Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| canine adenoviruses elicit both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses against rabies following immunisation of sheep. | safe and efficient vaccination is important for rabies prevention in domestic animals. replicative vectors expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein, derived from canine adenovirus have been reported to be promising vaccines in various animal models. in this paper we compare the potential of a replicative and a non-replicative vector, both based on canine adenovirus type 2 and expressing the rabies glycoprotein. upon inoculation in sheep, immune responses against the rabies virus protein elicited ... | 2010 | 21134446 |
| emerging tropical diseases in australia. part 3. australian bat lyssavirus. | since its discovery in a juvenile black flying fox (pteropus alecto) in 1996, australian bat lyssavirus (ablv) has become the cause of a potentially important emerging disease for health authorities in australia, with two human deaths (one in 1996 and one in 1998) attributed to the virus in the north-eastern state of queensland. in australia, the virus has been isolated from all four species of flying fox found on the mainland (i.e. p. alecto, p. scapulatus, p. poliocephalus and p. conspicillatu ... | 2010 | 21144181 |
| transgenic targeting of recombinant rabies virus reveals monosynaptic connectivity of specific neurons. | understanding how neural circuits work requires a detailed knowledge of cellular-level connectivity. our current understanding of neural circuitry is limited by the constraints of existing tools for transsynaptic tracing. some of the most intractable problems are a lack of cellular specificity of uptake, transport across multiple synaptic steps conflating direct and indirect inputs, and poor labeling of minor inputs. we used a novel combination of transgenic mouse technology and a recently devel ... | 2010 | 21147990 |
| more accurate insight into the incidence of human rabies in developing countries through validated laboratory techniques. | 2010 | 21152054 | |
| behavior of wild-type and transfected s2 cells cultured in two different media. | an animal protein-free medium composed of ipl-41 containing 6 g l(-1) yeastolate ultrafiltrate, 10 g l(-1) glucose, 2 g l(-1) lactose, 5 g l(-1) glutamine, 1% lipid emulsion, and 0.1% pluronic f-68 was used for producing recombinant proteins in batch mode employing two cell lines, s2acrvgp2k expressing the g glycoprotein from rabies virus (rvgp) and s2achbsaghy-9c expressing the surface antigen of hepatitis b virus (hbsag), both obtained from drosophila melanogaster s2 cells. growth of wild-type ... | 2010 | 21161610 |
| [study on the status of infection and distribution of rabies virus in china.] | objective: to investigate the status of infection and distribution of rabies virus (rv) in different epidemic areas in china. methods: brain specimens from animals and suspected patients were collected at the districts of high-, medium- and low incidence rates of human rabies and detected by both direct immunofluorescence assay (dfa) and rt-pcr. results: 254 of 3007 specimens of dog brains showed rv positive by dfa (positive rate of 8.4%). among these 254 samples, 78 showed positive (positive ra ... | 2010 | 21163029 |
| spatially asymmetric reorganization of inhibition establishes a motion-sensitive circuit. | spatial asymmetries in neural connectivity have an important role in creating basic building blocks of neuronal processing. a key circuit module of directionally selective (ds) retinal ganglion cells is a spatially asymmetric inhibitory input from starburst amacrine cells. it is not known how and when this circuit asymmetry is established during development. here we photostimulate mouse starburst cells targeted with channelrhodopsin-2 (refs 6-8) while recording from a single genetically labelled ... | 2010 | 21170022 |
| a recombinant rabies virus expressing luciferase. | a recombinant rabies virus (rv) expressing firefly luciferase (rrv-luc) was generated by an improved reverse genetics system. its biological properties were compared with those of the parental rv. the rrv-luc grew in bhk-21 cells similarly to rv, but its virulence for mice was weaker as shown by the lower infectious titers in brain. rising infectious titers of rrv-luc during its passaging in bhk-21 cells indicated a virus adaptation, while the luciferase (luc) expression was stable. these result ... | 2010 | 21175249 |
| cortical representations of olfactory input by trans-synaptic tracing. | in the mouse, each class of olfactory receptor neurons expressing a given odorant receptor has convergent axonal projections to two specific glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, thereby creating an odour map. however, it is unclear how this map is represented in the olfactory cortex. here we combine rabies-virus-dependent retrograde mono-trans-synaptic labelling with genetics to control the location, number and type of 'starter' cortical neurons, from which we trace their presynaptic neurons. we fin ... | 2010 | 21179085 |
| evolutionary dynamics of rabies viruses highlights the importance of china rabies transmission in asia. | rabies in asia is emerging as a serious public health issue. to explore the possible origin, phylogenetic relationships, and evolutionary dynamics of asian rabies viruses (rabv), we examined 200 complete nucleoprotein (n) gene sequences from rabv isolates in the region. phylogeny supported the classification of asian rabvs into five distinct clusters in lyssavirus genotype 1. our geospatial and temporal analyses demonstrated that china appears to be the prime source of asian rabvs. understanding ... | 2010 | 21195445 |
| molecular docking studies with rabies virus glycoprotein to design viral therapeutics. | the genome of rabies virus encodes five proteins; the nucleoprotein, the phosphoprotein, the matrix protein, the glycoprotein, and the rna-dependent rna polymerase. among these, the glycoprotein is the most important as it is the major contributor to pathogenicity and virus neutralizing antibody response. keeping in mind that glycoprotein is the only protein exposed on the surface of virus and is thought to be responsible for the interaction with the cell membrane, it was attempted to target gly ... | 2010 | 21218060 |
| rabies in the eastern cape province of south africa--where are we going wrong? | rabies is a growing problem in the eastern cape province of south africa. this study investigated dog ecology, vaccination coverage and rabies neutralising antibody levels in 203 randomly selected dogs within a local municipality in the former transkei area. responses to vaccination were also evaluated in 80 of these dogs. the population was remarkably uniform in size, breed and condition. slightly over 1/5th of the population was between 6 weeks and 1 year of age, while very few dogs reached 10 ... | 2010 | 21526734 |
| terrestrial rabies and human postexposure prophylaxis, new york, usa. | during 1993-2002, cats accounted for 2.7% of rabid terrestrial animals in new york but for one third of human exposure incidents and treatments. nonbite exposures and animals of undetermined rabies status accounted for 54% and 56%, respectively, of persons receiving rabies treatments. | 2010 | 20202438 |
| production of glycoprotein-deleted rabies viruses for monosynaptic tracing and high-level gene expression in neurons. | recombinant rabies viruses rendered replication-deficient by the deletion of their envelope glycoprotein gene are useful tools for neuroscientists, permitting (1) extraordinarily high transgene expression levels within neurons, (2) retrograde infection of projection neurons through their axon terminals, (3) targeted infection of genetically specified neurons and (4) monosynaptic tracing of neuronal inputs. here we present a detailed protocol for the production of high-titer and high-purity viral ... | 2010 | 20203674 |
| management and outcomes after multiple corneal and solid organ transplantations from a donor infected with rabies virus. | this article describes multiple transmissions of rabies via transplanted solid organ from a single infected donor. the empirical milwaukee treatment regimen was used in the recipients. | 2010 | 20205588 |
| identification of protein interaction regions of vinc/neat1/men epsilon rna. | the virus inducible non-coding rna (vinc) was detected initially in the brain of mice infected with japanese encephalitis virus (jev) and rabies virus. vinc is also known as neat1 or men epsilon rna. it is localized in the nuclear paraspeckles of several murine as well as human cell lines and is essential for paraspeckle formation. we demonstrate that vinc interacts with the paraspeckle protein, p54nrb through three different protein interaction regions (pirs) one of which (pir-1) is localized n ... | 2010 | 20211624 |
| reconstruction and expression of the mri-contrast protein, ferritin, with recombinant rabies vectors. | attenuated recombinant rabies vector could be an ideal system for delivery of contrast agent gene for magnetic resonance imaging (mri) because of its neurotropic nature. in this study, the gene of a biomolecular contrast agent, ferritin, was successfully cloned into two rabies virus vectors, vaccine-based pctn and street strain-based pnh. recombinant virus granules were obtained and proved to express ferritin by rt-pcr after transfection of ctn-ferritin and nh-ferritin vector systems in bhk-21 c ... | 2010 | 20213528 |
| temporal and spatial dynamics of rabies viruses in china and southeast asia. | phylogenetic studies have revealed a profound understanding about the biodiversity of rabies viruses in china, but little is known about their evolutionary dynamics in the country. in the present study, the complete g gene sequences of 33 rabies virus isolates (rabvs) isolated from distinct chinese provinces were determined and phylogenetic analysis was conducted using these g sequences and 93 others retrieved from genbank representing china and southeast asia. further evolutionary history of ra ... | 2010 | 20214936 |
| evolutionary history of african mongoose rabies. | two biotypes or variants of rabies virus (rabv) occur in southern africa. these variants are respectively adapted to hosts belonging to the canidae family (the canid variant) and hosts belonging to the herpestidae family (the mongoose variant). due to the distinct host adaptation and differences in epidemiology and pathogenesis, it has been hypothesized that the two variants were introduced into africa at different times. the objective of this study was to investigate the molecular phylogeny of ... | 2010 | 20214938 |
| targeted delivery of sirna to macrophages for anti-inflammatory treatment. | inflammation mediated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) and the associated neuronal apoptosis characterizes a number of neurologic disorders. macrophages and microglial cells are believed to be the major source of tnf-alpha in the central nervous system (cns). here, we show that suppression of tnf-alpha by targeted delivery of small interfering rna (sirna) to macrophage/microglial cells dramatically reduces lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis in viv ... | 2010 | 20216529 |
| rabies-specific antibodies: measuring surrogates of protection against a fatal disease. | antibodies play a central role in prophylaxis against many infectious agents. while neutralization is a primary function of antibodies, the fc- and complement-dependent activities of these multifunctional proteins may also be critical in their ability to provide protection against most viruses. protection against viral pathogens in vivo is complex, and while virus neutralization--the ability of antibody to inactivate virus infectivity, often measured in vitro--is important, it is often only a pa ... | 2010 | 20231877 |
| ins and outs of cerebellar modules. | the modular concept of cerebellar connections has been advocated in the lifetime work of jan voogd. in this concept, a cerebellar module is defined as the conglomerate of one or multiple and non-adjacent, parasagittally arranged zones of purkinje cells, their specific projection to a well-defined region of the cerebellar nuclei, and the climbing fiber input to these zones by a well-defined region of the inferior olivary complex. the modular organization of these olivo-cortico-nuclear connections ... | 2010 | 20232190 |
| feline vaccination protocols: is a consensus emerging? | three international panels have been established over the past 11 years to provide veterinarians with guidelines on the use of feline vaccines. these are the american association of feline practitioners (aafp) feline vaccine advisory panel, the world small animal association vaccine guidelines group (wsava vgg) and the european advisory board on cat diseases (abcd). the major recommendations of these three panels are summarised to show areas of agreement and areas of discrepancy. while the recom ... | 2010 | 20235015 |
| rabies virus nucleoprotein functions to evade activation of the rig-i-mediated antiviral response. | the rabies virus ni-ce strain causes nonlethal infection in adult mice after intracerebral inoculation, whereas the parental nishigahara (ni) strain kills mice. we previously reported that the chimeric ce(nin) strain with the n gene from the ni strain in the genetic background of the ni-ce strain kills adult mice, indicating that the n gene is related to the different pathogenicities of ni and ni-ce strains. in the present study, to obtain an insight into the mechanism by which the n gene determ ... | 2010 | 20130065 |
| safety and immunogenicity of an ama1 malaria vaccine in malian children: results of a phase 1 randomized controlled trial. | the objective was to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the ama1-based malaria vaccine fmp2.1/as02(a) in children exposed to seasonal falciparum malaria. | 2010 | 20140214 |
| distribution of hypothalamic neurons with orexin (hypocretin) or melanin concentrating hormone (mch) immunoreactivity and multisynaptic connections with diaphragm motoneurons. | prior work showed that neurons in the lateral, dorsal, and perifornical regions of the tuberal and mammillary levels of the hypothalamus participate in the control of breathing. the same areas also contain large numbers of neurons that produce either orexins (hypocretins) or melanin concentrating hormone (mch). these peptides have been implicated in regulating energy balance and physiological changes that occur in transitions between sleep and wakefulness, amongst other functions. the goal of th ... | 2010 | 20144885 |
| a disynaptic relay from superior colliculus to dorsal stream visual cortex in macaque monkey. | the superior colliculus (sc) is the first station in a subcortical relay of retinal information to extrastriate visual cortex. ascending sc projections pass through pulvinar and lgn on their way to cortex, but it is not clear how many synapses are required to complete these circuits or which cortical areas are involved. to examine this relay directly, we injected transynaptic rabies virus into several extrastriate visual areas. we observed disynaptically labeled cells in superficial, retino-reci ... | 2010 | 20152132 |
| [epidemiologic monitoring of human rabies in an endemic canine rabies area in the ivory coast]. | the objective of this study was to analyze the epidemiologic monitoring of human rabies in the rabies medical center of abidjan. | 2010 | 20167447 |
| [efficacy of intradermal regimen using japanese rabies vaccine for pre-exposure prophylaxis]. | in japan, only one vaccine is commercially available for rabies (chemo-sero-therapeutic institute (kaketsuken), kumamoto, japan). it is a tissue-cultured inactivated vaccine made using purified chick embryo cells (pcec-k) and administered subcutaneously using a schedule differing from that recommended by the world health organization (who). the current regimen of pre-exposure prophylaxis for rabies in japan consists of three subcutaneous administrations of pcec-k vaccine at 0, 28, and 180 days, ... | 2010 | 20170007 |
| recombinant rabies virus glycoprotein synthesis in bioreactor by transfected drosophila melanogaster s2 cells carrying a constitutive or an inducible promoter. | s2 cell populations (s2acrvgp2k and s2mtrvgp-hy) were selected after transfection of gene expression vectors carrying the cdna encoding the rabies virus glycoprotein (rvgp) gene under the control of the constitutive (actin) or inductive (metallothionein) promoters. these cell populations were cultivated in a 1l bioreactor mimicking a large scale bioprocess. cell cultures were carried out at 90 rpm and monitored/controlled for temperature (28 degrees c) and dissolved oxygen (10 or 50% air saturat ... | 2010 | 20176061 |
| molecular epidemiology of rabies virus in romania provides evidence for a high degree of heterogeneity and virus diversity. | rabies has been present in romania since antiquity and remains a continual threat to veterinary and public health. the current epizootic of rabies in romania is fox mediated. however, little is known about the genetic diversity among rabies virus isolates from this part of the balkan region. in this study, we analyzed a cohort of 64 rabies viruses isolated from infected animals in romania collected between 2005 and 2008. partial nucleoprotein sequence data (322 bp) were obtained and compared to ... | 2010 | 20178821 |
| role of oxidative stress in rabies virus infection of adult mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons. | rabies virus infection of dorsal root ganglia (drg) was studied in vitro with cultured adult mouse drg neurons. recent in vivo studies of transgenic mice that express the yellow fluorescent protein indicate that neuronal process degeneration, involving both dendrites and axons, occurs in mice infected with the challenge virus standard (cvs) strain of rabies virus by footpad inoculation. because of the similarities of the morphological changes in experimental rabies and in diabetic neuropathy and ... | 2010 | 20181692 |
| presumptive abortive human rabies - texas, 2009. | rabies is a serious zoonotic disease. recovery has been well documented in only six human patients worldwide. five of those patients had received rabies vaccinations before illness; one had not received rabies vaccination but survived infection after prolonged intensive care. in most of these survivors, moderate to profound neurologic sequelae occurred. in all six survivors, rabies was diagnosed based on exposure history, compatible clinical symptoms, and detection of rabies virus-neutralizing a ... | 2010 | 20186117 |
| mapping of neural pathways that influence diaphragm activity and project to the lumbar spinal cord in cats. | during breathing, the diaphragm and abdominal muscles contract out of phase. however, during other behaviors (including vomiting, postural adjustments, and locomotion) simultaneous contractions are required of the diaphragm and other muscle groups including abdominal muscles. recent studies in cats using transneuronal tracing techniques showed that in addition to neurons in the respiratory groups, cells in the inferior and lateral vestibular nuclei (vn) and medial pontomedullary reticular format ... | 2010 | 20186399 |
| human rabies due to lyssavirus infection of bat origin. | rabies is a fatal viral encephalitis and results from infection with viruses belonging to the genus lyssavirus. infection usually results from a bite from a dog infected with classical rabies virus. however, a small number of cases result from contact with bats. it is within bats that most lyssavirus variants, referred to as genotypes, are found. the lyssaviruses found in bats have a distinct geographical distribution and are often restricted to specific bat species. most have been associated wi ... | 2010 | 20188498 |
| characterization of a single-cycle rabies virus-based vaccine vector. | recombinant rabies virus (rv)-based vectors have demonstrated their efficacy in generating long-term, antigen-specific immune responses in murine and monkey models. however, replication-competent viral vectors pose significant safety concerns due to vector pathogenicity. rv pathogenicity is largely attributed to its glycoprotein (rv-g), which facilitates the attachment and entry of rv into host cells. we have developed a live, single-cycle rv by deletion of the g gene from an rv vaccine vector e ... | 2010 | 20053743 |
| effect of serial subculturing on the genetic composition and cytotoxic activity of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | continuous subculture has been observed to produce changes in the virulence of micro-organisms, e.g. rabies virus, poliovirus and mycobacterium bovis bcg. the latter has been used as a vaccine for tuberculosis for the last 100 years; however, in some instances its efficacy has been observed to be very low. in order to determine whether similar changes can be produced in mycobacterium tuberculosis, we selected four isolates, m. tuberculosis h37rv, a beijing strain (dr-689), and two more isolates ... | 2010 | 20056774 |
| pre-exposure immunization against rabies using japanese rabies vaccine following the who recommended schedule. | we examined the efficacy and safety of the japanese purified chick embryo cell rabies vaccine (pcec-k) when administered on days 0, 7, and 28, as recommended by the who. post-vaccination serum samples were obtained from 53 human subjects, and rabies antibody titers were determined by a combination of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and neutralizing antibody (na) assay. by day 42 of the experiment, which was 2 weeks after the third dose, all subjects had developed na titers of 0.5 iu/ml ... | 2010 | 20063031 |
| functional analysis of rousettus aegyptiacus "signal transducer and activator of transcription 1" (stat1). | bats are now known as the source of several diseases in humans, but few studies regarding immune responses and factors associated with bats have so far been reported. in this study, we focused on stat1, one of the critical components in interferon (ifn)-signaling and antiviral activity, which is often targeted by viral proteins to reduce antiviral activity and increase viral replication. we found that rousettus aegyptiacus stat1 (bat stat1) is phosphorylatable and translocates to the nucleus whe ... | 2010 | 20067804 |
| development of a reverse genetics system for a human rabies virus vaccine strain employed in china. | the ctn rabies virus was isolated from a human in china in 1953 and subsequently attenuated by multiple passaging to a vaccine strain now approved by the who. in this study, we describe the development of a reverse genetics system for the ctn rabies virus strain. the recombinant full-length genomic cdna was flanked by a hammerhead ribozyme (hamrz) and the hepatitis delta virus ribozyme (hdvrz) while the non-coding g-l region was replaced with a green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene. a set of help ... | 2010 | 20080136 |
| phylogenetic analysis of rabies viruses from burkina faso, 2007. | genetic characterization of 32 canine rabies viruses circulating in burkina faso in 2007 identified two clades both belonging to the africa 2 lineage. sequence homology data suggest that transboundary spread is the most likely means of introduction, highlighting an evolving epidemiological situation. | 2010 | 19968849 |
| intergenotypic replacement of lyssavirus matrix proteins demonstrates the role of lyssavirus m proteins in intracellular virus accumulation. | lyssavirus assembly depends on the matrix protein (m). we compared lyssavirus m proteins from different genotypes for their ability to support assembly and egress of genotype 1 rabies virus (rabv). transcomplementation of m-deficient rabv with m from european bat lyssavirus (eblv) types 1 and 2 reduced the release of infectious virus. stable introduction of the heterogenotypic m proteins into rabv led to chimeric viruses with reduced virus release and intracellular accumulation of virus genomes. ... | 2010 | 19955305 |
| seroprevalences to viral pathogens in free-ranging and captive cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) on namibian farmland. | cheetah populations are diminishing rapidly in their natural habitat. one reason for their decline is thought to be a high susceptibility to (infectious) diseases because cheetahs in zoos suffer from high disease-induced mortality. data on the health status of free-ranging cheetahs are scarce, and little is known about their exposure and susceptibility to infectious diseases. we determined seroprevalences to nine key viruses (feline herpesvirus 1, feline calicivirus, feline parvovirus, feline co ... | 2010 | 19955325 |
| advances in viral transneuronal tracing. | powerful transneuronal tracing technologies exploit the ability of some neurotropic viruses to travel across neuronal pathways and to function as self-amplifying markers. two main classes of viral transneuronal tracers are available, derived from alpha-herpesviruses (herpes simplex virus type 1, pseudorabies) and rabies virus. depending on the virus type and strain, there are major differences with regard to host range, peripheral uptake, replication mechanisms, transport direction and specifici ... | 2010 | 20004688 |
| low genetic diversities of rabies virus populations within different hosts in brazil. | the low rates of nonsynonymous evolution observed in natural rabies virus (rabv) isolates are suggested to have arisen in association with the structural and functional constraints operating on the virus protein and the infection strategies employed by rabv within infected hosts to avoid strong selection by the immune response. in order to investigate the relationship between the genetic characteristics of rabv populations within hosts and the virus evolution, the present study examined the gene ... | 2010 | 20018256 |
| serologic response to rabies pre-exposure vaccination in persons with potential occupational exposure in singapore. | sixty-six animal workers received primary rabies vaccination with purified vero cell vaccine (pvrv, verorab). one year later, 26 (39%) demonstrated antibody titers below the recommended minimum of 0.5 iu/ml, and required a booster. all 15 of a separate group reporting primary vaccination with at least one booster had titers above 0.5 iu/ml 1 year later, demonstrating long-term boostable immunity. rabies antibody titers should be checked 1 year after primary rabies vaccination in persons at high ... | 2010 | 20018545 |
| retraction. "tracking the footprints of the rabies virus: are we any closer to decoding this elusive virus?" by mahadevan a, suja ms, madhusudana sn, et al. | 2010 | 20026705 | |
| motor and non-motor projections from the cerebellum to rostrocaudally distinct sectors of the dorsal premotor cortex in macaques. | in the caudal part of the dorsal premotor cortex of macaques (area f2), both anatomical and physiological studies have identified two rostrocaudally separate sectors. the rostral sector (f2r) is located medial to the genu of the arcuate sulcus, and the caudal sector (f2c) is located lateral to the superior precentral dimple. here we examined the sites of origin of projections from the cerebellum to f2r and f2c. we applied retrograde transsynaptic transport of a neurotropic virus, cvs-11 of rabie ... | 2010 | 20384784 |
| [targeted inhibition of rabies virus replication in vitro by single chain antibody domain mediated vector expression shrna delivery]. | single chain antibody-mediated delivery is a novel approach for targeting shrna to appropriate cells. in this report, we studied whether this shrna delivery strategy would be effective against rabies virus. | 2010 | 20387470 |
| antibody levels against rabies among occupationally exposed individuals in a nigerian university. | the authors investigated the levels of anti-glycoprotein antibodies against rabies virus in the sera of occupationally exposed humans at the university of ibadan, nigeria. a quantitative indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to detect rabies virus anti-glycoprotein antibodies in sera from 20 zoological garden workers, 20 veterinarians and 30 clinical veterinary students at the university of ibadan. the sera were obtained between september 2008 and february 2009. of these 70 ... | 2010 | 20391364 |
| new rabies virus variant found during an epizootic in white-nosed coatis from the yucatan peninsula. | in february 2008, three white-nosed coatis (nasua narica) were found dead in a recreational park in cancun, mexico. the diagnosis of rabies virus (rabv) infection was confirmed by direct immunofluorescence test. the phylogenetic analysis performed with the complete rabv nucleoprotein gene positioned this isolate close to a sequence of a human rabies case reported during 2008 from oaxaca, mexico, sharing 93% similarity. in turn, these two variants are related to another variant found in rabid tad ... | 2010 | 20392303 |
| comparative analysis of rabies virus isolates from brazilian canids and bats based on the g gene and g-l intergenic region. | rabies virus (rabv) isolates from two species of canids and three species of bats were analyzed by comparing the c-terminal region of the g gene and the g-l intergenic region of the virus genome. intercluster identities for the genetic sequences of the isolates showed both regions to be poorly conserved. phylogenetic trees were generated by the neighbor-joining and maximum parsimony methods, and the results were found to agree between the two methods for both regions. putative amino acid sequenc ... | 2010 | 20401500 |
| a method for simultaneous detection and identification of brazilian dog- and vampire bat-related rabies virus by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. | at present, the sporadic occurrence of human rabies in brazil can be attributed primarily to dog- and vampire bat-related rabies viruses. reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) was employed as a simultaneous detection method for both rabies field variants within 60 min. vampire bat-related rabies viruses could be distinguished from dog variants by digesting amplicons of the rt-lamp reaction using the restriction enzyme alwi. amplification and digestion could both ... | 2010 | 20403387 |
| the basal ganglia communicate with the cerebellum. | the basal ganglia and cerebellum are major subcortical structures that influence not only movement, but putatively also cognition and affect. both structures receive input from and send output to the cerebral cortex. thus, the basal ganglia and cerebellum form multisynaptic loops with the cerebral cortex. basal ganglia and cerebellar loops have been assumed to be anatomically separate and to perform distinct functional operations. we investigated whether there is any direct route for basal gangl ... | 2010 | 20404184 |
| spatial and temporal dynamics of rabies virus variants in big brown bat populations across canada: footprints of an emerging zoonosis. | phylogenetic analysis of a collection of rabies viruses that currently circulate in canadian big brown bats (eptesicus fuscus) identified five distinct lineages which have emerged from a common ancestor that existed over 400 years ago. four of these lineages are regionally restricted in their range while the fifth lineage, comprising two-thirds of all specimens, has emerged in recent times and exhibits a recent demographic expansion with rapid spread across the canadian range of its host. four o ... | 2010 | 20406385 |
| molecular characterization of a chinese variant of the flury-lep strain. | the entire genome of rabies virus vaccine strain flury-lep-c, a chinese variant of the rabies virus vaccine strain flury-lep, was sequenced. the overall length of the genome of flury-lep-c strain was 11 924 nucleotides (nt), comprising a leader sequence of 58 nt, nucleoprotein (n) gene of 1353 nt, phosphoprotein (p) gene of 894 nt, matrix protein (m) gene of 609 nt, glycoprotein (g) gene of 1575 nt, rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp, l) gene of 6384 nt, and a trailer region of 70 nt. there was ... | 2010 | 20423522 |
| role of interferon antagonist activity of rabies virus phosphoprotein in viral pathogenicity. | the fixed rabies virus (rv) strain nishigahara kills adult mice after intracerebral inoculation, whereas the chicken embryo fibroblast cell-adapted strain ni-ce causes nonlethal infection in adult mice. we previously reported that the chimeric ce(nip) strain, which has the phosphoprotein (p protein) gene from the nishigahara strain in the genetic background of the ni-ce strain, causes lethal infection in adult mice, indicating that the p gene is responsible for the different pathogenicities of t ... | 2010 | 20427527 |
| a multiplex reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction for detection and differentiation of wild-type and vaccine strains of canine distemper virus. | a multiplex reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (rt-npcr) method was developed for the detection and differentiation of wild-type and vaccine strains of canine distemper virus (cdv). a pair of primers (p1 and p4) specific for cdv corresponding to the highly conserved region of the cdv genome were used as a common primer pair in the first-round pcr of the nested pcr. primers p2 specific for cdv wild-type strains, were used as the forward primer together with the common reverse ... | 2010 | 20433759 |
| updated list of bat species positive for rabies in brazil. | this paper presents an updated list of bat species positive for rabies in brazil. it was developed based on database research via the internet, of international and national literature and annals of the most important technical and scientific meetings related to rabies and chiroptera in brazil from 1996 to 2009. the new list of rabies positive bats consists of 41 species, belonging to 25 genera and three families: phyllostomidae 43.9%, vespertilionidae 29.3% and molossidae 26.8%. in addition, qu ... | 2010 | 20464127 |
| genetic characterization of rabies virus isolated from bovines and equines between 2007 and 2008, in the states of são paulo and minas gerais. | rabies is an acute disease of the central nervous system and is responsible for the deaths of thousands of humans, wild animals and livestock, particularly cattle, as well as causing major economic losses. this study describes the genetic characterization of rabies virus variants that circulate in desmodus rotundus populations and are transmitted to herbivores. | 2010 | 20464137 |
| a preliminary study of chemo- and cytokine responses in rabies vaccine recipients of intradermal and intramuscular regimens. | plasma from 10 patients who had received rabies vaccine either intradermally (id) or intramuscularly (im) was examined for 20 chemo- and cytokines. plasma samples were withdrawn on days 0, 3 and 7 after vaccination. these chemo- and cytokines and sampling days were chosen based on data collected from a protein array analysis of 122 cytokines conducted on one recipient of vaccine administered im and one recipient of vaccine administered id. although eotaxin, interleukin (il)-5 in the id and il-1 ... | 2010 | 20470796 |
| attenuation of rabies virulence: takeover by the cytoplasmic domain of its envelope protein. | the capacity of a rabies virus to promote neuronal survival (a signature of virulence) or death (a marker of attenuation) depends on the cellular partners recruited by the pdz-binding site (pdz-bs) of its envelope glycoprotein (g). neuronal survival requires the selective association of the pdz-bs of g with the pdz domains of two closely related serine-threonine kinases, mast1 and mast2. here, we found that a single amino acid change in the pdz-bs triggered the apoptotic death of infected neuron ... | 2010 | 20086240 |
| structure of the dimerization domain of the rabies virus phosphoprotein. | the crystal structure of the dimerization domain of rabies virus phosphoprotein was determined. the monomer consists of two alpha-helices that make a helical hairpin held together mainly by hydrophobic interactions. the monomer has a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic face, and in the dimer two monomers pack together through their hydrophobic surfaces. this structure is very different from the dimerization domain of the vesicular stomatitis virus phosphoprotein and also from the tetramerization domai ... | 2010 | 20089657 |
| the added value of rabies virus as a retrograde tracer when combined with dual anterograde tract-tracing. | rabies virus (rv) has widely been used as a trans-synaptic retrograde tracer to analyze chains of connected neurons. the use of antibodies directed against the viral nucleoprotein enables viral nucleocapsids to be visualized within the cell soma, as well as within the thickest main dendrites. however, through this approach it is often difficult to accurately define post-synaptic elements (thin dendrites and/or dendritic spines). this limitation can now easily been circumvented by taking advantag ... | 2010 | 20096304 |
| rabies vaccination update. | 2010 | 20097649 | |
| characterization of a rabies virus isolate from a ferret badger (melogale moschata) with unique molecular differences in glycoprotein antigenic site iii. | rabies virus was isolated from the brain of a chinese ferret badger (melogale moschata) and identified as having an r333q substitution within its glycoprotein antigenic site iii. additionally, compared with vaccine strains and other rabies virus isolates from dogs and ferret badgers in china, the isolate had five other amino acid substitutions in its glycoprotein: p(-17)l in the signal peptide, r88h, l225m, and d422e in the ectoplasmic region, and g478e in the cytoplasmic region. this isolate po ... | 2010 | 20109507 |
| aggression and rabid coyotes, massachusetts, usa. | 2010 | 20113587 | |
| [analysis of multisynaptic neuronal pathways by using rabies virus]. | transneuronal transport of neurotropic viruses is a useful tool for morphological analysis of the organization of multisynaptic neuronal pathways. rabies virus is known to label neurons transsynaptically in a retrograde direction. here, we examined the input systems of the primary motor cortex with respect to the somatotopic arrangement. rabies virus was injected into the hindlimb, proximal forelimb, distal forelimb, and orofacial regions of the primary motor cortex in macaques, and the distribu ... | 2010 | 20297727 |
| use of a reduced (4-dose) vaccine schedule for postexposure prophylaxis to prevent human rabies: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices. | this report summarizes new recommendation and updates previous recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip) for postexposure prophylaxis (pep) to prevent human rabies (cdc. human rabies prevention---united states, 2008: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices. mmwr 2008;57[no. rr-3]). previously, acip recommended a 5-dose rabies vaccination regimen with human diploid cell vaccine (hdcv) or purified chick embryo cell vaccine (pcecv). these ... | 2010 | 20300058 |
| [sequencing and analyses on glycoprotein gene of rabies viruses isolated in zhejiang province, china.]. | based on sequencing the genomes of glycoprotein (gp) gene of rabies viruses isolated in zhejiang, we analyzed the properties of rabies viruses genetic variation in molecular level, and to compare with those of other representative vaccine strains and street virus strains, get the information about rabies viruses variation. | 2010 | 20302704 |
| [sequencing and analysis of complete genome of rabies viruses isolated from chinese ferret-badger and dog in zhejiang province]. | based on sequencing the full-length genomes of four chinese ferret-badger and dog, we analyze the properties of rabies viruses genetic variation in molecular level, get the information about rabies viruses prevalence and variation in zhejiang, and enrich the genome database of rabies viruses street strains isolated from china. rabies viruses in suckling mice were isolated, overlapped fragments were amplified by rt-pcr and full-length genomes were assembled to analyze the nucleotide and deduced p ... | 2010 | 20329558 |
| lesions of the central nervous system induced by intracerebral inoculation of balb/c mice with rabies virus (cvs-11). | balb/c mice were inoculated intracerebrally with fixed rabies virus (cvs-11) and pathomorphological changes in the central nervous system were studied. infected mice showed ruffled hair, hunchback, anorexia, emaciation and ataxia at 5 days postinoculation (dpi), but paralysis did not occur. viral antigens were first detected in the pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus at 3 dpi, and these cells exhibited apoptosis at 5 dpi. microglial cells and astroglial cells significantly inc ... | 2010 | 20339258 |
| the immune response to rabies virus infection and vaccination. | infection with rabies virus causes encephalitis in humans that has a case fatality rate of almost 100%. this inability to resolve infection is surprising since both pre-exposure vaccination and, if given promptly, post-exposure vaccination is highly effective at preventing encephalitic disease. the principal immunological correlate of protection produced by vaccination is neutralizing antibody. t-helper cells contribute to the development of immunity whereas cytotoxic t cells do not appear to pl ... | 2010 | 20368119 |
| re-emergence of dog rabies in mpumalanga province, south africa. | dog rabies has commonly been associated with the eastern and southern border areas in mpumalanga province, and the nkomazi district in the east has been most affected. in other parts of the province, canid rabies has been under control for many years; however, in 2008, dog rabies spread to other parts of the province and resulted in a widespread outbreak. the objective of this study was to genetically characterize rabies viruses in an attempt to determine the source of this recent outbreak. fift ... | 2010 | 20370435 |
| amino acid substitutions at positions 242, 255 and 268 in rabies virus glycoprotein affect spread of viral infection. | rabies virus nishigahara strain kills adult mice after intracerebral inoculation, whereas the derivative rc-hl strain does not. it has previously been reported by us that the r(g 242/255/268) strain, in which amino acids at positions 242, 255 and 268 on the g protein have been replaced by those from the nishigahara strain in the genetic background of the rc-hl strain, kills adult mice. this indicates that these three amino acids of g protein are important for pathogenicity of the nishigahara str ... | 2010 | 20377742 |
| human rabies - kentucky/indiana, 2009. | on october 19, 2009, clinicians from kentucky contacted cdc regarding a suspected case of rabies in a man from indiana aged 43 years. this report summarizes the patient's clinical presentation and course, the subsequent epidemiologic investigation, and, for the first time, provides infection control recommendations for personnel performing autopsies on decedents with confirmed or suspected rabies infection. before the patient's death on october 20, a diagnosis of rabies was suspected based on th ... | 2010 | 20379132 |
| molecular epidemiology of rabies virus isolates in uganda. | african field rabies virus isolates from domestic animals can be phylogenetically divided into three geographic lineages: africa 1a (north and west africa); africa 1b (east and south africa); africa 2 (west africa). partial nucleotide sequences of the rabies virus nucleoprotein gene (203-nt) were obtained from five dogs and three goats in uganda. the analyzed ugandan field rabies viruses were categorized into the africa 1a and africa 1b lineages. the present study thus demonstrates that two afri ... | 2010 | 19836426 |
| engineering, expression, and immuno-characterization of recombinant protein comprising multi-neutralization sites of rabies virus glycoprotein. | the rabies virus (rv) glycoprotein (g protein) induces neutralizing antibodies, which are important in protection against rabies. in the present study, three gene fragments that encode polypeptides (corresponding to amino acid residues 19-60, 181-219, and 300-458) comprising the linear neutralization sites of the g protein were spliced together in tandem by pcr-based site-directed mutagenesis and heterologously expressed in escherichia coli (de3). the recombinant protein (designated rrvg) was pu ... | 2010 | 19755161 |
| rabies glycoprotein fused with b subunit of cholera toxin expressed in tobacco plants folds into biologically active pentameric protein. | the pentameric b subunit of cholera toxin (ctxb) is an efficient mucosal adjuvant for vaccines. we report the expression of a chimeric protein comprising the synthetic cholera toxin b subunit fused at its c-terminal with rabies surface glycoprotein (g protein) in tobacco plants. the approximately 80.3 kda fusion polypeptide expressed at 0.4% of the total soluble protein in leaves of the selected transgenic lines. the fusion protein formed a approximately 403 kda pentameric protein which was func ... | 2010 | 19818857 |
| rabies dna vaccine encoding lysosome-targeted glycoprotein supplemented with emulsigen-d confers complete protection in preexposure and postexposure studies in balb/c mice. | the worldwide incidence of rabies and the inability of currently used vaccination strategies to provide highly potent and cost-effective therapy indicate the need for an improved rabies vaccine. thus, dna vaccine based on lysosome-targeted glycoprotein of the rabies virus was evaluated in balb/c mice. it imparted partial protection (60%) against challenge with 20 ld(50) of the challenge virus standard (cvs) strain of rabies virus. to improve the outcome of vaccination, to ultimately enhance the ... | 2010 | 19741168 |
| nomenclature and guideline to express the amount of a membrane protein synthesized in animal cells in view of bioprocess optimization and production monitoring. | studies of a bioprocess optimization and monitoring for protein synthesis in animal cells face a challenge on how to express in quantitative terms the system performance. it is possible to have a panel of calculated variables that fits more or less appropriately the intended goal. each mathematical expression approach translates different quantitative aspects. we can basically separate them into two categories: those used for the evaluation of cell physiology in terms of product synthesis, which ... | 2010 | 19699109 |
| a history estimate and evolutionary analysis of rabies virus variants in china. | to investigate the evolutionary dynamics of rabies virus (rabv) in china, we collected and sequenced 55 isolates sampled from 14 chinese provinces over the last 40 years and performed a coalescent-based analysis of the g gene. this revealed that the rabv currently circulating in china is composed of three main groups. bayesian coalescent analysis estimated the date of the most recent common ancestor for the current rabv chinese strains to be 1412 (with a 95 % confidence interval of 1006-1736). t ... | 2010 | 19889927 |
| comparison between rt-pcr and the mouse inoculation test for detection of rabies virus in samples kept for long periods under different conditions. | antigenic and genetic analyses are important tools for retrospective studies of rabies epidemiology in specific geographical areas. virus recovery and re-isolation from archival samples conserved for long periods at freezing temperature are essential for these studies. prolonged preservation, associated with temperature variations, causes significant loss of virus viability. however, molecular tools, such as rt-pcr, can overcome this problem. for this purpose, 95 positive samples stored for 4-13 ... | 2010 | 19931312 |
| a novel composite immunotoxin that suppresses rabies virus production by the infected cells. | using strepavidin as a scaffold, we have assembled a composite immunotoxin that consists of recombinant pseudomonas exotoxin a subunit (pe38) and recombinant 25-d1.16 fab fragment which recognizes the siinfekl (pov8) peptide from ovalbumin in association with h-2k(b) mhc class i protein. the composite immunotoxin exercises cytotoxicity against h-2k(b+) cells sensitized with pov8 peptide but not with irrelevant peptide. specific binding of the immunotoxin to h-2k(b+) cells infected with recombina ... | 2010 | 19932697 |
| rna induced polymerization of the borna disease virus nucleoprotein. | the borna disease virus (bdv) nucleoprotein (n) monomer resembles the nucleoprotein structures from rabies virus (rabv) and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). we show that bdv n assembles into ring- and string-like structures in the presence of 5' genomic bdv rna. rna induced polymerization is partly rna-specific since polymerization is inefficient in the presence of 3' genomic bdv rna or e. coli rna. mutagenesis of basic residues located in the cleft made up by the n- and c-terminal domains of n ... | 2010 | 19945724 |
| the cell biology of rabies virus: using stealth to reach the brain. | rabies virus, the prototypical neurotropic virus, causes one of the most lethal zoonotic diseases. according to official estimates, over 55,000 people die of the disease annually, but this is probably a severe underestimation. a combination of virulence factors enables the virus to enter neurons at peripheral sites and travel through the spinal cord to the brain of the infected host, where it often induces aggression that facilitates the transfer of the virus to a new host. this review summarize ... | 2010 | 19946287 |
| structure of the nucleoprotein binding domain of mokola virus phosphoprotein. | mokola virus (mokv) is a nonsegmented, negative-sense rna virus that belongs to the lyssavirus genus and rhabdoviridae family. mokv phosphoprotein p is an essential component of the replication and transcription complex and acts as a cofactor for the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase. p recruits the viral polymerase to the nucleoprotein-bound viral rna (n-rna) via an interaction between its c-terminal domain and the n-rna complex. here we present a structure for this domain of mokv p, obtained ... | 2010 | 19906936 |
| cerebellar inputs to intraparietal cortex areas lip and mip: functional frameworks for adaptive control of eye movements, reaching, and arm/eye/head movement coordination. | using retrograde transneuronal transfer of rabies virus in combination with a conventional tracer (cholera toxin b), we studied simultaneously direct (thalamocortical) and polysynaptic inputs to the ventral lateral intraparietal area (lipv) and the medial intraparietal area (mip) in nonhuman primates. we found that these areas receive major disynaptic inputs from specific portions of the cerebellar nuclei, the ventral dentate (d), and ventrolateral interpositus posterior (ip). area lipv receives ... | 2010 | 19465740 |
| ecology of rabies virus exposure in colonies of brazilian free-tailed bats (tadarida brasiliensis) at natural and man-made roosts in texas. | previous studies have investigated rabies virus (rabv) epizootiology in brazilian free-tailed bats (tadarida brasiliensis) in natural cave roosts. however, little is known about geographic variation in rabv exposure, or if the use of man-made roosts by this species affects enzootic rabv infection dynamics within colonies. we sampled rabies viral neutralizing antibodies in bats at three bridge and three cave roosts at multiple time points during the reproductive season to investigate temporal and ... | 2010 | 19492942 |
| seroprevalence of rabies virus antibodies in bats from southern china. | members of the order chiroptera are the natural reservoirs of lyssaviruses and play an important role in the transmission of rabies to animals and humans. in this present study, the seroprevalence for rabies virus was determined for bats sampled from four southern provinces on the chinese mainland. a total of 685 bats of 8 species representing 4 families were collected from 10 sites, and were tested by the indirect fluorescent antibody test using fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc)-conjugated prot ... | 2010 | 19492948 |
| serological detection of bovine ephemeral fever virus using an indirect elisa based on antigenic site g1 expressed in pichia pastoris. | an indirect elisa for the serological detection of bovine ephemeral fever virus (befv) infection in cattle is described in which a glycosylated protein of approximately 25 kda (including the g1 antigenic site of the virus glycoprotein) expressed in pichia pastoris gs115 was used as the coating antigen. the optimal concentration of coated antigen was 0.3 microg/well at a serum dilution of 1:40. the optimal positive threshold value of the assay was 1.88, as derived from receiver operating characte ... | 2010 | 19586786 |
| factors associated with rabid animals since the introduction of raccoon rabies variant in massachusetts, 1992-2007. | rabies virus has been identified in 26 animal species since the introduction of the raccoon rabies variant (rrv) into the commonwealth of massachusetts in 1992. this study used data from 47,162 testable specimens, including 4538 (9.62%) rabid animals, to produce a multi-categorical logistic regression model to identify factors associated with a positive rabies laboratory test. the model was adjusted by the animal type and animal species, using the least tested and the least found rabid animal sp ... | 2010 | 19589059 |
| characterization and potential diagnostic application of monoclonal antibodies specific to rabies virus. | rabies is invariably a fatal encephalomyelitis that is considered to be a serious public health problem. it is necessary to develop standard rabies virus diagnostic tools, especially for diagnosing the strains prevalent in china. | 2010 | 23554655 |
| development in immunoprophylaxis against rabies for animals and humans. | rabies is a fatal neurological disease and a persistent global problem. it is spread primarily by domestic dogs but other canid, viverrid (skunks and raccoons) and chiropteran species are considered as the most efficient vectors of the disease. since dogs are the main perpetuator of rabies, special attention has to be given to bring all the dogs including unauthorized stray dogs under immunization umbrella in order to control rabies. vaccination is the only way to combat the disease before and a ... | 2010 | 23407587 |
| serum microrna expression profiling in mice infected with rabies virus. | serum or plasma micrornas (mirnas) are potential biomarkers for the diagnosis for cancer and prenatal diseases. this study was conducted to investigate whether rabies virus causes a change in serum mirna expression. | 2011 | 24159471 |
| investigation of an imported case of rabies in a juvenile dog with atypical presentation. | movement of dogs between rabies-endemic and rabies-free countries carries the inherent risk of introducing the disease. in april of 2008, a juvenile dog was imported to the uk from sri lanka. it died shortly after transfer to a quarantine facility in the south-east of england following a short history of diarrhoea and convulsions but no overt signs of aggression. subsequent investigation confirmed that rabies was the cause of death. rabies virus was isolated from brain samples taken from the dog ... | 2011 | 26486624 |
| rabies out-break in mules at mansehra, pakistan. | an unusual sickness in mules at batrasi camp, district mansehra, pakistan, was reported. twelve animals died with in 2-3 days after showing the clinical symptoms confusing with colic and nervous disorders. animals did not respond to any treatment. a team of veterinary doctors/researchers from institute visited the place and collected the samples and information in all aspects related to any disease occurrence on epidemiological basis. animals were also showing symptoms confusing with rabies. bra ... | 2011 | 20483443 |
| [progress about genetic and variant study of rabies virus glycoprotein gene]. | 2011 | 21528545 | |
| proteomic profiles of mouse neuro n2a cells infected with variant virulence of rabies viruses. | we characterized the proteomes of murine n2a cells following infection with three rabies virus (rv) strains, characterized by distinct virulence phenotypes (i.e., virulent bd06, fixed cvs-11, and attenuated srv9 strains), and identified 35 changes to protein expression using twodimensional gel electrophoresis in whole-cell lysates. the annotated functions of these proteins are involved in various cytoskeletal, signal transduction, stress response, and metabolic processes. specifically, a-enolase ... | 2011 | 21532319 |
| novel monoclonal antibodies that bind to wild and fixed rabies virus strains. | ten monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against rabies virus, including igg3κ, igg2aκ, igmκ, and an igg2bκ isotype, were produced and characterized using neutralization, elisa, immunodot-blot, and immunofluorescence assays. mab 8d11, which recognized rabies virus glycoprotein, was found to neutralize rabies virus in vitro. when submitted to an immunofluorescence assay, seven mabs showed different reactivity against 35 brazilian rabies virus isolates. three mabs (lia 02, 3e6, and 9c7) only failed to rec ... | 2011 | 21536074 |