Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| modified pehps medium as an alternative for the in vitro culture of giardia lamblia. | commercial culture media present interlot variations in biological activity. we have previously designed a homemade and economic culture medium, pehps medium, for the axenic cultivation of entamoeba histolytica and trichomonas vaginalis. trophozoites of amoebae and trichomonads grow well in this medium. furthermore, the medium is stable for several months when stored frozen or refrigerated. the objective of this work was to modify pehps medium to support the in vitro growth of giardia lamblia. i ... | 2014 | 24982905 |
| evaluation of the effect of miltefosine on trichomonas vaginalis. | trichomonas vaginalis causes trichomoniasis in humans, a sexually transmitted disease commonly treated with metronidazole (mtz). mtz is known to cause undesirable side effects, and mtz-resistant parasites have been reported. thus, the development of an alternative treatment is desirable. miltefosine (mlt) is an alkylphosphocholine synthetic lipid analogue that displays antiparasitic activity against leishmania, trypanosoma cruzi, entamoeba histolytica, acanthamoeba spp., giardia lamblia, t. vagi ... | 2014 | 24363204 |
| performance of the affirm vp-iii using residual vaginal discharge collected from the speculum to characterize vaginitis in symptomatic women. | to evaluate the ability of collecting the affirm vp-iii test sample using the residual vaginal discharge found on the speculum. | 2014 | 24832170 |
| trichomonas, candida, and gardnerella in cervical smears of iranian women for cancer screening. | trichomonas vaginalis, gardrenella vaginalis, and candida sp are responsible for 90% of vaginitis which has been reported as important risk factors for cervical cancer. | 2014 | 24678473 |
| eswab as an optional collection device for use with the affirm vpiii microbial test system. | the eswab collection device was compared to the collection swab provided as part of the affirm vpiii microbial identification test kit for testing vaginal specimens with the affirm test system. there was excellent agreement between the two sampling devices for candida spp., gardnerella vaginalis, and trichomonas vaginalis. | 2014 | 24523475 |
| prevalence of the genital tract bacterial infections after vaginal reconstructive surgery. | due to frequent childbirth, heavy lifting and the structure of the lives of rural women in shahrekord region, iran, cystocele and rectocele are of the main medical problems of the women in this area and for its correction, vaginal reconstructive surgery is needed which causes infection. the purpose of this study was to identify the bacteria causing infection after vaginal reconstructive surgery and performing antibiogram to help these patients for faster recovery. patients enrolled this study we ... | 2014 | 26031026 |
| expression and characterization of a β-fructofuranosidase from the parasitic protist trichomonas vaginalis. | trichomonas vaginalis, a flagellated protozoan, is the agent responsible for trichomoniasis, the most common nonviral sexually transmitted infection worldwide. a reported 200 million cases are documented each year with far more cases going unreported. however, t. vaginalis is disproportionality under studied, especially considering its basic metabolism. it has been reported that t. vaginalis does not grow on sucrose. nevertheless, the t. vaginalis genome contains some 11 putative sucrose transpo ... | 2014 | 24972630 |
| an emerging mycoplasma associated with trichomoniasis, vaginal infection and disease. | humans are colonized by thousands of bacterial species, but it is difficult to assess the metabolic and pathogenic potential of the majority of these because they have yet to be cultured. here, we characterize an uncultivated vaginal mycoplasma tightly associated with trichomoniasis that was previously known by its 16s rrna sequence as "mnola." in this study, the mycoplasma was found almost exclusively in women infected with the sexually transmitted pathogen trichomonas vaginalis, but rarely obs ... | 2014 | 25337710 |
| high prevalence and incidence of sexually transmitted infections among women living in kwazulu-natal, south africa. | sexually transmitted infections (stis) contribute largely to the burden of health in south africa and are recognized as major contributors to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) epidemic. young women are particularly vulnerable to stis. the purpose of this secondary analysis was to examine the risk factors associated with prevalent and incident stis among women who had participated in three clinical trials. | 2014 | 25243015 |
| epidemiology of curable sexually transmitted infections among women at increased risk for hiv in northwestern tanzania: inadequacy of syndromic management. | curable, non-viral pathogens account for a significant burden of sexually transmitted infections (stis), and there is established evidence that stis increase both hiv acquisition and transmission. we investigated the prevalence, trends, and factors associated with chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, trichomonas vaginalis and treponema pallidum, and the performance of syndromic management, among a cohort of women working in bars, hotels, and other food and recreational facilities near l ... | 2014 | 25025338 |
| sensitive simultaneous detection of seven sexually transmitted agents in semen by multiplex-pcr and of hpv by single pcr. | sexually transmitted diseases (stds) may impair sperm parameters and functions thereby promoting male infertility. to date limited molecular studies were conducted to evaluate the frequency and type of such infections in semen thus, we aimed at conceiving and validating a multiplex pcr (m-pcr) assay for the simultaneous detection of the following std pathogens in semen: chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, mycoplasma genitalium, trichomonas vaginalis, herpes virus simplex (hsv) -1 and - ... | 2014 | 24921247 |
| performance and comparison of self-reported sti symptoms among high-risk populations - msm, sex workers, persons living with hiv/aids - in el salvador. | resource-limited countries have limited laboratory capability and rely on syndromic management to diagnose sexually transmitted infections (stis). we aimed to estimate the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value (ppv) of sti syndromic management when used as a screening method within a study setting. men who have sex with men (msm), female sex workers (fsws) and people living with hiv/aids (plwha) participated in a behavioural surveillance study. data were obtained on demographics ... | 2014 | 24616119 |
| trichomonas vaginalis incidence associated with hormonal contraceptive use and hiv infection among women in rakai, uganda. | background. data on the incidence of trichomonas vaginalis and use of hormonal contraception (hc) are limited. methods. 2,374 sexually active women aged 15-49 years from cohort surveys in rakai, uganda, were included. incidence of t. vaginalis was estimated per 100 person years (py) and association between hc (dmpa, norplant, and oral contraceptives) and t. vaginalis infection was assessed by incidence rate ratios (irr), using poisson regression models. results. at baseline, 34.9% had used hc in ... | 2014 | 26316977 |
| point of care diagnostics for sexually transmitted infections: perspectives and advances. | accurate and inexpensive point-of-care (poc) tests are urgently needed to control sexually transmitted infection epidemics, so that patients can receive immediate diagnoses and treatment. current poc assays for chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae perform inadequately and require better assays. diagnostics for trichomonas vaginalis rely on wet preparation, with some notable advances. serological poc assays for syphilis can impact resource-poor settings, with many assays available, but ... | 2014 | 24484215 |
| three-dimensional structure of a protozoal double-stranded rna virus that infects the enteric pathogen giardia lamblia. | giardia lamblia virus (glv) is a small, nonenveloped, nonsegmented double-stranded rna (dsrna) virus infecting giardia lamblia, the most common protozoan pathogen of the human intestine and a major agent of waterborne diarrheal disease worldwide. glv (genus giardiavirus) is a member of family totiviridae, along with several other groups of protozoal or fungal viruses, including leishmania rna viruses and trichomonas vaginalis viruses. interestingly, glv is more closely related than other totivir ... | 2014 | 25378500 |
| in silico single strand melting curve: a new approach to identify nucleic acid polymorphisms in totiviridae. | the pcr technique and its variations have been increasingly used in the clinical laboratory and recent advances in this field generated new higher resolution techniques based on nucleic acid denaturation dynamics. the principle of these new molecular tools is based on the comparison of melting profiles, after denaturation of a dna double strand. until now, the secondary structure of single-stranded nucleic acids has not been exploited to develop identification systems based on pcr. to test the p ... | 2014 | 25030031 |
| α -actinin tvactn3 of trichomonas vaginalis is an rna-binding protein that could participate in its posttranscriptional iron regulatory mechanism. | trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted flagellated protist parasite responsible for trichomoniasis. this parasite is dependent on high levels of iron, favoring its growth and multiplication. iron also differentially regulates some trichomonad virulence properties by unknown mechanisms. however, there is evidence to support the existence of gene regulatory mechanisms at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels that are mediated by iron concentration in t. vaginalis. thus, the g ... | 2014 | 24719864 |
| bead-based multiplex sexually transmitted infection profiling. | sexually transmitted infections are a significant cause of genital disease, infertility and hospital admissions. the economic impact is high. an accurate diagnosis is often difficult and time consuming. we report the development and validation of a novel bead-based multiplex sexually transmitted infection profiling (stip) assay that detects 18 sexually transmitted infections using a multiplex pcr followed by luminex bead-based hybridisation. | 2014 | 24814157 |
| antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties of wines and winery byproducts in relation to their flavonoid content. | grapes produce organic compounds that may be involved in the defense of the plants against invading phytopathogens. these metabolites include numerous phenolic compounds that are also active against human pathogens. grapes are used to produce a variety of wines, grape juices, and raisins. grape pomace, seeds, and skins, the remains of the grapes that are a byproduct of winemaking, also contain numerous bioactive compounds that differ from those found in grapes and wines. this overview surveys an ... | 2014 | 24945318 |
| highly divergent mitochondrion-related organelles in anaerobic parasitic protozoa. | the mitochondria have arisen as a consequence of endosymbiosis of an ancestral α-proteobacterium with a methane-producing archae. the main function of the canonical aerobic mitochondria include atp generation via oxidative phosphorylation, heme and phospholipid synthesis, calcium homeostasis, programmed cell death, and the formation of iron-sulfur clusters. under oxygen-restricted conditions, the mitochondrion has often undergone remarkable reductive alterations of its content and function, lead ... | 2014 | 24316280 |
| development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection of trichomonas vaginalis. | a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay targeting the 2-kbp repeated dna species-specific sequence was developed for detection of trichomonas vaginalis, the causative agent of trichomoniasis. the analytical sensitivity and specificity of the lamp assay were evaluated using pooled genital swab and urine specimens, respectively, spiked with t. vaginalis trophozoites. genital secretion and urine did not inhibit the detection of the parasite. the sensitivity of the lamp was 10-1000 tim ... | 2014 | 24792836 |
| vaginal infections among pregnant women at omdurman maternity hospital in khartoum, sudan. | microbial infections of the vagina in pregnant women are health problems that lead to serious medical complications and consequences. this study aimed to investigate and determine antimicrobial susceptibilities of the causative agents of vaginal infections in pregnant women. | 2014 | 24727516 |
| population-based cervical screening outcomes in turkey over a period of approximately nine and a half years with emphasis on results for women aged 30-34. | to appraise the frequency of cervical cytological abnormalities in a population at normal risk via analysing the archive records of cytology for the period of approximately 9,5 years, comparing them with patient demographic charecteristics, and discuss the results for women under age of 35. | 2014 | 24716936 |
| etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogens responsible for urethral discharge among men in harare, zimbabwe. | periodic etiological surveillance of sexually transmitted infection (sti) syndromes is required to validate treatment algorithms used to control stis. however, such surveys have not been performed in zimbabwe over the past decade. | 2014 | 25581806 |
| male infertility: a public health issue caused by sexually transmitted pathogens. | sexually transmitted diseases (stds) are caused by several pathogens, including bacteria, viruses and protozoa, and can induce male infertility through multiple pathophysiological mechanisms. additionally, horizontal transmission of std pathogens to sexual partners or vertical transmission to fetuses and neonates is possible. chlamydia trachomatis, ureaplasma spp., human papillomavirus, hepatitis b and hepatitis c viruses, hiv-1 and human cytomegalovirus have all been detected in semen from symp ... | 2014 | 25330794 |
| impact of public housing relocations: are changes in neighborhood conditions related to stis among relocaters? | cross-sectional and ecologic studies suggest that place characteristics influence sexual behaviors and sexually transmitted infections (stis). using data from a predominately substance-misusing cohort of african american adults relocating from us public housing complexes, this multilevel longitudinal study tested the hypothesis that participants who experienced greater postrelocation improvements in neighborhood conditions (i.e., socioeconomic disadvantage, social disorder, sti prevalence, and m ... | 2014 | 25211249 |
| epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections in rural southwestern haiti: the grand'anse women's health study. | the study attempts to define socioeconomic, clinical, and laboratory correlates in vaginitis and other sexually transmitted infections in rural southwestern haiti. a convenience sample of subjects recruited from a rural women's health clinic and attending an established clinic at the haitian health foundation (hhf) clinic was studied. a standardized history and physical examination, including speculum examination, and collection of blood, urine, and vaginal swabs were obtained from the women at ... | 2014 | 25200263 |
| comparative evaluation of roche aurora flow, becton and dickinson viper system, and dynex ds2 for detection of chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and trichomonas vaginalis in various clinical specimens. | the purpose of this study is to introduce a high-throughput system, aurora flow, for the simultaneous detection of 3 clinically relevant pathogens of sexually transmitted infections. comparative evaluation with other systems revealed an overall concordance of 97.9% for chlamydia trachomatis and comparable performance for neisseria gonorrhoeae and trichomonas vaginalis. | 2014 | 25172824 |
| defining genital tract cytokine signatures of sexually transmitted infections and bacterial vaginosis in women at high risk of hiv infection: a cross-sectional study. | sexually transmitted infections (sti) and bacterial vaginosis (bv) cause female genital tract inflammation. this inflammation, which is often present in the absence of symptoms, is associated with increased susceptibility to hiv infection. we aimed to evaluate genital cytokine profiles and the degree of inflammation associated with common stis and bv. | 2014 | 25107710 |
| detection of infectious organisms in archival prostate cancer tissues. | seroepidemiological studies have reported associations between exposure to sexually transmitted organisms and prostate cancer risk. this study sought dna evidence of candidate organisms in archival prostate cancer tissues with the aim of assessing if a subset of these cancers show any association with common genital infections. | 2014 | 25106851 |
| sexually transmitted infections in women. | sexually transmitted infections (stis) are highly prevalent and cause a wide spectrum of disease. however, the majority of these infections may be unrecognized due to lack of overt signs or symptoms of infection. asymptomatic infections remain significant as a result of the potential for long-term sequelae, predominately in women, and the risks of complications during pregnancy as well as mother-to-child transmission. laboratory diagnostics play an important role in identifying infection and in ... | 2014 | 25083897 |
| sexually transmitted infections and prostate cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | prostate cancer (pc) is the second most incident cancer and the sixth cause of death by cancer in men worldwide. despite extensive research efforts, no modifiable risk factors have been consistently identified for pc risk. a number of studies have focused on possible relationships between sexually transmitted infections (stis) and pc. we performed a meta-analysis to explore the association between infection caused by neisseria gonorrheae, treponema pallidum, chlamydia trachomatis, trichomonas va ... | 2014 | 24986642 |
| structural and thermodynamic folding characterization of triosephosphate isomerases from trichomonas vaginalis reveals the role of destabilizing mutations following gene duplication. | we report the structures and thermodynamic analysis of the unfolding of two triosephosphate isomerases (tvtim1 and tvtim2) from trichomonas vaginalis. both isoforms differ by the character of four amino acids: e/q 18, i/v 24, i/v 45, and p/a 239. despite the high sequence and structural similarities between both isoforms, they display substantial differences in their stabilities. tvtim1 (e18, i24, i45, and p239) is more stable and less dissociable than tvtim2 (q18, v24, v45, and a239). we postul ... | 2014 | 23733417 |
| current status and prospects for development of a vaccine against trichomonas vaginalis infections. | trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted pathogen with an annual worldwide incidence of over 276 million infections, the highest of all curable and non-viral sti. a large proportion of cases are asymptomatic and under-diagnosed with conventional diagnostic tools. infection has important maternal and fetal health consequences and can lead to a higher probability of hiv transmission and susceptibility. lack of affordable accurate diagnostic tests globally and metronidazole resistance hinder ... | 2014 | 23916988 |
| adaptive responses to glucose restriction enhance cell survival, antioxidant capability, and autophagy of the protozoan parasite trichomonas vaginalis. | to establish an infection in the vagina, trichomonas vaginalis must adapt to various environmental cues for survival and further replication. nutrient competition by lactobacilli, the major normal vaginal flora, is one of the mechanisms to limit the growth of other microorganisms. additionally, lactobacilli produce h2o2 that can reduce the genital infections caused by other pathogens. thus, the ability to overcome the metabolic stresses, such as glucose restriction (gr), as well as the oxidative ... | 2014 | 23958562 |
| point: new trichs for "old" dogs: prospects for expansion of trichomonas vaginalis screening. | 2014 | 24043491 | |
| trichomonas vaginalis flavin reductase 1 and its role in metronidazole resistance. | the enzyme flavin reductase 1 (fr1) from trichomonas vaginalis, formerly known as nadph oxidase, was isolated and identified. flavin reductase is part of the antioxidative defence in t. vaginalis and indirectly reduces molecular oxygen to hydrogen peroxide via free flavins. importantly, a reduced or absent flavin reductase activity has been reported in metronidazole-resistant t. vaginalis, resulting in elevated intracellular oxygen levels and futile cycling of metronidazole. interestingly, fr1 h ... | 2014 | 24256032 |
| prevalence of trichomoniasis, vaginal candidiasis, genital herpes, chlamydiasis, and actinomycosis among urban and rural women of haryana, india. | despite being curable reproductive tract infections (rtis) including sexually transmitted infections continue to be a major health problem in developing countries. the present study was undertaken to know the prevalence of trichomoniasis, vaginal candidiasis, genital herpes, chlamydiasis, and actinomycosis in rural and urban women of haryana by using wet mount, pap smear, and fluorescent microscopic examination. patients suspected of suffering from bacterial vaginosis were given treatment and we ... | 2014 | 26316979 |
| inflammatory response of prostate epithelial cells to stimulation by trichomonas vaginalis. | trichomonas vaginalis is known as the most common cause of sexually transmitted infection. however, its prevalence may have been underestimated. trichomonads are detected in prostatic tissue in benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatitis, and prostate cancer. our objective was to investigate whether t. vaginalis could induce an inflammatory response in prostate epithelium. | 2014 | 24339030 |
| detection of trichomonas vaginalis dna by use of self-obtained vaginal swabs with the bd probetec qx assay on the bd viper system. | trichomonas vaginalis is the most prevalent nonviral sexually transmitted infection worldwide, and improved diagnostic methods are critical for controlling this pathogen. diagnostic assays that can be used in conjunction with routine chlamydia/gonorrhea nucleic acid-based screening are likely to have the most impact on disease control. here we describe the performance of the new bd t. vaginalis qx (tvq) amplified dna assay, which can be performed on the automated bd viper system. we focus on dat ... | 2014 | 24391200 |
| identification of proton-pump inhibitor drugs that inhibit trichomonas vaginalis uridine nucleoside ribohydrolase. | trichomonas vaginalis continues to be a major health problem with drug-resistant strains increasing in prevalence. novel antitrichomonal agents that are mechanistically distinct from current therapies are needed. the nih clinical compound collection was screened to find inhibitors of the uridine ribohydrolase enzyme required by the parasite to scavenge uracil for its growth. the proton-pump inhibitors omeprazole, pantoprazole, and rabeprazole were identified as inhibitors of this enzyme, with ic ... | 2014 | 24468412 |
| trichomonas vaginalis homolog of macrophage migration inhibitory factor induces prostate cell growth, invasiveness, and inflammatory responses. | the human-infective parasite trichomonas vaginalis causes the most prevalent nonviral sexually transmitted infection worldwide. infections in men may result in colonization of the prostate and are correlated with increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer. we have found that t. vaginalis secretes a protein, t. vaginalis macrophage migration inhibitory factor (tvmif), that is 47% similar to human macrophage migration inhibitory factor (humif), a proinflammatory cytokine. because humif is report ... | 2014 | 24843155 |
| the tc1/mariner transposable element family shapes genetic variation and gene expression in the protist trichomonas vaginalis. | trichomonas vaginalis is the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted parasite. although the protist is presumed to reproduce asexually, 60% of its haploid genome contains transposable elements (tes), known contributors to genome variability. the availability of a draft genome sequence and our collection of >200 global isolates of t. vaginalis facilitate the study and analysis of te population dynamics and their contribution to genomic variability in this protist. | 2014 | 24834134 |
| added benefit of nucleic acid amplification testing for the diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis among men and women attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic. | trichomonas vaginalis (tv) is the most common nonviral sexually transmitted infection (sti) in the world. however, tv is not a reportable sti and, with the exception of hiv-positive women, there are no guidelines for screening in women or men. the objective of this study was to determine the added value of nucleic acid amplification tests (naats) for detection of tv in men and women at high risk for infection as well as correlates of infection. | 2014 | 24928292 |
| editorial commentary: trichomonas vaginalis testing and screening in a high-risk population: is this a glimpse into the future? | 2014 | 24928287 | |
| a recently transferred cluster of bacterial genes in trichomonas vaginalis--lateral gene transfer and the fate of acquired genes. | lateral gene transfer (lgt) has recently gained recognition as an important contributor to some eukaryote proteomes, but the mechanisms of acquisition and fixation in eukaryotic genomes are still uncertain. a previously defined norm for lgts in microbial eukaryotes states that the majority are genes involved in metabolism, the lgts are typically localized one by one, surrounded by vertically inherited genes on the chromosome, and phylogenetics shows that a broad collection of bacterial lineages ... | 2014 | 24898731 |
| anti-trichomonas vaginalis activity from triterpenoid derivatives. | trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated parasite that causes trichomonosis, the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease (std) in the world. worryingly, trichomonosis is associated to increased transmission of hiv. due to high frequency of the infection during pregnancy and the development of metronidazole-resistant isolates, therapeutic alternatives to 5-nitroimidazole are being searched. triterpenes are natural products presenting several biological activities such as anti-protozoal a ... | 2014 | 24880238 |
| trichomonas vaginalis: common, curable and in the diagnostic spotlight. | 2014 | 24669448 | |
| novel functions of an iron-sulfur flavoprotein from trichomonas vaginalis hydrogenosomes. | iron-sulfur flavoproteins (isf) are flavin mononucleotide (fmn)- and fes cluster-containing proteins commonly encountered in anaerobic prokaryotes. however, with the exception of isf from methanosarcina thermophila, which participates in oxidative stress management by removing oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, none of these proteins has been characterized in terms of function. trichomonas vaginalis, a sexually transmitted eukaryotic parasite of humans, was found to express several iron-sulfur flavop ... | 2014 | 24663020 |
| in vitro efficacy of curcumin on trichomonas vaginalis. | trichomonosis, the disease caused by the protozoan parasite trichomonas vaginalis, is the most common curable sexually transmitted disease with 174 million cases per year worldwide. the emerging resistance against the current standard therapy with metronidazole is pushing the search for alternative drugs. the purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of curcumin, a derivate of curcuma longa, on t. vaginalis. the effective concentrations (ecs) were evaluated using three strains of t. va ... | 2014 | 24619489 |
| united kingdom national guideline on the management of trichomonas vaginalis 2014. | the main objective is to assist practitioners in managing men and women diagnosed withtrichomonas vaginalis(tv) infection. this guideline offers recommendations on the diagnostic tests, treatment regimens and health promotion principles needed for the effective management of tv, covering the management of the initial presentation, as well as how to prevent transmission and future infection. | 2014 | 24616117 |
| diagnosis of trichomonous vaginalis by microscopy, latex agglutination, diamond's media, and pcr in symptomatic women, khartoum, sudan. | trichomoniasis is the most common sexually transmitted disease. however, limited data are available on an effective technique for the diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis. | 2014 | 24602349 |
| persistent and recurrent trichomonas vaginalis infections: epidemiology, treatment and management considerations. | trichomonas vaginalis (tv) is a common sexually transmitted infection that can cause vaginitis, cervicitis and urethritis. persistent and recurrent tv infections are frequent in women, potentially due to the lack of routine screening recommendations for this pathogen, the chronic nature of some infections, and drug resistance. metronidazole and tinidazole are two oral drugs that are effective against trichomoniasis. there are few alternative treatment options for persons with a metronidazole all ... | 2014 | 24555561 |
| trichomonas vaginalis metronidazole resistance is associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms in the nitroreductase genes ntr4tv and ntr6tv. | metronidazole resistance in the sexually transmitted parasite trichomonas vaginalis is a problematic public health issue. we have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in two nitroreductase genes (ntr4tv and ntr6tv) associated with resistance. these snps were associated with one of two distinct t. vaginalis populations identified by multilocus sequence typing, yet one snp (ntr6tv a238t), which results in a premature stop codon, was associated with resistance independent of population ... | 2014 | 24550324 |
| regulation of nuclear translocation of the myb1 transcription factor by tvcyclophilin 1 in the protozoan parasite trichomonas vaginalis. | in trichomonas vaginalis, a myb1 protein was previously demonstrated to repress transcription of an iron-inducible ap65-1 gene. in this study, a human cyclophilin a homologue, tvcyclophilin 1 (tvcyp1), was identified as a myb1-binding protein using a bacterial two-hybrid library screening system. the recombinant tvcyp1 exhibited typical peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity with kcat/km of ∼7.1 μm(-1) s(-1). in a pulldown assay, the his-tagged myb1 interacted with a gst-tvcyp1 fusion protein, which ... | 2014 | 24831011 |
| response letter to v tittle et al. – is test of cure necessary in all cases of trichomonas vaginalis? | 2014 | 24829048 | |
| cost-effectiveness analysis of annual trichomonas vaginalis screening and treatment in hiv-positive women to prevent hiv transmission. | because of a high incidence of trichomonas infection among hiv-positive women, annual screening and treatment are recommended. trichomonas infection is associated with a 2-fold risk of hiv transmission. the objective of this study was to determine if annual screening is cost-effective for the prevention of new hiv cases in susceptible male partners secondary to trichomonas infection in hiv-positive women. | 2014 | 24827616 |
| trichomonas vaginalis as a cause of perinatal morbidity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | trichomonas vaginalis is the most common curable sexually transmissible infection worldwide, with high rates in women of reproductive age. there have been inconsistent findings about the impact of infection and its treatment in pregnancy. we conducted a meta-analysis to determine the association between t. vaginalis and perinatal outcomes. electronic databases were searched to may 2013. included studies reported perinatal outcomes in women infected and uninfected with t. vaginalis. meta-analysis ... | 2014 | 24825333 |
| neglected parasitic infections in the united states: trichomoniasis. | trichomonas vaginalis is one of the most common human parasitic infections in the united states, as well as the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infection. however, it has long received much less consideration than other parasitic and sexually transmitted diseases. much of this inattention can be attributed to a poor understanding of the public health impact of trichomoniasis. increasing recognition of the sequelae of infection, including increased risk of infection with human immun ... | 2014 | 24808247 |
| the effect of 3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-3-hydoxyquinuclidine (bpq-oh) and metronidazole on trichomonas vaginalis: a comparative study. | trichomonas vaginalis causes trichomoniasis in humans, a sexually transmitted disease commonly treated with metronidazole (mtz), a drug that presents some toxicity, causing undesirable side effects. in addition, an increase in metronidazole-resistant parasites has been reported. thus, the development of alternative treatment is recommended. to date, the search for antiparasitic drugs has been based on different approaches: identification of active natural products, identification of parasite tar ... | 2014 | 24752367 |
| novel metronidazole-chalcone conjugates with potential to counter drug resistance in trichomonas vaginalis. | trichomoniasis is the most prevalent, curable sexually transmitted disease (std), which increases risk of viral stds and hiv. however, drug resistance has been developed by some strains of trichomonas vaginalis against metronidazole (mtz), the fda approved drug against trichomoniasis. in the present study twenty two chalcone hybrids of metronidazole have been synthesized in a quest to get new molecules with higher potential against metronidazole-resistant t. vaginalis. all new hybrid molecules w ... | 2014 | 24727243 |
| biological roles of cysteine proteinases in the pathogenesis of trichomonas vaginalis. | human trichomonosis, infection with trichomonas vaginalis, is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease in the world. the host-parasite interaction and pathophysiological processes of trichomonosis remain incompletely understood. this review focuses on the advancements reached in the area of the pathogenesis of t. vaginalis, especially in the role of the cysteine proteinases. it highlights various approaches made in this field and lists a group of trichomonad cysteine proteinases in ... | 2014 | 25348828 |
| phylogenomic study indicates widespread lateral gene transfer in entamoeba and suggests a past intimate relationship with parabasalids. | lateral gene transfer (lgt) has impacted the evolutionary history of eukaryotes, though to a lesser extent than in bacteria and archaea. detecting lgt and distinguishing it from single gene tree artifacts is difficult, particularly when considering very ancient events (i.e., over hundreds of millions of years). here, we use two independent lines of evidence--a taxon-rich phylogenetic approach and an assessment of the patterns of gene presence/absence--to evaluate the extent of lgt in the parasit ... | 2014 | 25146649 |
| a sequential procedure for rapid and accurate identification of putative trichomonacidal agents. | in the current report, a sequential step-wise methodology based on in silico, in vitro and in vivo experimental procedures for the prompt detection of potential trichomonacidal drugs is proposed. a combinatorial of 12 qsar (quantitative structure-activity relationship) models based on linear discrimination analysis (lda) are suggested for the rational identification of new trichomonacidal drugs from virtual screening of in house chemical libraries and drug databases. subsequently, compounds sele ... | 2014 | 25107376 |
| trichomonas vaginalis: unusual presentation with ulcerative lesions. | 2014 | 25070617 | |
| chemical composition of essential oil and anti trichomonas activity of leaf, stem, and flower of rheum ribes l. extracts. | trichomoniasis is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in humans and is caused by the protozoan trichomonas vaginalis. nowadays, increasing resistance to drugs such as metronidazole resulted in many problem, so new effective remedies are needed. in this study, we evaluate constituents of essential oil and anti-trichomonas activity of rheum ribes. | 2014 | 25050317 |
| whole slide imaging of pap cell block preparations versus liquid-based thin-layer cervical cytology: a comparative study evaluating the detection of organisms and nonneoplastic findings. | cervical cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, yet it is preventable by population screening. in a previous study, we confirmed the feasibility of utilizing whole slide imaging (wsi) of cell block (cb) preparations to overcome the limitations of digitizing cytologic samples. in this study, we evaluated the accuracy of wsi in identifying various organisms and nonneoplastic findings. | 2014 | 25033897 |
| design and synthesis of γ-butyrolactone derivatives as potential spermicidal agents. | a series of γ-butyrolactone derivatives has been designed and synthesized from commercially available 2-acetyl butyrolactone (3-acetyldihydrofuran-2(3h)-one, 1) by aminoalkylating its active methylene followed by condensation with different aldehydes. compounds having amino group were further converted to their respective tartrate salts and were evaluated for spermicidal activity against human sperm in vitro. compounds showing appreciable spermicidal activity at ⩽0.5% [3c, 4d (0.5%); 2c, 3d (0.1 ... | 2014 | 25027939 |
| the antimicrobial effect of boric acid on trichomonas vaginalis. | the treatment options for trichomoniasis are largely limited to nitroimidazole compounds (metronidazole and tinidazole). few alternatives exist in cases of recalcitrant infections or in cases of nitroimidazole hypersensitivity. recently, the intravaginal administration of boric acid has been advocated as an alternative treatment of trichomoniasis. however, no in vitro studies are available that directly assess the sensitivity of trichomonas vaginalis to boric acid. | 2014 | 25581807 |
| trichomonas vaginalis metalloproteinase induces mtor cleavage of siha cells. | trichomonas vaginalis secretes a number of proteases which are suspected to be the cause of pathogenesis; however, little is understood how they manipulate host cells. the mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) regulates cell growth, cell proliferation, cell motility, cell survival, protein synthesis, and transcription. we detected various types of metalloproteinases including gp63 protein from t. vaginalis trophozoites, and t. vaginalis gp63 metalloproteinase was confirmed by sequencing and weste ... | 2014 | 25548410 |
| trichomonas vaginalis among women raped in antananarivo, 2005-2011. | rape is a forensic emergency due to the possibility of sexually transmitted infections, including hiv/aids. moreover, an upsurge is currently underway. the objective of this study was to determine the incidence of trichomonas vaginalis in women undergoing tests at the microbiology unit of the joseph ravoahangy andrianavalona antananarivo hospital after being raped. this retrospective descriptive study covers the 7-year period from 2005 to 2011 and reports the results of direct examination of the ... | 2014 | 25499225 |
| evidence for repeated gene duplications in tritrichomonas foetus supported by est analysis and comparison with the trichomonas vaginalis genome. | tritrichomonas foetus causes a venereal infection in cattle; the disease has mild or no clinical manifestation in bulls, while cows may present vaginitis, placentitis, pyometra and abortion in the more severe cases. t. foetus has one of the largest known genomes among trichomonads. however molecular data are fragmentary and have minimally contributed to the understanding of the biology and pathogenesis of this protozoan. in a search of new t. foetus genes, a detailed exploration was performed us ... | 2014 | 25458117 |
| design and synthesis of substituted morpholin/piperidin-1-yl-carbamodithioates as promising vaginal microbicides with spermicidal potential. | a series of seventeen morpholin/piperidin-1-yl-carbamodithioate (3-19) were synthesized as topical vaginal microbicidal spermicides. the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-trichomonas activity against mtz susceptible and resistant strains along with their spermicidal and antifungal potential. all the synthesized compounds were assessed for their safety through cytotoxic assay against human cervical cell line (hela) and compatibility with vaginal flora, lactobacillus. the study i ... | 2014 | 25453819 |
| prevalence and risk factors for cervical neoplasia: a cervical cancer screening program in beijing. | cervical cancer is the second most common cancer and cause of cancer-related death for women worldwide. the aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of cervical neoplasia and examine factors associated with high-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (hsil) among women taking part in a cervical cancer screening program in beijing. | 2014 | 25410572 |
| trichomonas vaginalis induces cytopathic effect on human lung alveolar basal carcinoma epithelial cell line a549. | trichomonas vaginalis, the causative agent of trichomoniasis is generally known to inhabit the genitourinary tract. however, several case reports with supporting molecular and immunological identifications have documented its occurrence in the respiratory tract of neonates and adults. in addition, the reports have documented that its occurrence is associated with respiratory failures. the medical significance or consequence of this association is unclear. thus, to establish the possible outcome ... | 2014 | 25307688 |
| putrescine-dependent re-localization of tvcp39, a cysteine proteinase involved in trichomonas vaginalis cytotoxicity. | polyamines are involved in the regulation of some trichomonas vaginalis virulence factors such as the transcript, proteolytic activity, and cytotoxicity of tvcp65, a cysteine proteinase (cp) involved in the trichomonal cytotoxicity. in this work, we reported the putrescine effect on tvcp39, other cp that also participate in the trichomonal cytotoxicity. parasites treated with 1,4-diamino-2-butanone (dab) (an inhibitor of putrescine biosynthesis), diminished the amount and proteolytic activity of ... | 2014 | 25251406 |
| trichocystatin-2 (tc-2): an endogenous inhibitor of cysteine proteinases in trichomonas vaginalis is associated with tvcp39. | the causal agent of trichomoniasis is a parasitic protist, trichomonas vaginalis, which is rich in proteolytic activity, primarily carried out by cysteine proteases (cps). some cps are known virulence factors. t. vaginalis also possesses three genes encoding endogenous cystatin-like cp inhibitors. the aim of this study was to identify and characterize one of these cp inhibitors. using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) and mass spectrometry (ms), a cystatin-like peptidase inhibitor dubbe ... | 2014 | 25200185 |
| comparative protein structure modeling using modeller. | functional characterization of a protein sequence is one of the most frequent problems in biology. this task is usually facilitated by accurate three-dimensional (3-d) structure of the studied protein. in the absence of an experimentally determined structure, comparative or homology modeling can sometimes provide a useful 3-d model for a protein that is related to at least one known protein structure. comparative modeling predicts the 3-d structure of a given protein sequence (target) based prim ... | 2014 | 25199792 |
| signal transduction triggered by iron to induce the nuclear importation of a myb3 transcription factor in the parasitic protozoan trichomonas vaginalis. | iron was previously shown to induce rapid nuclear translocation of a myb3 transcription factor in the protozoan parasite, trichomonas vaginalis. in the present study, iron was found to induce a transient increase in cellular camp, followed by the nuclear influx of myb3, whereas the latter was also induced by 8-bromo-cyclic amp. iron-inducible camp production and nuclear influx of myb3 were inhibited by suramin and sq22536, respective inhibitors of the gα subunit of heterotrimeric g proteins and ... | 2014 | 25183012 |
| genetic identification of trichomonas vaginalis by using the actin gene and molecular based methods. | trichomonas vaginalis is the agent of urogenital tract infection that causes human trichomoniasis with some serious health complications. more understanding about genetic features of the parasite can be helpful in the study of the pathogenesis, drug susceptibility and epidemiology of the infection. for this end, we conducted analysis of the actin gene of t. vaginalis by applying the pcr-sscp (pcr-single stranded conformational polymorphism) and nucleotide sequencing method. | 2014 | 25678916 |
| the biology of trichomonas vaginalis in the light of urogenital tract infection. | the human pathogen trichomonas vaginalis is a parasitic protist. it is a representative of the eukaryotic supergroup excavata that includes a few other protist parasites such as leishmania, trypanosoma and giardia. t. vaginalis is the agent of trichomoniasis and in the us alone, one in 30 women tests positive for this parasite. the disease is easily treated with metronidazole in most cases, but resistant strains are on the rise. the biology of trichomonas is remarkable: it includes for example t ... | 2014 | 25677793 |
| evaluation of different staining techniques in the diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis infection in females of reproductive age group. | trichomonas vaginalis is a parasitic protozoan which causes most common non viral sexually transmitted disease trichomoniasis. direct microscopic examination of vaginal fluid remains the most widely used diagnostic test. although, wet mount examination is the most cost-effective diagnostic test, but it has low sensitivity resulting in under diagnosis of the disease. therefore, to overcome this problem, various staining techniques like giemsa and acridine orange can be used along with wet mount e ... | 2014 | 25653944 |
| the parasite trichomonas vaginalis expresses thousands of pseudogenes and long non-coding rnas independently from functional neighbouring genes. | the human pathogen trichomonas vaginalis is a parabasalian flagellate that is estimated to infect 3% of the world's population annually. with a 160 megabase genome and up to 60,000 genes residing in six chromosomes, the parasite has the largest genome among sequenced protists. although it is thought that the genome size and unusual large coding capacity is owed to genome duplication events, the exact reason and its consequences are less well studied. | 2014 | 25326207 |
| prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis infection in kashan city, iran (2012-2013). | trichomonas vaginalis infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in humans. t.vaginalis is a parasitic protozoan with a predilection for human urogenital tract and causative agent for vaginitis, cervicitis and urethritis in females. t.vaginalis infection is associated with risk of human immunodeficiency virus infectivity and pregnancy complication. | 2014 | 25114674 |
| a dynamin-related protein contributes to trichomonas vaginalis hydrogenosomal fission. | trichomonas vaginalis is a highly divergent, unicellular eukaryote of the phylum metamonada, class parabasalia, and the source of a common sexually transmitted infection. this parasite lacks mitochondria, but harbors an evolutionarily related organelle, the hydrogenosome. we explored the role of dynamin-related proteins (drps) in the division of the hydrogenosome. eight drp homologues [t. vaginalis drps (tvdrps)], which can be grouped into 3 subclasses, are present in t. vaginalis. we examined 5 ... | 2014 | 24297697 |
| genetic characterization of oropharyngeal trichomonad isolates from wild birds indicates that genotype is associated with host species, diet and presence of pathognomonic lesions. | oropharyngeal trichomonad isolates of wild birds from spain were studied. a total of 1688 samples (1214 of predator birds and 474 of prey species) from wildlife recovery centres and scientific bird-ringing campaigns were analysed from 2011 to 2013. the overall infection prevalence was 20.3% (11.4% in predator birds and 43.3% in prey species). pathognomonic lesions were present in 26% of the infected birds (57.3% in predator birds and 4.9% in prey species). the most commonly parasitized species w ... | 2014 | 25262786 |
| trichomonas stableri n. sp., an agent of trichomonosis in pacific coast band-tailed pigeons (patagioenas fasciata monilis). | trichomonas gallinae is a ubiquitous flagellated protozoan parasite, and the most common etiologic agent of epidemic trichomonosis in columbid and passerine species. in this study, free-ranging pacific coast band-tailed pigeons (patagioenas fasciata monilis) in california (usa) were found to be infected with trichomonad protozoa that were genetically and morphologically distinct from t. gallinae. in microscopic analysis, protozoa were significantly smaller in length and width than t. gallinae an ... | 2014 | 24918075 |
| first report of trichomonas tenax infections in the philippines. | recent studies have reported trichomonas tenax as a cause of pleuropulmonary infections in humans. in this study, sputum and vaginal swab samples were collected from patients suffering from respiratory ailments in rodriguez, rizal and sex workers attending the social hygiene clinics in angeles city in pampanga, mandaluyong city and pasay city in metro manila, philippines, respectively. dna was extracted from samples and the 18s rrna gene was amplified and sequenced. phylogenetic trees were const ... | 2014 | 24406842 |
| trichomonas gypaetinii n. sp., a new trichomonad from the upper gastrointestinal tract of scavenging birds of prey. | in the context of an epidemiological study carried out by several wildlife recovery centers in spain, trichomonads resembling trichomonas gallinae were found in the oropharyngeal cavity of 2 egyptian vultures (neophron percnopterus) and 14 cinereous vultures (aegypius monachus) which did not show any symptoms of trichomonosis. in order to characterize them, these isolates along with seven other t. gallinae isolates obtained from different hosts and from different geographical origin were analyze ... | 2015 | 25273632 |
| is trichomonas tenax a parasite or a commensal? | trichomonas tenax is considered a commensal organism found under poor oral hygiene conditions. t. tenax presents morphological similarities with t. vaginalis, and there are doubts concerning whether this protist is a parasite and whether it is a genetic variant of t. vaginalis. this study aimed to investigate the capacity of t. tenax to cause mammalian cell damage and compare its cytotoxicity with that of t. vaginalis. protozoan-host cell interaction assays were performed with madin-darby canine ... | 2015 | 25835639 |
| rna-binding proteins in trichomonas vaginalis: atypical multifunctional proteins. | iron homeostasis is highly regulated in vertebrates through a regulatory system mediated by rna-protein interactions between the iron regulatory proteins (irps) that interact with an iron responsive element (ire) located in certain mrnas, dubbed the ire-irp regulatory system. trichomonas vaginalis, the causal agent of trichomoniasis, presents high iron dependency to regulate its growth, metabolism, and virulence properties. although t. vaginalis lacks irps or proteins with aconitase activity, po ... | 2015 | 26703754 |
| a trichomonas vaginalis rhomboid protease and its substrate modulate parasite attachment and cytolysis of host cells. | trichomonas vaginalis is an extracellular eukaryotic parasite that causes the most common, non-viral sexually transmitted infection worldwide. although disease burden is high, molecular mechanisms underlying t. vaginalis pathogenesis are poorly understood. here, we identify a family of putative t. vaginalis rhomboid proteases and demonstrate catalytic activity for two, tvrom1 and tvrom3, using a heterologous cell cleavage assay. the two t. vaginalis intramembrane serine proteases display differe ... | 2015 | 26684303 |
| [vulvovaginal trichomoniasis: epidemiology, clinical and parasitological characteristics]. | trichomonas vaginalis infection is the most prevalent nonviral sexual transmitted infection. the world health organization estimates that its prevalence is 170 million cases worldwide each year. in women, he represents the third cause of vaginitis. | 2015 | 26644101 |
| advances in the prevention of infection-related preterm birth. | infection-related preterm birth (ptb) is more common at early gestational ages and is associated with major neonatal mortality and morbidity. abnormal genital tract microflora in early pregnancy predicts late miscarriage and early ptb. accordingly, it is logical to consider antibiotics as an intervention. unfortunately, the conclusions of systematic reviews and meta-analyses (sr&mas) carried out in an attempt to explain the confusion over the heterogeneity of individual studies are flawed by the ... | 2015 | 26635788 |
| substrate-induced dimerization of engineered monomeric variants of triosephosphate isomerase from trichomonas vaginalis. | the dimeric nature of triosephosphate isomerases (tims) is maintained by an extensive surface area interface of more than 1600 å2. tims from trichomonas vaginalis (tvtim) are held in their dimeric state by two mechanisms: a ball and socket interaction of residue 45 of one subunit that fits into the hydrophobic pocket of the complementary subunit and by swapping of loop 3 between subunits. tvtims differ from other tims in their unfolding energetics. in tvtims the energy necessary to unfold a mono ... | 2015 | 26618356 |
| adenosine/guanosine preferring nucleoside ribohydrolase is a distinct, druggable antitrichomonal target. | nucleoside salvage pathway enzymes used by trichomonas vaginalis are distinct from the pathway involved in activation of existing 5-nitroimidazole drugs. they thus represent excellent targets for developing novel, mechanism-based antitrichomonal agents. the purine-specific adenosine/guanosine preferring ribohydrolase (agnh) was screened against the nih clinical collection to assess its druggability. eight compounds, including five flavonoids, were identified with ic50 values ⩽10 μm and confirmed ... | 2015 | 26592812 |
| correlates of trichomonas vaginalis among middle age and older adults who use drugs. | recent studies have reported high rates of trichomonas vaginalis among middle age and older adults. though trichomoniasis risk factors in this age cohort remain largely unknown, illicit drug use has been associated with increased incidence of sexually transmitted infections (stis). the number of mid-older adults using illicit drugs has increased significantly in recent years suggesting the need to understand the relationship between drug use and stis in this age cohort. | 2015 | 26583203 |
| novel insights into the molecular events linking to cell death induced by tetracycline in the amitochondriate protozoan trichomonas vaginalis. | trichomonas vaginalis colonizes the human urogenital tract and causes trichomoniasis, the most common nonviral sexually transmitted disease. currently, 5-nitroimidazoles are the only recommended drugs for treating trichomoniasis. however, increased resistance of the parasite to 5-nitroimidazoles has emerged as a highly problematic public health issue. hence, it is essential to identify alternative chemotherapeutic agents against refractory trichomoniasis. tetracycline (tet) is a broad-spectrum a ... | 2015 | 26303799 |
| prevalence of and risk factors for bacterial vaginosis among women of reproductive age attending cervical screening in southeastern brazil. | to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for bacterial vaginosis. | 2015 | 26283224 |
| trichomonas vaginalis infection in a tertiary care vaginitis center. | trichomonas vaginalis infection (tvi) is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in the united states. we sought to determine the features of tvi in a referral-based vaginitis center, focusing on diagnosis and treatment of difficult cases. | 2015 | 26267873 |