Publications

monitoring viral-induced cell death using electric cell-substrate impedance sensing.	using an electrical measurement known as electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ecis), we have recorded the dynamics of viral infections in cell culture. with this technique, cells are cultured on small gold electrodes where the measured impedance mirrors changes in attachment and morphology of cultured cells. as the cells attach and spread on the electrode, the measured impedance increases until the electrode is completely covered. viral infection inducing cytopathic effect results in drama ...	2007	17826975
dysfunction of dysferlin-deficient hearts.	mutations in the gene encoding dysferlin cause limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2b (lgmd2b), a disorder that is believed to spare the heart. we observed dilated cardiomyopathy in two out of seven lgmd2b patients and cardiac abnormalities in three others. cardiac biopsies showed that dysferlin was completely absent from the sarcolemma and appeared to be trapped within the cardiomyocytes. sjl/j mice (33-week-old) had diminished end-systolic pressure and reduced dp/dt; however, the hearts were histol ...	2007	17828519
the development of probiotics for the control of multiple bacterial diseases of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum).	jb-1 and gc2, which were equated with bacillus sp. and aeromonas sobria respectively, were recovered from the digestive tract of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss and ghost carp, cyprinus sp. respectively, and demonstrated effectiveness as probiotics for the control of infections caused by aeromonas salmonicida, lactococcus garvieae, streptococcus iniae, vibrio anguillarum, vibrio ordalii and yersinia ruckeri. when administered to rainbow trout (average weight = 12 g) for 14 days in feed dosed ...	2007	17850573
transcription factor sp3 knockout mice display serious cardiac malformations.	mice lacking the zinc finger transcription factor specificity protein 3 (sp3) die prenatally in the c57bl/6 background. to elucidate the cause of mortality we analyzed the potential role of sp3 in embryonic heart development. sp3 null hearts display defective looping at embryonic day 10.5 (e10.5), and at e14.5 the sp3 null mutants have developed a range of severe cardiac malformations. in an attempt to position sp3 in the cardiac developmental hierarchy, we analyzed the expression patterns of >1 ...	2007	17923686
cell cycle and apoptosis regulatory protein-1: a novel regulator of apoptosis in the colonic mucosa during aging.	although the regulatory mechanisms for the age-related rise in proliferation and reduction in apoptosis in the colonic mucosa are yet to be fully delineated, we have demonstrated that these events are associated with increased expression and activation of epithelial growth factor receptor (egfr)/erbb-1 and some of its receptor family members (egfrs), indicating their involvement in these processes. however, the downstream signaling events of egfr and/or its family members regulating age-related ...	2007	17932228
isolation and selection of bacillus spp. as potential biological agents for enhancement of water quality in culture of ornamental fish.	to isolate, select and evaluate bacillus spp. as potential biological agents for enhancement of water quality in culture of ornamental fish.	2007	17953558
first detection and confirmation of spring viraemia of carp virus in common carp, cyprinus carpio l., from hamilton harbour, lake ontario, canada.	in june 2006, 150 wild common carp were sampled from hamilton harbour, lake ontario, canada. tissue pools consisting of kidney, spleen and encephalon were screened for viruses as a condition facilitating the export of live carp to france. cytopathic effect (cpe), indicative of a viral infection, became evident after 8 days of incubation at 15 degrees c. eighteen of 30 tissue pools (five fish per pool) eventually demonstrated viral cpe. the viral pathogen was initially cultured and isolated on th ...	2007	17958610
establishment, characterization, and viral susceptibility of two cell lines derived from goldfish carassius auratus muscle and swim bladder.	goldfish carassius auratus are common aquarium fish and have a significant economic and research value, having considerable worth to fisheries as a baitfish and the ability to adapt to a range of habitats. two cell lines were established from goldfish muscle and swim bladder tissue, in order to create a biological monitoring tool for viral diseases. cell lines were optimally maintained at 30 degrees c in leibovitz-15 medium supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum. propagation of goldfish cells ...	2007	17972754
molecular cloning and characterization of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) cd8beta and cd4-like genes.	partial cdna sequences of both cd8beta and cd4-like (cd4l) genes of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) were isolated from thymus cdna library by the method of suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh). subsequently the full length cdnas of carp cd8beta and cd4l were obtained by means of 3' race and 5' race, respectively. the full length cdna of carp cd8beta is 1164 bp and encodes 207 amino acids including a signal peptide region of 24 amino acids, a transmembrane region of 23 amino acids from aa ...	2007	17977746
comparative thyroidology: thyroid gland location and iodothyronine dynamics in mozambique tilapia (oreochromis mossambicus peters) and common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	in teleosts, the thyroid gland is mostly found in the subpharyngeal region. however, in several species thyroid follicles are found in, for example, heart, head kidney and kidney. such heterotopic thyroid follicles are active, and considered to work in concert with the subpharyngeal thyroid. in mozambique tilapia (oreochromis mossambicus) thyroid activity is, indeed, restricted to the subpharyngeal region; in common carp (cyprinus carpio) the functional endocrine thyroid is associated with renal ...	2007	17981868
effect of arsenic and chromium on the serum amino-transferases activity in indian major carp, labeo rohita.	arsenic and hexavalent chromium toxicity results from their ability to interact with sulfahydryl groups of proteins and enzymes, and to substitute phosphorus in a variety of biochemical reactions. alanine aminotransferase (alt; e.c: 2.6.1.2) and aspartate amino transferase (ast; ec 2.6.1.1) play a crucial role in transamination reactions and can be used as potential biomarkers to indicate hepatotoxicity and cellular damage. while histopathological studies in liver tissue require more time and ex ...	2007	17911661
helminth infections in common carp, cyprinus carpio l., 1758 (cyprinidae) from kovada lake (turkey).	the aim of this study which was carried out from march 2003-february 2004 was to determine the parasites of carp (cyprinus carpio l., 1758) inhabiting the kovada lake. during the study, a total of 63 common carps were caught in different regions of kovada lake each month and investigated parasitologically. in carps, the ectoparasite, dactylogyrus minutus of monogenea, was found and endoparasites; bothriocephalus acheilognathi and caryophyllaeus laticeps of cestoda were found. the most common par ...	2007	17918067
molecular identification of two strains of third-stage larvae of contracaecum rudolphii sensu lato (nematoda: anisakidae) from fish in poland.	contracaecum sp. larvae (l3) from fish were identified using nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacers its-1 and its-2 of the ribosomal dna. the nematode larvae originated from fish in a freshwater situation (crucian carp carassius carassius, from selment wielki lake in mazury, northeastern poland) and a brackish-water region (caspian round goby neogobius melanostomus from the baltic sea, gdafisk bay at the polish coast). two strains (contracaecum rudolphii a and b) of contracaecu ...	2007	17918390
rutr is the uracil/thymine-sensing master regulator of a set of genes for synthesis and degradation of pyrimidines.	using the genomic selex, a total of six escherichia coli dna fragments have been identified, which formed complexes with transcription factor rutr. the rutr regulon was found to include a large number of genes encoding components for not only degradation of pyrimidines but also transport of glutamate, synthesis of glutamine, synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides and arginine, and degradation of purines. dnase i footprinting indicated that rutr recognizes a palindromic sequence of ttgaccanntggtcaa. ...	2007	17919280
carps are e3 ligases that target apical caspases and p53.	apoptosis is mediated by executioner caspases that are negatively regulated by the inhibitors of apoptosis (iaps). apical or initiator caspases are not the substrates of iaps for degradation or sequestration. newly characterized proteins, caspases-8/10 associated ring proteins 1 and 2 (carp1/2) exhibit significant similarity to classical inhibitors of apoptosis (iaps) in both structure and function, however the diverse substrate specificity of carps distinguishes them from the family of iaps. ca ...	2007	17986872
studies on fish and pork paste gelation by dynamic rheology and circular dichroism.	the muscle paste of fish, pork, and their mixtures were prepared to study the gelling characteristics by dynamic rheological measurement. the gelation mechanisms of muscle paste were also investigated by circular dichroism. gel formation of fish paste occurred in 2 steps of 5 to 35 and 51 to 90 degrees c respectively, while pork paste mainly in 1 step of 49 to 72 degrees c. gel formation was relative to the alpha-helix unfolding of myosin, which responded the melting temperatures of 40 and 50 de ...	2007	17995642
food safety aspects of toxic element accumulation in fish from wastewater-fed ponds in hanoi, vietnam.	to evaluate the food safety of fish from production systems in hanoi feed with domestic and industrial wastewater with respect to the potentially toxic elements such as arsenic (as), cadmium (cd) and lead (pb).	2007	18005313
occurrence and species distribution of fishborne zoonotic trematodes in wastewater-fed aquaculture in northern vietnam.	to assess the risk of fishborne zoonotic trematode (fzt) infection in fish reared in wastewater-fed ponds in peri-urban areas of northern vietnam.	2007	18005317
effects of different surfactants on motility and dna integrity of brown trout (salmo trutta fario) and common carp (cyprinus carpio) spermatozoa.	in this study we evaluated effects of surfactants on motility parameters and dna integrity of spermatozoa of freshwater teleost fish. common carp (cyprinus carpio) and brown trout (salmo trutta fario) spermatozoa were exposed to either sodium dodecyl sulphate (sds, anionic surfactant) or octoxynol 9 ( triton x-100, nonionic surfactant). both surfactants added at activation caused a decrease in sperm motility characteristics measured by computer-assisted sperm analysis (casa). intraspecific diffe ...	2007	17873964
microcystin kinetics (bioaccumulation and elimination) and biochemical responses in common carp (cyprinus carpio) and silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) exposed to toxic cyanobacterial blooms.	two species of common edible fish, common carp (cyprinus carpio) and silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix), were exposed to a microcystis spp.-dominated natural cyanobacterial water bloom for two months (concentrations of cyanobacterial toxin microcystin, 182-539 microg/g biomass dry wt). toxins accumulated up to 1.4 to 29 ng/g fresh weight and 3.3 to 19 ng/g in the muscle of silver carp and common carp, respectively, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent immunoassay. concentrations a ...	2007	18020691
morphogenesis of koi herpesvirus observed by electron microscopy.	koi herpesvirus (khv or cyprinid herpesvirus 3) was inoculated onto three fish cell lines derived from carp, cyprinus carpio l., and the process of virion formation observed with electron microscopy. essentially, similar features of virus particles were observed in all three cell lines. the nucleus of infected cells was characterized by margination of chromatin and often contained many capsids of about 110 nm in diameter with varying morphology. the morphological variation of the capsids was ver ...	2007	18034678
a potential role for calcium / calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-related peptide in neuronal apoptosis: in vivo and in vitro evidence.	previously, we have established that a product of the doublecortin-like kinase (dclk) gene, dclk-short, is cleaved by caspases during serum deprivation. subsequently, the n-terminal cleavage product of dclk-short facilitates apoptosis in the neuroblastoma cell line ng108. as this n-terminal cleavage product is highly homologous to calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-related peptide (carp), another dclk gene splice variant, we aimed to determine the possible apoptotic properties of carp i ...	2007	18052980
detection of cyprinid herpesvirus type 3 in goldfish cohabiting with cyhv-3-infected koi carp (cyprinus carpio koi).		2007	18065817
detection of cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (cyhv-3) dna in infected fish tissues by nested polymerase chain reaction.	diagnostic tests with high analytical sensitivity are required to detect cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (cyhv-3) in carriers that have been implicated in the dissemination of this important disease of koi and common carp cyprinus carpio. a nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) test was developed to detect cyhv-3 dna in tissues of infected fish. the 2-round pcr amplified 529 and 379 bp segments of the cyhv-3 gene coding for the major capsid protein using specific external and internal primers, respectiv ...	2007	18159669
non-specific adsorption of fish immunoglobulin m (igm) to blocking reagents on elisa plate wells.	enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) is a popular technique for quantifiable detection of specific antibodies in warm-blooded animals, but it has not been accepted for detection of fish antibodies because of its low reproducibility, which is due in part to high background optical density (od) measurements. in the present study, we report that the high background of a fish antibody-detection elisa resulted from non-specific adsorption of fish immunoglobulin m (igm) to blocking reagents on th ...	2007	18159673
treatment of ichthyophthiriasis in rainbow trout and common carp with common and alternative therapeutics.	the goal of this laboratory study was to provide better knowledge about the treatment of ichthyophthiriasis (causative agent: ichthyophthirius multifiliis, a ciliate bacteria) in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and common carp cyprinus carpio. the following questions were investigated: (1) the effectiveness of different chemicals (formalin, sodium chloride, hydrogen peroxide, perotan, virkon, aquahumin, baycox, and ivomec) and at different concentrations and durations of application, (2) the n ...	2007	18201060
heavy metal accumulation in water, sediments and fishes of nallihan bird paradise, turkey.	the accumulation of some heavy metals such as pb, cd, cu and ni was determined in water sediment and fish samples (albumus escherichii, cyprinus carpio and silurus glanis) collected from nallihan bird paradise (nbp) and its vicinity (sariyar dam). the results showed that these metals are found widespread throughout the study area, but metal concentrations in the water samples are below the detection limits (bdl). pb, cd, cu and ni contamination were determined in sediments and in fish tissues (m ...	2007	18380073
isolation of side population cells from ginbuna carp (carassius auratus langsdorfii) kidney hematopoietic tissues.	side population (sp) cells, characterized by a specific hoechst dye efflux pattern by flow cytometry were isolated from kidney hematopoietic tissues of ginbuna carp (carassius auratus langsdorfii). the hematopoietic activity of sp cells was evaluated by the repopulation and multilineage potential using an in vivo transplant system of ginbuna carp (donor) and ginbuna-goldfish hybrids (recipient). in a flow cytometric (fcm) analysis, a small and distinct population of ginbuna sp cells displayed ef ...	2007	17129605
the formation of improved tetraploid population of red crucian carp x common carp hybrids by androgenesis.	bisexual fertile diploid androgenetic individuals (a(0)) (2n=100) were formed by androgenesis. in this way, the diploid spermatozoa from male allotetraploid hybrids (at) (4n=200) of red crucian carp (carassius auratus red var.) (female) x common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) (male) were used to fertilize the uv-treated haploid eggs of goldfish (carassius auratus), and living androgenetic diploid fish were developed. the a(0) became sexually mature at the age of 2 years, and they fertilized with each ...	2007	17901933
altered serum levels of sex steroids and biotransformation enzyme activities by long-term alachlor exposure in crucian carp (carassius auratus).		2007	17668140
studies on resistance characteristic and cdna sequence conservation of transferrin from crucian carp, carassius auratus.	transferrin (tf) is a kind of non-heme beta-globulin with two iron ions (fe(3+))-binding sites. to prove tf's physiological functions, fe(3+)-proteins, serum iron contents, and total iron-binding capabilities were tested for tfs of crucian carps (carassius auratus) and sliver carps (hypophthalmichthys molitrix). the above results demonstrated that sliver carps shared 1/3 tf alleles with crucian carps; tf of crucian carps had stronger fe(3+)-binding ability and transportation ability in plasma th ...	2007	17646932
direct evidence for interaction between lead ions and kidney dna from silver crucian carp.	a direct interaction of lead (pb) with kidney dna from silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) has been systematically studied in vitro using multi-techniques, including uv-vis absorption, extended x-ray absorption fine structure, vacuum ultraviolet circular dichroism spectral methods and gel electrophoresis. we find that pb is bound with four oxygen or nitrogen atoms of dna in its fresh shell at the distances of 2.64 a. additionally, pb may bind to the oxygen atom of nucleic acid or nit ...	2007	17517428
[cloning and the sequence analysis of the fish glutathione transferase pi gene].	using rt-pcr method, the glutathione transferase pi cdnas were cloned from cyprinus carpio, hypophthalmichthys molitrix, and carassius auratus. the open reading frames (orfs) from the 3 fishes were 627 bp long (encoding for 208 amino acids) with the initial code atg and the terminal code tga. the sequence similarity was 50% between fish and mammals, 33% between fish and amphibian, and 15% between fish and arthropoda, respectively. the sequence similarity was big among fishes, and the average val ...	2007	17369158
purification, characterization, and cdna cloning of a myofibril-bound serine proteinase from the skeletal muscle of crucian carp (carassius auratus).	a myofibril-bound serine proteinase (mbsp) was highly purified from the skeletal muscle of crucian carp (carasius auratus) by acidic treatment of myofibril solution and chromatographies on q-sepharose and benzamidine-sepharose 6b. mbsp revealed a main protein band of approximately 28 kda on sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) and was particularly inhibited by serine proteinase inhibitors. substrate-specificity analysis revealed that the enzyme specifically cleaved at the carboxyl side ...	2007	17253717
the toxicity of copper to crucian carp (carassius carassius) in soft water.	crucian carp (carassius carassius) were exposed to a cu rich medium (ph 6.6, conductivity 25 micros/cm, 2.91 mg ca(2+)/l, approximately 300 microg cu(2+)/l). untreated department water (ph 6.6, conductivity 25 micros/cm, 2.91 mg ca(2+)/l) acted as control. mortality in crucian carp was first observed after 13 days of exposure to the cu rich medium. there were, however, significant changes in haematocrit, plasma chloride, plasma sodium and water content in muscle in fish exposed to the cu rich me ...	2007	17628637
gill remodeling in fish--a new fashion or an ancient secret?	while a large respiratory surface area is good for gas exchange, it also poses several problems, including energetically unfavorable fluxes of water and ions. as a result, fishes appear to have a respiratory surface area that is matched to their oxygen demands. when faced with changes in their need for oxygen uptake, e.g. through altered physical activity or altered ambient oxygen levels, fishes have long been known to make two different adjustments: (1) to change the water flow over the gills o ...	2007	17601943
adenosine does not save the heart of anoxia-tolerant vertebrates during prolonged oxygen deprivation.	despite adenosine being regarded as an important signaling molecule capable of coordinating atp supply and demand during periods of oxygen deprivation in anoxia-intolerant mammals, the importance of adenosinergic cardiovascular control in anoxia-tolerant vertebrates is poorly understood. here, we report on adenosinergic cardiovascular control during normoxia and prolonged (hours to days) oxygen deprivation for three vertebrate species tolerant of severe hypoxia/anoxia, the closely related common ...	2007	17433747
melatonin in the regulation of annual testicular events in carp catla catla: evidence from the studies on the effects of exogenous melatonin, continuous light, and continuous darkness.	the physiological significance of melatonin in the regulation of annual testicular events in a major carp catla catla was evaluated through studies on the effects of graded dose (25, 50, or 100 microg/100 g body wt.) of melatonin exogenously administered for different durations (1, 15, or 30 days) and manipulation of the endogenous melatonin system by exposing the fish to constant darkness (dd) or constant light (ll) for 30 days. an identical experimental schedule was followed during the prepara ...	2007	17701677
age-related trends in the blood chemistry and hematology of the indian carp (catla catla).		2007	14275631
free cyanide-induced biochemical changes in nitrogen metabolism of the indian major carp cirrhinus mrigala.	we studied the effect of free cyanide on several aspects of nitrogen metabolism in the gills, liver, and muscle tissue of the indian major carp, cirrhinus mrigala. free amino acid levels and protease activity were elevated following exposure to lethal and sublethal doses of free cyanide. at the lethal concentration, significant changes were noticed on day 4 for both parameters. the normal condition was restored only at the sublethal concentration.	2007	18380169
histopathology of lambda-cyhalothrin on tissues (gill, kidney, liver and intestine) of cirrhinus mrigala.	the histopathology of lambda-cyhalothrin, a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide, on the gill, liver, intestine and kidney tissues in fish, mrigal (cirrhinus mrigala), which is one of indian major carp species were determined by light microscopy. the fish were experimentally exposed to sub-lethal concentrations (0.3ppb and 0.6ppb) of lambda-cyhalothrin for 10 days. tissues were normal in the control group. epithelial hyperplasia, aneurism, epithelial necrosis, desquamation, epithelial lifting, oedema, ...	2007	21783823
absence of tissue-bound semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase activity in carp tissues.	we have previously reported that carp (cyprinus carpio) tissue mitochondria contain a novel form of monoamine oxidase (mao), which belongs neither to mao-a nor to mao-b of the mammalian enzyme. this conclusion results from the findings that the carp mao was equally sensitive to a selective mao-a inhibitor clorgyline and to the mao-b selective inhibitor l-deprenyl, when tyramine, a substrate for both forms, serotonin or beta-phenylethylamine, a substrate for either a or b-form of mammalian mao, w ...	2007	17215008
central mechanisms underlying fish swimming.	although the basic swimming rhythm is created by central pattern generators (cpgs) located in each spinal segment, command signals from the brain should be indispensable for the activation of cpgs to initiate swimming. we hypothesized that the nucleus of medial longitudinal fascicles (nflm) is the midbrain locomotor region driving swimming rhythms in teleosts. to test this hypothesis, we recorded neuronal activities from nflm neurons in swimming carp and analyzed the cytoarchitecture of the nucl ...	2007	17230022
subcellular distribution of cd in the aquatic oligochaete tubifex tubifex, implications for trophic availability and toxicity.	we studied the compartmentalization of cadmium and zinc in the oligochaete tubifex tubifex. the subcellular distribution was followed over time and levels of metallothionein-like proteins were measured. the impact of the speciation on the trophic transfer was studied by calculating the assimilation efficiencies of metals from tubificidae fed to carp. it was found that carp were able to assimilate 9.8% of the cadmium. the expected assimilated amount of cadmium, based on the subcellular fractions ...	2007	17240028
cloning and study of adult-tissue-specific expression of sox9 in cyprinus carpio.	the sox9 gene is one of the important transcription factors in the development of many tissues and organs, particularly in sex determination and chondrogenesis. we amplified the genomic dna of cyprinus carpio using degenerate primers, and found that there were two versions of sox9 in this species: sox9a and sox9b, that differ in having an intron of different length (704 bp and 616 bp, respectively) in the conserved hmg box region that codes for identical amino acid sequences. we used a two-phase ...	2007	17968136
cloning and functional characterization of 5'-upstream region of metallothionein-i gene from crucian carp (carassius cuvieri).	metallothioneins are low molecular weight, cysteine-rich, metal-binding proteins, which can be induced by heavy metal ions, cytokines, stress, and hormones. to investigate the roles of the main cis-acting elements involved in the inducible expression of metallothionein gene in fish, the 5'-upstream region of crucian carp (carassius cuvieri) metallothionein-i gene had been cloned and analyzed after our previous work on metallothionein-ii. in its upstream region, several putative cis-acting elemen ...	2007	17337234
the heart as a working model to explore themes and strategies for anoxic survival in ectothermic vertebrates.	most vertebrates die within minutes when deprived of molecular oxygen (anoxia), in part because of cardiac failure, which can be traced to an inadequate matching of cardiac atp supply to atp demand. cardiac power output (po; estimated from the product of cardiac output and central arterial pressure and an indirect measure of cardiac atp demand) is directly related to cardiac atp supply up to some maximal level during both normoxia (atp supply estimated from myocardial o(2) consumption) and anoxi ...	2007	17337222
use of suppression subtractive hybridization pcr for the development of cdna arrays for the detection of endocrine disruption in carp (cyprinus carpio).	the potential of a variety of xenobiotic compounds to modulate or disrupt the endocrine system of humans and wildlife is now widely recognized. in the present study, we developed a molecular tool for the evaluation of endocrine disruption in common carp (cyprinus carpio). suppression subtractive hybridization pcr was applied for the isolation of a relevant gene set, consisting of gender- and hormone-responsive gene fragments. this resulted in 398 different gene fragments that were most related t ...	2007	20483275
molecular characterization of common carp (cyprinus carpio) sonic hedgehog and discovery of its maternal expression.	sonic hedgehog (shh), one of important homologous members of the hedgehog (hh) family in vertebrates, encodes a signaling molecule that is involved in short- or long-range patterning processes during embryogenesis. in zebrafish, maternal activity of hh was found to be contributing to the formation of primary motoneurons. however, we found that all of the known hh members were not maternally expressed in zebrafish. in the present study, full-length cdna of common carp (cyprinus carpio) shh (cshh) ...	2007	17318658
two independent cases of spontaneously occurring branchioblastomas in koi carp (cyprinus carpio).	this report documents 2 cases of branchioblastomas in koi carp (cyprinus carpio). macroscopically, both cases were characterized by well-demarcated, pale red nodular masses located at the left first branchial arch and the right pseudobranch, respectively. histologically, the neoplasias were composed of blast-like cells that differentiated into cartilage and branchial lamellae embedded in abundant fibrous connective tissue. based on these findings, a branchioblastoma was diagnosed.	2007	17317806
calcium-binding proteins and their role in allergic diseases.	calcium-binding proteins (cbps) are ubiquitous pollen allergens and important food allergens in fish and amphibians. calcium-binding allergens containing two ef-hands (polcalcins) have been detected and characterized in pollen from trees, grasses, and weeds. timothy grass phl p 7 is the most cross-reactive allergen among polcalcins. although there is cross-reactivity described within the subfamilies of calcium-binding allergens, there are no strong indications for ige cross-reactivity between cb ...	2007	17276877
polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans and polychlorinated biphenyls in fresh fishes from qiantangjiang river, china.	muscles of two species of fish collected in qiangtangjiang river were analyzed for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (pcdd/fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) by high resolution gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (hrgc/hrms). average concentrations of total pcdd/fs in crucian carp and white amur bream were 1.14-7.88 pg g(-1)ww and 1.02-8.18 pg g(-1)ww respectively. corresponding values for pcbs were 469.36-10972 pg g(-1)ww and 364.79-4948.0 pg g(-1)ww. averag ...	2007	17275884
effluent impact assessment using microarray-based analysis in common carp: a systems toxicology approach.	effluents are a main source of direct and continuous input of pollutants to the aquatic environment, and can cause ecotoxicological effects at different levels of biological organization. since gene expression responses represent the primary interaction site between environmental contaminants and biota, they provide essential clues to understand how chemical exposure can affect organismal health. the aim of the present study was to investigate the applicability of a microarray approach for unrav ...	2007	17267021
chemical contaminants, health indicators, and reproductive biomarker responses in fish from the colorado river and its tributaries.	common carp (cyprinus carpio), black bass (micropterus spp.), and channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) were collected from 14 sites in the colorado river basin (crb) to document spatial trends in accumulative contaminants, health indicators, and reproductive biomarkers. organochlorine residues, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-like activity (tcdd-eq), and elemental contaminants were measured in composite samples of whole fish, grouped by species and gender, from each site. selenium (se) and ...	2007	17418376
the effects of heavy metals on common carp white blood cells in vitro.	the in vitro effects of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc, and various cadmium compounds (chloride, sulphate and nitrate) on common carp (cyprinus carpio) lymphocyte viability and phagocyte activity, were evaluated. the percentage of dead lymphocytes was determined after trypan blue staining, and phagocyte activity was measured by using the nitroblue tetrazolium (nbt) reduction test. lead was the most toxic to lymphocytes--the maximum mortality exceeded 30%, and was significantly higher at 1 microm ...	2007	17411356
initial survey of plasma vitellogenin and gonadal development in male carp (cyprinus carpio) from three locations in new jersey, usa.		2007	17410316
cryopreservation of common carp (cyprinus carpio) sperm in 1.2 and 5 ml straws and occurrence of haploids among larvae produced with cryopreserved sperm.	experiments were carried out on the cryopreservation of common carp (cyprinus carpio) sperm in order to test the suitability of using 1.2 and 5 ml straws and to investigate the ploidy of malformed larvae found among the hatched progeny. in the first set of experiments, the effect of freezing time was investigated on the hatch rate of embryos. the highest hatch rate for 1.2 ml straws was 69+/-16% at the freezing time of 4 min, and 39+/-27% for 5 ml straws at 5 min. in the second set, the effect d ...	2007	17400204
the effects of cooking on residues of malachite green and leucomalachite green in carp muscles.	the effects of various cooking methods (boiling, baking and microwaving) on residues of malachite green (mg) and its major metabolite, leucomalachite green (lmg), in incurred carp muscles were investigated. moreover, the stability of mg and lmg standard solutions under boiling in water and in oil was examined. the mg and lmg residues in cooked meat were determined by liquid chromatography with visible and fluorescence detectors. the results showed that in muscles cooked by boiling or baking mg c ...	2007	17386743
estimating the active metabolic rate (amr) in fish based on tail beat frequency (tbf) and body mass.	tail beat frequency (tbf) was measured for carp (cyprinus carpio) and roach (rutilus rutilus), during steady swimming at five different speeds and for fish of various body masses. a multiple stepwise linear regression analysis resulted in models for the prediction of tbfs depending on swimming speed as an independent variable. speed explained 72 and 86% of the variance in tbf for carp and roach, respectively. by using these data to predict tbf from speed and substituting values into a model from ...	2007	17366622
long-term investigations of radiocaesium activity concentrations in carp in north croatia after the chernobyl accident.	long-term investigations of radiocaesium activity concentrations in carp in the republic of croatia are presented. the radiocaesium levels in carp decreased exponentially and the effective ecological half-life of (137)cs was estimated to be about 1 year during 1987-2002 and 5 years during 1993-2005. the observed (134)cs:(137)cs activity ratio in carp was found to be similar to the ratio observed in other environmental samples. the concentration factor for carp (wet weight) was estimated to be 12 ...	2007	17343962
gene expression analysis of estrogenic compounds in the liver of common carp (cyprinus carpio) using a custom cdna microarray.	exposure to a variety of compounds with estrogenic activity has been shown to interfere with normal developmental and reproductive processes in various vertebrate species. the aim of this study was to determine the transcriptional profile of the natural estrogen, 17 beta-estradiol, and three synthetic estrogenic compounds (4-nonylphenol, bisphenol a, ethinylestradiol) in the liver of common carp, using a custom cdna microarray. for that purpose, fish were aqueously exposed to three concentration ...	2007	17912697
[mapping and genetic effect analysis of quantitative trait loci related to body size in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.)].	the common carp recombinant inbred lines (ril) derived from the cross barbless carp x hebao-cold tolerance red carp were used as experimental materials in this study. based on the linkage map constructed with simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers using this ril population, marker regression and complexity interval mapping were analyzed by windows map manager2.0 software. a p-value of 0.01 was the threshold value of single-marker. a linkage group-wide permutation test (1 000 replicates) determined ...	2007	17905715
clinical factors associated with long-term mortality following vascular surgery: outcomes from the coronary artery revascularization prophylaxis (carp) trial.	preoperative cardiac risks and clinical indications for vascular surgery are both important determinants of outcome following a vascular operation. using the nonrandomized cohort from the coronary artery revascularization prophylaxis (carp) trial, we analyzed the predictors of outcome based on the presenting vascular problem and prevalence of comorbid conditions and cardiac risks.	2007	17903649
field and laboratory investigations of the thermal influence on tissue-specific hsp70 levels in common carp (cyprinus carpio).	thermal discharge from power stations can affect normal environmental conditions and change in heat shock proteins expression of native fish with increasing temperature. in this study, we investigated levels of hsp70 in the heart, kidney, brain and gill of the common carp cyprinus carpio both in long-term heat discharge environment and after 24 h acute heat shock exposure. in laboratory exposure experiments, fish acclimated at 10 degrees c were exposed to various elevated temperatures (20, 24 an ...	2007	17900953
[determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) in biota using gc/ms method].	the aim of this study is to build a method of determining pbdes in biota, and to gain the optimum condition of preparation of samples, and the best condition of gas chromatography (gc) and mass spectrometer (ms). also, the requirements of quality, quantity and experimental condition were assessed. according to the validation of the quality control (qc), the results proved that the analytical method satisfied the requirements of the determination of pbdes in biota. the recoveries were between 50. ...	2007	17891975
vitellogenin assay by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay as a biomarker of endocrine disruptor chemicals pollution.	research is ongoing to develop screening and testing programmes for endocrine disrupting effects of new chemicals and in the focus of this development are the fish test species common carp (cyprinus carpio). in this study we have developed quantitative enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) for vts in common carp. the working range of the elisa was 11.25 to 2000 ng ml(-1) (75-25% specific binding/maximum antibody binding [b/b0]) with a 50% b/b0 intra- and interassay variation of 3.9% (n=10) ...	2007	19090107
structural and expression analyses of two vitellogenin genes in the carp, cyprinus carpio.	we cloned and sequenced two vitellogenin (vg) cdnas of the carp, cyprinus carpio, using a cdna library constructed from estradiol-17 beta (e2)-treated livers. one was a novel, longer 5000 bp-long cdna termed vg-b2 encoding 1624 amino acids in a single open reading frame. the other was a shorter cdna (vg-b1), identical to that registered previously as carp vg cdna in the international nucleotide sequence database. the deduced amino acid sequences of these two molecules were well-aligned with know ...	2007	17804271
electrochemical measurement of hydrogen peroxide in plasma: evaluation of freshwater prawn (macrobrachium rosenbergii) and crucian carp (cyprinus carpio) phagocytes under natural conditions.	an electrochemical technique for the real-time detection of hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) was employed to describe respiratory burst activity (rba) of phagocytes in plasma which can be used to evaluate the ability of immune system and disease resistance. the method is based upon the electric current changes, by redox reaction on platinum electrode of extracellular hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) released from phagocytes stimulated by the zymosan at 680 mv direct current (d.c.). compared with the control, ac ...	2007	17728150
mutation rate and pattern of microsatellites in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	microsatellites are popular molecular markers in genetic and evolutionary studies. their mutational dynamics have been extensively studied in humans and fruit flies, but few data were available in fish. by genotyping 55 individuals of a f1 pedigree, we investigated the mutation rates and patterns of 49 microsatellites in one of the most important fresh water fish species, the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). the overall mutation rate of the 49 loci was 5.56 x 10(-4)/locus/generation (95% confid ...	2007	16897452
copeptin, derived from isotocin precursor, is a probable prolactin releasing factor in carp.	control of prolactin (prl) release is of crucial importance for the multiple functions exerted by prl in vertebrates. recently identified hypothalamic prl-releasing peptides displayed additional neuromodulatory activities and in fish only few could be detected close to lactotrophs. here we describe the c-terminal peptide processed from the carp isotocin precursor as probable physiologically relevant regulator of prl release in carp. the amino acid sequence derived from the complete isotocin prec ...	2007	17084401
perturbation of cytochrome p450, generation of oxidative stress and induction of dna damage in cyprinus carpio exposed in situ to potable surface water.	epidemiological evidence suggests a link between consumption of chlorinated drinking water and various cancers. chlorination of water rich in organic chemicals produces carcinogenic organochlorine by-products (obps) such as trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids. since the discovery of the first obp in the 1970s, there have been several investigations designed to determine the biological effects of single chemicals or small artificial obp combinations. however, there is still insufficient informat ...	2007	17141554
enhanced bioaccumulation of cadmium in carp in the presence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles.	in this study adsorption of cd onto tio2 nanoparticles and natural sediment particles (sp) were studied and the facilitated transports of cd into carp by tio2 nanoparticles and sp were assessed by bioaccumulation tests exposing carp (cyprinus carpio) to cd contaminated water in the presence of tio2 and sp respectively. the results show that tio2 nanoparticles had a significantly stronger adsorption capacity for cd than sp. the presence of sp did not have significant influence on the accumulation ...	2007	17166554
evaluation of oxidative stress responses and neurotoxicity potential of diazinon in different tissues of cyprinus carpio.	toxicity of organophosphorus insecticides is mainly due to the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, but, oxidative stress may be involved in the toxicity of this pesticides. therefore, it was investigated whether diazinon, a commonly used organophosphate, may induce oxidative stress and cholinesterase inhibition in different tissues of cyprinus carpio. sublethal concentrations of diazinon (0.0036, 0.018 and 0.036ppb) were administired to c. carpio l. for 5, 15 and 30 days. the study was made by m ...	2007	21783736
how sublethal fenitrothion is toxic in carp (cyprinus carpio l.) fingerlings.	abstract the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of fenitrothion, an organophosphothionate insecticide, on selected serum hematological and biochemical parameters of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) fingerlings and investigate histopathological changes after acute dose of exposure. among those, cortisol and glucose are evaluated as responses of early life stages of carp to acute stress and hematological blood parameters are evaluated to investigate the mechanism of toxicity via histopatho ...	2007	20020876
stress-induced facilitation of the cortisol response in 17alpha-hydroxylase deficient xx mas-1/mas-1 carp (cyprinus carpio).	facilitation of the stress response results from a reduction of the inhibitory effects of circulating corticosteroids, allowing an animal to respond to a novel stressor. in this study, the existence of a facilitated cortisol stress response in normal (std) and 17alpha-hydroxylase deficient xx mas-1/mas-1 (e5) carp was investigated. e5 carp had previously been characterized as having a low cortisol response to stress. fish were subjected to either cortisol feeding or daily-acute stress, from 45 u ...	2007	17188688
gene structure and seasonal expression of carp fish prolactin short receptor isoforms.	the complex adaptive mechanisms that eurythermal fish have evolved in response to the seasonal changes of the environment include the transduction of the physical parameter variations into neuroendocrine signals. studies in carp (cyprinus carpio) have indicated that prolactin (prl) and growth hormone (gh) expression is associated with acclimatization, suggesting that the pituitary gland is a relevant physiological node in this adaptive process. also, the distinctive pattern of expression that ca ...	2007	17131379
acidification decouples gap junctions but enlarges the receptive field size of horizontal cells in carp retina.	the receptive field size of retinal horizontal cells is much larger than their dendritic field size due to gap junctional coupling between the same sub-types of cell. thus, horizontal cells form syncytia by electrical coupling. the basic receptive field profile of horizontal cells can be described by an exponential function based on measurement of responses to a slit of light moved tangentially from a recording electrode. the space constant of this exponential function is proportional to (g(s)/g ...	2007	17126439
modeling the pre- and post-synaptic components involved in the synaptic modification between cones and horizontal cells in carp retina.	in retinal synapses between cones and luminosity type horizontal cells (lhc), it was previously found in this laboratory that repetitive red flashes progressively strengthened the lhc's response to red flash, whereas weakened the lhc's response to green flash; repetitive green flash remarkably depressed the lhc's red response, but caused little changes in the cell's green response. however, the detailed mechanisms underlying these phenomena are not entirely clear. in the present study, based on ...	2007	17115217
oral and anal immunisation with alloantigen induces active cell-mediated cytotoxic responses in carp.		2007	17113308
contaminants in fish of the hackensack meadowlands, new jersey: size, sex, and seasonal relationships as related to health risks.	the trace metal content and related safety (health risk) of hackensack river fish were assessed within the hackensack meadowlands of new jersey, usa. eight elements were analyzed in the edible portion (i.e., muscle) of species commonly taken by anglers in the area. the white perch collection (morone americana) was large enough (n = 168) to enable statistically significant inferences, but there were too few brown bullheads and carp to reach definite conclusions. of the eight elements analyzed, th ...	2007	17106790
persistent sub-lethal chlorine exposure augments temperature induced immunosuppression in cyprinus carpio advanced fingerlings.	apart from increased temperature, thermal effluents discharged through cooling systems of nuclear power plants may often contain chlorine (used against bio-fouling), which may affect the immune status of fish. therefore, a 28-day trial was undertaken to delineate the effect of high temperature and a persistent sub-lethal chlorine exposure on immunomodulation in cyprinus carpio advanced fingerlings. fish were acclimated to four different temperatures (26, 31, 33 and 36 degrees c) and maintained f ...	2007	17046286
hypoxia tolerance in reptiles, amphibians, and fishes: life with variable oxygen availability.	the ability of fishes, amphibians, and reptiles to survive extremes of oxygen availability derives from a core triad of adaptations: profound metabolic suppression, tolerance of ionic and ph disturbances, and mechanisms for avoiding free-radical injury during reoxygenation. for long-term anoxic survival, enhanced storage of glycogen in critical tissues is also necessary. the diversity of body morphologies and habitats and the utilization of dormancy have resulted in a broad array of adaptations ...	2007	17037980
real-time gene expression analysis in carp (cyprinus carpio l.) skin: inflammatory responses to injury mimicking infection with ectoparasites.	we studied a predictive model of gene expression induced by mechanical injury of fish skin, to resolve the confounding effects on the immune system induced by injury and skin parasite-specific molecules. we applied real time quantitative pcr (rq-pcr) to measure the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines cxca, cxcb, interleukin (il)1-beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnfalpha), and the receptors il1r1, cxcr1 and cxcr2 in skin of cyprinus carpio after mechanical injury. we also studied the ...	2007	17034853
[helminth infections in the ponder carp farms in the ararat plain].	helminthosis infections in pond carp farms of the ararat plain have been studied: species composition of helminthes is recovered; main helmithoses are revealed; helminthological situation is estimated.	2007	15069883
impact of low dose of organophosphate, monocrotophos on the epithelial cells of gills of cyprinus carpio communis linn.--sem study.	the paper deals with the deleterious changes at ultrastructural level of the epithelial cells of gills of cyprinus carpio communis linn. upon exposure to 1/10th of lc50 of monocrotophos which is considered to be insignificant concentration from toxicological point of view. the gills of the fish are the primary corridor formolecularexchange between the internal milieu of a fish and its environment. gills perform numerous functions such as oxygen uptake and co2 excretion, osmoregulation, acid-basi ...	2007	18380092
myxobolus infections of common carp (cyprinus carpio) in syrian fish farms.	during a survey on myxobolus infection of pond-cultured common carp in syria three myxobolus spp. were found. myxobolus dispar infected the gill arteries, forming large elongated plasmodia in the gill filaments. the plasmodia of m basilamellaris were located in the gill arches at the base of the filaments. elongated filiform plasmodia of m. encephalicus were found in the blood vessels of the brain. despite the common occurrence of the above parasites, no disease symptoms were observed in the inf ...	2007	18277709
[genetic potential analysis of germany mirror carp (cyprinus carpio l.) using microsatellite markers].	using 30 microsatellite markers and combining quantity characters such as body weight, body size and body width, we evaluated the genetic potential of 3 germany mirror carp populations. number of effective alleles (ae), observed (ho) and expected (he) heterozygosity values and polymorphic information contents (pic) were all calculated. 287 alleles and 559 genotypes were detected. the dna fragment length was 109-400 bp. the hardy-weinberg equilibrium was checked and phenomenon of some disequilibr ...	2007	18065388
influence of fish on habitat choice of water birds: a whole system experiment.	it is notoriously difficult to study population interactions among highly mobile animals that cannot be meaningfully confined to experimental plots of limited size. for example, migratory water birds are believed to suffer from competition with resident fish populations for shared food resources. while observational evidence in support of this hypothesis is accumulating, replicated experiments addressing this issue at the proper spatial scale are lacking. here, we report from a replicated whole- ...	2007	18051660
an in vivo study of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) liver during prolonged hypoxia.	hypoxia induced apoptosis has been studied extensively in many mammalian cell lines but there are only a few studies using whole animal models. we investigated the response of the intact liver to hypoxia in a hypoxia tolerant fish, the carp (cyprinus carpio, l). we exposed carp to hypoxia for up to 42 days, using oxygen level (0.5 mgo(2)/l) that were slightly higher than the critical oxygen level of carp. there was extensive dna damage in liver cells, especially during the first week of exposure ...	2007	20483301
microsatellite dna marker analysis of genetic diversity in wild common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) populations.	thirty microsatellite loci were used for analyzing six wild populations of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). observed (h(o)) and expected (h(e)) heterozygosity values, polymorphic information content (pic), and number of effective alleles (a(e)) were all detected. genetic similarity index and genetic distance were computed based on the allele frequency. the hardy-weinberg equilibrium was checked according to the test of chi2. genetic differentiation and hierarchical partition of genetic diversit ...	2007	18037135
routine turning maneuvers of koi carp cyprinus carpio koi: effects of turning rate on kinematics and hydrodynamics.	spontaneous swimming behaviors of koi carp cyprinus carpio koi were recorded using a video tracking system. routine single-beat turns were selected from the recorded image sequences for kinematic and hydrodynamic analysis. as with c-starts, the turns can be divided into two stages (stage 1 and stage 2), based on kinematics. stage 1 involves a bend to one side forming a c-shaped curve in the body, while stage 2 corresponds to the return flip of the body and tail. the turning angle in stage 1 acco ...	2007	18055627
biochemical and histochemical effects of perorally applied endotoxin on intestinal mucin glycoproteins of the common carp cyprinus carpio.	mucins are high molecular weight glycoproteins produced by goblet cells and secreted on mucosal surfaces. we investigated biochemical and histochemical properties of intestinal mucins of virus- and parasite-free common carp cyprinus carpio in response to a single peroral application of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide = lps). intracellular mucins were quantified histochemically by their carbohydrate content and characterized by specific, lectin-based methods. in addition, secreted epithelial (intra ...	2007	17933394
depolarization of isolated horizontal cells of fish acidifies their immediate surrounding by activating v-atpase.	in order to interpret the formation of receptive field surrounds in retinal neurons, a proton-mediated mechanism was proposed to mediate feedback from horizontal cells (hcs) to cone photoreceptors. to verify the idea that depolarized hcs release protons, we measured, by a fluorescence ratiometric technique, the ph of the immediate external surface (phs) of hcs isolated from the carp or goldfish retina. when hcs stained by 5-hexadecanoylaminofluorescein, a ph-sensitive lipophilicdye, were depolar ...	2007	17932147
effects of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate on hemoglobin content and oxygen consumption of freshwater fish, cyprinus carpio (linnaeus).	lethal effects of nitrogenous compounds ammonia, nitrite and nitrate on freshwater fish cyprinus carpio were studied and the static lc50 values obtained for these 3 toxicants for 24 hr were 0.80 ppb, 171.36 ppm; 1075.10 ppm and continuous flowthrough lc50 values for 24 hr were 0.72 ppb, 154.31 ppm; 967.63 ppm respectively. the fish were exposed to lethal concentrations to study the changes in hematological parameters and the rate of oxygen consumption. during the period of exposure general decli ...	2007	17717984
action of ascorbic acid on a myosin molecule derived from carp.	the influence of l-ascorbic acid at 40 degrees c incubation on the subfragment-1 and rod regions, prepared by chymotryptic digestion of myosin, and myosin was investigated by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transmission electron microscopy respectively. it was observed that l-ascorbic acid acted more readily on the subfragment-1 region of myosin. further, circular dichroism measurement indicated that l-ascorbic acid did not affect the structure of myosin. these results suggest that l- ...	2007	17690444
a progestin and an estrogen regulate early stages of oogenesis in fish.	using two species of teleost fish, japanese huchen (hucho perryi) and common carp (cyprinus carpio), we investigated whether sex steroids are involved in early oogenesis in vitro. ovarian fragments were cultured to examine the effects of a progestin, 17alpha, 20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (dhp), and an estrogen, estradiol-17 beta (e2). dhp and e2 significantly promoted dna synthesis in ovarian germ cells, as judged by 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (brdu) incorporation into these cells. furthermore, ...	2007	17687117
microbiological quality of fish grown in wastewater-fed and non-wastewater-fed fishponds in hanoi, vietnam: influence of hygiene practices in local retail markets.	mean water quality in two wastewater-fed ponds and one non-wastewater-fed pond in hanoi, vietnam was approximately 10(6) and approximately 10(4) presumptive thermotolerant coliforms (pthc) per 100 ml, respectively. fish (common carp, silver carp and nile tilapia) grown in these ponds were sampled at harvest and in local retail markets. bacteriological examination of the fish sampled at harvest from both types of pond showed that they were of very good quality (2 - 3 pthc g(-1) fresh muscle weigh ...	2007	17674570
the effect of food rations on tissue-specific copper accumulation patterns of sublethal waterborne exposure in cyprinus carpio.	common carp (cyprinus carpio) were fed to two different food rations, 0.5% body weight (low ration [lr]) and 5% body weight (high ration [hr]), and were exposed to sublethal (1 microm) copper levels for 28 d in softened antwerp (belgium) city tap water (ca2+, 79.3 mg/l; mg2+, 7.4 mg/l; na+, 27.8 mg/l; ph 7.5-8.0). copper accumulations in the liver, gills, kidney, anterior intestine, posterior intestine, and muscle were determined. copper accumulation in the gills, liver, and kidney of lr fish wa ...	2007	17665693
[analysis of genetic diversity among silver carp populations in the middle and lower yangtse river using thirty microsatellite markers].	thirty microsatellite markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of five silver carp populations in the middle and lower reaches of the yangtze river. a total of 144 different alleles were found and the number of alleles in each locus ranged from 1 to 10. twenty-five loci (83.33%) were polymorphic. in the five populations, the average number of alleles was 4.0 to 4.1, the number of mean valid alleles was 2.4445 to 2.6332, the value of average observed and expected heterozygosity ranged f ...	2007	17650488
debromination of polybrominated diphenyl ether-99 (bde-99) in carp (cyprinus carpio) microflora and microsomes.	based on previous findings in dietary studies with carp (cyprinus carpio), we investigated the mechanism of 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (bde-99) debromination to 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (bde-47) using liver and intestinal components. in vitro aerobic and anaerobic experiments tested the ability of carp intestinal microflora to debrominate bde-99. no debromination of bde-99 to bde-47 was observed in microfloral samples; therefore, carp enzymatic pathways were assessed for debr ...	2007	17640709