phs/seed dormancy qtl, qphs.cnl-2b.1, located on wheat chromosome 2b. a comparative genetic study with the related grass species rice (oryza sativa l.) and brachypodium distachyon at the homologous region to the qphs.cnl-2b.1 int ... | 2011 | 21468744 |
| collinearity-based marker mining for the fine mapping of pm6, a powdery mildew resistance gene in wheat. | the genome sequences of rice (oryza sativa l.) and brachypodium distachyon and the comprehensive triticeae est (expressed sequence tag) resources provide invaluable information for comparative genomics analysis. the powdery mildew resistance gene, pm6, which was introgressed into common wheat from triticum timopheevii, was previously mapped to the wheat chromosome bin of 2bl [fraction length (fl) 0.50-1.00] with limited dna markers. in this study, we saturated the pm6 locus in wheat using the co ... | 2011 | 21468676 |
| unlocking the barley genome by chromosomal and comparative genomics. | we used a novel approach that incorporated chromosome sorting, next-generation sequencing, array hybridization, and systematic exploitation of conserved synteny with model grasses to assign ~86% of the estimated ~32,000 barley (hordeum vulgare) genes to individual chromosome arms. using a series of bioinformatically constructed genome zippers that integrate gene indices of rice (oryza sativa), sorghum (sorghum bicolor), and brachypodium distachyon in a conserved synteny model, we were able to as ... | 2011 | 21467582 |
| influence of short-term silicon application on endogenous physiohormonal levels of oryza sativa l. under wounding stress. | the current study was conducted in order to investigate the short-term effects (6, 12, and 24 h) of silicon (si) on the endogenous hormonal composition of rice (oryza sativa l. cv. dongjin-beyo), with and without wounding stress. si applied in different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mm) significantly promoted shoot length, plant biomass, and chlorophyll content of rice plants. plants treated with different concentrations of sole si for 6, 12, and 24 h had higher endogenous jasmonic acid cont ... | 2011 | 21465280 |
| lessons from engineering a single-cell c(4) photosynthetic pathway into rice. | the transfer of c(4) plant traits into c(3) plants has long been a strategy for improving the photosynthetic performance of c(3) plants. the introduction of a pathway mimicking the c(4) photosynthetic pathway into the mesophyll cells of c(3) plants was only a realistic approach when transgenic technology was sufficiently well developed and widely adopted. here an attempt to introduce a single-cell c(4)-like pathway in which co(2) capture and release occur in the mesophyll cell, such as the one f ... | 2011 | 21459764 |
| three-dimensional root phenotyping with a novel imaging and software platform. | a novel imaging and software platform was developed for the high-throughput phenotyping of three-dimensional root traits during seedling development. to demonstrate the platform's capacity, plants of two rice (oryza sativa) genotypes, azucena and ir64, were grown in a transparent gellan gum system and imaged daily for 10 d. rotational image sequences consisting of 40 two-dimensional images were captured using an optically corrected digital imaging system. three-dimensional root reconstructions w ... | 2011 | 21454799 |
| studies of o,o-dimethyl α-(2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetoxy)ethylphosphonate (hw02) as a new herbicide. 1. synthesis and herbicidal activity of hw02 and analogues as novel inhibitors of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. | on the basis of the previous work for optimization of o,o-diethyl α-(substituted phenoxyacetoxy)alkylphosphonates, further extensive synthetic modifications were made to the substituents in alkylphosphonate and phenoxy moieties of the title compounds. new o,o-dimethyl α-(substituted phenoxyacetoxy)alkylphosphonates were synthesized as potential inhibitors of pyruvate dehydorogenase complex (pdhc). their herbicidal activity and efficacy in vitro against pdhc were examined. some of these compounds ... | 2011 | 21452831 |
| rice-map: a new-generation rice genome browser. | the concurrent release of rice genome sequences for two subspecies (oryza sativa l. ssp. japonica and oryza sativa l. ssp. indica) facilitates rice studies at the whole genome level. since the advent of high-throughput analysis, huge amounts of functional genomics data have been delivered rapidly, making an integrated online genome browser indispensable for scientists to visualize and analyze these data. based on next-generation web technologies and high-throughput experimental data, we have dev ... | 2011 | 21450055 |
| ossfr6 is a functional rice orthologue of sensitive to freezing-6 and can act as a regulator of cor gene expression, osmotic stress and freezing tolerance in arabidopsis. | the arabidopsis protein sensitive to freezing-6 (atsfr6) is required for cold- and drought-inducible expression of cold-on regulated (cor) genes and, as a consequence, atsfr6 is essential for osmotic stress and freezing tolerance in arabidopsis. therefore, orthologues of atsfr6 in crop species represent important candidate targets for future manipulation of stress tolerance. we identified and cloned a homologue of atsfr6 from rice (oryza sativa), ossfr6, and confirmed its orthology in arabidopsi ... | 2011 | 21585388 |
| rice develop wavy seminal roots in response to light stimulus. | rice (oryza sativa l.) seminal roots are the primary roots to emerge from germinated seeds. here, we demonstrate that the photomorphology of the seminal roots was diverse among rice varieties, and the light-induced wavy roots were found mostly in indica-type rice varieties. the light-induced wavy morphology in rice seminal roots has been different with curling or coiling roots in some other specific conditions, such as high air humidity or high nitrogen nutrient. the efficiency of light-induced ... | 2011 | 21573806 |