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gangliosides as binding sites in sa-11 rotavirus infection of llc-mk2 cells.the chemical nature of receptors involved in the attachment of simian rotavirus (sa-11) to a monkey kidney cell line (llc-mk2) was investigated. enzymic treatment of cells before virus infection indicated that membrane proteins and phospholipids are not involved in virus attachment, whereas sialic acid and galactose participate in the receptor structure to differing extents. incubation of sa-11 with bovine brain gangliosides before infection strongly reduced its ability to bind to cell membranes ...19911655958
the prevalence of enteric pathogens in diarrhoeic thoroughbred foals in britain and ireland.a survey of 77 normal and 326 diarrhoeic foals in britain and ireland from 1987 to 1989 revealed a significantly higher prevalence of group a rotaviruses and aeromonas hydrophila in diarrhoeic foals. the prevalence of cryptosporidia, potentially pathogenic escherichia coli, yersinia enterocolitica and clostridium perfringens was similar in normal or diarrhoeic foals. rotaviruses had a similar prevalence in all age groups of scouring foals up to three months of age, with an overall prevalence of ...19911663866
collagenase of clostridium perfringens type a: degradation of human complement component c1q.the semipurified collagenases from clostridium perfringens type a strains 2-cli and atcc 13124, both characterized by molecular weights of 79.4 kilodaltons, partially degraded purified human complement (c) component c1q. the following purified human serum proteins were refractory: c components c3, c4, c5, c6, c7, c8, and c9; immunoglobulin (ig)a (from colostrum), igg, and igm; alpha 2-macroglobulin, haptoglobin, and c-reactive protein.19911665065
enterotoxaemia in dogs. 19911746124
kinetic mechanism of clostridium perfringens phospholipase c. hydrolysis of a thiophosphate analogue of lysophosphatidylcholine.the hydrolysis of s-[2-(hexadecanoyloxy)ethyl]thiophosphocholine (i), an analogue of lysophosphatidylcholine, by clostridium perfringens phospholipase c, was followed at ph 7.5, 37 degrees c and i 1.0 (maintained with kcl), in a continuous assay, by monitoring the reduction of 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) at 412 nm. simple saturation kinetics are observed with linear mixed-type slope-intercept effects for the hydrolysis of compound (i) with variable [ca2+] at fixed concentrations of comp ...19911747114
enterotoxaemia in cats. 19911750183
bacteriological quality of potable water sources supplying morogoro municipality and its outskirts: a case study in tanzania.bacteriological quality of potable water supplying morogoro municipality and its outskirts (population 135,000 people) was assessed by the determination of the most probable number (mpn) of faecal coliforms, escherichia coli, faecal streptococci and clostridium perfringens for a period of 6 months. river water and chlorinated pipeborne water were found contaminated with microorganisms in the order of 3.8 x 10(1) to 4.95 x 10(3); 3.2 x 10(1) to 4.5 x 10(3); 10(1) to 6.4 x 10(1) and 1.2 x 10(1) to ...19911752297
successful antibiotic therapy of clostridial septic arthritis in a patient with bilateral total hip prostheses.we report a case of clostridial bacteraemia with infection of a prosthetic hip joint. the patient was successfully treated with iv benzyl penicillin and fucidin followed by oral amoxycillin and probenecid, without surgical intervention. she had no recurrence of her infection in the 19 months before her death. this is believed to be the first reported case of clostridial infection affecting a prosthetic joint.19911753138
virulence of clinical and fecal isolates of clostridium perfringens type a for outbred nmri mice.twelve clinical and 102 fecal isolates from healthy carriers of clostridium perfringens type a were tested for virulence in juvenile, outbred nmri mice (intramuscular route). there were marked differences (up to 1,000-fold) in virulence among strains of both groups of isolates. on average, clinical isolates were not more virulent than fecal isolates. fresh epinephrine (10 micrograms/mouse and given concurrently with bacterial inocula) significantly augmented virulence. the murine model of hill a ...19911760942
[biological and pharmacological properties of clostridium perfringens alpha toxin]. 19911762173
growth, sporulation and enterotoxin production by clostridium perfringens type a in the presence of human bile salts.the effect of human bile juice and bile salts (sodium cholate, sodium taurocholate, sodium glycochenodeoxycholate and sodium chenodeoxycholate) on growth, sporulation and enterotoxin production by enterotoxin-positive and enterotoxin-negative strains of clostridium perfringens was determined. each bile salt inhibited growth to a different degree. a mixture of bile salts completely inhibited the growth of enterotoxin-positive strains of this organism. human bile juice completely inhibited the gro ...19911769549
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for rapid detection of toxins from clostridium perfringens.an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with antibodies specific to beta, epsilon and iota ib toxins of clostridium perfringens was developed to detect beta, epsilon and iota ib toxins, respectively. the elisa was sensitive enough to detect as little as 1.0 ng/ml of purified beta and iota ib toxins and 0.1 ng/ml of purified epsilon toxin. by means of the elisa method, 192 isolates of c. perfringens from food samples in japan and thailand, and 58 isolates from patients suffering from gas gan ...19911769554
evaluation of the proposed interaction of nucleic acid with clostridium difficile toxins a and b and the effects of nucleases on cytotoxicity.both dna and rna were found to co-purify with clostridium difficile toxin b but not toxin a. dnaase treatment greatly reduced the cytotoxicity of toxin b but not of toxin a. rnaase had no effect on either toxin. the effects on toxin b were shown to be due to a contaminating protease and could be inhibited by the serine protease inhibitor phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride.19911769556
a cytolysin, theta-toxin, preferentially binds to membrane cholesterol surrounded by phospholipids with 18-carbon hydrocarbon chains in cholesterol-rich region.we have previously suggested the existence of two distinctive states of cholesterol in erythrocyte and lymphoma cell membranes as revealed by high- and low-affinity binding sites for theta-toxin of clostridium perfringens [ohno-iwashita, y., iwamoto, m., mitsui, k., ando, s., & nagai, y. (1988) eur. j. biochem. 176, 95-101; ohno-iwashita, y., iwamoto, m., ando, s., mitsui, k., & iwashita, s. (1990) biochim. biophys. acta 1023, 441-448]. to understand factor(s) which determine membrane cholestero ...19911769965
[massive intravascular hemolysis in septicemia caused by clostridium perfringens].a case of massive haemolytic anaemia in the course of a c. perfringens sepsis of hepatic origin is presented. the diagnosis was strongly suggested by the presence of intragranulocytic capsulated bacilli in a giemsa stained peripheral blood smear. the patient developed disseminated intravascular coagulation. the outcome was fatal and the patient died eight hours after admission. we review the aetiopathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of haemolysis in clostridium perfringens infections.19911776111
bacterial interactions in the intestine of the newborn delivered by cesarean section.the purpose of this study was to clarify the role of the intestinal anaerobic bacteria colonizing the intestine of the newborn delivered by cesarean section. control of the intestinal microecology is dependent on many factors including intestinal peristalsis, the intraluminal environment, and microbial interactions, that deter the overgrowth of pathogens populations. numerous factors help achieve this normal balance. the effect of feeding seems to induce bacteriological changes.19911776777
the presence of enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens strains in faeces of various animals.the presence of clostridium perfringens in faeces of horses, cattle, poultry and pigs was determined. c. perfringens was detected in 24%, 36%, 80% and 2% of the faecal samples, respectively. faecal samples containing enterotoxigenic strains as assessed by colony hybridization amounted to 14%, 22%, 10% and 0% respectively.19911777387
molecular genetics and pathogenesis of clostridium perfringens.clostridium perfringens is the causative agent of a number of human diseases, such as gas gangrene and food poisoning, and many diseases of animals. recently significant advances have been made in the development of c. perfringens genetics. studies on bacteriocin plasmids and conjugative r plasmids have led to the cloning and analysis of many c. perfringens genes and the construction of shuttle plasmids. the relationship of antibiotic resistance genes to similar genes from other bacteria has bee ...19911779929
phospholipase c-induced anion secretion and its interaction with carbachol in the rat colonic mucosa.phospholipase c (plc) from clostridium perfringens induced a biphasic increase in short-circuit current (isc) in the rat colon. the isc rose rapidly to a transient peak, before it increased again to a plateau lasting for several hours. ion replacement experiments and sensitivity to furosemide or a cl- channel blocker indicated that plc induced cl- secretion. the first peak was suppressed by indomethacin, indicating mediation by prostaglandins. in contrast, the second phase was only partially sen ...19911782989
a continuous fluorometric assay for phospholipase c from clostridium perfringens.a fluorescent assay for clostridium perfringens phospholipase c is described using 1-palmitoyl-2-[6(pyren-1-yl)hexanoyl]-sn-glycero-3- phospho-n-(trinitrophenyl)aminoethanol (pphte) as the substrate. this method is based on the decrease of the quenching of pyrene monomer fluorescence when phospholipase c hydrolyzes pphte into pyrenediglyceride and phospho(trinitrophenyl)-aminoethanol. the hydrolysis of egg lecithin/pphte (25:1 molar ratio) substrate by c. perfringens phospholipase c was linear w ...19911790580
an alternative to the toxin neutralization assay in mice for the potency testing of the clostridium tetani, clostridium septicum, clostridium novyi type b and clostridium perfringens type d epsilon components of multivalent sheep vaccines.potency testing of veterinary vaccines containing clostridial antigens currently requires the vaccination of laboratory rabbits followed by the determination of specific antitoxin concentration in the rabbit sera by toxin neutralization test in mice. elisas are described as an alternative method to toxin neutralization for the determination of clostridium tetani, clostridium septicum, clostridium novyi type b and clostridium perfringens type d epsilon antitoxins. the assays were found to be rapi ...19911797039
[clostridium perfringens in the oral saliva in galvanism].clostridia perfringens are much more frequently isolated from galvanism patients than other microorganisms. this fact should be not omitted by physicians, for these bacteria may induce a specific infectious process.19911798982
a study of the bacterial and parasitic causes of acute diarrhoea in northern jordan.the prevalence of bacterial and parasitic diarrhoeagenic agents in 200 patients suffering from acute diarrhoea and reporting to hospitals and health centres in northern jordan, and in controls was determined. one or more bacterial or parasitic enteropathogens was isolated from 79 patients (39.5%). prevalence rates for these pathogens was as follows: enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, 9%; enteropathogenic e. coli, 9%; salmonella spp. 7%; campylobacter spp, 5.5%; yersinia enterocolitica, 4.5%; shig ...19911800560
immunobiology of clostridium perfringens type a: passive protection of nmri mice. western blot analysis of immunoreactive polypeptides.polyvalent, equine antitoxin (250 iu/mouse) passively protected nmri mice against 7 of 9 challenge strains of clostridium perfringens type a. two human immunoglobulin g (igg) preparations (polyglobin n and sandoglobulin) and two rabbit immune sera prepared against formalinized cells of c. perfringens were ineffective. cell homogenates of 4 c. perfringens strains revealed more than 15 polypeptides in sds-page electropherograms; the molecular weights ranged from 138 to 14.4 kd. normal human serum ...19911804593
[the mechanism of action of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin]. 19911805042
inhibition of the clostridium perfringens phospholipase c hydrolysis of a thiophosphate analog of lysophosphatidylcholine by micelle-bound ammonium and sulfonium cations.cetyltrimethylammonium and n-octadecyldimethylsulfonium bromides inhibit the clostridium perfringens phospholipase c-catalyzed hydrolysis of 1-s-phosphocholine-2-o-hexadecanoyl-1-mercapto-2-ethanol (1) at ph 7.5, 37 degrees c, mu = 0.15 with kcl. mixed micelles containing 1 and either inhibitor are substrates for the enzyme and the fraction of activity remaining is a monotonic, but non-linear function of the mole fraction of inhibitor. simple saturation kinetics are observed as the concentration ...19911805098
clostridial infection as a cause of fulminant congenital sepsis neonatorum. 19911814298
isolation of a fibroblast mutant resistant to clostridium difficile toxins a and b.a mutant of chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (don cells), resistant against clostridium difficile toxins a and b, was isolated after mutagenization with ethylmethanesulphonate and a two-step selection with toxin b. the mutant, termed cdtr-q, was 10(4) times more resistant to toxin b than wild-type cells and cross-resistant to toxin a (10(3) times more resistant). the resistance was overcome by increasing the dose of toxin. the resistance has been stable after cultivation for 40 generations in th ...19911816487
predisposing factors in enterotoxemias of camels (camelus dromedarius) caused by clostridium perfringens type a.c. perfringens type a was isolated from different organs and intestines from breeding and racing camels which died from peracute and acute enterotoxemias in two separate outbreaks. pathological changes in the digestive tract were mild in breeding camels, and severe in racing camels. a polyvalent clostridial antiserum of bovine origin given intravenously had a life-saving effect on breeding camels, but not on racing camels. in the two outbreaks, fifty percent of the breeding camels were suffering ...19911818358
proposed scheme for isolation and identification of clostridium perfringens and clostridium perfringens-like organisms.the properties of 220 strains of clostridium perfringens and clostridium perfringens-like organisms were studied. a scheme was designed for the identification of these strains. the scheme was based on the presence/or absence of lecithinase enzyme, synergestic haemolysis with streptococcus group b toxin, their inhibition with appropriate antisera and reaction in the lactose gelatin nitrate motility test (lgnm) with the fermentation of a few sugars.19911818359
local beneficial effect of coumarin in experimental peritonitis.coumarin, a potent immune stimulant and macrophage activator, has been used to treat brucellosis and as an immune suppressor. the effect of coumarin and systemic antibiotics on septicaemia, survival and peritoneal contamination in experimental peritonitis was assessed. four groups of male sprague-dawley rats were inoculated with clostridium perfringens, escherichia coli and bacteroides fragilis. group a received saline alone, group b received coumarin alone, group c received antibiotics (clindam ...19911824392
population of salmonella serovar typhimurium in the cecum of gnotobiotic chickens with escherichia coli and intestinal bacteria.to test the interaction between various species of bacteria and salmonella serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium), the population of s. typhimurium was measured in the cecum of gnotobiotic chickens in the presence of escherichia coli (e. coli) and one of the four intestinal bacteria; lactobacillus acidophilus. clostridium perfringens, bifidobacterium thermophilum and bacteroides vulgatus. competitive exclusion of s. typhimurium by di-flora chicken was not demonstrated. but the population of s. typ ...19911830793
use of an indirect haemagglutination test for the detection of clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin.an indirect haemagglutination (ih) test is described for the detection of clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin, produced by strains isolated from human cases of food poisoning and from contaminated food. though no strict relationship could be observed between titers in the ih test and the time it took mice to die from the intravenous inoculation of mice (iim test), results of the supernatants examined by both methods demonstrated that the ih test was more sensitive than the iim one. no uns ...19911842397
detection of clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin in faecal and food samples using immunomagnetic separation (ims)-elisa.a simple, rapid and sensitive immunoassay, based on immunomagnetic particles (dynabeads m-280) was developed for detection and quantitation of clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin from faecal and food extracts. the assay had a detection limit of 2.5 ng/ml enterotoxin in homogenates of faeces and inoculated meat extracts. the specificity was confirmed by both crossed immunoelectrophoresis and western immunoblotting techniques, using a purified enterotoxin as standard.19911854600
[study on ursodeoxycholic acid biotransformation by three strains of clostridia].using the improved tlc procedure, we measured the conversion rates of ursodeoxycholic acid(udca) from chenodeoxycholic acid (cdca) by 3 strains of clostridia--c. perfringens hs-10, c. butyricum dl-20 and lq-29 isolated. the orthogonal test was used to determine the optical conditions of biotransformation for hs-10. it was found that the conversion rate of udca by hs-10 was over 80% during 6-48 h in rcm medium containing 0.2 mmol/l cdca. the udca conversion rates were still over 70% when the cdca ...19911862653
[antimicrobial activity of ornidazole and 6 other antibiotics against anaerobic bacteria].the antimicrobial susceptibility of 235 anaerobic bacterial strains to ornidazole, metronidazole, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, penicillin, cefoxitin and imipenem has been studied using agar-dilution technique. ornidazole and metronidazole were active against 88.6% and 86% of gram-positive cocci. overall, 99.1% of bacteroides group fragilis, and 91.3% of non-fragilis bacteroides were also sensitive to both drugs. we did not find any clostridium perfringens resistant strain. cefoxitin and penicil ...19911863621
newly documented antimicrobial activity of quinolones.the improved antimicrobial activity of newer fluoroquinolones and novel applications recently found for the drugs already marketed are reviewed. several new compounds are more active against gram-positive bacteria than the presently marketed fluoroquinolones. win 57273, the most potent compound in vitro on a weight basis, is 16 to 128 times more active than ciprofloxacin against various staphylococci, streptococci, enterococcus spp., corynebacterium spp., listeria monocytogenes and bacillus spp. ...19911864284
nosocomial infections of ocular conjunctiva in newborns delivered by cesarian section.colonization of the ocular conjunctiva in newborns delivered by cesarian section occurs usually within the first day of life. we have studied the flora of the ocular conjunctiva at birth, from 19 newborns delivered by cesarian section, coming from two different maternity hospitals. ocular conjunctiva cultures yielded the main predominant flora in both maternity hospitals considered. the most common genus of this flora are: staphylococcus, corynebacterium and propionibacterium acnes. peptostrepto ...19911870845
[behavior of clostridium perfringens in the intestine of newborn infants born by cesarean section].colonization of the digestive tract by c. perfringens was studied in infants born by cesarean section. correlations between the level of colonization and the environment, type of feeding, and presence of other anaerobic bacteria were looked for. colonization by c. perfringens was found as early as the second day of life in one of the maternity wards studied, suggesting presence of the microorganism in the environment. by the 14th day of life, colonization with c. perfringens was demonstrated in ...19911872527
the microflora of the lower respiratory tract of the horse: an autopsy study.a series of 31 thoroughbreds and 18 non-thoroughbreds was examined post mortem to assess what bacteria might be present in the lower respiratory tract, and to assess their significance by correlating the bacteriological findings with histological changes in the lung. the distal trachea and seven representative lung sites were swabbed in each case. sixty-six per cent of the sites were sterile with remaining sites producing scanty growths of mainly coagulase negative staphylococcus spp., e. coli, ...19911878768
excretion of enterotoxin-producing clostridium perfringens in feces by patients during and after diarrhea.the excretion in the feces of clostridium perfringens producing enterotoxin by 48 patients in 3 cases of food poisoning was studied during the illness and 1 and 3 months after the onset. patients in the first outbreak excreted such strains mostly in the form of spores. in the second outbreak, spores and viable count cells were excreted in nearly equal numbers, and about 50% of the spores were enterotoxigenic. in the third outbreak, the strains were detected both as spores and as viable count cel ...19911880448
gas gangrene. 19911884064
cloning, mapping, and molecular characterization of the rrna operons of clostridium perfringens.all 10 rrna operons have been situated on the genome map of the anaerobic pathogen clostridium perfringens. four of these have been cloned and partially sequenced, and their transcriptional patterns in vivo and in vitro have been examined. expression of rrna, rrnb, and rrne is directed by tandem promoters, p1 and p2, whereas rrnh is the only one to be expressed from a single promoter, which resembles p1. on inspection of the nucleotide sequences of the control regions, several sites which might ...19911885522
differences in signs and lesions in sheep and goats with enterotoxemia induced by intraduodenal infusion of clostridium perfringens type d.enterotoxemia was induced in 4 lambs and 4 goat kids by continuous intraduodenal infusion of a whole culture of clostridium perfringens type d. clinical signs, hematologic values, biochemical alterations, and postmortem lesions in the lambs and goat kids were compared. the 4 lambs and 4 goat kids died within 25 hours of beginning the infusions. lesions were not observed in the gastrointestinal tract of the 4 lambs; however, severe hemorrhagic enterocolitis was found in the 4 goat kids. this diff ...19911892271
[liver abscess after elective cholecystectomy].the authors submit the case-history of a 39-year-old patient with elective cholecystectomy where the immediate postoperative course was complicated by a liver abscess. the authors discuss aetiological factors, diagnosis and treatment of liver abscesses. in the conclusion they submit a proposal of atb prophylaxis in severe inflammations of the gallbladder and biliary pathways. in the department of the authors atb prophylaxis is not used before elective cholecystectomy.19911896899
[bacterial enterotoxins: structure, mode of action].the enterotoxins are macro-proteins, produced by enterotoxic bacterial strains acting in the human or animal intestine during digestive infections. in most cases, they induce diarrhoea (associated or not with tissue damage). these molecules differ in their structure and mechanism of action. some of them (cholera toxin, escherichia coli lt) activate a cyclase system (adenylate or guanylate cyclase), inducing water and electrolyte flux in the gut. conversely, others (toxins a and b, clostridium di ...19911897866
[the occurrence of enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens strains in the feces of dogs and cats].a total of 147 faecal specimen of dogs and cats was examined with cultural method for the occurrence of cl. perfringens and its enterotoxin by using a reversed passive latex agglutination test (pet-rpla). cl. perfringens could be detected in 77.9% of the samples of dogs (n = 68) and 65.6% of cats (n = 32) with diarrhoea in germ counts of 10(4)-10(10) cfu/g faeces. in the group of non diarrhoeic dogs (n = 39) and cats (n = 8) cl. perfringens was found in 53.9% and 50% of the samples, the germ cou ...19911898321
a recombinant, membrane-acting immunotoxin.the anti-tac antibody is known to bind to the p55 chain of the human interleukin 2 receptor. an immunotoxin was produced by genetically linking clostridium perfringens phospholipase c (plc) to the fab domain of anti-tac. for this purpose, the plc gene, with its own promoter and signal sequence, was fused to the 5' end of the vhch1 segment of the anti-tac heavy chain gene. the anti-tac light chain gene, with an attached bacterial signal sequence, was made part of the same transcriptional unit. es ...19911898711
travelers' diarrhea among united states military personnel during joint american-egyptian armed forces exercises in cairo, egypt.a study was conducted of travelers' diarrhea in a united states military population on deployment in cairo, egypt, during july and august 1987. acute diarrhea requiring medical attention developed in 183 (4%) of 4,500 troops. a possible etiologic agent was identified in 49% of all diarrhea cases. enteric pathogens associated with cases of diarrhea included: enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (17% st-producers, 13% lt-producers, and 3% lt/st-producers); shigella (9%); campylobacter spp. (2%); salmo ...19911900113
hemolytic and sphingomyelinase activities of clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin are dependent on a domain homologous to that of an enzyme from the human arachidonic acid pathway.the n-terminal domain of clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin, homologous with the nontoxic phospholipase c of bacillus cereus, was expressed in escherichia coli and shown to retain all of the phosphatidylcholine hydrolyzing activity of the alpha-toxin, but not the sphingomyelinase, hemolytic, or lethal activities. the c-terminal domain of alpha-toxin showed sequence and predicted structural homologies with the n-terminal region of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase, an enzyme from the human arachidonic ...19911902199
influence of bacteria on clostridium perfringens infections in young chickens.when monoflora chickens with lactobacillus acidophilus or streptococcus faecalis were inoculated with clostridium perfringens either in broth culture or resuspended in gifu anaerobic medium broth or supernatant fluid, few or no chickens died. approximately 50% of germ-free chickens died after inoculation of c. perfringens culture, whereas no conventional birds died after inoculation of broth culture. c. perfringens in the contents of duodenum from germ-free chickens numbered about 10(4) colony-f ...19911903033
demonstration of transient bacterobilia by foreign body implantation in feline biliary tract.the biliary tract of cats is known to be free of autochthonous bacteria above the sphincter of oddi. in this experiment we investigated whether transient bacterobilia occurs in the biliary system under normal conditions. polyethylene tubes and human cholesterol stones were implanted surgically into the gallbladder of cats. sham cholecystostomy was performed as control operation. these cats were euthanized at two, six, and 12 weeks, and the implants were removed, cultured, and studied by scanning ...19911906397
inhibition of clostridium tyrobutyricum by bacteriocin-like substances produced by lactic acid bacteria.lactic acid bacteria were selected for their inhibitory activity against clostridium tyrobutyricum under conditions that eliminate the effects of lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide. four strains were isolated belonging to the species lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis. the sensitivity of the inhibitory substances to pronase and trypsine indicates that they are proteins or peptides different from nisin. their resistance to phospholipase d indicates that they are also different from lactostrepcin. the ...19911907300
the effect of pediococcus damnosus and pediococcus pentosaceus on the growth of pathogens in minced meat.the antibacterial effects of one strain of pediococcus damnosus and two strains of pediococcus pentosacaeus against clostridium perfringens, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella infantis and yersinia enterocolitica were investigated. growth inhibition studies were conducted in juice from minced meat incubated at +6 degrees c and +15 degrees c for various periods after the inoculation with pediococci. inhibitory effects were seen for all bacteria tested.19911907475
the occurrence and growth of microorganisms during the fermentation of fish sausage.minced fish (mullet) sausage mixes containing added sugar, salt, nitrate, nitrite and spices were fermented (48 h, 30 degrees c) by indigenous flora or by a starter culture (pediococcus acidilactici) and the microbial ecology and behaviour of various bacteria was monitored. pediococcus pentosaceus and lactobacillus plantarum dominated the indigenous fermentation, achieving populations of 10(7)-10(8) cfu/g by 48 h, and decreasing the ph of the mix to 4.5-4.7. significant growth (10(5)-10(7) cfu/g ...19911909546
optically detected triplet-state magnetic resonance studies of the dna complexes of the bisquinoline analogue of echinomycin.the polymeric dna and model duplex oligonucleotide complexes of the bisquinoline analogue of echinomycin (2qn) have been studied by optical detection of triplet-state magnetic resonance (odmr) spectroscopy, with the quinoline chromophores of the drug used as intrinsic probes. plots of odmr transition frequencies versus monitored wavelength revealed heterogeneity in the phosphorescence emission of 2qn which was ascribed to the presence of a major and minor conformation of the drug in aqueous solu ...19911911753
symposium on microbiology update: old friends and new enemies. clostridium perfringens.in the united states and canada, clostridium perfringens remains a leading cause of bacterial food poisoning in humans. it has been primarily associated with meat and poultry products prepared in food service establishments. fecal spore levels of 10(6) or more per g are considered indicative of a food poisoning outbreak. however, elevated spore levels of this organism are frequently seen in healthy elderly individuals, an observation that complicates investigations of suspected outbreaks. recent ...19911917822
lectin-binding properties of the surfaces of in vitro-transformed schistosoma mansoni and echinostoma paraensei sporocysts.as carbohydrates on the surfaces of sporocysts of digenetic trematodes may be targets of attack by the molluscan internal defense system, the lectin-binding patterns of living, in vitro-transformed sporocysts of schistosoma mansoni and echinostoma paraensei were characterized. schistosoma mansoni sporocysts specifically bound 8 and e. paraensei 6 of 11 lectins examined. sporocysts of the 2 species responded differently to 7 of the 11 lectins. lectins inhibitable by mannose, galactose, and n-acet ...19911919922
characterization of two bacteriocins produced by clostridium perfringens.two types of bacteriocins were shown to be produced in succession by a strain of clostridium perfringens sn-17. they were separated by diethylaminoethyl cellulose (deae) column chromatography at ph 8.5 with a linear concentration gradient of nacl. one type of bacteriocin (named sn-a) was eluted at 0.07 m and the other type (named sn-b) was at 0.12 m. each of these was partially purified in a series of column chromatographies: deae, sephadex g-200 (or bio gel p-150), and hydroxyapatite. specific ...19911921758
effect of clostridium perfringens alpha toxin on contraction of isolated guinea-pig diaphragm.the effect of clostridium perfringens alpha toxin on contraction induced by electric stimulation of isolated guinea-pig diaphragm was investigated. the toxin inhibited electrically stimulated contraction of the tissue in a dose- and incubation time-dependent manner. tetrodotoxin resulted in no effect of the action of the toxin. nifedipine dose-dependently delayed the action of the toxin, but verapamil and diltiazem did not. on the other hand, treatment of the toxin with n-acetylimidazole caused ...19911921763
adherence of helicobacter pylori to gastric carcinoma cells: analysis by flow cytometry.an in vitro assay using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry for quantitative assessment of the adherence of helicobacter pylori to cultured human gastric carcinoma (kato iii) cells was developed. adherence was rapid, saturable, energy dependent, mannose resistant, and significantly inhibited by fetuin, a glycoprotein containing n-acetylneuraminyllactose. pretreatment of kato cells with neuraminidase from clostridium perfringens, however, did not reduce adherence of h. pylori. ultrastructurally ...19911925306
pathodynamics of intoxication in rats and mice by enterotoxin of clostridium perfringens type a.the pathodynamics of lethal intoxication in rats and mice by i.v. administration of enterotoxin of clostridium perfringens type a was studied using whole animals and isolated organs. a lethal i.v. dose (50 micrograms/kg) of enterotoxin killed anesthetized rats and mice within 4-15 min. rapid changes of ecg pattern suggestive of hyperpotassemia, rapid fall of blood pressure and transient hyperpnea followed by respiratory depression were observed. analysis of plasma levels of cations revealed hype ...19911926176
chymotrypsin treatment increases the activity of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin.chymotrypsin treatment of the enterotoxin from clostridium perfringens results in the loss of 36 amino acids from the n-terminus and 3 amino acids from the c-terminus. this processing results in a 3.2 fold increase in activity on vero cells, which is close to what had been found for trypsin treatment following the loss of 25 amino acids from the n-terminus.19911926189
effect of intraperitoneal administration of oxygen on the course of experimentally induced peritonitis.over the first 3 days of experimentally induced peritonitis, 40 rabbits were given oxygen intraperitoneally (ip) up to a pressure of 3 to 5 mm hg in the peritoneal cavity at 12-hour intervals. compared with a control group, significant differences were recorded in the mortality rate within the studied 7-day period of peritonitis (p less than 0.05). in 29 rabbits with intraperitoneal administration of oxygen, the size of the area that formed the inner wall of the abscess cavity was significantly ...19911928583
nucleotide sequence and phylogeny of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase encoded by the plasmid pscs7 from staphylococcus aureus.the nucleotide sequence of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (cat) and its regulatory region, encoded by the plasmid pscs7 from staphylococcus aureus, was determined. the structural cat gene encoded a protein of 209 amino acids, which represented one monomer of the enzyme chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat). comparisons between the amino acid sequences of the pscs7-encoded cat from s. aureus and the previously sequenced cat variants from s. aureus, staphylococcus intermedius, staphy ...19911929326
successful prophylaxis of clostridium perfringens endophthalmitis. 19911929949
septic arthritis due to clostridium welchii. 19911937740
phospholipase c from clostridium perfringens stimulates formation and release of platelet-activating factor (paf-acether) in cultured intestinal epithelial cells (int 407).this study demonstrates the ability of phospholipase c from clostridium perfringens to stimulate the generation of platelet-activating factor (paf-acether) in cultured intestinal epithelial cells (int 407). cells were exposed to phospholipase c for up to 60 min, and the content of paf-acether within the cells and in the extracellular medium was determined. phospholipase c caused a time-dependent formation of paf-acether within the cells and also release of paf-acether to the medium. in contrast, ...19911947765
clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxaemia in pigs: a report of five cases.enterotoxaemia caused by clostridium perfringens type a in five intensively managed pigs is reported. the condition was precipitated by constipative digestive disturbance. diarrhoea was not observed in the five animals before death.19911959021
an upstream regulatory sequence stimulates expression of the perfringolysin o gene of clostridium perfringens.the structural gene for perfringolysin o (pfoa), a thiol-activated hemolysin of clostridium perfringens, was cloned into escherichia coli jm109 on a 4.6-kilobase (kb) ecori-ndei fragment which contained the 1.7-kb pfoa gene and an upstream 2.9-kb region. an e. coli strain transformed by this plasmid produced 20-fold more perfringolysin o than a strain containing only the 1.7-kb pfoa gene. the stimulatory effect of the upstream region on in vivo expression of the pfoa gene was further analyzed by ...19911987025
emphysematous gastritis in a horse.a 12-year-old morgan gelding was examined for colic of 3 days duration. signs of depression, colic, diarrhea, and endotoxemia persisted despite aggressive medical therapy and surgical exploration. culture results from gastric fluid and feces yielded many colonies of clostridium perfringens. this organism also was recovered from peritoneal fluid 10 days after admission; consequently, the horse was euthanized. at necropsy, a localized gas-filled, necrotic stomach wall was found; many mucosal and s ...19911993393
clostridial bacteremia in cancer patients. a 12-year experience.over 12 years, 136 episodes of bacteremia caused by clostridial species were documented. eighty-three were monomicrobial, and 53 were polymicrobial. gastrointestinal, genitourinary carcinomas, and acute leukemia were the most common underlying malignancies. septic shock occurred in 29% of monomicrobial bacteremias and 45% of polymicrobial bacteremias and was associated with a high mortality rate. acute hemolysis, gas gangrene, and diffuse spreading cellulitis occurred infrequently but were assoc ...19912004306
clostridium perfringens or klebsiella pneumoniae as the cause of a food-borne outbreak. 19912007653
a recombinant c-terminal toxin fragment provides evidence that membrane insertion is important for clostridium perfringens enterotoxin cytotoxicity.clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) is believed to be involved in several important gastrointestinal illnesses. recent studies have identified a number of distinct molecular events which occur after cpe treatment of eukaryotic cells or isolated membranes. additional studies are underway to determine the temporal order and intrinsic importance of each cpe event for cytotoxicity. we now demonstrate that a truncated cpe fragment binds to membranes, but is unable to insert into membranes or ca ...19912014001
base- and sequence-dependent binding of aristololactam beta-d-glucoside to deoxyribonucleic acid.the dependence on base-pair composition and sequence specificity of the (aristololactam beta-d-glucoside)-dna interaction was examined by spectrophotometric, spectrofluorometric, spectropolarimetric, thermal melting, thermodynamic, and viscometric studies. binding of this alkaloid to various natural and synthetic dnas was dependent upon the base composition and sequences of dna. the binding parameters obtained from spectrophotometric analysis, according to an excluded-site model, indicated a rel ...19912015227
kinetic aspects of the aggregation of clostridium perfringens theta-toxin on erythrocyte membranes. a fluorescence energy transfer study.fluorescence resonance energy transfer was used to monitor aggregation kinetics of the "thiol-activated" cytolysin (perfringolysin o (pfo) or theta-toxin) of clostridium perfringens on erythrocyte membranes. pfo was labeled with the isothiocyanate derivatives of either fluorescein or tetramethylrhodamine. no detectable change in the hemolytic activity of pfo was detected after modification with either fluorophore at a ratio of 1:2 fluorophore molecules/cytolysin molecule. fluorescence energy tra ...19912016307
clostridium perfringens endophthalmitis. 19912021184
purification and characterization of intracellular proteases of clostridium perfringens type a.five intracellular proteases from sporulating cells of clostridium perfringens type a were identified and three could be separated by deae-sephacel. two, i-a and i-b, had caseinolytic activity and one, i-c, was only active on n-benzoyl-dl-arginine-p-nitroanilide. i-a and i-b could each be further separated by sephacryl s-300 into i-a-1 and i-a-2 and i-b-1 and i-b-2, respectively. i-a-1, a chymotrypsin-like enzyme, was the major intracellular protease, constituting 74% of the intracellular casein ...19912021897
application of sialidase antibodies for the diagnosis of clostridial infections.two immunological methods, a sialidase-inhibition test and an elisa, had been developed for a species-specific detection of sialidases (ec 3.2.1.18) secreted by growing cells of clostridium perfringens, c. septicum, and c. sordellii. these assays were applied to samples from the infected tissues and cotton wool plugs soaked with wound exudate from patients suspected to be suffering from gas gangrene. the results from 72 patients were compared with bacteriological investigations of 67 homologous ...19912029788
[detection of clostridium perfringens in mixed infection patient samples using a modified reverse camp test].clostridium perfringes type a is the most common morbifying agent responsible for gas gangrene. for definitive bacteriological diagnosis the germ has to be isolated from contaminants. suppression of contaminating germs by means of a selective rapid culture technique is also useful, but technical more expensive. the modification of the reverse camp-test demonstrated in this paper has the superiority of technical simplicity and is highly sensitive, too. by this method, clostridia are isolated simu ...19912031390
cloning and nucleotide sequence of three genes coding for small, acid-soluble proteins of clostridium perfringens spores.three genes coding for alpha/beta-type small, acid-soluble spore proteins (sasp) have been cloned from clostridium perfringens and their nucleotide sequence determined. the proteins coded for contain 15 and 21 residues identical to those in bacillus and c. bifermentans alpha/beta-type sasp, respectively, as well as many homologous residues. however, the c. perfringens sasp exhibit significant sequence divergence from bacillus and c. bifermentans sasp. these genes may be useful in taxonomic studi ...19912037223
in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of e-4497, a new 3-amine-3-methyl-azetidinyl tricyclic fluoroquinolone.the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of a new tricyclic fluoroquinolone, e-4497 [s(-)-9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(3-amine-3-methyl-azetidin-1-yl)-7-oxo- 2,3-dihydro- 7h-pyrido-(1,2,3-de)-1,4-benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acid], were evaluated in comparison with those of dr-3355 [s-(-)-ofloxacin], norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. e-4497 was more potent than norfloxacin and as potent as or more potent than dr-3355 and ciprofloxacin against staphylococcus spp., streptococcus spp., and enterococcus ...19912039195
relationship between the clostridium perfringens catq gene product and chloramphenicol acetyltransferases from other bacteria.the nucleotide sequence of the clostridium perfringens chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat)-encoding resistance determinant, catq, was determined. an open reading frame encoding a protein of 219 amino acids with a molecular weight of 26,014 was identified. although catq was expressed constitutively, sequences similar in structure to those found upstream of inducible cat genes were observed. the catq gene was distinct from the c. perfringens catp determinant. the deduced catq monomer had consi ...19912039197
distribution of labeled clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin in mice.the in vivo distribution of labeled clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin after i.v. administration to mice was investigated. high amounts of radioactivity were found in the kidneys and the brain, and small amounts were in the heart, lungs, liver and stomach. on the other hand, the prior administration of epsilon prototoxin resulted in significant inhibition of the uptake of the radioactivity in the brain, but no effect in the other organs tested. the labeled prototoxin or toxin was dose-depende ...19912048139
evidence that clostridium perfringens theta-toxin induces colloid-osmotic lysis of erythrocytes.clostridium perfringens theta-toxin was shown to lyse target erythrocytes by a colloid-osmotic mechanism. analysis showed the onset of lysis of erythrocytes by theta-toxin could be temporarily stabilized with 0.3 m sucrose. flow cytometry analysis of the size distribution of theta-toxin-treated erythrocytes showed swelling of the erythrocytes prior to lysis.19912050414
isolation of a tryptic fragment from clostridium perfringens theta-toxin that contains sites for membrane binding and self-aggregation.trypsin cleaves clostridium perfringens theta-toxin (perfringolysin o or pfo) at a single site between residues 303 and 304 (ohno-iwashita, y., iwamoto, m., mitsui, k., kawasaki, h., and ando, s. (1986) biochemistry 25, 6048-6053; tweten, r. k. (1988b) infect. immun. 56, 3228-3234) and yields an amino-terminal fragment of 30,208 da (t1) and a carboxyl-terminal fragment of 22,268 da (t2). both peptides were purified by reverse phase chromatography of trypsin-nicked pfo. neither peptide retained h ...19912061320
pig-bel but no pig: enteritis necroticans acquired in australia.to report a case of enteritis necroticans acquired in australia, and to review the history, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, management and prevention of this disease.19912067439
the pigbel story of papua new guinea.enteritis necroticans (en), known as pigbel in papua new guinea (png), may be the important predisposing lesion to mid-gut volvulus, jejunal and ileal ileus and other forms of small bowel strangulation in communities where protein deprivation, poor food hygiene, epochal meat feasting and staple diets containing trypsin inhibitors co-exist. such human habitats occur in africa, central and south america, western pacific, asian and south-east asian cultures. isolated outbreaks of necrotizing enteri ...19912068739
sonographic demonstration of septicaemia with gas-forming organisms after liver transplantation.sepsis with gas-forming organisms, e.g. clostridium perfringens and anaerobic streptococci occurred in three of 120 liver-transplant recipients (2.5%). the diagnosis was made in all three patients by bedside ultrasound, before blood cultures revealed bacterial growth. floating high amplitude echoes within the extra- and intrahepatic portal veins and persistent small high amplitude echoes in the non-dependent portion of the liver are indicative of portal venous gas and should prompt further labor ...19912070580
[the determination of phospholipase activity using the 31p-nmr spectroscopic method].the authors have developed a rather rapid and convenient method for testing and measurement of phospholipase c (ec 3.1.4.3) activity, based on continuous recording of the signal reduction in 31p-nmr spectrum of lecithin phosphate group (chemical sigma shift = 0.2 parts per million as regards h3po4) or of phosphocholine signal augmentation (sigma = -4 parts per million). this method permits a quantitative estimation of lecithin loss or phosphocholine accrual from the kinetics of integral intensit ...19911710709
the trypanosoma cruzi neuraminidase contains sequences similar to bacterial neuraminidases, ywtd repeats of the low density lipoprotein receptor, and type iii modules of fibronectin.trypanosoma cruzi expresses a developmentally regulated neuraminidase (tcna) implicated in parasite invasion of cells. we isolated full-length dna clones encoding tcna. sequence analysis demonstrated an open reading frame coding for a polypeptide of 1,162 amino acids. in the n-terminus there is a cysteine-rich domain containing a stretch of 332 amino acids nearly 30% identical to the clostridium perfringens neuraminidase, three repeat motifs highly conserved in bacterial and viral neuraminidases ...19911711561
epitope mapping of the alpha-toxin of clostridium perfringens.a panel of monoclonal antibodies specific for the clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin was produced by the fusion of x63.ag8-653 cells with splenocytes from mice immunized either intrasplenically or intraperitoneally with an alpha-toxoid. the toxin-binding activity of each monoclonal antibody was evaluated. the monoclonal antibodies were also screened for their toxin-neutralizing potential in vitro, as determined by the inhibition of phospholipase c and hemolytic activities. in vivo inhibition of ...19911718874
sialic acid removal modulates the myocardial and vascular activity of calcium channel ligands.selective removal of sialic acid from isolated guinea pig left atrial strips and rabbit thoracic aortic ring segments was performed by neuraminidase prepared from clostridium perfringens and was controlled electron microscopically. preincubation of these organs (2 units/ml; 2 hr) resulted in enzyme mediated hydrolysis of total tissue sialic acid; 55.2% for atria and 60.9% for aorta. contractile force of atria and arterial diameter of thoracic aorta were measured isometrically and isotonically by ...19911722670
isolation and characterization of transcripts induced by androgen withdrawal and apoptotic cell death in the rat ventral prostate.a variety of stimuli have been identified which initiate transcription-dependent programmed cell death (apoptosis) in specific target cells. since the withdrawal of androgens induces regression and apoptosis in rat ventral prostate (rvp) epithelial cells, and it is known that the androgen receptor is a transcriptional regulator, we used subtraction cdna cloning to isolate differentially expressed transcripts from the rvp of androgen ablated rats. in addition to sulfated glycoprotein-2 and glutat ...19911723140
the 16s/23s ribosomal spacer region as a target for dna probes to identify eubacteria.variable regions of the 16s ribosomal rna have been frequently used as the target for dna probes to identify microorganisms. in some situations, however, there is very little sequence variation observed between the 16s rrna genes of closely related microorganisms. this study presents a general method to obtain species-specific probes using the spacer (intergenic) region between the 16s and 23s rrna genes. the overall strategy is analogous to that which has previously been developed for the varia ...19911726852
haemagglutinin production by enterotoxigenic strains of clostridium perfringens type a.thirty-nine enterotoxigenic cultures of clostridium perfringens type a were studied for enterotoxin and haemagglutinin production. enterotoxin was quantitated by sandwich elisa and dot-elisa techniques and haemagglutinin titres were determined using sheep and human erythrocytes. haemagglutinins from only six cultures reacted against both sheep and human erythrocytes; a further 13 reacted only against human erythrocytes, and another five only against sheep cells.199124425274
cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin gene and its expression in escherichia coli.the sequence of 20 amino acids from the n terminus of clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin was determined. some differences between this sequence and the previously published sequence (a. s. bhown and a. f. s. a. habeeb, biochem. biophys. res. commun. 78:889-896, 1977) were found. a degenerate 23-bp pair oligonucleotide probe was designed from the amino acid sequence data and used to isolate a dna fragment containing the gene encoding epsilon-toxin (etx) from c. perfringens type b. the gene enc ...19921729175
the characterization of nonbacterial prostatitis: search for an etiology.nonbacterial prostatitis is often difficult to differentiate from other prostatic complaints and remains a vaguely characterized syndrome. prostatic fluid inflammatory cells and elevated immunoglobulins raise the suspicion that this syndrome is caused by some undetected infection. prostatic fluid antibodies against chlamydia trachomatis, ureaplasma urealyticum, staphylococcus, staphylococcus faecalis, bacteroides fragilis and clostridium perfringens were measured in men with nonbacterial and bac ...19921279213
sialyl ligands facilitate lymphocyte accumulation during inflammation of the central nervous system.combined models of cytokine-induced inflammation in the skin and spinal cord of the rat were utilised to demonstrate in vivo that circulating lymphocytes depend upon sialylated adhesion molecules on their surface for maximal recruitment into inflammatory sites in both tissues. when radiolabelled normal spleen cells were incubated with sialidase from vibrio cholerae or clostridium perfringens, or with the specific sialic acid-binding lectin from limax flavus, prior to being washed and injected in ...19921281823
in vitro evaluation of bay y3118, a new full-spectrum fluoroquinolone.bay y3118, 1-cyclopropyl-7-(2,8-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-8-yl)-6-fluoro-8- chloro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid hydrochloride, is a new fluoroquinolone with antibacterial activity against an expanded spectrum of species including staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, and also anaerobes such as bacteriodes fragilis and clostridium perfringens. mic90s for s. aureus, s. epidermid ...19921288961
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