Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [opportunistic infections--prevention and treatment]. | many people are exposed to opportunistic infections which can only be controlled by a healthy immune system. the hiv virus limits the development of the immune system. the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of many opportunistic infections are described. pneumocystis carinii, mycobacterium avium complex infections (mai or mac), toxoplasmosis, cryptococcal meningitis, cytomeglovirus infections (cmv), tuberculosis, kaposi's sarcoma (ks), crytosporidiosis, aids dementia complex, and progressive m ... | 1995 | 11362439 |
| opportunistic infections studies update. | studies being conducted on opportunistic infections among people with hiv are presented in list form. the list includes new studies, those still in development, and those slated to begin in 1995. areas of interest include candidiasis, cryptosporidiosis/microsporidiosis, cytomegalovirus (cmv), mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), toxoplasmosis, and tuberculosis (tb). enrollment information can be obtained by calling 1-(800)-trials-a (tdd 1- 800-448-04 ... | 1995 | 11362449 |
| atovaquone (mepron) suspension approved by fda. food and drug administration. | the newly approved use of an atovaquone (mepron) suspension for treating mild to moderate pneumocystis carinii (pcp) in patients unable to tolerate trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx), has shown that it is twice as bioavailable compared with the previously licensed tablet formulation. however, atovaquone use has produced more deaths than tmp-smx, a problem that may in part be due to its lack of a broad antibacterial spectrum. | 1995 | 11362554 |
| pcp prevention for children. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is common in children and adults who are hiv-positive. more than half of the babies who have pcp never received preventive drugs. it is suggested that a greater number of hiv-exposed infants must be identified at an earlier stage, and preventive medication should be prescribed. it is further recommended that hiv testing and monitoring be made more available to infants at risk so that preventive pcp medication can be given at four to six weeks of age, regardle ... | 1995 | 11362597 |
| fda approves new pcp drug. food and drug administration. | the u.s. food and drug administration (fda) recently approved a suspension formulation of atovaquone (mepron) for treating mild to moderate cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients intolerant of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx). the liquid form offers better bioavailability and convenient dosing. at least one study has shown that the drug is less toxic than intravenous pentamidine and may have possible action against microsporidiosis. the use of the suspension formulation ... | 1995 | 11362680 |
| phs guidelines map out prevention routes through terrain of infections. public health service. | interaction between health agencies, community groups, aids patients, and the u.s public health service has finally resulted in the creation of the first comprehensive guide for preventing aids-related opportunistic infections. hundreds of drug studies were sorted through to assess which drugs prevented opportunistic infections the best. other suggestions in the guidelines involved quality-of-life decisions, such as owning pets and drinking tap water. the top priorities in the guidelines were pr ... | 1995 | 11362773 |
| physician's aggressive preventive therapy differs. | dr. bernard bihari, an aids specialist practicing in new york city, and other members of the community programs for clinical research on aids (cpcra), have determined that some of the public health services's recommendations for preventing opportunistic infections do not match the standards of care that the cpcra developed nearly five years ago. the basic treatments provided by bihari include using 1) tmp-smz and fluconazole to prevent, respectively, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and cryp ... | 1995 | 11362774 |
| a difficult case of pcp. | a case history is presented of an hiv-infected female patient with a recurrence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and contraindications to use of most drugs for pcp, including pentamidine, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx), clindamycin, primaquine, and dapsone. treatment alternatives discussed address risk-benefit analyses of using different drugs. the final treatment decision was to use escalating doses of tmp-smx, since her previous adverse effects (fever and rash) are not an absol ... | 1995 | 11362780 |
| drug developed by ncddg-oi to enter clinical trials. national cooperative drug discovery group program for opportunistic infections. | phase i clinical trials on a new drug developed to treat patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) are expected to begin in the fall of 1995. the drug is designated rg-201 and has been developed by the national cooperative drug discovery group program for opportunistic infections. the mechanism of action is not yet known, but there is hope that it will be effective and have few side effects. | 1995 | 11362804 |
| [prevention of pneumonia related to hiv--pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp)]. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is a principal cause of death in aids patients. symptoms include breathing difficulty, dry cough, and fever. medications such as bactrim, septra, dapsone, or nebupent may prevent or reduce pcp's symptoms. if a person is hiv-positive, a t-cell level blood test can alert a physician to prescribe medication to prevent pcp. telephone numbers for a spanish health forum in florida are listed. | 1995 | 11363204 |
| [self-detection of symptoms]. | hiv-positive patients are prone to many illnesses due to their weakened immune systems. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and tuberculosis (tb) both cause respiratory difficulties, as well as fatigue, scratchy throat and weight loss. cytomegalovirus (cmv) causes changes in vision. cryptococcal meningitis and toxoplasmosis share symptoms of acute headaches, confusion and memory loss. kaposi's sarcoma (ks) causes red and purple skin legions to appear. candidiasis symptoms reveal themselves in o ... | 1995 | 11363215 |
| the role of a nested polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | aim-to compare the techniques and results of a nested pcr and an immunofluorescence assay (ifa) for the detection of pneumocystis carinii infection; to consider the role of the nested pcr in the diagnosis of p carinii pneumonia (pcp).methods-serial dilutions of two known p carinii positive samples were tested by ifa and pcr to determine their relative sensitivities. seventy eight respiratory samples (15 from 11 patients with hiv infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and 63 from 42 ... | 1995 | 16696036 |
| [the pattern of aids-indicative diseases in adults and adolescents in spain, 1988-1993]. | the pattern of aids-defining diseases in adults and adolescents in spain from 1988-1993 has been described. | 1996 | 8667673 |
| unique telomeric expression site of major-surface-glycoprotein genes of pneumocystis carinii. | major cell surface glycoproteins (msg) of pneumocystis carinii play a crucial role in the host-parasite interactions involved in p. carinii pneumonia in aids patients. genes encoding msgs are repeated, highly polymorphic, and distributed among all of the 14-15 chromosomes. here we show, by bal-31 exonuclease cleavage and dna cloning experiments, that the unique expression site (previously termed ucs) of msg genes located in the 500-kb chromosome is telomeric. the 11-kb genomic ucs fragment isola ... | 1996 | 8804856 |
| new model of oropharyngeal and gastrointestinal colonization by candida albicans in cd4+ t-cell-deficient mice for evaluation of antifungal agents. | a new model for the evaluation of antifungal compounds against oropharyngeal and gastrointestinal mucosal colonization by candida albicans was developed. to simulate the immune deficiency observed in aids patients, mice were depleted of cd4+ t lymphocytes by the injection of either gk1.5 hybridoma cells or purified anti-cd4+ t lymphocytes by the injection of either gk1.5 hybridoma cells or purified anti-cd4+ monoclonal antibody derived from gk1.5 hybridoma cells in tissue culture. fluorescence-a ... | 1996 | 8807048 |
| late onset pneumocystis carinii pneumonia following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. | we retrospectively reviewed all positive pneumocystis carinii findings among adult patients who had received an allogeneic bm transplant at the helsinki university central hospital between july 1990 and december 1993. the aim was to define the incidence of late onset pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in bmt patients who had routinely received pcp prophylaxis for 6 months post-bmt. in 110 bmt patients, 16 episodes of pcp were documented. only one patient had been receiving pcp prophylaxis at t ... | 1996 | 8807114 |
| primary and secondary prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii related complications in hiv patients. | 1996 | 8793444 | |
| effect of long-term primary aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis on breakthrough pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | aerosolized pentamide is a well-tolerated primary prophylaxis regimen for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients. it is now commonly administered for prolonged periods. we therefore studied the effect of long-term inhalation on breakthrough pcp. we recorded clinical, immunological, radiological and microbiological data, as well as therapy and clinical course of all episodes with confirmed pcp diagnosed at our institution between january 1, 19 ... | 1996 | 8793464 |
| complementary therapies in hiv disease. | this study was designed to determine whether a standardized program of complementary therapies combined with appropriate standard medical care would have a measurable influence on the course of hiv disease when compared with data from other groups. all 10 participants began this study in 1988 with a diagnosis of asymptomatic hiv-positive. they received a 1-month orientation to the program and were then seen at 3-month intervals for follow-up data collection. data were compared with two groups th ... | 1996 | 8795921 |
| [a case of aids with intractable cryptococcal meningitis]. | a 38-year-old hemophiliac, who had been infected with hiv by the administration of blood products and had been diagnosed as aids by the onset of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, was admitted to our hospital with the complaints of headache and vomiting. after he was diagnosed as cryptococcal meningitis using the microscopy, cryptococcal antigen detection and culture of cerebrospinal fluid, treatment with amphotericin-b and fluconazole was started. as there was no clinical improvement, spinal drain ... | 1996 | 8797310 |
| autopsy patterns of disease among subgroups of an inner-city bronx aids population. | the bronx, new york, has a large, inner-city, aids population which contains a greater proportion of women and intravenous drug users and a lower percentage of homosexuals than the u.s. aids population overall. because this population is reflective of the evolving trends in the national aids population, our objective was to gain an understanding of patterns of infections, malignancies, and cause of death among these individuals. all autopsies (252) performed on patients with aids at two hospital ... | 1996 | 8797686 |
| aids-associated non-hodgkin's lymphomas as primary and secondary aids diagnoses in hemophiliacs. hemophilia malignancy study group. | we studied the characteristics and temporal trends of aids- associated non-hodgkin's lymphoma (aids-nhl) in individuals with hemophilia. prospective data were collected on 33 hiv-positive hemophiliacs with aids-nhl enrolled in the hemophilia malignancy study (hms), of whom 21 had primary and 12 had secondary or subsequent aids-defining illnesses, and analyzed for frequency and temporal trends. as compared with primary aids- nhl, secondary aids-nhl occurred at an older mean age, 37 versus 29 year ... | 1996 | 8797689 |
| non specific pcr products using rat-derived pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase gene-specific primers in dna amplification of human respiratory samples. | dna amplification using dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) primers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (balfs) from patients with pneumocystis carinii (pc) pneumonia yielded low sensitivity and specificity. amplified products of balfs from an aids patient without pc pneumonia and five patients with pc pneumonia were cloned and sequenced. all samples showed the same sequence without any homology with dhfr cdna of rat pc, or with any dhfr sequences in databases at the dna or amino acid level. the data de ... | 1996 | 8799372 |
| clinical features of aids in the edinburgh city hospital cohort. | in order to describe the clinical features of aids, particularly injection drug use (idu) related aids in patients attending the regional infectious diseases unit in edinburgh a prospective review of the 680 hiv-positive patients, 30% of whom were women and 68% were infected via idu was undertaken. the commonest aids-related clinical problem in edinburgh was pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). whilst gender differences were not apparent in terms of clinical problems, differences were observed ... | 1996 | 8799781 |
| [changes in the spectrum of aids-defining diseases in spain]. | since the late 1980s the use of prophylaxis against several aids-diagnostic diseases has been recommended. in order to detect the impact of these measures we analyzed the shifts in the spectrum of aids-diagnostic diseases in spain. | 1996 | 8801384 |
| rapid microscopic detection of cytomegalovirus and pcp in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. | this article describes how bronchoalveolar lavage specimens can be screened rapidly and inexpensively for pneumocystis carinii and cytomegalovirus infections with materials available in any hospital laboratory. | 1996 | 8772406 |
| five year leukaemia-free survival of 72% and 77% for early stage acute and chronic myeloid leukaemia treated by hla-identical sibling bone marrow transplantation. | hla-identical sibling bone marrow transplantation is an accepted treatment for patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (aml) and chronic myeloid leukaemia (cml). we have recently reported improving results in hla-identical sibling transplant over the ten year period 1981-1990. in this report we described the outcome in patients transplanted at st vincent's hospital, sydney between 1989 and 1993. | 1996 | 8775529 |
| severe community-acquired pneumonia. | severe community-acquired pneumonia is a distinct clinical entity usually requiring intensive care unit (icu) management. among community-acquired pneumonia (cap) requiring hospital admission, approximately 10% will receive icu care and the mortality rate ranges from 21% to 47%. host-related factors, clinical presentation, laboratory and radiographic findings on admission are useful in identifing the patient at high risk for fulminant pneumonia. the most common organisms responsible for severe c ... | 1996 | 8776779 |
| severe pulmonary infections in aids patients. | pulmonary infections are a very common complication in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) patients. these infections may be severe enough to initiate the admission of these patients to intensive care units (icu). pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is the most frequent cause of icu admission because of acute respiratory failure. mortality of icu-admitted patients with this infection has changed with time. initial reports confirmed a high mortality (80% to 90%). after 1985, the mortality ... | 1996 | 8776781 |
| immunopathogenesis and spectrum of infections in systemic lupus erythematosus. | this study reviews the pertinent immunopathologic mechanisms that contribute to increased susceptibility to infection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) and the spectrum of infections in patients with sle. it assesses the impact on patient care, morbidity, and mortality. | 1996 | 8778988 |
| incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after renal transplantation. impact of immunosuppression. | the incidence and potential risk factors of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in our population of renal transplant recipients were analyzed retrospectively. of 1427 patients who received transplants between january 1986 and june 1994, 1192 were evaluated. four different immunosuppressive regimens were applied: (1) cyclosporine (csa) + prednisolone (pred), (2) csa + azathioprine (aza, 2 mg/kg/day) + pred, (3) csa + aza + antithymocyte globulin, and (4) (after december 1, 1993, european multic ... | 1996 | 8779695 |
| [pancytopenia and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia associated with low dose methotrexate pulse therapy for rheumatoid arthritis--case report and review of literature]. | low-dose weekly pulse mtx therapy is effective for rheumatoid arthritis (ra) and is used for patients with ra who are unresponsive to conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (dmards). we used mtx to a 62-year-old man with ra who had received dmards for 5 years. mtx was effective for ra but after 12 weeks mtx therapy started, he complicated pancytopenia and developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. we reviewed all ra patients reported in japan and in the world from 1965, complicated wi ... | 1996 | 8779792 |
| molecular biology and epidemiology of pneumocystis carinii infection in aids. | 1996 | 8780810 | |
| the role of t cells in infection-driven interstitial pneumonia after bone marrow transplantation in mice. | over the course of five weeks, there were no significant histopathological changes in the lungs of mice given either allogeneic or syngeneic bone marrow transplants (bmt) with whole body irradiation (wbi). however, all mice that received both wbi and pneumocystis carinii inoculation developed a more protracted and severe interstitial pneumonia than that of normal mice given p carinii. this pneumonia was exacerbated by allogeneic bmt but was ameliorated by syngeneic bmt. the interstitial pneumoni ... | 1996 | 8781619 |
| rejection treatment and cytomegalovirus infection as risk factors for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in renal transplant recipients. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is an infection of immunocompromised patients. the purpose of our study was to estimate the risk of pcp in renal transplant recipients in relation to number, timing, and type of rejection treatments and to cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection. in a case-control study, 15 renal transplant recipients with proven pcp were compared with 95 controls. the relative risks of pcp for 1, 2, and > or = 3 rejection treatments vs. no such treatment were 1.7 (95% ci, 0.2-12.5), ... | 1996 | 8783687 |
| granulomatous pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with low-grade lymphoid malignancies: a diagnostic dilemma. | 1996 | 8783726 | |
| identification of extrapulmonary pneumocystis carinii in immunocompromised rats by pcr. | pneumocystis carinii has been shown to cause extra-alveolar infections in humans, but the lack of a reproducible animal model has hindered the elucidation of mechanisms of p. carinii dissemination. in the present study, pcr and the immunosuppressed rat model were used to gain further insight into the dissemination of p. carinii organisms in extrapulmonary (ep) tissues. primer sequences specific to major surface glycoprotein (msg) and dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) were used to detect p. carinii ... | 1996 | 8784565 |
| dna sequences identical to pneumocystis carinii f. sp. carinii and pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis in samples of air spora. | samples of ambient air collected with three different types of spore traps in a rural location were examined for the presence of pneumocystis carinii by screening for p. carinii-specific dna sequences by dna amplification. eleven spore trap samples were analyzed by nested pcr, using oligonucleotide primers designed for the gene encoding the mitochondrial large subunit rrna of p. carinii f. sp. carinii and p. carinii f. sp. hominis. the samples were collected over a 3-year period during the month ... | 1996 | 8784583 |
| pneumonia in cats caused by pneumocystis carinii purified from mouse lungs. | fourteen mice trapped in or near houses were infected with pneumocystis carinii and the establishment of pneumonia was helped by injecting with cortisone acetate for 6 weeks. then 16 cats were infected with p. carinii by injection of lung homogenate from the mice which contained from 1.3 x 10(5) to 2.6 x 10(5) p. carinii cysts. the infection resulted in severe cough and tachypnea in cats 1-8 injected with cortisone acetate, and a subclinical infection in cats 9-16. in cats 1-8, the main patholog ... | 1996 | 8750695 |
| spontaneous pneumothorax in the aids population. | spontaneous pneumothorax (sp) in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) has become the leading cause of nontraumatic pneumothorax in the urban population. however, the appropriate treatment, especially the role of surgical intervention, remains controversial. a retrospective study of 33 patients with aids who were treated for 38 episodes of sps (5 bilateral sps) at our institution was conducted. the study consisted of 25 males (76%) and 8 females (24%) with a mean age of 38 year ... | 1996 | 8751768 |
| pneumothorax as the presenting sign of pneumocystis carinii infection in an hiv-positive child with prior lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis. | an hiv-positive child presented with a pneumothorax secondary to cavitary pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis had been evident on earlier radiographs but had resolved, concurrent with a decrease in her cd4 counts, before the radiographic changes of pcp became evident. as immune function declines in hiv-positive children, the chest radiograph may paradoxically clear. in such a setting, development of focal lung disease, including pneumothorax, may herald pne ... | 1996 | 8753672 |
| naturally acquired pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in gene disruption mutant mice: roles of distinct t-cell populations in infection. | when kept under strict specific-pathogen-free conditions, h-21-abeta (abeta(-/-),t-cell receptor beta (tcrbeta(-/-)), and recombinase-activating gene 1 (rag-1(-/-) gene disruption mutant mice, deficient in conventional cd4+ t cells, tcralphabeta cells, and all peripheral t and b lymphocytes, respectively, consistently developed lethal pneumocystis carinii pneumonia through natural infection. the most severe symptoms appeared in rag-1(-/-) mutants. in contrast, tcrdelta(-/-) and beta2-microglobul ... | 1996 | 8757854 |
| the first one hundred aids cases in hong kong. | to study the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the first 100 reported aids cases in hong kong. | 1996 | 8758375 |
| madin darby canine kidney: a new cell line for pneumocystis carinii in vitro culture. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is a highly frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised subjects, particularly in hiv-infected ones. the biology of p. carinii is poorly understood because of the lack of reliable synthetic media or adequate cell lines to grow this opportunistic pathogen in continuous culture. we reported the suitability of the mdck (madin darby canine kidney, attc ccl 34) cell line to support the temporary microorganism's growth in vitro and the experiment ... | 1996 | 8758555 |
| lack of activity of artemether for prophylaxis and treatment of toxoplasma gondii and pneumocystis carinii infections in rat. | artemisinin and its derivatives have been found effective in vivo against plasmodium and in vitro against toxoplasma gondii and pneumocystis carinii. we tested the activity of artemether for prophylaxis and treatment in the rat model of concurrent t. gondii and p. carinii infection. artemether at doses of 18 and 100 mg/kg administered (s.c.) in prophylaxis did not prevent toxoplasmosis or pneumocystosis, while trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (reference treatment) was effective for prevention of bot ... | 1996 | 8758556 |
| cd4 and total lymphocyte counts as predictors of hiv disease progression. | cd4+ t-lymphocyte (cd4) counts are a standard laboratory marker of disease progression in hiv infection, but expense precludes their use in large parts of the world. total lymphocyte counts (tlc), in contrast, are widely available. we compared cd4 and tlc counts as predictors of developing aids or death in 831 hiv-positive out-patients (582 males and 249 females with both homosexual (males, n = 316) and heterosexual (n = 515) transmission patterns. the first cd4 count < 200/microliter and first ... | 1996 | 8759490 |
| aerobic bacteria, chlamydia trachomatis, pneumocystis carinii and cytomegalovirus as agents of severe pneumonia in small infants. | the authors studied 58 infants hospitalized for pneumonia in a semi-intensive care unit. age ranged from 1 complete to 6 incomplete months. the infants were sent from another hospital in 20 cases and from home in a further 38. pulmonary involvement, which was alveolar in 46 cases and interstitial in 12, was bilateral in 31 children. the investigation was carried out prospectively on the etiological agents associated with respiratory infection to look for evidence of aerobic bacteria (blood cultu ... | 1996 | 8762633 |
| employment of terbinafine against pneumocystis carinii infection in rat models. | the anti-pneumocystis carinii response of terbinafine together with that of three other compounds, trimethoprim sulphamethoxazole (tmp-smx), atovaquone (atq) and albendazole (alb), has been investigated in immunosuppressed sprague-dawley rats with established pneumocystosis. drugs were administered orally (terbinafine in dosages of 40 and 80 mg/kg per day, tmp 12.5 mg/kg per day plus smx 62.5 mg/kg per day, atq 100 mg/kg per day and alb 600 mg/kg per day) to six rat groups except one which serve ... | 1996 | 8763466 |
| synthesis of tumor necrosis factor-alpha mrna in bronchoalveolar lavage cells from human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells from a cohort of 34 human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons with established pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were examined for expression of tumor necrosis factors (tnf-alpha) mrna by fluorescence in situ hybridization with an antisense riboprobe. video image analysis was used to develop a quantitative assay that evaluates relative single-cell levels of mrna. the resulting data were analyzed as an antisense-to-sense ratio and examined for correlation betwe ... | 1996 | 8769632 |
| diversity of host species and strains of pneumocystis carinii is based on rrna sequences. | we have amplified by pcr pneumocystis carinii cytoplasmic small-subunit rrna (variously referred to as 16s-like or 18s-like rrna) genes from dna extracted from bronchoalveolar lavage and induced sputum specimens from patients positive for p. carinii and from infected ferret lung tissue. the amplification products were cloned into puc18, and individual clones were sequenced. comparison of the determined sequences with each other and with published rat and partial human p.carinii small-subunit rrn ... | 1996 | 8770515 |
| treatment related deaths during induction and in first remission in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: mrc ukall x. | the benefits of achieving a long term event free survival of 60-70% by using increasingly intense treatment regimens must be weighed against the increased risk of treatment toxicity. from 1985 to 1990, 1612 children with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (all) in the uk were treated on mrc ukall x with intensive induction therapy, central nervous system directed therapy (cranial irradiation and intrathecal methotrexate), and continuing treatment for two years. there was a randomisation to ... | 1996 | 8660070 |
| occurrence of cytomegalovirus retinitis after human immunodeficiency virus immunosuppression. | to estimate the incidence and prevalence of cytomegalovirus retinitis (cmv-r) in late-stage human immunodeficiency virus type 1 disease. | 1996 | 8660165 |
| [pancreatic disease in patients with hiv treated with didanosine (ddi)]. | pancreatic involvement has been studied in 70 hiv infected patients, in diverse stages, that were treated with didanosine (ddi), both as monotherapy or associated to zidovudine; 38% of patients presented adverse reaction that obliged to withdraw the medication: pancreatitis (4%), hyperamylasemia (21%) and abdominal pain and/or diarrhea (12%). the possible causes in presentation of adverse effects were evaluated: route of infection, stage of hiv infection, use of pentamidine or trimethoprim-sulfa ... | 1996 | 8664067 |
| role of il-12 in peripheral blood mononuclear cell responses to fungi in persons with and without hiv infection. | clinical trials of il-12 in persons infected with hiv have been proposed based on recent evidence suggesting il-12 plays a critical role in the development of protective immune responses, and the hiv infection is associated with a deficiency of il-12. as fungal infections are among the most common opportunistic infections associated with aids, we examined whether il-12 p40 gene expression and p70 release in response to cryptococcus neoformans and candida albicans were deficient in monocyte-enric ... | 1996 | 8666825 |
| genetic diversity at the internal transcribed spacer regions of the rrna operon among isolates of pneumocystis carinii from aids patients with recurrent pneumonia. | the opportunistic fungal pathogen pneumocystis carinii sp. f. hominis is a frequent cause of pneumonia in the immunocompromised host. analysis of genetic variation among isolates of p. carinii sp. f. hominis from 12 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected persons with single and multiple episodes of p. carinii pneumonia was undertaken at the internal transcribed spacer (its) regions of the nuclear rrna operon. in samples from 24 episodes of pneumonia, 10 different types of p. carinii sp. f. ... | 1996 | 8655984 |
| iron overload as a mechanism for the lowered survival in aids patients receiving dapsone-iron protoxalate for secondary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1996 | 8656006 | |
| occurrence of pulmonary complications during methotrexate therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. | treatment with methotrexate (mtx) in rheumatoid arthritis (ra) can lead to severe side-effects, especially pulmonary and haematological complications. the aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate, during a 6 yr period, the prevalence and severity of bronchopulmonary side-effects in ra patients treated with mtx. a cohort of 130 ra in-patients (106 women, 24 men) treated with mtx was studied for the occurrence of respiratory adverse events. adverse bronchopulmonary side-effects were observe ... | 1996 | 8646434 |
| fludarabine, mitoxantrone, and dexamethasone: an effective new regimen for indolent lymphoma. | although most patients with indolent lymphomas respond to initial therapy, virtually all experience relapse. secondary therapy is often beneficial, but responses are rarely, if ever, durable. we conducted this phase ii trail to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and toxicity of fludarabine, mitoxantrone, and dexamethasone (fnd) in patients with relapsed indolent lymphoma. | 1996 | 8648382 |
| [why are aids patients frequently visually impaired?]. | patients with hiv infection and, above all, patients with full-blown aids can get a variety of ocular diseases as well as some cerebral maladies which have an influence on ocular functions. first there are hematogenous opportunistic infections of the retina or the choroid. the cytomegalovirus [cmv] retinitis was found in nearly 20% of all aids patients. without treatment this disease destroys the retina completely, and the involved eye becomes blind. this can be prevented by modern therapeutic s ... | 1996 | 8650623 |
| [extra-pulmonary pneumocystosis in the course of aids. report of a case]. | we report a case of splenic pneumocystosis in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive individual treated prophylactically with aerosolized pentamidine. despite this infection with pneumocystis carinii, the bronchoalveolar lavage revealed no microorganisms. the use of aerosolized pentamidine as prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii is not protective against extrapulmonary pneumocystosis because of inadequate systemic distribution of the drug. | 1996 | 8652000 |
| aids defining conditions in africans resident in the united kingdom. | a retrospective study of 55 hiv-1 seropositive african patients living in the uk, seen between january 1986 and november 1993, showed a total of 26 (47%) patients with aids. thirty-one (56%) had symptomatic hiv disease at the time of presentation of whom 19 (34.5%) had an aids defining condition. tuberculosis was the most common aids defining illness, accounting for 27% of all initial aids diagnoses, followed by by pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and oesophageal candidiasis in 19% each and chroni ... | 1996 | 8652711 |
| expression of variants of the major surface glycoprotein of pneumocystis carinii. | previously, we have shown that a multicopy family of related but unique genes encodes the major surface glycoprotein (msg) of pneumocystis carinii. to examine whether different members of this gene family are expressed by p. carinii, antisera were prepared against peptides whose sequences were determined from the deduced amino acid sequences of variants of rat-derived msg. immunohistochemical staining of serial sections of rat lungs of infected animals showed that at least three variants of msg ... | 1996 | 8642264 |
| [pneumocystis carinii lung infections in aids patients: a study with high-resolution computed tomography (hrct)]. | in 1993, a hundred and fifty aids patients were submitted to high-resolution ct (hrct). in 102 patients, bronchoalveolar lavage and/or transbronchial biopsy findings suggested the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia--a pure pneumocystis carinii infection in 75 patients and associated with other pathogenic agents in 27. we report the most common hrct patterns, such as ground-glass opacities, cysts, interstitial changes and nodules. ground-glass opacities were demonstrated in 57.8% of case ... | 1996 | 8643846 |
| [prognostic value of interleukin-8 in aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | we evaluated the significance of interleukin-8 (il-8) in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid and serum was prospectively collected in 76 consecutive hiv-infected patients with a primary episode of pcp, as well as in ten healthy control subjects. patients were found to have elevated levels of il-8 in bal fluid compared to control subjects (p < 0.01). nine patients died during the course of pcp. non-survivors had significantly higher il-8 levels in bal fluid th ... | 1996 | 8644397 |
| [survival time after the diagnosis of aids in the county of funen]. | since the diagnosis of aids was first made, a lot of efforts have been made to improve survival. different studies have found varied results, both geographically as well as over periods of time. during the period 1.1.1985 to 31.12.1993 142 patients that were hiv-positive were seen in the geographically well defined area of funen. during the period 1.1.1985 to 31.12.1990 the median time elapsed between the patient being found to be hiv-positive and the patient presenting with an aids-defining dis ... | 1996 | 8644409 |
| [cytomegalovirus retinitis and pneumocystis carinii choroidopathy in a patient with aids]. | a case of pneumocystis carinii (p. carinii) choroidopathy is reported. the patient was a 17-year-old man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) who developed bilateral, multifocal, yellow-white, round, flat choroidal lesions ranging in size from 1/8 to 1/6 of the disc diameter while undergoing treatment for cytomegalovirus retinitis. he had had p. carinii pneumonia 43 months previously, and received inhaled pentamidine as suppressive therapy. over a 4-week period of observation, the chor ... | 1996 | 8644534 |
| feasibility of an emergency department-based, risk-targeted voluntary hiv screening program. | to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of an emergency department-based, risk-targeted voluntary hiv screening program. | 1996 | 8644953 |
| the effect of prophylaxis on the outcome of hiv-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1996 | 8620753 | |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in adults with acute leukaemia: is there a need for primary chemoprophylaxis? | 1996 | 8598243 | |
| pneumocystis carinii infection in patients with chronic bronchial disease. | 1996 | 8598795 | |
| pneumocystis carinii infection in transgenic b cell-deficient mice. | pneumocystis carinii is an important cause of pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts. both cellular and humoral immunity seem important in resistance to this pathogen, but the specific role of each component is poorly understood. an outbreak of p. carinii pneumonia in transgenic b cell-deficient mice (mumt) was studied. over 4 months, >50% of 41 mumt/mumt mice maintained in a sterile environment died of pneumonia. some mice had concurrent infection with pasteurella pneumotropica. homozygous mumt/m ... | 1996 | 8603947 |
| search for extrapulmonary pneumocystis carinii in an animal model. | pneumocystis carinii-infected immunosuppressed ferrets and rats were searched for p. carinii cysts and trophozoites in extrapulmonary organs, including the heart, liver, stomach, kidney, and spleen. foci of p. carinii were found in the liver or kidney of 4 (10%) of 40 ferrets but in no extrapulmonary sites of 30 rats with p. carinii pneumonitis. attempts to identify p. carinii from immunosuppressed rat or ferret blood or propagate the organism intraorbitally in immunosuppressed rats were unsucce ... | 1996 | 8604119 |
| options in the management of pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and intolerance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. | the increased resistance, intolerance, or allergy to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx) has brought much attention to alternative treatment of pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii (pcp). pentamidine is considered when there is documented allergy or intolerance to tmp/smx. similarly, either dapsone/trimethoprim or clindamycin/primaquine is effective in the treatment of mild to moderate pcp, but both regimens are contraindicated in glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) deficiency. for ... | 1996 | 8604455 |
| correlation of pneumocystis carinii pcr with clinical diagnosis in immunocompromised patients. | 1996 | 8622484 | |
| patterns of opportunistic infections in patients with hiv infection. | the pattern of the development of opportunistic infections (ois) in hiv-infected patients was evaluated, based on a cohort of 1,530 patients enrolled in two aids clinical trials group anti-retroviral studies. we quantified the increase in risk of ois associated with the occurrence of a previous oi. this assessment was based on the observed event rates of the more common aids-defining ois: pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), mycobacterium avium complex (mac), cytomegalovirus (cmv), and a system ... | 1996 | 8624759 |
| off-label drug use in human immunodeficiency virus disease. | we wished to determine the extent to which drugs used to treat hiv disease and its clinical manifestations are prescribed for conditions other than those listed on the u.s. food and drug administration's approved drug label, how such "off-label" use varies by patient characteristics and type of hiv-related medical condition, and the extent to which physicians alter the way they treat hiv-related conditions because of reimbursement problems associated with off-label drug use. we surveyed 1,530 pr ... | 1996 | 8624761 |
| aerosolized pentamidine as alternative primary prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in adult hepatic and renal transplant recipients. | to examine the safety and efficacy of aerosolized pentamidine (ap) as alternative primary prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in adult liver and kidney transplant recipients. | 1996 | 8625676 |
| ultrastructural morphology of intermediate forms and forms suggestive of conjugation in the life cycle of pneumocystis carinii. | the intrapulmonary life cycle of pneumocystis carinii has been proposed to include asexual reproduction of haploid trophic forms and sexual reproduction to form cysts or ascospores containing 8 intracystic bodies or spores. this study presents the ultrastructural morphology of trophic forms and developing ascospores. nuclear-associated organelles (nao) were observed in these various forms and in a binucleated trophozoite. the unique configuration of the nuclei and nao in this binucleated trophic ... | 1996 | 8627488 |
| nonclassical 2,4-diamino-8-deazafolate analogues as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductases from rat liver, pneumocystis carinii, and toxoplasma gondii. | the synthesis and biological activity of 42 6-substituted-2,4-diaminopyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidines (2,4-diamino-8-deazafolate analogues) are reported. the compounds were synthesized in improved yields compared to previous classical analogues using modifications of procedures reported previously by us. specifically, the s-phenyl-; mono-, di-, and trimethoxyphenyl-; and mono-, di-, and trichlorophenyl-substituted analogues with h or ch3 at the n10 position and methyl and trifluoromethyl phenyl ketone a ... | 1996 | 8627607 |
| relationship between cytomegalovirus cells and survival in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients. | to determine whether cytopathic changes due to cytomegalovirus (cmv) in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients are prognostic. | 1996 | 8629399 |
| pneumocystis carinii thyroiditis diagnosis by fine needle aspiration cytology: a case report. | extrapulmonary infection or dissemination of pneumocystis carinii (pc) is rare, but under certain conditions the parasite can spread via the bloodstream or lymphatic vessels. systemic pneumocystosis most often involves the lymph nodes, stomach, spleen, liver, skin, pancreas, choroid and eye. isolated lesions containing pc have also been identified in the thyroid. | 1996 | 8629417 |
| [hiv-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, primary pentamidine inhalation prophylaxis notwithstanding. are there differences with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia without prophylaxis?]. | to study the effect of pentamidine aerosol inhalation, known to be effective and well tolerated in the primary prevention of hiv-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), on the severity, on clinical and radiological findings and prognosis of break-through pcp. | 1996 | 8631243 |
| high-affinity inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase: antimicrobial and anticancer activities of 7,8-dialkyl-1,3-diaminopyrrolo[3,2-f]quinazolines with small molecular size. | a series of 7,8-dialkylpyrrolo[3,2-f]quinazolines were prepared as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr). on the basis of an apparent inverse relationship between compound size and antifungal activity, the compounds were designed to be relatively small and compact. inhibitor design was aided by grid analysis of the three-dimensional structure of candida albicans dhfr, which suggested that relatively small, branched alkyl groups at the 7- and 8-positions of the pyrroloquinazoline ring syst ... | 1996 | 8632413 |
| lipophilic antifolates as agents against opportunistic infections. 1. agents superior to trimetrexate and piritrexim against toxoplasma gondii and pneumocystis carinii in in vitro evaluations. | 2,4-diaminopteridines (21 compounds) and 2,4-diamino-5-methyl-5-deazapteridines (34 compounds) along with three 2,4-diamino-5-unsubstituted-5-deazapteridines and four 2,4-diaminoquinazolines, each with an aryl groups attached to the 6-position of the heterocyclic moiety through a two-atom bridge (either ch2nh, ch2n(ch3),ch2s, or ch2ch2), were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of the growth of toxoplasma gondii in culture and as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase enzymes from t. gondii, ... | 1996 | 8632434 |
| rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for atovaquone. | a rapid high-performance liquid chromatography assay has been developed for the drug atovaquone, which is currently being used to treat pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and toxoplasma gondii encephalitis associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). protein is precipitated from plasma with acetonitrile-aqueous 1% acetic acid (85:15). the supernatant is assayed on a c6 column using methanol-10 mm triethylamine in aqueous 0.2% trifluoroacetic acid (76:24) with detection at 254 nm. t ... | 1996 | 8634763 |
| macrophage activation syndrome in systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis successfully treated with cyclosporine. | a macrophage activation syndrome, possibly related to methotrexate toxicity, developed in a boy with systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. corticosteroid administration was ineffective, whereas a prompt response to cyclosporine was observed. two months later, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia developed. | 1996 | 8636829 |
| duration of the survival benefit of zidovudine therapy in hiv infection. | zidovudine therapy improves survival in advanced human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and delays progression from earlier stages to advanced stage of hiv disease. the duration of the benefit of zidovudine therapy, however, may be limited. | 1996 | 8638994 |
| changing patterns of autopsy findings among persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in an inner-city population. a 12-year retrospective study. | to determine patterns of autopsy findings among persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) during a 12-year period. | 1996 | 8639049 |
| a crystallographic and spectroscopic study of the complex between d(cgcgaattcgcg)2 and 2,5-bis(4-guanylphenyl)furan, an analogue of berenil. structural origins of enhanced dna-binding affinity. | 2,5-bis(4-guanylphenyl)furan ("furamidine") is a dicationic minor groove binding drug that has been shown to be more effective than pentamidine against the pneumocystis carinii pathogen in an immunosuppressed rat model. it has a close structural similarity to the antitrypanosomal drug berenil, differing only on the replacement of the central triazene unit with a furan moiety. we have determined the crystal structure of the complex between furamidine and the dna dodecamer d(cgcgaattcgcg)2 and com ... | 1996 | 8639524 |
| transfusion-acquired aids in taiwan. | human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) can be transmitted through blood transfusion. the first transfusion-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) patient in taiwan was a 46-year-old woman who received two units of whole blood during a hysterectomy at a provincial hospital in 1985. in 1991, she experienced a herpes zoster infection. in march 1993, she had extensive herpetic gingivostomatitis and another herpes zoster attack, and was treated at the same hospital. two months later, she had ... | 1996 | 8640096 |
| composition of pneumocystis carinii neutral lipids and identification of coenzyme q10 as the major ubiquinone homolog. | the lipids of purified preparations of pneumocystis carinii carinii freshly isolated from infected rats were analyzed and compared with those of whole lungs from normal and methylprednisolone-immunosuppressed uninfected rats. in this study, the neutral lipid fraction was examined in detail; the relative concentrations of individual classes making up this fraction were quantified. of particular interest was the nature of the organism's ubiquinone (coenzyme q, coq) fraction because atovaquone, a h ... | 1996 | 8640186 |
| an arrayed bacteriophage p1 genomic library of pneumocystis carinii. | we have constructed an arrayed, large insert, multiple coverage genomic library of pneumocystis carinii dna using the bacteriophage p1 cloning system. the library consists of approximately 4800 independent clones with an average insert size of approximately 55 kbp individually arrayed in 50 microtiter plates, and is readily screened on ten or fewer microtiter plate-sized filters using a high density colony replicating device. screening of the library for unique p. carinii sequences detected an a ... | 1996 | 8640187 |
| signal transduction in pneumocystis carinii: characterization of the genes (pcg1) encoding the alpha subunit of the g protein (pcg1) of pneumocystis carinii carinii and pneumocystis carinii ratti. | pneumocystis carinii is a eukaryotic organism that causes pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts. the cell biology and life cycle of the organism are poorly understood primarily because of the lack of a continuous in vitro cultivation system. these limitations have prevented investigation of the organism's infectious cycle and hindered the rational development of new antimicrobial therapies and implementation of measures to prevent exposure to the organism or transmission. the interaction of p. ca ... | 1996 | 8641768 |
| fatty acid composition of the major phospholipids of pneumocystic carinii: comparison with those in the lungs of normal and methylprednisolone-immunosuppressed rats. | large numbers of viable organisms can be isolated from the corticosteroid-immunosuppressed rat model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. with the development of purification protocols that provide organism preparations of high purity, meaningful lipid biochemical analyses of this important opportunistic pathogen can now be conducted. the phospholipid class composition of the pathogen was reported earlier, together with observations of changes that occur in the rat lungs in response to methylpredn ... | 1996 | 8606108 |
| natural history of opportunistic disease in an hiv-infected urban clinical cohort. | to determine the effect of contemporary clinical care on the natural history of opportunistic disease in an urban population infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | 1996 | 8607591 |
| pulmonary infections in liver transplant recipients receiving tacrolimus. changing pattern of microbial etiologies. | pulmonary infections are a significant cause of morbidity after liver transplantation; gram-negative bacilli, cytomegalovirus, and pneumocystis carinii were the usual pulmonary pathogens in the earlier studies in liver transplant recipients receiving cyclosporine. we prospectively assessed the impact of pulmonary infection in 101 consecutive liver transplant recipients receiving the new immunosuppressive agent tacrolimus (fk506). fifteen percent (15/101) of the patients had 19 episodes of pneumo ... | 1996 | 8610349 |
| comparison of three regimens for treatment of mild to moderate pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids. a double-blind, randomized, trial of oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, dapsone-trimethoprim, and clindamycin-primaquine. actg 108 study group. | to compare the tolerability and efficacy of three oral regimens for the treatment of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1996 | 8610948 |
| disease in children infected with hiv in abidjan, côte d'ivoire. | to document the range of disease in african children infected with hiv. | 1996 | 8611829 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with an atypical granulomatous response. | pneumonia due to pneumocystis carinii may present atypical radiographic and pathologic findings. we report the case of a 32-year-old man with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) whose chest roentgenogram showed a bilateral diffuse nodular pattern suggestive of miliary tuberculosis. diagnosis ultimately required open lung biopsy, which showed evidence of an atypical granulomatous reaction with pneumocystis carinii in the absence of other organisms. p carinii pneumonia must be considered in ... | 1996 | 8614882 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in africa. | 1996 | 8602081 |