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[shigella endotoxin protein--its electrophoretic and serological properties].the electrophoretic analysis of lipid a-associated protein (lap), obtained from s. sonnei, in polyacrylamide gel in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and urea has revealed the heterogeneity of the preparation; it has found to contain three main components with molecular weights of 43, 38 and 18 kd and some minor components with molecular weights of 49, 45 35, 30, 29, 27, 5, 21 and 14 kd. the electrophoretic mobility of the main protein components in the isolated preparation of lap coincides ...19911882599
[the action of ribosomal preparations on nonspecific resistance to bacterial infection and on early tolerance to endotoxic shock].ribosomal preparations from shigella flexneri and shigella sonnei, introduced parenterally into mice, enhance their resistance to infection with the causative agents of typhoid fever and staphylococci. this effect is considerably less pronounced than that produced by the preparation of homologous lipopolysaccharide isolated by boivin's method. after the administration of ribosomes nonspecific resistance to bacterial infective agents lasts for a short time. ribosomal preparations do not enhance t ...19911882607
effects of lactational status on forage intake, digestibility, and particulate passage rate of beef cows supplemented with soybean meal, wheat middlings, and corn and soybean meal.sixteen mature, lactating (453 kg) and 16 nonlactating (487 kg) hereford and angus x hereford cows were used to determine effects of different dietary supplements and lactational status on forage intake, digestibility, and particulate passage rate. supplement treatments and amounts fed (kg/d) were as follows: control, 0; and equal daily amounts of cp from soybean meal (sbm), 1.36; wheat middlings (wm), 3.41; or a blend of corn and soybean meal (corn-sbm; 22% corn and 76% sbm), 3.41. cows were fe ...19911885374
effects of lactational status on forage intake, digestibility, and particulate passage rate of beef cows supplemented with soybean meal, wheat middlings, and corn and soybean meal.sixteen mature, lactating (453 kg) and 16 nonlactating (487 kg) hereford and angus x hereford cows were used to determine effects of different dietary supplements and lactational status on forage intake, digestibility, and particulate passage rate. supplement treatments and amounts fed (kg/d) were as follows: control, 0; and equal daily amounts of cp from soybean meal (sbm), 1.36; wheat middlings (wm), 3.41; or a blend of corn and soybean meal (corn-sbm; 22% corn and 76% sbm), 3.41. cows were fe ...19911885374
[use of immunofluorescence method in the diagnosis and study of pathogenesis of acute dysentery]. 19911887317
[pathology of the gastrointestinal tract in patients with reactive arthritis and its possible role in the pathogenesis of the disease]. 19911887410
ompb (osmo-regulation) and icsa (cell-to-cell spread) mutants of shigella flexneri: vaccine candidates and probes to study the pathogenesis of shigellosis.genetic and molecular data now available on the pathogenic properties of shigella flexneri allow rational design of live attenuated vaccine strains. the genes required at given steps of the infection process can be selectively mutated to impair the bacterium's capacity to interact with intestinal epithelial cells and/or survive within intestinal tissues in general. we have tested two mutations in s. flexneri serotype 5a (m90t) which, alone or in combination, have yielded promising results when e ...19911887672
[the determination in saliva of iga antibodies to shigella ribosomes for the diagnosis of dysentery].the levels of antiribosomal antibodies to shigella ribosomes in serum and saliva samples from 38 dysentery patients (15 s. sonnei cases and 23 s. flexneri cases), 14 patients with salmonellosis and 136 healthy adults were determined in elisa with ribosomes from s. sonnei r-mutant used as solid-phase antigen. high levels of "normal" antiribosomal iga, igg and igm antibodies were revealed in the sera of healthy persons while the level of salivary iga antibodies was very low. in dysentery infection ...19911887713
[an immunomorphological study of the lymphoid organs in the experimental administration of virulent and avirulent shigella flexneri 2a strains]. 19911887717
simultaneous infection with multiple serotypes of shigellae in a patient.we isolated three different serotypes of shigella on admission from a patient with dysentery as well as a shigella-like organism and campylobacter jejuni upon follow-up. the patient produced serum antibodies to all three serotypes of shigellae.19911889185
[changes in virulence of enterobacteriaceae in the presence of sub-inhibitory levels of antibiotics].the effect of subinhibitory concentrations of antimicrobial agents such as chloramphenicol, tetracycline, rifampicin and nalidixic acid on various factors of virulence in shigella spp. and enteroinvasive colon bacilli was studied. it was shown that under such conditions changes took place in various events of the interaction with the epithelial cells, i.e. in adhesion, penetration, intracellular multiplication and transfers between contacting cells. the total effect of chloramphenicol resulted i ...19911892427
shigella flexneri infection: a histopathologic study of colonic biopsies in monkeys infected with virulent and attenuated bacterial strains.macaca fascicularis monkeys were orally infected with live virulent shigella flexneri wild-type strains of either serotype y (s. flexneri sfl1), 2a (s. flexneri m4243) or 1b (s. flexneri sfl27). clinical signs of shigellosis varied from mild watery diarrhea (sfl1) to dysentery (m4243, sfl27), with a fatal outcome in two monkeys (sfl27). colonoscopy showed slight pathologic changes in monkeys infected with sfl1, and pronounced changes in monkeys infected with sfl27. in colonic biopsies the most s ...19911892634
cytogenesis in the monkey retina.time of cell origin in the retina of the rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta) was studied by plotting the number of heavily radiolabeled nuclei in autoradiograms prepared from 2- to 6-month-old animals, each of which was exposed to a pulse of 3h-thymidine (3h-tdr) on a single embryonic (e) or postnatal (p) day. cell birth in the monkey retina begins just after e27, and approximately 96% of cells are generated by e120. the remaining cells are produced during the last (approximately 45) prenatal days an ...19911894769
effects of interleukin-6, interleukin-2, and tumor necrosis factor alpha on transferrin release from sertoli cells in culture.recent studies demonstrate that several cytokines are potent modulators of steroid release from the testis. in an attempt to determine whether these agents may influence other types of secreted substances, we used plaque assays to measure the effect of interleukin-6 (il-6), interleukin-2 (il-2), and tumor necrosis factor alpha on transferrin (tf) release from sertoli cells in culture. because sertoli cells from different parts of the tubule respond differently to modulatory factors, we used cult ...19911905226
evidence that inhibin plays a major role in the regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion in the fully adult male rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta).in the juvenile male rhesus monkey in which an adult-like pattern of endocrine activity in the pituitary-testicular axis is imposed by pulsatile stimulation with exogenous gnrh, administration of inhibin antiserum elicits a marked and selective hypersecretion of fsh. this finding suggests that in the monkey, testicular inhibin plays a major role in the postpubertal regulation of this gonadotropin. the purpose of the present study was to confirm this view more directly. to this end, 10 adult male ...19911905228
susceptibility of pseudomonas aeruginosa and escherichia coli biofilms towards ciprofloxacin: effect of specific growth rate.methods of cell culture which enable the control of specific growth rate and expression of iron-regulated membrane proteins within gram-negative biofilms were employed for various clinical isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa taken from the sputum of cystic fibrosis patients and of a laboratory strain of escherichia coli. susceptibility towards ciprofloxacin was assessed as a function of growth-rate for intact biofilms, cells resuspended from the biofilms and also for newly formed daughter cells s ...19911905285
umbilical cord occlusion stimulates breathing independent of blood gases and ph.the role of umbilical cord occlusion in the initiation of breathing at birth was investigated by use of 16 unanesthetized fetal sheep near full term. artificial ventilation with high-frequency oscillation was used to control fetal arterial blood gas tensions. at baseline, pco2 was maintained at control fetal values and po2 was elevated to between 25 and 50 torr. in the first study on six intact and four vagotomized fetuses, arterial pco2 and po2 were maintained constant during two 30-min periods ...19911905291
measurement of human cerebral monoamine oxidase type b (mao-b) activity with positron emission tomography (pet): a dose ranging study with the reversible inhibitor ro 19-6327.eight normal subjects (3 females and 5 males) were studied using intravenous l-[11c] deprenyl and positron emission tomography. in a single blind study one subject received tracer alone, one subject received an oral pre-dose of 20 mg of l-deprenyl and 6 subjects received oral pre-doses of 10 to 50 mg of a novel reversible mao-b inhibitor (ro 19-6327). dynamic pet scans beginning 12 h after the oral dose were collected over 90 min and arterial blood was continuously sampled. data analysis was mod ...19911906004
capsaicin inhibits airway hyperresponsiveness but not lipoxygenase activity or eosinophilia after repeated aerosolized antigen in guinea pigs.to evaluate the role of tachykinins in airway hyperresponsiveness following repeated aerosolized antigen challenge in guinea pigs, we treated 12 guinea pigs with capsaicin (105.6 mg cumulative dose given subcutaneously over 5 days) after sensitization to ovalbumin (oa) and before three repeated oa aerosol challenges per wk for 4 to 5 wk. ten guinea pigs received identical oa sensitization and challenges without capsaicin treatment, and four of eight nonsensitized controls received capsaicin foll ...19911907116
studies on the pathogenicity of listeria monocytogenes.the characterization of mutants of listeria monocytogenes with reduced virulence properties is described. reduction in the amount of the extracellular protein p60 (encoded by the ipa gene) leads to cell filaments with impaired invasiveness. mutants which cannot synthesize listeriolysin are still invasive but unable to survive within phagocytic cells. one type of listeriolysin-negative mutants is defective in the synthesis of a positive regulatory element prfa which coordinately regulates the lis ...19911908834
intercellular spread of shigella flexneri through a monolayer mediated by membranous protrusions and associated with reorganization of the cytoskeletal protein vinculin.the spread of shigella flexneri in a monolayer of infected henle and hela cells was studied by using immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. infected cells produced numerous bacterium-containing membranous protrusions up to 18 microns in length that penetrated adjacent cells and were subsequently phagocytosed. fluorescence staining of actin and vinculin in infected cells with phalloidin and monoclonal antibody to vinculin, respectively, demonstrated that the protrusions containing the bacter ...19911910001
calcium dependence of effects of endothelin on rat mesenteric microvessels.we investigated the calcium dependence of the effects of endothelin (et) on resistance vessels (less than 300 microns lumen diameter) from the mesenteric vascular bed of the rat, mounted on a wire myograph. et-1 induced a potent sustained contraction with an ed50 of 12 nmol/l. the response to et-3 and big et at the maximum concentrations used (100 nmol/l) was less than 40% of that to et-1, with an estimated ed50 of 45 nmol/l. relaxation of the et-1-induced contraction was slow, and resulted in a ...19911913326
biosynthesis of isochorismate in klebsiella pneumoniae: origin of o-2.the shikimate metabolites are key precursors to a large number of natural products, including aromatic amino acids. chorismic acid is an important branch point in the biosynthetic pathway to aromatic amino acids. chorismic acid is also unique among natural products since it is the only compound known to undergo an enzymatic claisen rearrangement. a metabolite of chorismic acid, isochorismic acid, first observed in aerobacter aerogenes differs in its chemical structure by the location of the hydr ...19911913340
relationship of fever magnitude to rate of serious bacterial infections in infants aged 4-8 weeks.we correlated the height of fever with underlying infectious etiology in 683 consecutive febrile infants aged four to eight weeks who received outpatient evaluation for sepsis during a five-year period. the relative number of infants with fever was inversely proportional to fever height, as 51% had a temperature 38.1-38.9 degrees c, 45% had a temperature 39-39.9 degrees c, and 4% had a temperature greater than or equal to 40 degrees c [hyperpyrexia]. there were 34 cases of serious bacterial infe ...19911914347
screening of children for enteric bacterial pathogens in the outborn neonatal ward in lagos, nigeria.babies, on admission into a neonatal ward at the lagos university teaching hospital, had their rectal swab specimens examined bacteriologically and screened for enteric bacterial pathogens over a one-year-period at two-week intervals. it was found that on the average there were 3 (9.68%) enteric bacterial pathogens out of an average of 31 admissions at each screening period. the enteric bacterial pathogens isolated included: non-typhoid salmonellae, which accounted for 55 (80.88%) isolates out o ...19911915794
140-mda plasmids of escherichia coli and shigella flexneri 5 do not influence phagocytosis.enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) and shigella flexneri possessing a 140-megadalton (mda) plasmid are capable of invading intestinal epithelial cells and causing dysentery. to determine if this plasmid affected phagocytosis of the organisms by leukocytes, we studied the in vitro phagocytosis of isogenic pairs of eiec and s. flexneri 5 which differed only in the presence or absence of the 140-mda plasmid. in addition five eiec strains containing 140-mda plasmids as well as one non-enteroinva ...19911921856
nucleotide sequence and phylogeny of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase encoded by the plasmid pscs7 from staphylococcus aureus.the nucleotide sequence of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (cat) and its regulatory region, encoded by the plasmid pscs7 from staphylococcus aureus, was determined. the structural cat gene encoded a protein of 209 amino acids, which represented one monomer of the enzyme chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat). comparisons between the amino acid sequences of the pscs7-encoded cat from s. aureus and the previously sequenced cat variants from s. aureus, staphylococcus intermedius, staphy ...19911929326
reactive modifications of the autonomous time structure in the human organism.the spectrum of biological rhythms exhibits characteristic principles of biological time structure which also rule the functional behaviour. with increasing period lengths the rhythms become increasingly complex. in the long-wave section the rhythmic functions find their corresponding cycles in the environment, whereas the shorter waves represent only endogenous autonomous rhythms, which maintain an internal time order by means of frequency- and phase-coordination. under resting conditions and i ...19911932773
effect of a nonpeptide angiotensin ii receptor antagonist, dup 753, on angiotensin-related water intake in rats.the effect of peripheral administration of the nonpeptide angiotensin ii-1 (aii) receptor blocker, dup 753, on the dipsogenic responses to peripherally administered angiotensins i, ii, and iii was tested. in all cases, dup 753 significantly inhibited the drinking response, whether administered 15 or 45 minutes prior to administration of the dipsogen. these results suggest that the drinking responses to angiotensins i, ii, and iii are mediated by aii-1 receptors. they also suggest that either aii ...19911933441
a new sensitive method for determining endotoxin in whole blood.we developed a microplate method for determining endotoxin in whole blood with endospecy, an endotoxin-specific chromogenic limulus test reagent. the factors in blood that would interfere with the test were successfully removed by exposing samples to 0.66 mol/l hno3 containing 0.25% triton x-100. recoveries of various endotoxins spiked into whole blood of humans and experimental animals were almost complete, and were not enhanced by sample dilution. normal endotoxin concentration in human whole ...19911934509
development of antisera to detect virulent yersinia enterocolitica, shigella and escherichia coli enteroinvasive. 19911935085
molecular epidemiology of plasmid patterns in shigella flexneri types 1-6.a total of 123 drug-resistant and drug-sensitive shigella flexneri types 1-6, and their escherichia coli k12 transconjugants were used for plasmid profile analysis by agarose gel electrophoresis. resistance factors (r-factors) were further characterized by incompatibility testing. the overall distribution of small plasmids in s. flexneri showed that a cryptic plasmid of about 4.6 kb was found in all serotypes, and a plasmid of about 4.2 kb was found in serotypes 1-4. shigella flexneri types 2, 4 ...19911936154
small-animal model to measure efficacy and immunogenicity of shigella vaccine strains.the development of a small-animal model to test the protective efficacy and immunogenicity of a vaccine strain against shigellosis would greatly facilitate the evaluation of potential vaccine candidates. in guinea pigs, the ability of shigellae to invade and multiply within the corneal epithelium, causing keratoconjunctivitis, closely mimics the invasion process in the intestinal epithelium (b. sereny, acta microbiol. acad. sci. hung. 4:367-376, 1957). the serum response of animals recovering fr ...19911937767
inhibition of chemotaxis of neutrophil leukocytes to interleukin-8 by endotoxins of various bacteria.the effects of endotoxins from various bacteria (escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, vibrio cholerae, shigella flexneri, salmonella typhosa, and pseudomonas aeruginosa) on chemotaxis of neutrophil leukocytes to formyl peptide and interleukin-8 were tested in an improved chemotaxis assay involving a "sparse-pore" polycarbonate (nuclepore) membrane in a boyden-type chamber. the possible chemotactic activity of the endotoxins themselves were tested by the same technique. in addition, the effec ...19911937782
antibody responses in the lungs of mice following oral immunization with salmonella typhimurium aroa and invasive escherichia coli strains expressing the filamentous hemagglutinin of bordetella pertussis.the filamentous hemagglutinin (fha) of bordetella pertussis was expressed in the attenuated aroa mutant of salmonella typhimurium, sl3261, and in a strain of escherichia coli harboring shigella flexneri plasmid pwr110, which encodes bacterial invasiveness for epithelial cells. expression of fha in these strains did not interfere with their ability to invade henle cells. immunoglobulins a and g specific for fha were detected in lung washes of mice following oral immunization with the live recombi ...19911937797
preparation, characterization, and immunogenicity of conjugates composed of the o-specific polysaccharide of shigella dysenteriae type 1 (shiga's bacillus) bound to tetanus toxoid.the background for developing conjugate vaccines for shigellosis composed of the o-specific polysaccharide (o-sp) bound to a protein is described elsewhere (c. y. chu, r. schneerson, and j. b. robbins, submitted for publication). briefly, there is direct evidence for type (lipopolysaccharide [lps])-specific protection after infection with the wild type or with attenuated strains of shigellae. prospective studies of israeli armed forces recruits show a correlation between preexisting serum immuno ...19911937803
treatment of shigellosis. 19911941398
a new form of autosomal dominant arthrogryposis.we report a man and his son with congenital limb contractures, limitation of ocular movements, and an electroretinal abnormality. they appear to have an autosomal dominant form of arthrogryposis, distinguishable from other previously classified forms of this disorder.19911941966
[creatinine clearance as the foundation for clinical determination of kidney function in swine].comparative examinations of renal function using inulin- and endogenous creatinine-clearance tests in 5 pigs showed nearly identical values of glomerular filtration rate (gfr). based on this relation 79 healthy pigs, weighting 2 kg to 230 kg were investigated using the creatinine-clearance test for determination of normal values of gfr and urine flow rate (vu) as well as renal excretion (e), renal clearance (clr) and fractional excretion (fe) of urea, sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, gluc ...19911948984
[the adhesion of pathogenic microflora on carbon sorbents].the adsorbing activity of granulated carbonic sorbents skn and kau, as well as their oxidated forms, containing protogenic carboxylic and phenolic groups with respect to shigella flexneri, salmonella typhimurium, escherichia coli, streptococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenic strains has been studied. as shown in this study, the process of interaction between microorganisms and carbonic sorbents has two stages. at the first stage the main role is played by long-distance electrostati ...19911950254
[the dynamics of the formation of an infection focus in the intestines].the problem of the stability of the development of shigella population in the intestine, depending on the dose of the infective agent, is analyzed. the agent is reproduced in the intestinal mucosa in short cycles, starting with adhesion and followed by penetration, intracellular multiplication and, finally, emission of free bacteria and hulled tops of villi with shigella intracellular microcolonies. this form of emission maintains high concentration of bacteria and ensures, in case of the adhesi ...19911950279
[the protective properties of the endotoxin protein].the isolation and properties of endotoxin protein, or lipid a-associated protein (lap), from shigella sonnei were described earlier (zh. mikrobiol. epidemiol. immunobiol., 1991, no. 4, pp. 11-17, and no. 7). in this report the data on its protective activity are presented. in experiments on mice one nanogram of lap injected i. v. protected 50% of the animals against i. p. challenge with 40 ld50 of virulent s. sonnei. guinea pigs injected s. c. with 10 micrograms of lap were protected against loc ...19911950285
ototoxic effect of potassium canrenoate on the guinea pig cochlea.potassium canrenoate (pc) is a diuretic with antialdosterone action, reducing the reabsorption of sodium in the efferent renal tubules. this drug has been reported to damage only the marginal cells of the stria vascularis in the cochlea. the perilymphatic space of the guinea pig cochlea was perfused with an artificial perilymph containing 5 x 10(-3) m potassium canrenoate. following the onset of perfusion, the endocochlear dc potential (ep) gradually declined to around 10 mv but did not become n ...19911950534
jaw protruder muscles and condylar cartilage growth in the rat.many studies have explored the role of the protrusive musculature in promoting growth at the condylar cartilage and the overall lengthening of the lower jaw, with emphasis on the lateral pterygoid muscle (lpm). the largely anteroposterior orientation of the superficial part of the masseter muscle (sm) in the rat suggests that it may also function as a protruder of the lower jaw. accordingly, it is possible that the action of the sm may play a part in the regulation of growth of the condylar cart ...19911951196
epidemiologic patterns of acute diarrhea and endemic shigella infections in children in a poor periurban setting in santiago, chile.to prepare a field site for evaluating preventive interventions against endemic shigellosis, the authors followed prospectively a cohort of 360 children (90 each of children aged 0-11, 12-23, 24-35, and 36-47 months) in santa julia, a low socioeconomic area in santiago, chile, from november 1986 through april 1989 with twice weekly household visits for diarrheal disease; infants replaced children who reached 60 months of age. coprocultures on 2 consecutive days from children with diarrhea and fr ...19911951266
static muscle contraction reflexly increases adrenal sympathetic nerve activity in rats.little is known about the mechanisms responsible for activation of sympathoadrenal function during exercise. we hypothesized that sympathoadrenal discharge is activated at the onset of exercise by a reflex arising in the contracting muscle. adrenal sympathetic nerve activity (sna) was recorded during 1 min stimulation of the tibial nerve at two times motor threshold, before and during neuromuscular blockade, in 12 alpha-chloralose-anesthetized rats. static muscle contractions, induced by stimula ...19911951780
dogs as sentinels for lyme disease in massachusetts.an investigation of the relationship between incident human cases of lyme disease and seroprevalence of antibodies to b. burgdorferi in dogs was undertaken in order to determine whether dogs might serve as sentinels for lyme disease.19911951802
pathogenicity and antigenic components of excysted giardia lamblia isolated from patients in riyadh, saudi arabia.giardia lamblia cysts were isolated from patients in riyadh, saudi arabia. cysts and trophozoites (from axenically excysted cysts) were given orally by gavage to mice to establish the pathogenicity of the riyadh isolate. there was no effect of varying the dose of administered parasite on parasite excretion or morbidity. a typical pathologic pattern of giardiasis was demonstrated by histologic methods and electron microscopy. antigenic components of the riyadh isolate were compared with the portl ...19911951852
growth of dengue type 2 virus isolates in human peripheral blood leukocytes correlates with severe and mild dengue disease.we tested three dengue type 2 (den-2) isolates from children with clinically apparent but mild secondary dengue infections, and 10 isolates from children with moderately severe dengue hemorrhagic fever, and noted significant growth differences in peripheral blood leukocytes, but not in c6/36 cells. we also observed cytopathic effects in c6/36 cells that correlated with disease severity. these preliminary observations suggest the possibility that viral factors, whether surface antigens, attachmen ...19911951875
[cytological examination of urethral and endocervical smears in the diagnosis of infections].cytologic studies of smears from 130 women suffering from various diseases, including 61 pregnant patients with gestoses, have shown structural changes of the cells in the smears from the endocervix and urethra, that permitted the diagnosis of mycoplasma infection in 43.8% of patients, chlamydia infection, 52.3%, and herpes simplex in 72.3% of patients; in 63.9% of patients these infections were combined. cytologic studies may be useful in the tentative diagnosis of urogenital infections, includ ...19911951977
[detection of the determinants of tetracycline a, b and c resistance in shigella and salmonella using dna probes].genetic determinants of tetracycline resistance of classes a, b and c were detected with dna probes labeled with radioactive phosphorus (32p) in shigella (44 strains) and salmonella (50 strains). it was shown that in the shigella strains the frequency of the tet a gene amounted to 66 per cent, the frequency of the tet b gene was equal to 84 per cent, the frequency of their combination was equal to 50 per cent and the frequency of the tet c gene was nil. in the salmonella strains the frequency of ...19911953181
causes of breast cancer misdiagnosis at physical examination.2740 consecutive breast cancers undergoing physical examination were reviewed. ninety-two subclinical cancers detected at mammography were excluded from further evaluation and the study focused on palpable false benign cancers. the sensitivity of physical examination varied according to t category (tis = 0.48, t1 = 0.70, t2 = 0.90, t3 = 0.89, t4 = 0.93), age (20-29 = 0.77, 30-39 = 0.58, 40-49 = 0.75, 50-59 = 0.84, 60-69 = 0.90, greater than 69 = 0.94) and operator (range 0.69-0.89), a significan ...19911956468
the prophenoloxidase system and in vitro interaction of trypanosoma rangeli with rhodnius prolixus and triatoma infestans haemolymph.the presence of the prophenoloxidase (propo) system in the haemolymph of rhodnius prolixus and triatoma infestans and the role played by trypanosoma rangeli in the in vitro activation of propo were tested. both r. prolixus and t. infestans whole blood preparations showed a very active propo system. the propo cascade of the two insect species were differentially activated by microbial-derived extracts: laminarin was a better activator of t. infestans haemolymph than of r. prolixus blood, and lipo ...19911956701
differences in blood group b-specific mucinase activity between virulent and avirulent shigella flexneri 2a strains.based on our previous findings we postulate that the production of blood group b-degrading mucinase by shigella flexneri 2a is related to virulence. the virulent s. flexneri 2a strain m4243 produced a blood group b mucinase which decreased the blood group b reactivity of germ-free mouse mucins by a factor of 16 and the b reactivity of human saliva by a factor of 32. avirulent s. flexneri 2a b-1, serologically similar, but not genetically identical to the m4243 strain, failed to degrade the blood ...19911961109
constitutive production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-6 by a human lung cancer cell line, ksny: gene amplification and increased mrna stability.a human lung squamous cell carcinoma cell line designated ksny was established from a patient suffering from marked neutrophilia and polyclonal hyper-gamma-globulinemia. in our previous report, we demonstrated colony-stimulating activities in the culture supernatant of this cell line. to determine the exact molecules for the activities, we investigated the gene expression of various cytokines in ksny cells and showed the mrna expression of both granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (g-csf) and i ...19911716216
constitutive production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-6 by a human lung cancer cell line, ksny: gene amplification and increased mrna stability.a human lung squamous cell carcinoma cell line designated ksny was established from a patient suffering from marked neutrophilia and polyclonal hyper-gamma-globulinemia. in our previous report, we demonstrated colony-stimulating activities in the culture supernatant of this cell line. to determine the exact molecules for the activities, we investigated the gene expression of various cytokines in ksny cells and showed the mrna expression of both granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (g-csf) and i ...19911716216
evolution of the ferric enterobactin receptor in gram-negative bacteria.using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of iron-deficient and replete cell envelopes, 59fe-siderophore uptake studies, and western immunoblots and cytofluorimetric analyses with monoclonal antibodies (mabs), we surveyed a panel of gram-negative bacteria to identify outer membrane proteins that are structurally related to the escherichia coli k-12 ferric enterobactin receptor, fepa. antibodies within the panel identified fepa epitopes that are conserved among the majority ...19911717434
the oac gene encoding a lipopolysaccharide o-antigen acetylase maps adjacent to the integrase-encoding gene on the genome of shigella flexneri bacteriophage sf6.lysogens of shigella flexneri harbouring the temperate bacteriophage, sf6, have been previously shown to undergo a serotype conversion due to o-acetylation of the o-antigen of the lipopolysaccharide. a partial physical map of the phage genome has been constructed. analysis of the phage dna suggests that the phage packages by a headful mechanism and that the mature dna molecules are terminally redundant. cloning of the psti fragments of sf6 enabled the region encoding the serotype conversion to b ...19911720755
genetic analysis of the rfb region of shigella flexneri encoding the y serotype o-antigen specificity.the gene cluster (rfb region) which determines the biosynthesis of the shigella flexneri o-antigen of the y serotype specificity was cloned from a s. flexneri serotype 2a strain. two plasmids, ppm2212 and ppm2213, which conferred o-antigen biosynthesis were generated from separate cosmid clones by deletion with clal. these plasmids expressed o-antigen in escherichia coli k12 like that of the parental strain, as assessed by reactions to antisera in colony and western immunoblots, sensitivity to b ...19911724058
prospective study of the association between serum antibodies to lipopolysaccharide o antigen and the attack rate of shigellosis.a means for determining immune status against shigellosis would significantly improve the design and evaluation of interventional and other epidemiologic studies. previous case-control studies have indicated the potential role of humoral antilipopolysaccharide antibodies. to test this proposition, 190 soldiers serving in a field unit were monitored prospectively for 2.5 months for shigellosis. blood samples were taken at the beginning of the follow-up period and tested for serological evidence o ...19911706731
cloning and expression in escherichia coli of mercuric ion resistance coding genes from zymomonas mobilis.from a genomic library of zymomonas mobilis prepared in escherichia coli, two clones (carrying pzh4 and pzh5) resistant to the mercuric ion were isolated. on partial restriction analysis these two clones appeared to have the same 2.9 kb insert. mercuric reductase activity was assayed from the escherichia coli clone carrying pzh5 and it was hg(2+)-inducible, nadh dependent and also required 2-mercaptoethanol for its activity. the plasmid pzh5 encoded three polypeptides, mercuric reductase (mera; ...19911367242
[surveillance study on bacteriological etiology of 8371 children with diarrhea].the results of stool cultures from 8371 children of 0-13 years old with diarrhea during the years of january 1981 to december 1989 in shanghai area are reported. 2906 strains of enteropathogenic bacteria were isolated, with total detection rate of 34.72%. shigella were still the most common pathogens in 1981-1984, and campylobacter jejuni took second place, whereas from 1985 on campylobacter exceeded shigella as the first pathogenic bacteria of children's diarrhea. except in 1987 and 1988 shigel ...19911647837
an outbreak of shigellosis aboard a cruise ship caused by a multiple-antibiotic-resistant strain of shigella flexneri.from october 23 to october 27, 1989, an outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred aboard a cruise ship in the caribbean. the 818 passengers and 518 crew members were surveyed for gastrointestinal symptoms; 72 (14%) of 512 passengers and 12 (3%) of 388 crew members who answered the survey reported having a diarrheal illness. multiple-antibiotic-resistant shigella flexneri 4a was isolated from 19 ill passengers and two ill crew members. thirteen people were hospitalized, and prolonged duration of illne ...19911652203
[isolation of enteropathogenic microorganism from patients with infection of the digestive tract during 1976 to 1988 in tenri hospital].enteropathogenic microorganisms isolated from feces of 9,393 patients with diarrhea or enteritis in our hospital between 1976 and 1988 were analyzed. as the result of the examination of 5,443 outpatients, 1,811 strains of pathogens were isolated from 1,686 cases (31.0%). several species including salmonella spp., escherichia coli serotype, vibrio parahaemolyticus, were isolated before 1978, and the incidence of pathogens was low (14.8%). for the 10-year period since 1979, the incidence markedly ...19911655921
molecular typing of shigella strains using pulsed field gel electrophoresis and genome hybridization with insertion sequences.the genomes of 18 independent shigella isolates (9 shigella sonnei, 5 shigella dysenteriae and 4 shigella flexneri) as well as of 4 epidemic s. flexneri strains were analysed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and by the distribution of insertion sequences (is1, is2 and is911). despite the close relatedness observed among the 9 independent s. sonnei, all of them could be differentiated from each other. the 4 independent s. flexneri isolates showed clearly distinguishable dna profiles. ne ...19911658885
construction of a physical map of the chromosome of shigella flexneri 2a and the direct assignment of nine virulence-associated loci identified by tn5 insertions.to establish the molecular basis of the chromosomal virulence genes of shigella flexneri 2a (ysh6000), a notl restriction map of the chromosome was constructed by exploiting notl-linking clones, partial notl digestion and dna probes from various genes of escherichia coli k-12. the map revealed at least three local differences in the placements of genes between ysh6000 and e. coli k-12. using the additional notl sites introduced by tn5 insertion, nine virulence loci identified previously by rando ...19911662762
primary and metastatic pulmonary meningioma.patient 1 was a 53-year-old man who had a very rare primary pulmonary meningioma that developed in the left lingular segment. when this report was written, 7 years had passed since he underwent operation, and no recurrence of the meningioma had been detected. in patient 2, a 61-year-old woman, multiple pulmonary metastases were confirmed 19 years after she had undergone operation for multiple cerebellar meningiomas, and the metastases were resected. after 2 years, multiple intraperitoneal metast ...19911991305
controlled expression of the transcriptional activator gene virg in agrobacterium tumefaciens by using the escherichia coli lac promoter.the agrobacterium virg protein is normally expressed from two promoters in response to multiple stimuli, including plant-released phenolics (at promoter p1) and acidic growth media (at promoter p2). to simplify the analysis of vir gene induction, we sought to create agrobacterium strains in which virg could be expressed in a controllable fashion. to study the possibility of using the lac promoter and repressor, we constructed a plasmid containing the lac promoter fused to the lacz structural gen ...19911991713
in vitro studies on steroidogenesis in the presence of pregnenolone as precursors by the follicular tissue of the domestic fowl (gallus domesticus).chicken granulosa and theca cells were isolated from f1 and f4-6 follicles 2-4 h before ovulation, and the amounts of progesterone, testosterone and oestradiol released in the medium during incubation for 3 h, in the presence or absence of pregnenolone as a percursor and stimulatory drugs or inhibitory drugs, were measured. progesterone synthesis by granulosa cells was stimulated with olh or theophylline. much more progesterone was synthesized when pregnenolone was added to the medium. the amoun ...19911997117
virulence plasmids of enteroinvasive escherichia coli and shigella flexneri integrate into a specific site on the host chromosome: integration greatly reduces expression of plasmid-carried virulence genes.the ability of enteroinvasive escherichia coli and shigella flexneri to cause disease depends on the presence of a large virulence plasmid (pinv). in this report we show that phn280, the pinv of the o135:k-:h- enteroivasive strain e. coli hn280, and pwr100, the pinv of s. flexneri serotype 5 strain m90t, are able to integrate into a specific site on the host chromosome. pinv-integrated hn280 and m90t strains required methionine (met-) to grow in minimal medium, were noninvasive, did not produce ...19911997431
site and strand specificity of uvb mutagenesis in the sup4-0 gene of yeast. 19912000411
comparative efficacy of ceftriaxone and ampicillin for treatment of severe shigellosis in children.in a prospective randomized open study, ceftriaxone, 50 mg/kg per day, was compared with ampicillin, 100 mg/kg per day, both given for a period of 5 days, for the treatment of 40 children whose mean (+/- sd) age was 4.5 +/- 3.2 years and who had severe dysentery caused by shigella organisms. twenty patients were treated with ceftriaxone and 20 with ampicillin. both drugs were initially given intravenously for a period of 1 to 2 days and were continued intramuscularly, in the case of ceftriaxone, ...19912007941
construction of aromatic dependent shigella flexneri 2a live vaccine candidate strains: deletion mutations in the aroa and the arod genes.live shigella flexneri 2a vaccine candidate strains with deletion mutations in the aro genes were constructed. tn10-generated auxotrophic mutations were transduced from escherichia coli to s. flexneri 2a with bacteriophage p1cmcts. the tetracycline-sensitive derivatives of tn10 mutants obtained were selected on bochner's medium and checked by dna-dna hybridization using aroa and arod gene specific probes. the vaccine candidate strains were tested to assess the efficacy of protection in guinea-pi ...19912008803
molecular characterization of the o-acetyl transferase gene of converting bacteriophage sf6 that adds group antigen 6 to shigella flexneri.bacteriophage sf6 antigenically converts shigella flexneri serotype y strains (-;3,4) to type 3b carrying group antigen 6,3,4 by means of an o-acetylation of the o-antigenic polysaccharide chain. the gene for o-acetyl transferase of bacteriophage sf6 has been cloned, identified and sequenced. the predicted o-acetyl transferase protein encoded by this gene was found to consist of 333 amino acids, (37,185 daltons) and to have some similarity with the galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase prote ...19912014005
pathogenicity of foodborne salmonella.salmonella remains a leading etiological agent in bacterial foodborne diseases. although human salmonellosis generally presents as a self-limiting episode of enterocolitis, the disease can degenerate into chronic and debilitating conditions. antibiotic treatment of uncomplicated salmonellosis is contra-indicated because it tends to prolong the carrier state. clinical management of systemic infections with newer drugs such as third-generation cephalosporins and quinolones is most promising, parti ...19912018704
stress fiber-based movement of shigella flexneri within cells.icsa (virg), a gene located on pwr100, the virulence plasmid of shigella flexneri serotype 5 (m90t), encodes a 120-kda outer membrane protein. this protein promotes a random intracellular movement of the bacteria and leads to the infection of adjacent cells by the formation of protrusions. this movement, which involves the nucleation, polymerization, and subsequent polarization of actin, is referred to as the ics phenotype (intra/intercellular spread). here we present evidence that a second, dis ...19912019438
efficacy of aqueous extract of garlic & allicin in experimental shigellosis in rabbits.the aqueous extract of garlic (allium sativum) and allicin both showed significant in vitro antibacterial activity against isolates of multiple drug-resistant shigella dysenteriae 1, sh. flexneri y, sh. sonnei and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the aqueous extract and allicin against sh. flexneri y were 5 and 0.4 microliters/ml, respectively. the two agents also showed promising in vivo antibacterial activity against sh. flexneri y when tested in the r ...19912022399
antimicrobial effect of fermented ghanaian maize dough.unhygienic conditions of a typical rural community in a developing country were simulated in the laboratory by inoculating fermented maize dough porridge with shigella flexneri and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec). the antimicrobial effects of the different processes involved in the preparation of fermented maize dough porridge were assessed. the soaking process reduced the ph but no antimicrobial effect against shigella and etec was noted. unfermented maize dough did not inhibit any of t ...19912030095
two novel virulence loci, mxia and mxib, in shigella flexneri 2a facilitate excretion of invasion plasmid antigens.a bank of over 4,200 lacz protein fusions in shigella flexneri 2a was screened for fusions to temperature-regulated promoters. one mutant, bs260, was completely noninvasive on hela cells and mapped to a region on the 220-kb virulence plasmid in which we had previously localized several avirulent temperature-regulated operon fusions (a.e. hromockyj and a.t. maurelli, infect. immun. 57:2963-2970, 1989). the phenotype of bs260 was similar to that of the previously identified mxi (membrane expressio ...19912037361
dose-related effects of prenatal 5-methoxytryptamine (5-mt) on development of serotonin terminal density and behavior.our previous studies with a tissue culture model of neuronal development have shown that the development of serotonin neurons is dependent, at least in part, on the stimulation of high affinity serotonin receptors. one receptor inhibits the outgrowth of neurons, while the other promotes it. the present study was therefore undertaken to replicate these findings in a whole animal model system. pregnant sprague-dawley rats were treated from gestational day 12 until birth with 0.1, 1.0 or 3.0 mg/kg ...19912040080
four decades of shigellosis in israel: epidemiology of a growing public health problem.despite the improved standard of living in israel, shigellosis remains a common disease. examination of trends in the incidence of shigellosis in israel between 1951 and 1987 showed a period of declining rates followed by an increase in the reported incidence beginning around 1969. this increase was mainly due to shigella sonnei; rates of infection with shigella flexneri remained relatively constant. trends showed marked differences between age groups and between ethnic groups. in comparison, th ...19912041956
abrogation of dominant glucose intolerance in sjl mice by a growth hormone transgene.glucose tolerance was studied in transgenic mice (sjl x c57bl/6) expressing human gh under the control of a housekeeping promoter. parental sjl mice were found to harbour a dominant allele, termed here glid, determining glucose intolerance in pure-bred animals and in f1 hybrids with glucose-tolerant c57bl/6 mice. blood glucose levels in transgenic sjl x c57bl/6 hybrid mice were well controlled following glucose challenge, whereas non-transgenic hybrids failed to control their glucose adequately. ...19912043241
mind over muscle. 19912044511
gentle exercise with a previously inactive muscle group hastens the decline of blood lactate concentration after strenuous exercise.the aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism by which the disappearance of blood lactate following severe exercise is enhanced during active recovery in comparison with recovery at rest. rates of decline of arterialised venous blood lactate concentrations in man after maximal one-leg exercise were compared during four different modes of recovery: passive (pr), exercise of the muscles involved in the initial exercise (sl), exercise of the corresponding muscles in the hitherto-inactive leg ...19912044538
fumonisin mycotoxins and equine leukoencephalomalacia. 19912045319
epidemiologic aspects of shigellosis and other causes of dysentery in thailand.nearly 20% of children seen in the outpatient department of children's hospital in bangkok, thailand, for diarrheal disease had bloody diarrhea. shigella species and enteroinvasive escherichia coli--isolated from 13% and 2% of children with diarrhea, respectively--were the most frequent causes of bloody diarrhea. campylobacter species and nontyphoidal salmonella species were also isolated frequently but were much less often associated with bloody diarrhea. shigella species were rarely isolated f ...19912047642
shigellosis in vietnam: seroepidemiologic studies with use of lipopolysaccharide antigens in enzyme immunoassays.the performance of enzyme immunoassays (eias) with use of o-antigen-containing lipopolysaccharides (lpss) extracted with phenol-water from shigella dysenteriae type 1, shigella flexneri serotypes 1a-5b, and shigella sonnei for determination of the serum antibody responses after onset of bacillary dysentery is reviewed. for the purpose of several studies, serum samples from a total of 175 vietnamese and 47 swedish patients, for whom shigella species had been isolated from fecal specimens, were ob ...19912047643
mortality due to shigellosis: community and hospital data.almost all fatal cases of shigellosis occur in developing countries, and data on mortality are generally compiled from three sources: investigations of epidemics caused by shigella dysenteriae type 1, surveillance of endemic diarrheal disease, and reports from hospitals. attack rates during epidemics of dysentery due to infection with s. dysenteriae type 1 have ranged from 1% to 33%, and case-fatality rates have ranged from 1% to 7%. in matlab, a rural district in bangladesh, most diarrhea-relat ...19912047645
shiga toxin: intestinal cell receptors and pathophysiology of enterotoxic effects.shiga toxin is enterotoxic in rabbit small bowel and binds to the microvillus membrane (mvm). the toxin exhibits specificity for glycolipids possessing a terminal gal-alpha 1----4gal disaccharide, including the neutral glycolipid gb3 in mvm. gb3, which is developmentally regulated in the rabbit small bowel, is present in very low concentration until the animals reach day 16 of life. in older animals an increase in gb3 content is paralleled by an increase in the ability of mvm to bind toxin, whic ...19912047654
response to antimicrobial therapy for shigellosis in thailand.shigella species have been one of the most common causes of acute diarrhea in bangkok, thailand. the incidence of shigellosis increased steadily from 1984 to 1988. the majority of shigella species isolated from specimens from patients with acute diarrhea in bangkok in 1988 were resistant to both ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz). shigella flexneri was the most commonly isolated organism and had the highest rate of resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tmp-smz, and tetra ...19912047660
an auxotrophic live oral shigella flexneri vaccine: development and testing.through transduction, a wild-type strain of shigella flexneri serotype y (sfl1) was rendered auxotrophic and dependent on aromatic metabolites that are not available in mammalian tissues. monkeys that were orally vaccinated with 10(11) bacteria of the transductant strain sfl114 remained healthy when challenged with 10(11) bacteria of wild-type strains of s. flexneri serotypes y, 1b, and 2a. the safety and immunogenicity of sfl114 were next studied in volunteers who were given either 10(9) or 10( ...19912047663
prospective study of systemic and mucosal immune responses in dysenteric patients to specific shigella invasion plasmid antigens and lipopolysaccharides.shigellosis is a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality in developing countries. to find immunological correlates of specific protection against shigellosis, we examined chronological samples of sera, stool extracts, duodenal aspirates, and saliva samples from 39 adults and 22 children with shigellosis from peru for the presence of specific antibody to invasion plasmid antigens (ipa) common to all virulent shigella strains, by using both a whole-organism enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ...19912050402
[antibiotic therapy of acute dysentery in children with immunologic deficiency conditions].one hundred children with acute sonnei and flexneri dysentery were followed up with respect to the infection process and main immunity indices. in 32 children the immunity indices were physiological (group 1) and in 68 children secondary immune deficiency was observed (group 2). the children were treated with aminoglycoside antibiotics and prodigiozan and it was stated that the time of recovery in the children with immune deficiency was longer by 5.2 days as compared to that in the children with ...19912053823
site-specific recombinase genes in three shigella subgroups and nucleotide sequences of a pinb gene and an invertible b segment from shigella boydii.inversional switching systems in procaryotes are composed of an invertible dna segment and a site-specific recombinase gene adjacent to or contained in the segment. four related but functionally distinct systems have previously been characterized in detail: the salmonella typhimurium h segment-hin gene (h-hin), phage mu g-gin, phage p1 c-cin, and escherichia coli e14 p-pin. in this article we report the isolation and characterization of three new recombinase genes: pinb, pind, and defective pinf ...19912061288
the placenta in the context of history and modern medical practice.this is a brief summary of the development of our understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the human placenta. the article also traces the origin of some of the commonly used terminology that pertains to the placenta, and it makes reference to the major discoveries made in the understanding of human placentation. the legal implications for the current need of placental examination are traced and recommendations are made for future studies that might be conducted. finally, questions are rai ...19912064523
[a report of surveillance on acute diarrhoeal diseases in wuwei prefecture from 1987 to 1988].surveillance on acute diarrhoeal diseases in jinta county, wuwei city for two successive years from january 1987 to december 1988 showed that the annual average incidence of diarrhoeal diseases was 0.079-0.124. the total detection rate of the etiologic agent was 58.95%. bacterial infection was predominant. ten species of pathogenic bacteria were detected, of which shigella remained the prevalent bacteria among which flexneri appeared as the predominant species after a decline for several years s ...19912065350
an o antigen can interfere with the function of the yersinia pseudotuberculosis invasin protein.escherichia coli strains harbouring the yersinia pseudotuberculosis inv gene are able to enter cultured mammalial cells. we show here that this property is not shared by all enteric bacteria, since shigella flexneri 2a cured of its virulence-associated plasmid and harbouring the inv gene is unable to enter mammalian cells efficiently. mapping studies showed that the region of the chromosome responsible for this phenotype includes rfab, a locus involved in the production of o antigen. s. flexneri ...19911710312
[diagnosis and therapy of viral hepatitis]. 19911713243
teenage sexuality. 1991259025
[health care and the church]. 19912272079
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