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effects of ascorbic acid and β-1,3-glucan on survival, physiological response and flesh quality of cultured tiger grouper (epinephelus fuscoguttatus) during simulated transport in water.transport in water is the most common method for achieving high survival rates when transporting cultured fish in china; yet, transport success relies on proper water quality and conditions. this research was designed to explore the effects of ascorbic acid and β-1,3-glucan on survival, physiological responses, and flesh quality of farmed tiger grouper (epinephelus fuscoguttatus) during simulated transport. the transport water temperature for live tiger grouper was 15 °c, which had the highest s ...202032098052
transcriptome analyses reveal the synergistic effects of feeding and eyestalk ablation on ovarian maturation in black tiger shrimp.unilateral eyestalk ablation in the female black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon is commonly employed to induce ovarian maturation. however, the importance of complementing this practice with the provision of live feed supplement (such as polychaetes) has not been emphasized in previous studies. indeed, it has been less emphasized that female broodstock must be fed with live feeds such as polychaetes for this practice to be effective. while the effects of eyestalk ablation have been thoroughly stud ...202032094422
capture-induced exertional rhabdomyolysis in the shortfin mako shark, isurus oxyrinchus.shortfin mako sharks (isurus oxyrinchus) are top-order predators in oceanic food chains. they are captured worldwide by commercial and recreational fisheries, but little is known about the effects that fishing has on the homeostasis and longevity of these animals.202032090365
toxicity of the organophosphate insecticide sumithion to embryo and larvae of zebrafish.sumithion, a synthetic organophosphate, is widely used as an agricultural insecticide and for control of tiger bug (cicindela spp.) in larval rearing for aquaculture. an experiment was conducted to examine the effects of sumithion on embryological and larval development of zebrafish danio rerio. fertilized egg (n = 100) and larvae (n = 100) were exposed to six concentrations of sumithion (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 mg l-1) in three replicates. lc50 values for embryos and larvae were calculate ...202032082990
immune transcriptome analysis in predatory beetles reveals two cecropin genes overexpressed in mandibles.the great complexity and variety of the innate immune system and the production of antimicrobial peptides in insects is correlated with their evolutionary success and adaptation to different environments. tiger beetles are an example of non-pest species with a cosmopolitan distribution, but the immune system is barely known and its study could provide useful information about the humoral immunity of predatory insects. suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) was performed in calomera littoral ...202032067979
efficacy and spatial extent of yard-scale control of aedes (stegomyia) albopictus (diptera: culicidae) using barrier sprays and larval habitat management.the asian tiger mosquito, aedes (stegomyia) albopictus (skuse), is a peridomestic, container-ovipositing mosquito commonly found throughout the southeastern united states. in the united states, ae. albopictus is typically considered a nuisance pest; however, it is capable of transmitting multiple pathogens. ae. albopictus is an important pest species and the target of numerous mosquito control efforts in the united states. here, we evaluate the effectiveness and spatial extent of ae. albopictus ...202032052026
microsatellite typing of aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) populations from germany suggests regular introductions.the global spread of the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus is of concern, as this mosquito species constitutes an important vector of a number of emerging pathogens including dengue virus, chikungunya virus and zika virus. since its first appearance in albania (1979) and italy (1990), the species has been reported from more than twenty-five european countries. however, the dispersion process in europe is largely unknown, as information on population genetic structure is lacking, which is rel ...202032045712
aedes albopictus (asian tiger mosquito). 202032037135
the invasive asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus in romania: towards a country-wide colonization?currently, five invasive aedes mosquito species are of concern in europe according to the european centre for disease prevention and control: aedes aegypti, ae. albopictus, ae. atropalpus, ae. japonicus, and ae. koreicus. among these, only ae. albopictus was reported to occur in romania, in bucharest. the aim of this study was to update the knowledge on the distribution of this invasive mosquito species in romania, by investigating new potential locations. monitoring of ae. albopictus was carrie ...202032036439
improved genomic resources for the black tiger prawn (penaeus monodon).world production of farmed crustaceans was 7.8 million tons in 2016. while only making up approximately 10% of world aquaculture production, crustaceans are generally high-value species and can earn significant export income for producing countries. viet nam is a major seafood producing country earning usd 7.3 billion in 2016 in export income with shrimp as a major commodity. however, there is a general lack of genomic resources available for shrimp species, which is challenging to obtain due to ...202032033920
the asian tiger mosquito in brazil: observations on biology and ecological interactions since its first detection in 1986.aedes (stegomyia) albopictus is a mosquito originating from the asian continent, which was detected in the americas in 1985 and brazil in 1986. due to its rapid expansion throughout brazil, this species has already been reported in 26 of the 27 federative units of brazil. in this review, we evaluate some of the biological, epidemiological and ecological characteristics of ae. albopictus through critical analysis of their importance in the pathogen transmission dynamics, since its first record in ...202032027837
staged hybrid single lumen reconstruction (tiger) in management of chronic symptomatic complex type b aortic dissection, techniques, and literature review.endovascular intervention for chronic symptomatic type b aortic dissection (cs-tbad) induces aortic wall stress with negative hemodynamic cardiovascular consequences. cs-tbad risks increased morbidity and mortality due to septum maturation with significant impact on false lumen modulation, and partial lumen thrombosis conveying the worst outcome. the aim of the tiger technique is total aortic remodeling with true lumen expansion, false lumen regression and complete thrombosis, and stabilization ...202032007594
large-scale operational pyriproxyfen autodissemination deployment to suppress the immature asian tiger mosquito (diptera: culicidae) populations.effective suppression of container-inhabiting asian tiger [aedes albopictus (skuse)] (diptera: culicidae) and yellow fever [aedes aegypti (l.)] (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes presents one of the most intractable problems for modern mosquito control. traditional tools often fail to control populations of these mosquito species, and are prohibitively expensive or have negative environmental impacts. novel approaches and tools are urgently needed for integrated container-inhabiting mosquito manage ...202032006427
bone microarchitectural analysis using ultra-high-resolution ct in tiger vertebra and human tibia.to reveal trends in bone microarchitectural parameters with increasing spatial resolution on ultra-high-resolution computed tomography (uhrct) in vivo and to compare its performance with that of conventional-resolution ct (crct) and micro-ct ex vivo.202031993864
juvenile myoclonic epilepsy mimic associated with chd2 gene mutation.this paper reports the electroclinical manifestations of an epilepsy syndrome associated with a chromodomain helicase dna-binding protein 2 (chd2) gene mutation with clinical semiology and electroencephalographic (eeg) features consistent with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (jme). myoclonic and myoclonic-tonic-clonic seizures, as well as generalized 4- to 5-hz high-amplitude spike-wave and polyspike-wave discharges, were well characterized in an adolescent. however, the atypical age of onset, devel ...202031993582
[the asian tiger mosquito (aedes albopictus) as a challenge for the public health service: an example of a risk management strategy adapted to the situation at the local level].case report on risk management for the epidemiology of an infectious disease threat scenario at the municipal level using the example of the asian tiger mosquito (atm) with communication of figures based on experience to stakeholders in the public health service methods: formal and substantive presentation of a list of defined control measures together with site-specific modification and evaluation of efficacy results: based on a timely education campaign, establishment of a population of atm fi ...202031975361
cxcr4s in teleosts: two paralogous chemokine receptors and their roles in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell homeostasis.hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (hspcs) generate the entire repertoire of immune cells in vertebrates and play a crucial role during infection. although two copies of cxc motif chemokine receptor 4 (cxcr4) genes are generally identified in teleosts, the function of teleost cxcr4 genes in hspcs is less known. in this study, we identified two cxcr4 genes from a teleost, ayu (plecoglossus altivelis), named pacxcr4a and pacxcr4b. pacxcr4b was constitutively expressed in ayu hspcs, whereas pacxcr ...202031959734
dietary taurine stimulates the hepatic biosynthesis of both bile acids and cholesterol in the marine teleost, tiger puffer (takifugu rubripes).taurine (tau) plays important roles in the metabolism of bile acids, cholesterol and lipids. however, little relevant information has been available in fish where tau has been identified as a conditionally essential nutrient. the present study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary tau on the metabolism of bile acids, cholesterol and lipids in tiger puffer, which is both an important aquaculture species and a good research model, having a unique lipid storage pattern. an 8-week feeding tria ...202031959268
investigations into the presence of nidoviruses in pythons.pneumonia and stomatitis represent severe and often fatal diseases in different captive snakes. apart from bacterial infections, paramyxo-, adeno-, reo- and arenaviruses cause these diseases. in 2014, new viruses emerged as the cause of pneumonia in pythons. in a few publications, nidoviruses have been reported in association with pneumonia in ball pythons and a tiger python. the viruses were found using new sequencing methods from the organ tissue of dead animals.202031952524
complementarity of empirical and process-based approaches to modelling mosquito population dynamics with aedes albopictus as an example-application to the development of an operational mapping tool of vector populations.mosquitoes are responsible for the transmission of major pathogens worldwide. modelling their population dynamics and mapping their distribution can contribute effectively to disease surveillance and control systems. two main approaches are classically used to understand and predict mosquito abundance in space and time, namely empirical (or statistical) and process-based models. in this work, we used both approaches to model the population dynamics in reunion island of the 'tiger mosquito', aede ...202031951601
use of tiger nut (cyperus esculentus l.) oil emulsion as animal fat replacement in beef burgers.the present study evaluated the replacement of beef fat in beef burgers using a tiger nut (cyperus esculentus l.) oil emulsion, in order to reduce total fat and saturated fatty acids in the studied samples. three formulations were processed: control-100% beef fat; tiger nut 50% (tn50)-50% of beef fat replaced using tiger nut oil emulsion and tiger nut 100% (tn100)-100% of beef fat replaced by tiger nut oil emulsion. the physicochemical parameters were affected after fat replacement. moreover, th ...202031947797
who is eating fructose within the aedes albopictus gut microbiota?the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus is a major public health concern because of its invasive success and its ability to transmit pathogens. given the low availability of treatments against mosquito-borne diseases, vector control remains the most suitable strategy. the methods used thus far are becoming less effective, but recent strategies have emerged from the study of mosquito-associated microorganisms. although the role of the microbiota in insect biology does not require further proof, ...202031943686
fecal stress, nutrition and reproductive hormones for monitoring environmental impacts on tigers (panthera tigris).non-invasive stress and nutritional hormone analysis in relation to ecological and other biological indices have tremendous potential to address environmental disturbance impacts on wildlife health. to this end, we examined the relation between glucocorticoid (gc) and thyroid (t3) hormone indices of disturbance and nutritional stress in response to acth and tsh challenges in captive tigers, as well as how reproductive hormones vary by sex and reproductive condition. glucocorticoid, thyroid, prog ...202031942242
molecular characteristics and association analysis with litter size trait for porcine klk7 gene.kallikrein-related peptidase 7(klk7) is a tumor-related gene. in this study, the full-length coding sequence of porcine klk7 gene was cloned through rt-pcr. sequence analysis revealed that the pig klk7 gene encodes a protein of 257 amino acids which has high homology with the klk7 protein of six species: polar bear (95%), weddell seal(94%), dog (92%), pacific walrus (95%), domestic cat (92%), and amur tiger (91%). this gene is structured in five exons and four introns as revealed by computer-ass ...202031006337
lions, tigers and kittens too: ace2 and susceptibility to covid-19.sars-cov-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) has been reported to infect domesticated animals in a species-specific manner, where cats were susceptible but not dogs. using the recently published crystal structure of the sars-cov-2 spike protein complexed with the human host cell receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ace2), we characterized the structure and evolution of ace2 in several of these species and identify a single interacting amino acid residue conserved between hum ...202032974030
using a word association task to investigate semantic depth in swedish-speaking children with developmental language disorder.we examined word associations in swedish children with developmental language disorder (dld) compared to their typically developing (td) peers. furthermore, the study aimed to explore the dimensions of vocabulary knowledge (breadth, depth, and fluency) in these children. fifty children (15 dld and 35 td) participated in the study, aged six to nine years. this age span is commonly associated with substantial lexical reorganisation, by some referred to as the syntagmatic-paradigmatic shift. fifty ...202032580678
fatal mauling by tigers.lethal injuries due to large animal attack are uncommon in routine forensic practice in europe. specifically, few incidents are reported concerning tiger/lion attacks that usually involve captive circus or zoo animals. we present the case of a 61-year old animal tamer who was mauled to death by four tigers while he was training them for a circus performance. careful investigation of the circumstances surrounding the fatality revealed that the tamer had most likely been struck with a tiger paw an ...202032415625
conservation prioritization can resolve the flagship species conundrum.conservation strategies based on charismatic flagship species, such as tigers, lions, and elephants, successfully attract funding from individuals and corporate donors. however, critics of this species-focused approach argue it wastes resources and often does not benefit broader biodiversity. if true, then the best way of raising conservation funds excludes the best way of spending it. here we show that this conundrum can be resolved, and that the flagship species approach does not impede cost-e ...202032094329
review of canine distemper vaccination use and safety in north american captive large felids (panthera spp.) from 2000 to 2017.data on canine distemper virus (cdv) vaccination were collected on 812 large felids (351 tigers, panthera tigris; 220 lions, panthera leo; 143 snow leopards, panthera uncia; 50 leopards, panthera pardus; and 48 jaguars, panthera onca) from 48 institutions to assess vaccine use and safety. the documented individual vaccination events with multiple products numbered 2,846. canarypox-vectored cdv vaccines were the most commonly used vaccines (96.3% of all vaccinations) and the purevax® ferret diste ...202031926507
evidence for sars-cov-2 infection of animal hosts.covid-19 is the first known pandemic caused by a coronavirus, sars-cov-2, which is the third virus in the family coronaviridae to cause fatal infections in humans after sars-cov and mers-cov. animals are involved in the covid-19 pandemic. this review summarizes the role of animals as reservoirs, natural hosts and experimental models. sars-cov-2 originated from animal reservoir, most likely bats and/or pangolins. anthroponotic transmission has been reported in cats, dogs, tigers, lions and minks. ...202032629960
predicting susceptibility for sars-cov-2 infection in domestic and wildlife animals using ace2 protein sequence homology.the article is presenting a bioinformatics based method predicting susceptibility for sars-cov-2 infection in domestic and wildlife animals. recently, there were reports of cats and ferrets, dogs, minks, golden hamster, rhesus monkeys, tigers, and lions testing for sars-cov-2 rna which indicated for the possible interspecies viral transmission. our method successfully predicted the susceptibility of these animals for contracting sars-cov-2 infection. this method can be used as a screening tool f ...202033034084
illegal trade in wild cats and its link to chinese-led development in central and south america.seizures of hundreds of jaguar heads and canines in central and south america from 2014 to 2018 resulted in worldwide media coverage suggesting that wildlife traffickers are trading jaguar body parts as substitutes for tiger parts to satisfy the demand for traditional asian medicine. we compiled a data set of >1000 seized wild cats (jaguar [panthera onca], puma [puma concolor], and ocelot [leopardus pardalis]) from 19 central and south american countries and china. we ran generalized additive mi ...202032484587
prevalence and subtypes of blastocystis sp. infection in zoo animals in three cities in china.blastocystis is a highly prevalent eukaryotic parasite of many animals and humans worldwide. it can compromise the gastrointestinal tract and cause gastrointestinal symptoms, constituting a serious threat to human health and animal growth. many animals are potential sources of blastocystis infection in humans. however, limited data are available regarding the prevalence and subtype distribution of blastocystis infection among zoo animals in china. therefore, the present study examined the preval ...202031845021
molecular characterization of ascaridoid parasites from captive wild carnivores in china using ribosomal and mitochondrial sequences.despite the public health importance of toxocariasis/toxascariasis, only a few species of these ascaridoid parasites from wild canine and feline carnivores have been studied at the molecular level so far. poor understanding of diversity, host distribution and the potential (zoonotic) transmission of the ascaridoid species among wild animals negatively affects their surveillance and control in natural settings. in this study, we updated previous knowledge by profiling the genetic diversity and ph ...202032727607
carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (parvoviruses) at the domestic-wild carnivore interface in india.carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (cp1, earlier called feline panleukopenia virus) variants such as canine parvovirus (cpv) and feline parvovirus (fpv) are significant, emerging, multihost pathogens of domestic and wild carnivores. the diversity of cp1 variants was studied between 2008 and 2014 in wayanad, india, where flagship wildlife species such as tigers (panthera tigris) and leopards (panthera pardus) coexist alongside domestic carnivores, including dogs (canis lupus familiaris) and cats (felis ...202031926540
long-term effects of cultural filtering on megafauna species distributions across china.human activities currently play a dominant role in shaping and eroding earth's biodiversity, but the historical dynamics leading to this situation are poorly understood and contentious. importantly, these dynamics are often studied and discussed without an emphasis on cultural evolution, despite its potential importance for past and present biodiversity dynamics. here, we investigate whether cultural filtering, defined as the impact of cultural evolution on species presence, has driven the range ...202031871171
genomic signatures of coevolution between non-model mammals and parasitic roundworms.antagonistic coevolution between host and parasite drives species evolution. however, most of the studies only focus on parasitism adaptation and do not explore the coevolution mechanisms from the perspective of both host and parasite. here, through the de novo sequencing and assembly of the genomes of giant panda roundworm, red panda roundworm, and lion roundworm parasitic on tiger, we investigated the genomic mechanisms of coevolution between non-model mammals and their parasitic roundworms an ...202032960966
the genomes of mourilyan virus and wēnzhōu shrimp virus 1 of prawns comprise 4 rna segments.reported here is the complete genome sequence of mourilyan virus (mov) that infects giant tiger (penaeus monodon) and kuruma prawns (p. japonicas) in australia. its genome was determined using various pcr strategies based on the sequences of 3 randomly-amplified cdna clones to its l and m rna segments discovered in a library generated to determine the genome sequence of gill-associated ronivirus. the sequences of pcr products and clones obtained showed the mov genome to comprise 4 ssrna segments ...202033181202
experimental infection of tigerfish (hydrocynus vittatus) and african sharp tooth catfish (clarias gariepinus) with trichinella zimbabwensis.trichinella zimbabwensis naturally infects a variety of reptilian and wild mammalian hosts in south africa. attempts have been made to experimentally infect piranha fish with t. zimbabwensis and t. papuae without success. tigerfish (hydrocynus vittatus) and african sharp tooth catfish (clarias gariepinus) are accomplished predators cohabiting with nile crocodiles (crocodylus niloticus) and nile monitor lizards (varanus niloticus) in southern africa and are natural hosts of t. zimbabwensis. to as ...202033179950
dexmedetomidine and ketamine simultaneous administration in tigers (panthera tigris): pharmacokinetics and clinical effects.the study determines the pharmacokinetic profiles of dexmedetomidine (dex), ketamine (ket) and its active metabolite, norketamine (norket), after simultaneous administration. moreover, the study evaluates the sedative effects of this protocol, its influence on the main physiological variables and the occurrence of adverse effects.202033178436
a novel anphevirus in aedes albopictus mosquitoes is distributed worldwide and interacts with the host rna interference pathway.the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus is a competent vector for several human arboviruses including dengue, chikungunya and zika viruses. mosquitoes also harbor insect-specific viruses (isvs) that may modulate host physiology and potentially affect the transmission of viruses that are pathogenic to vertebrates, thus representing a potential tool for vector control strategies. in ae. albopictus we identified a novel anphevirus (family xinmoviridae; order mononegavirales) provisionally designa ...202033172032
physiological impairment as a result of bile accumulation in an apex predator, the tiger shark (galeocerdo cuvier péron & lesueur, 1822).physiological adaptations have evolved to help sharks face rapid periods of feast. tiger sharks are generalist apex predators that rely on a high-lipid/protein diet. to achieve a satisfactory nutritional condition, proper lipid absorption and hepatic storage are needed. bile secretion in sharks is low and sporadic but increases during short periods of fasting. the present study describes a physiological impairment caused by bile accumulation in juvenile tiger sharks, possibly due to prolonged fa ...202033158068
''eye of tiger sign" mimic in patients with spastic paraplegia gene 7 (spg7) mutations. 202033157434
the ecology of protective behaviors: a study in new risk areas for mosquito-borne diseases.during the last decade, tiger mosquitoes have rapidly colonized a large number of european countries, increasing the risk of infection with mosquito-borne diseases (mbds), and constituting an emerging health threat in the region. the objectives of the present study were to prospectively investigate changes in self-protective behaviors, beliefs and attitudes regarding mbds in mediterranean france, and to assess the influence of social and cognitive time-varying covariates on behaviors. data were ...202033151432
riding the tiger - physiological and pathological effects of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide generated in the mitochondrial matrix.elevated mitochondrial matrix superoxide and/or hydrogen peroxide concentrations drive a wide range of physiological responses and pathologies. concentrations of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in the mitochondrial matrix are set mainly by rates of production, the activities of superoxide dismutase-2 (sod2) and peroxiredoxin-3 (prdx3), and by diffusion of hydrogen peroxide to the cytosol. these considerations can be used to generate criteria for assessing whether changes in matrix superoxide or ...202033148057
mechanically superior matrices promote osteointegration and regeneration of anterior cruciate ligament tissue in rabbits.the gold standard treatment for anterior cruciate ligament (acl) reconstruction is the use of tendon autografts and allografts. limiting factors for this treatment include donor site morbidity, potential disease transmission, and variable graft quality. to address these limitations, we previously developed an off-the-shelf alternative, a poly(l-lactic) acid (plla) bioengineered acl matrix, and demonstrated its feasibility to regenerate acl tissue. this study aims to 1) accelerate the rate of reg ...202033144508
[use of components of the transitional care model in geriatric cross-sectoral care in germany-results of a survey].the inclusion of transitional care professionals to improve the sectoral interface management is politically supported. the nine components of the transitional care model (tcm) originating from the usa, are used in a randomized controlled trial within the tiger project, which is funded by the federal joint committee of germany. geriatric patients are accompanied prior to discharge from hospital and up to 12 months after discharge in the home environment.202033140132
syzygium samarangense leaf infusion as aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) ovitrap bait.adding lures can improve the efficiency of mosquito ovitraps used for monitoring or in attract-and-kill pest management. easily produced, low-to-no cost bait would be ideal for remote field sites and community-run vector management. plant infusions are popular ovitrap baits for their low cost and potent attractiveness, attributed either to the plants or their microbiomes. we tested fermented leaf infusions of the wax apple tree, syzygium samarangense (blume) merr. & perry, as bait in lethal ovit ...202033125477
zanzamapp: a scalable citizen science tool to monitor perception of mosquito abundance and nuisance in italy and beyond.mosquitoes represent a considerable nuisance and are actual/potential vectors of human diseases in europe. costly and labour-intensive entomological monitoring is needed to correct planning of interventions aimed at reducing nuisance and the risk of pathogen transmission. the widespread availability of mobile phones and of massive internet connections opens the way to the contribution of citizen in complementing entomological monitoring. zanzamapp is the first mobile "mosquito" application for s ...202033121060
polychaete consumption increased prostaglandin biosynthesis in female penaeus monodon.the polychaete perinereis nuntia is preferred over commercial feed pellets for boosting ovarian maturation of the female black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon. high levels of prostaglandins in polychaetes are believed to enhance shrimp ovarian development. however, the impact of polychaete feeding on shrimp prostaglandin biosynthesis and fatty acid regulatory pathways have yet to be investigated. as polychaetes contain higher levels of arachidonic acid (ara), eicosapentaenoic acid (epa), prostaglan ...202033112802
aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) monitoring in the lazio region (central italy).the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus (skuse 1894) is assuming an ever-increasing importance as invasive species in europe and consequently as human health and nuisance concern. in central italy, the species has been recently involved in a chikungunya outbreak. a 3 yr ae. albopictus monitoring was carried out in 21 municipalities of the lazio region (central italy), belonging to three provinces. samplings were performed on a weekly basis using ovitraps, in order to investigate climatic and s ...202033107575
examining tribal health inequalities around three forested sites in india: results of a cross-sectional survey.the data available for the health of scheduled tribes (st) in india are often coarse-scale snapshots at district and state levels and fine-scale comparison within and across site is often not possible. in this paper, we examine the health inequalities between the st and non-st populations in two forested sites and compare the healthcare parameters for st populations across three forested sites.202033102260
transcriptome analysis reveals molecular mechanisms responsive to acute cold stress in the tropical stenothermal fish tiger barb (puntius tetrazona).tropical stenothermal fish exhibit special tolerance and response to cold stress. however current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms response to cold stress in aquatic ectotherms is largely drawn from eurythermal or extreme stenothermal species. the tiger barb puntius tetrazona is a tropical stenothermal fish, with great popularity in aquarium trade and research.202033096997
shark-related injuries in hawai'i treated at a level 1 trauma center.although rare, human-shark interactions can result in a wide spectrum of injuries. this is the first study to characterize shark-related injuries (sris) in hawai'i.202033094169
tiger man sign-f-18 fdg pet ct scan pattern in muscular and cutaneous sarcoidosis: a case report and literature survey.sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology which primarily affects the respiratory system. however, 0.5%-2.5% of patients with sarcoidosis show muscle involvement, namely sarcoid myopathy. f-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography (f-18 fdg pet) has become an important component of the diagnostic algorithm of these patients, owing to its ability to assess disease extent and identify occult sites of disease involvement and guiding sites of biopsy. awareness of ...202033082681
first account of phylogeographic variation, larval characters, and laboratory rearing of the endangered cobblestone tiger beetle cicindelidia marginipennis, dejean, 1831 with observations of their natural history.the cobblestone tiger beetle, cicindelidia marginipennis (dejean, 1831) is a north american species specializing in riparian habitats from new brunswick, canada, to alabama in the united states. in the united states, this species is state-listed as threatened or endangered range-wide and periodically receives consideration for federal listing, mostly due to habitat decline. despite its conservation status, intraspecific genetic diversity for this species has not been explored and little is known ...202033081250
dietary exposure and accumulation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances alters growth and reduces body condition of post-metamorphic salamanders.per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (pfas) are contaminants of concern due to their persistence, potential to bioaccumulate, and toxicity. while dietary exposure is the primary route of exposure for terrestrial species, data on dietary pfas uptake and adverse effects are largely restricted to mammals. as such, substantial data gaps exist that hinder ecological risk assessment, including environmentally relevant exposure levels and taxa. using a 30-d laboratory experiment, we examined the effects ...202033077234
feeding behavior responses of a juvenile hybrid grouper, epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × e. lanceolatus♂, to microplastics.in recent decades, microplastic (mp) pollution has become a severe problem in aquatic environments. yet the behavioral and selective responses of fish toward different types of mps remain unclear. we therefore conducted laboratory-based video observations to investigate the behavioral responses of hybrid grouper juveniles (tiger grouper epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × giant grouper e. lanceolatus♂) to eight different types of mps. we observed four distinct feeding behaviors: (i) normal ingestion of ...202033070069
identification of anuran species diversity of the panna tiger reserve, central india, using an integrated approach.we present a comprehensive inventory of amphibians from panna tiger reserve in madhya pradesh based on morphological, molecular and bioacoustic data. representatives of 15 anuran species were collected, corresponding to roughly four fifths of the known amphibian species of madhya pradesh. the main results of this study are: (1) description of advertisement calls of eleven species, including the first-time description of advertisement calls of sphaerotheca pashchima. (2) identification of cryptic ...202033056717
three new species of protosticta selys, 1885 (odonata: zygoptera: platystictidae) from the western ghats, india, with taxonomic notes on p. mortoni fraser, 1922 and rediscovery of p. rufostigma kimmins, 1958.three new species of protosticta selys, 1885 (odonata: zygoptera: platystictidae) from the western ghats biodiversity hotspot in india: p. cyanofemora sp. nov. (wet evergreen forests in shendurney wildlife sanctuary, kollam, kerala and kalakkad mundanthurai tiger reserve, tirunelveli, tamil nadu), p. myristicaensis sp. nov. (myristica swamp at kathalekan, shivamogga, karnataka) and p. sholai sp. nov. (montane sholas of upper manalar, meghamalai wildlife sanctuary, theni, tamil nadu) are describe ...202033056228
the description of the tiger beetle larvae of cosmodela aurulenta (fabricius, 1801)(coleoptera, cicindelidae).all larval instars of the tiger beetle species cosmodela aurulenta aurulenta (fabricius, 1801) which is the type species of the genus cosmodela rivalier, 1961 are described and illustrated here for the first time, based on material from bali island (indonesia). a brief review of habitat preferences and ecology for adults and larvae of cosmodela aurulenta are provided. differences between c. aurulenta and c. batesi (fleutiaux, 1893) and allied palaearctic genera of the subtribe cicindelina are di ...202033056183
taxonomy and distribution of cylindera germanica (linnaeus, 1758) in the middle east with the description of two new subspecies (coleoptera, carabidae, cicindelinae).two new tiger beetle taxa, cylindera germanica erzincana ssp. nov. boetzl franzen, 2020 from eastern anatolia and cylindera germanica persiana ssp. nov. boetzl franzen, 2020 from southern iran are described based on morphological characters. we present the current knowledge on the distribution of c. germanica (linnaeus, 1758) in the middle east and present a first record of c. germanica muelleri (magistretti, 1966) for turkey. an identification key for the subspecies of c. germanica occurring in ...202033055950
a new tiger beetle from the trans-mexican volcanic belt (coleoptera, cicindelidae, cicindelini).a new tiger beetle species, cicindelidia cyanipleura duran and roman n. sp., of the tribe cicindelini, is described from the southwestern section of the trans-mexican volcanic belt. superficially, it appears to be most closely related to c. rufiventris (dejean, 1825) but is distinguished on the basis of multiple morphological characters and behavior. given the rock-loving natural history of the species, escape behavior, polished pronotum, and small body size, it may be more closely related to th ...202033055904
new or rare madagascar tiger beetles-19. description of pogonostoma (pogonostoma) natsuae sp. nov. and elaborated redescription of p. (m.) meridionale fleutiaux (coleoptera: cicindelidae).pogonostoma (pogonostoma) natsuae sp. nov. from southwestern madagascar is described as new to science. the new species is compared to similar pogonostoma (pogonostoma) meridionale fleutiaux, 1899, which occurs in the southernmost areas of madagascar and whose elaborated redescription is presented. both species are illustrated in colour photographs of their habitus and diagnostic characters of the type and other specimens.202033055841
modifying the "eye of the tiger" technique: preserving gluteal artery perfusion in the treatment of an aneurysm of the hypogastric artery.in endovascular aneurysm repair, parallel stent graft deployment is sometimes utilized to preserve the distal branch perfusion. however, there will be some gutter space around 2 stent grafts, which may cause endoleak. the "eye of the tiger" technique was invented to minimize this leak when deploying a small side-branch stent graft in conjunction with a large aortic endograft. the purpose of this case report is to describe our modified technique for 2 small endografts deployed in double d-shape i ...202033034266
delayed antivenom for life-threatening tiger snake bite: lessons learnt.an adolescent victim of an urban snakebite developed respiratory failure, rhabdomyolysis and consumption procoagulopathy but recovered with two vials of tiger snake antivenom administered after a delay of 48 hours. the clinical significance of a post-bite collapse was not initially appreciated. tiger snake (notechis spp.) venom antigen was measurable in blood before antivenom but not after whereas antivenom was measurable in blood for nine ensuing days. this case adds to growing evidence that fu ...202033017183
partial amniote sex chromosomal linkage homologies shared on snake w sex chromosomes support the ancestral super-sex chromosome evolution in amniotes.squamate reptile chromosome 2 (sr2) is thought to be an important remnant of an ancestral amniote super-sex chromosome, but a recent study showed that the siamese cobra w sex chromosome is also a part of this larger ancestral chromosome. to confirm the existence of an ancestral amniote super-sex chromosome and understand the mechanisms of amniote sex chromosome evolution, chromosome maps of two snake species [russell's viper: daboia russelii (dru) and the common tiger snake: notechis scutatus (n ...202033014016
characterizing three shallow-water locations off goa, india, using passive acoustic data.in this study, an analysis of the passive acoustic data is carried out for the quantitative characterization of shallow-water acoustic environments from three major estuarine systems of goa during the months of march and april. the identification of fish sounds was carried out using waveform and peak power spectral densities (psds) of the individual fish calls. fish sound data showed that the toadfish of the batrachoididae family (colletteichthys dussumieri species) produced a spectral level 112 ...202033003864
large-scale variation in snp density within the laboratory axolotl (ambystoma mexicanum).recent efforts to assemble and analyze the ambystoma mexicanum genome have dramatically improved the potential to develop molecular tools and pursue genome-wide analyses of genetic variation.202033001517
fine-scale population structure and evidence for local adaptation in australian giant black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) using snp analysis.restrictions to gene flow, genetic drift, and divergent selection associated with different environments are significant drivers of genetic differentiation. the black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon), is widely distributed throughout the indian and pacific oceans including along the western, northern and eastern coastline of australia, where it is an important aquaculture and fishery species. understanding the genetic structure and the influence of environmental factors leading to adaptive differe ...202032993495
roles of extracellular matrix components in tiger frog virus attachment to fathead minnow (pimephales promelas) cells.tiger frog virus (tfv) belongs to the genus ranavirus (family iridoviridae) and causes significant harm in cultured frogs, resulting in substantial losses in ecological and economic field in southern china. attachment is the first step in viral life cycle, which is dependent on the interactions of virions with extracellular matrix (ecm) components. studying this process will help in understanding virus infection and controlling viral diseases. in this study, the roles of primary ecm components i ...202032976972
homologues of piwi control transposable elements and development of male germline in penaeus monodon.piwi belongs to the argonaute protein family, which is a major protein component in rna silencing pathway. piwi proteins play roles in the control of transposons and germline development. they have been widely studied in vertebrates and flies, while very little is known in crustacean so far. we have previously identified and characterized a cdna encoding piwi protein (pmpiwi1) in the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon. in this study, a cdna encoding another piwi protein namely pmpiwi2 was identi ...202032971288
depth-dependent dive kinematics suggest cost-efficient foraging strategies by tiger sharks.tiger sharks, galeocerdo cuvier, are a keystone, top-order predator that are assumed to engage in cost-efficient movement and foraging patterns. to investigate the extent to which oscillatory diving by tiger sharks conform to these patterns, we used a biologging approach to model their cost of transport. high-resolution biologging tags with tri-axial sensors were deployed on 21 tiger sharks at ningaloo reef for durations of 5-48 h. using overall dynamic body acceleration as a proxy for energy ex ...202032968529
"tiger stripes" sign in acute coronary syndrome.the incidence of mitral regurgitation in acute myocardial syndromes is variable. echocardiographic evaluation is fundamental in making a proper diagnosis of mechanical complications and to offer timely treatment. we present a case of a 64-year-old male who was admitted to the er in acute pulmonary edema. the electrocardiogram showed negative st-segment deviation from v4-v6, positive st-segment deviation in avr. multivessel disease with severe mitral regurgitation was seen in catheterization. a t ...202032952158
long-term mosquito culture with skitosnack, an artificial blood meal replacement.the reliance on blood is a limiting factor for mass rearing of mosquitoes for sterile-insect-technique (sit) and other mosquito-based control strategies. to solve this problem, we have developed skitosnack, a formulated diet for aedes aegypti (l) mosquitoes, as an alternative for vertebrate blood. here we addressed the question if long-term yellow fever mosquito culture with skitosnack resulted in changed life history traits and fitness of the offspring compared to blood-raised mosquitoes. we al ...202032941432
probiotics against viruses; covid-19 is a paper tiger: a systematic review.probiotics can improve immune function for prevention and management of viral infections like sars-cov-2 infection (covid-19 disease).202032940192
mourilyan virus pathogenicity in kuruma shrimp (penaeus japonicus).the bunyavirus mourilyan virus (mov) occurs commonly in black tiger (penaeus monodon) and kuruma shrimp (penaeus japonicus) farmed in eastern australia. there is circumstantial evidence of mov causing mortalities among p. japonicus moved from farm ponds to tanks for rearing as broodstock. to directly assess its pathogenic potential, independent cohorts of pond- (n = 24) or tank-reared juvenile (n = 21) p. japonicus were challenged intramuscularly with a cephalothorax tissue homogenate of p. mono ...202032929759
coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) in domestic animals and wildlife: advances and prospects in the development of animal models for vaccine and therapeutic research.sars-cov-2, which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), is suspected to have been first contracted via animal-human interactions; it has further spread across the world by efficient human-to-human transmission. recent reports of covid-19 in companion animals (dogs and cats) and wild carnivores such as tigers have created a dilemma regarding its zoonotic transmission. although in silico docking studies, sequence-based computational studies, and experimental studies have shown the possibilit ...202032915100
improving the quality of trauma meetings by implementation of a modern trauma management platform.trauma meetings constitute the majority of clinical decision-making for new referrals and also act as a crucial tool to coordinate the trauma theatre list. incorporation of electronic technology has been shown to improve the quality of patient handover. etrauma is a recently developed cloud-based patient management platform which we planned to implement at our hospital. the aim of our project was to evaluate the quality of our current trauma meeting and subsequently the effect of implementing a ...202032907854
skim-sequencing based genotyping reveals genetic divergence of the wild and domesticated population of black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) in the indo-pacific region.the domestication of a wild-caught aquatic animal is an evolutionary process, which results in genetic discrimination at the genomic level in response to strong artificial selection. although black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) is one of the most commercially important aquaculture species, a systematic assessment of genetic divergence and structure of wild-caught and domesticated broodstock populations of the species is yet to be documented. therefore, we used skim sequencing (skimseq) based ge ...202032906759
a lipidomic analysis of leaves of esca-affected grapevine suggests a role for galactolipids in the defense response and appearance of foliar symptoms.both qualitative and quantitative changes occur in the lipid composition of vitis vinifera l. tissues, which may compromise the defense response against esca complex disease, a widespread and damaging trunk disease. in this study, a lipidomic analysis of grapevine leaves is conducted to assess how lipid membrane remodeling relates to the emergence and progression of esca foliar symptoms. in total, 208 molecular species (including lipids, four hormones, and some other compounds of the metabolism ...202032899845
the shrimp microsporidian enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (ehp): biology, pathology, diagnostics and control.disease is a major limiting factor in the global production of cultivated shrimp. the microsporidian parasite enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (ehp) was formally characterized in 2009 as a rare infection of the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon. it remained relatively unstudied until mid-2010, after which infection with ehp became increasingly common in the pacific whiteleg shrimp penaeus vannamei, by then the most common shrimp species farmed in asia. ehp infects the hepatopancreas of its host, cau ...202032882232
geographic mosaic of selection by avian predators on hindwing warning colour in a polymorphic aposematic moth.warning signals are predicted to develop signal monomorphism via positive frequency-dependent selection (+fds) albeit many aposematic systems exhibit signal polymorphism. to understand this mismatch, we conducted a large-scale predation experiment in four countries, among which the frequencies of hindwing warning coloration of the aposematic moth, arctia plantaginis, differ. here we show that selection by avian predators on warning colour is predicted by local morph frequency and predator commun ...202032881319
can zoos ever be big enough for large wild animals? a review using an expert panel assessment of the psychological priorities of the amur tiger (panthera tigris altaica) as a model species.the ecology of large, wide-ranging carnivores appears to make them vulnerable to conservation challenges in the wild and welfare challenges in captivity. this poses an ethical dilemma for the zoo community and supports the case that there is a need to reconsider prevailing management paradigms for these species in captivity. whilst the welfare challenges wide ranging carnivores face have been attributed to reduced ranging opportunities associated with the decreased size of captive habitats, atte ...202032878205
host associated mixed probiotic bacteria induced digestive enzymes in the gut of tiger shrimp penaeus monodon.the shrimp penaeus monodon was used for the isolation of digestive enzyme producing host-associated probiotic bacteria. gut was isolated from a healthy animal completely and morphologically different bacterial isolates were screened for the production of hydrolytic enzymes, such as, protease, amylase, lipase and cellulases. based on their ability to produce enzymes, the potent probiotic bacteria were identified as bacillus subtilis and b. licheniformis and these two were used for the preparation ...202032874122
multi-omics analysis to examine microbiota, host gene expression and metabolites in the intestine of black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) with different growth performance.understanding the correlation between shrimp growth and their intestinal bacteria would be necessary to optimize animal's growth performance. here, we compared the bacterial profiles along with the shrimp's gene expression responses and metabolites in the intestines between the top and the bottom weight groups. black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) were collected from the same population and rearing environments. the two weight groups, the top-weight group with an average weight of 36.82 ± 0.41 g ...202032864208
red shrimp are a rich source of nutritionally vital lipophilic compounds: a comparative study among edible flesh and processing waste.this study was aimed at comparatively analyzing the sterols, tocopherols and fatty acids from edible flesh and processing waste obtained from three shrimp species, utilizing rapid liquid chromatography (lc)-atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization (apci)-tandem mass spectrometry (ms/ms) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). results revealed the presence of significantly (p < 0.05) high proportions of health-beneficial omega-3 (n3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufas) in argentine red ...202032858876
improved reference genome of the arboviral vector aedes albopictus.the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus is globally expanding and has become the main vector for human arboviruses in europe. with limited antiviral drugs and vaccines available, vector control is the primary approach to prevent mosquito-borne diseases. a reliable and accurate dna sequence of the ae. albopictus genome is essential to develop new approaches that involve genetic manipulation of mosquitoes.202032847630
ficus microcarpa bonsai "tiger bark" parasitized by the root-knot nematode meloidogyne javanica and the spiral nematode helicotylenchus dihystera, a new plant host record for both species.in december 2017, a ficus microcarpa "tiger bark" bonsai tree was acquired in a shopping center in coimbra, portugal, without symptoms in the leaves, but showing small atypical galls of infection caused by root-knot nematodes (rkn), meloidogyne spp. the soil nematode community was assessed and four tylenchida genera were detected: helicotylenchus (94.02%), tylenchus s.l. (4.35%), tylenchorynchus s.l. (1.09%) and meloidogyne (0.54%). the rkn m. javanica was identified through analysis of esterase ...202032846993
turmeric (curcuma longa l.) extract on oxidative stability, physicochemical and sensory properties of fresh lamb sausage with fat replacement by tiger nut (cyperus esculentus l.) oil.this study aimed to evaluate the effect of turmeric extract as natural antioxidant on modified atmosphere-packaged fresh lamb sausages with fat replacement during storage (2 °c). five treatments were prepared: control without antioxidant (cont); with 500 mg/kg sodium erythorbate (e500); and three batches with 250, 500 or 750 mg/kg turmeric extract (t250, t500 and t750), respectively. the proximate composition, ph, color, texture, oxidative stability, sensorial analysis, free fatty acids and vola ...202032846569
a preliminary study of mirror-induced self-directed behaviour on wildlife at the royal belum rainforest malaysia.mirror-induced behaviour has been described as a cognitive ability of an animal to self-direct their image in front of the mirror. most animals when exposed to a mirror responded with a social interactive behaviour such as aggressiveness, exploratory and repetitive behaviour. the objective of this study is to determine the mirror-induced self-directed behaviour on wildlife at the royal belum rainforest, malaysia. wildlife species at the royal belum rainforest were identified using a camera traps ...202032839483
the first report of two sphaeromyxa species (myxozoa: bivalvulida) from the south china sea: sphaeromyxa scorpaena n. sp. from long-fingered scorpionfish (scorpaenodes albaiensis) and sphaeromyxa theraponi from tiger perch (terapon jarbua).two myxosporean species of the genus sphaeromyxa were isolated from the gallbladders of marine fish in the south china sea. sphaeromyxa scorpaena n. sp. was collected from scorpaenodes albaiensis evermann and seale, 1907. the mature myxospores were arcuate-shaped with tapered to pointed ends, and a length of 14.1 ± 0.7 (13.8-15.1) μm and a width of 5.2 ± 0.3 (4.9-5.8) μm. the polar capsules (pcs) were pyriform with a length of 3.2 ± 0.2 (3.1-3.5) μm and a width of 1.6 ± 0.1 (1.4-1.8) μm, and con ...202032833049
phenotypic characterization of tiger nuts (cyperus esculentus l.) from major growing areas in ghana.tigernut (cyperus esculentus lativum) is an important but understudied and underutilized crop in ghana. the tubers are highly appreciated for their health benefits and nutritive value. to contribute to the conservation process of tiger nut and identify elite genotypes, this study was conducted to assess phenotypic variability in tiger nut genotypes in ghana. sixty-four (64) genotypes were collected from major tiger nut growing areas in ghana. the genotypes were field-grown and characterized base ...202032831807
novel 2-cys peroxiredoxin gene confers biotic and abiotic stress resistance in penaeus monodon.peroxiredoxins (prxs) are crucial antioxidant proteins that protect against biotic and abiotic stresses in many organisms, ranging from bacteria to mammals. in the present work, a novel 2-cys peroxiredoxin gene (pmprxn), which contains a 153 bp 5'-terminal untranslated region (5'-utr), a 636 bp open reading frame encoding a protein with 211 amino acids, and an 898 bp 3'-utr, was successfully identified and characterized in the black tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon. tissue-specific expression analy ...202032828846
oil extraction from tiger nut (cyperus esculentus l.) using the combination of microwave-ultrasonic assisted aqueous enzymatic method - design, optimization and quality evaluation.microwave-ultrasonic assisted aqueous enzymatic extraction (muaaee) was applied to extract tiger nut oil (tno). the conditions of muaaee were optimized by plackett-burman design followed box-behnken design. an oil recovery of 85.23% was achieved under optimum conditions of a 2% concentration of mixed enzyme including cellulase, pectinase and hemicellulase (1/1/1, w/w/w), particle size <600 μm, microwave power 300 w, ultrasonic power 460 w, radiation temperature 40 °c, time 30 min, enzymolysis te ...202032823093
transcriptomic changes across vitellogenesis in the black tiger prawn (penaeus monodon), neuropeptides and g protein-coupled receptors repertoire curation.the black tiger prawn (penaeus monodon) is one of the most commercially important prawn species world-wide, yet there are currently key issues that hinder aquaculture of this species, such as low spawning capacity of captive-reared broodstock females and lack of globally available fully domesticated strains. in this study, we analysed the molecular changes that occur from vitellogenesis to spawning of a fully domesticated population of p.monodon (madagascar) using four tissues [brain and thoraci ...202032822704
a haplotype-resolved, de novo genome assembly for the wood tiger moth (arctia plantaginis) through trio binning.diploid genome assembly is typically impeded by heterozygosity because it introduces errors when haplotypes are collapsed into a consensus sequence. trio binning offers an innovative solution that exploits heterozygosity for assembly. short, parental reads are used to assign parental origin to long reads from their f1 offspring before assembly, enabling complete haplotype resolution. trio binning could therefore provide an effective strategy for assembling highly heterozygous genomes, which are ...202032808665
comparative analysis of microbial community structure and function in the gut of wild and captive amur tiger.it has been well acknowledged that the gut microbiome is important for host health, composition changes in these microbial communities might increase susceptibility to infections and reduce adaptability to environment. reintroduction, as an effective strategy for wild population recovery and genetic diversity maintenance for endangered populations, usually takes captive populations as rewilding resource. while, little is known about the compositional and functional differences of gut microbiota ...202032793154
research on a specialty mushroom (pleurotus tuber-regium) as a functional food: chemical composition and biological activities.pleurotus tuber-regium (ptr) is an edible specialty mushroom that has attracted growing interest recently because of its sensory attributes, high nutritional values, and important medicinal properties. ptr is rich in bioactive polysaccharides, proteins with essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, dietary fiber, minerals, and vitamins. current studies have shown that the nutrients and bioactive ingredients of ptr contribute to their antitumor, antihypercholesterolemic, antihypertensive, ant ...202032786828
a role of newly found auxiliary site in phospholipase a1 from thai banded tiger wasp (vespa affinis) in its enzymatic enhancement: in silico homology modeling and molecular dynamics insights.phospholipase a1 from thai banded tiger wasp (vespa affinis) venom also known as ves a 1 plays an essential role in fatal vespid allergy. ves a 1 becomes an important therapeutic target for toxin remedy. however, established ves a 1 structure or a mechanism of ves a 1 function were not well documented. this circumstance has prevented efficient design of a potential phospholipase a1 inhibitor. in our study, we successfully recruited homology modeling and molecular dynamic (md) simulation to model ...202032784438
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