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computer diagnosis of labor progression. i. development of an on-line interactive digital computer program for the diagnosis of normal and abnormal cervical dilatation patterns. 20154582649
[massive doses of thiamine in neurosurgical resuscitation]. 20154690563
a priori vs. a posteriori probabilities. 20154782674
antifertility agents: introduction and history.the article is a brief historical account of the birth and development of steroidal contraception. over 400 oral contraceptive agents have been and/or are in use. attention is called to particular medical writers who have composed excellent historical accounts of the development of the synthetic estrogens and progestins used in commercial and investigative oral contraceptives.20154584283
use of a heat transfer analogy for a mathematical model of respiratory tract deposition. 20154422751
neonatal hypothermia in australia. 20154477652
[myxedema coma. study of 3 cases]. 20154353062
[microdetermination of pyrimethamine and 5-aryl-6-alkyl derivatives of 2,4-diaminopyrimidines in biological fluids and tissues by adsorption chromatography on sephadex g-25 and g-10]. 20165097371
[hemolytic uremic (gasser's) syndrome]. 20165012060
immunization with skin isografts taken from tolerant mice.skin isografts from mice that were immunologically tolerant to allogeneic tissue had the ability to immunize isogeneic recipients against subsequent skin allografts. the immunizing isografts showed no gross signs of rejection themselves and appeared to be only the vehicles for transplantation antigen. it seems likely that allogeneic leukocytes derived from the spleen and bone marrow cells used to confer tolerance were contained in the skin of the tolerant mice and were transferred by the skin is ...20164861519
[anatomo-pathology and spontaneous evolution of colonic polyps and polyposis]. 20164732753
ganglionic cystic defects of bone. 20164703202
visual information obtained from flashes and from afterimages. 20164771206
adaptation in spf mice which are transferred into a conventional animal house. 20165036386
[coronary angiography]. 20164925675
[the intraoral registration of the centric relation in the edentulous jaw in connection with the closed impression technic by means of the sr-ivotray method]. 20164906692
[clinical study of action, in ambulatory treatment, of piperazine acefyllinate associated with an extract of the enzyme complex of the pancreas in a group of retired miners with coal-miner pneumoconiosis]. 20164940412
the role of interoreceptors in the mechanism of action of the hormones. 20164959480
[prevention of rh isoimmunization]. 20164996776
calcification of the triangular cartilage of the wrist. 20165089976
chondrosarcoma with subarachnoid dissemination. 20165069405
atheroma of the aortic bifurcation. 20165069229
[immediate and remote results of electric impulse therapy of atrial fibrillation]. 20165052600
[deficient plasma steroid increase following insulin administration in pituitary dwarfism. therapeutic sequelae]. 20165056489
the relationship of the maximum amplitude and the maximum and minimum slope of the intrauterine pressure waveform in late pregnancy and labor. 20165038395
glycogen content of eggs and embryos of arbacia punctulata. 20165063008
[sagittal electrocardiographic leads]. 20165021846
quantitative distribution of igg, igm and iga immunoglobulins in lymphocytic thyroiditis of the hashimoto type. 20164999392
simultaneous separation of common mammalian 4 -3-oxosteroids and oestrogens using two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. 20165063012
[hemodynamics of the organs of the pelvis minor in patients with chronic inflammation of the uterine adnexa and changes under the influence of treatment with silt mud]. 20165048116
contraction of protoplasm. i. cinematographic analysis of the anodally stimulated contraction of spirostomum ambiguum. 20164960542
[treatment of carrier typhoid and paratyphoid carriage in the use of ampicillin]. 20164958990
peripheral nerve injuries: a comparative study of the anatomical and functional results following primary nerve repair in chimpanzees. 20164967468
[deontology in onco-gynecologic and obstetric clinical practice]. 20165039429
[diverticulum of the male urethra]. 20164989829
law affecting emergency medical services and rescue squads. 20164847011
[dilatation and changes in the large bronchi in peripheral bronchial carcinoma (possible ways of obtaining diagnostic tissue specimen)]. 20164943565
relationship between verbal reinforcers, source and task difficulty for youthful felons and non-felons. 20164820506
asymmetrical nonocclusive ischemia of the extremity mimicking arterial embolus. 20164806953
recurrence of ventricular septal defect after correction of tetralogy of fallot. 20164806944
urinary vaginal fistulae: a series of 152 patients treated in a small hospital in ghana. 20164807491
comments on rabies control. 20164810222
the postabortal pain syndrome: a new entity. 20164735319
the nucleolar organizer of plethodon cinereus cinereus (green). i. location of the nucleolar organizer by in situ nucleic acid hybridization. 20164730559
mary--a paranoid schizophrenic. 20164844741
[clinical and morphological study on 2 cases of gaucher's disease in 2 subjects from the same family]. 20164804229
prognostic correlations and response to treatment in advanced metastatic malignant melanoma. 20164842252
[unevenness of ureter opacification in timed urography as a sign of reno-vascular hypertension]. 20165053978
[testicular damage in elastorrhexis generalisata]. 20165031134
studies on the adrenal glands and corpuscles of stannius of the teleost nile fish, clarias lazera c. and v. 20164909688
an intrarenal foreign body. 20165041547
systematic desensitization and expectancy in the treatment of speaking anxiety. 20165030248
[therapeutic application of the preparation d 1 s in cardio-vascular neurosis]. 20165018516
a phenylethylamine oxidising defect in migraine. 20164850263
immigration composition and population policy. 20164841571
[determination of nickel in urine]. 20164770323
iron sorbitol: study of utilization and excretion using fe-59. 20164746238
[cytological diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (author's transl)]. 20164785768
hyperkalaemia following succinylcholine administration in neurological disorders: a review. 20164929450
comparative growth of the thermal algae cyanidium caldarium on nitrate and ammonia at different temperatures. 20165072724
92 medical students placed by sama-meco in michigan towns. 20165035388
[pathogenesis and treatment of vitiligo]. 20164755955
relationships between ocular dimensions and the effects of provocative tests. water drinking. homatropine eye drops. water drinking and homatropine eye drops. 20165097395
current good manufacturing practice regulations. 20165094094
the annual medical work-up--improving laboratory service to the physician by profiles. 20165096773
a stereognostic test for screening tactile sensation. 20165030187
the genesis of the eeg. 20164949975
[studies of fetal hemoglobin containing erythrocytes in infants born at term and premature infants after blood exchange]. 20164964363
infantile pseudarthrosis of the tibia. three cases treated successfully by delayed autogenous by-pass graft, with some comments on the causative lesion. 20164906201
[tryptophan pyrrolase as a typical model of an adaptive enzyme]. 20164889850
the mean geometry of the peptide unit from crystal structure data. 20164854945
[effect of artificial light of differing spectral makeup on the visual functions of children and adolescents]. 20164769762
comminuted fractures of the olecranon treated by the weber-vasey technique. 20164742520
[exercise electrocardiogram]. 20164731379
shigellosis in nepal: 13 years review of nationwide surveillance.shigella is a major cause of gastroenteritis especially in children. in developing countries, the incidence is frequent and results are often life threatening. changing epidemiology and emerging antibiotic resistance warrants continuous monitoring of susceptibility. the present study highlights the changing epidemiology and drug resistance patterns of shigella isolated at different hospitals of nepal over a period of 13 years (jan. 2003-dec. 2015).201627814742
a review on sero diversity and antimicrobial resistance patterns of shigella species in africa, asia and south america, 2001-2014.shigella, gram negative bacterium, is responsible for shigellosis/bacillary dysentery. it is a global concern although it predominates in developing countries. these are shigella dysenteriae, shigella flexneri, shigella boydii and shigella sonnei. drug resistance by shigella species is another headache of the world. therefore; this study aimed to review distribution of shigella serogroups and their antimicrobial patterns carried out in africa, asia and south america.201627576729
erratum: global phylogeography and evolutionary history of shigella dysenteriae type 1. 201627694821
pathogen-associated porin turns il-10 competent b-1a cells toward proinflammatory cytokine response.shigellosis is a major problem in the developing countries causing mortality and morbidity particularly among the children. shigella spp. harbours the epithelial cells of the human colon to infect the host and spread the disease. we analyzed the response of b-1a cells, the major component of the mucosal immune system to porin of shigella dysenteriae type 1. we show that porin while proliferating b-1a cells, deplete siglec-g, the inhibitory molecule present on b-1a cells. adjuvanticity of porin h ...201627498179
global phylogeography and evolutionary history of shigella dysenteriae type 1.together with plague, smallpox and typhus, epidemics of dysentery have been a major scourge of human populations for centuries(1). a previous genomic study concluded that shigella dysenteriae type 1 (sd1), the epidemic dysentery bacillus, emerged and spread worldwide after the first world war, with no clear pattern of transmission(2). this is not consistent with the massive cyclic dysentery epidemics reported in europe during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries(1,3,4) and the first isolation ...201627572446
erratum to: genome sequencing, annotation and comparative genomic analysis of shigella dysenteriae strain sd1d.[this corrects the article doi: 10.1186/1757-4749-6-28.].201627516810
a two-step method for extraction of lipopolysaccharide from shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 and salmonella typhimurium: an improved method for enhanced yield and purity.bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) has been widely used as an antigen and adjuvant in immunological applications. amongst the methods developed for extraction of lps, hot phenol extraction (hpe) method is the gold standard. however, the hpe method provides poor yield of lps (~4.5% by weight), is associated with relatively higher impurities of proteins and nucleic acids, and the acidic hot phenol can cause a degradative effect on lps. in this work a two-step extraction (tse) method was developed ...201627208662
screening of furanone in cucurbita melo and evaluation of its bioactive potential using in silico studies.the work presented here attempts to screen for the presence of 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2h)-furanone in fruits and also any bioactive potential present in the fruit extracts. curcurbita melo was selected for the study, and the fruit was crushed, filtered and extracted with ethyl acetate as the solvent. the resulting extract was subjected to disk diffusion test using kirby bauer method for checking its antimicrobial potential. melon extract showed promising results against different clinical path ...201627013507
factors affecting inducible expression of outer membrane protein a (ompa) of shigella dysenteriae type-1 in lactococcus lactis using nisin inducible controlled expression (nice).potential use of lactococcus lactis (l. lactis) as a heterologous protein expression host as well as for delivery of multiple therapeutic proteins has been investigated extensively using nisin inducible controlled expression (nice) system. optimum inducible expression of heterologous protein by nice system in l. lactis depends on multiple factors. to study the unexplored role of factors affecting heterologous protein expression in l. lactis using nice, the present study outlines the optimization ...201626843700
controlling the cytokine storm in severe bacterial diarrhoea with an oral toll-like receptor 4 antagonist.shigella dysenteriae causes the most severe of all infectious diarrhoeas and colitis. we infected rhesus macaques orally and also treated them orally with a small and non-absorbable polypropyletherimine dendrimer glucosamine that is a toll-like receptor-4 (tlr4) antagonist. antibiotics were not given for this life-threatening infection. six days later, the clinical score for diarrhoea, mucus and blood was 54% lower, colon interleukin-8 and interleukin-6 were both 77% lower, and colon neutrophil ...201626496144
immunization of mice with a live transconjugant shigella hybrid strain induced th1 and th17 cell-mediated immune responses and confirmed passive protection against heterologous shigellae.an avirulent, live transconjugant shigella hybrid (ltshδstx) strain was constructed in our earlier study by introducing a plasmid vector, ppr1347, into a shiga toxin gene deleted shigella dysenteriae 1. three successive oral administrations of ltshδstx to female adult mice produced comprehensive passive heterologous protection in their offspring against challenge with wild-type shigellae. production of no and different cytokines such asil-12p70, il-1β and il-23 in peritoneal mice macrophages ind ...201626478541
[effect of bacteriophage on resistance of flexner's bacillus to antibiotics]. 201624544299
purification and characterization of a shigella conjugate vaccine, produced by glycoengineering escherichia coli.shigellosis remains a major cause of diarrheal disease in developing countries and causes substantial morbidity and mortality in children. glycoconjugate vaccines consisting of bacterial surface polysaccharides conjugated to carrier proteins are the most effective vaccines for controlling invasive bacterial infections. nevertheless, the development of a multivalent conjugate vaccine to prevent shigellosis has been hampered by the complex manufacturing process as the surface polysaccharide for ea ...201626353918
competitive survival of escherichia coli, vibrio cholerae, salmonella typhimurium and shigella dysenteriae in riverbed sediments.studies on the survival of bacterial enteric pathogens in riverbed sediments have mostly focused on individual organisms. reports on the competitive survival of these pathogens in riverbed sediments under the same experimental setup are limited. we investigated the survival of escherichia coli, salmonella enterica ser. typhimurium, vibrio cholerae and shigella dysenteriae in riverbed sediments of the apies river. experiments were performed in flow chambers containing three sediment types and con ...201627193001
development of recombinant lactococcus lactis displaying albumin-binding domain variants against shiga toxin 1 b subunit.infections with shiga toxin-producing bacteria, like enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli and shigella dysenteriae, represent a serious medical problem. no specific and effective treatment is available for patients with these infections, creating a need for the development of new therapies. recombinant lactic acid bacterium lactococcus lactis was engineered to bind shiga toxin by displaying novel designed albumin binding domains (abd) against shiga toxin 1 b subunit (stx1b) on their surface. funct ...201627606705
characterization of beauty salon wastewater from kwame nkrumah university of science and technology, kumasi, ghana, and its surrounding communities.due to the increase in students' population over the years, the kwame nkrumah university of science and technology (knust), kumasi, ghana, and its surrounding communities have seen an increase in the number of beauty salons. the assessment of the quality of salon wastewater has received little attention, as a potential source of environmental and public health hazard, due to the lack of literature on this issue. the main aim of this study is to assess wastewater effluent characteristics in knust ...201627594788
shigella diversity and changing landscape: insights for the twenty-first century.shigella is a pathovar of escherichia coli comprising four groups, shigella flexneri, shigella sonnei, shigella dysenteriae, and shigella boydii, each of them, with the exception of s.sonnei, comprising several serotypes. shigella accounts for the majority of dysentery causing infections occurring world-wide each year. recent advancements in the shigella field have led to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying host epithelial cell invasion and immune cell function manipula ...201627148494
shiga toxins as multi-functional proteins: induction of host cellular stress responses, role in pathogenesis and therapeutic applications.shiga toxins (stxs) produced by shiga toxin-producing bacteria shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 and select serotypes of escherichia coli are primary virulence factors in the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic colitis progressing to potentially fatal systemic complications, such as hemolytic uremic syndrome and central nervous system abnormalities. current therapeutic options to treat patients infected with toxin-producing bacteria are limited. the structures of stxs, toxin-receptor binding, intracellula ...201626999205
shiga toxin 1-producing shigella sonnei infections, california, united states, 2014-2015.shiga toxins (stx) are primarily associated with shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli and shigella dysenteriae serotype 1. stx production by other shigellae is uncommon, but in 2014, stx1-producing s. sonnei infections were detected in california. surveillance was enhanced to test s. sonnei isolates for the presence and expression of stx genes, perform dna subtyping, describe clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of case-patients, and investigate for sources of infection. during june 2014 ...201626982255
evaluation of antibacterial activity of plant mediated cao nanoparticles using cissus quadrangularis extract.an assessment of antibacterial activity of greenly synthesized nanoparticles using aqueous stem extract of cissus quadrangularis was carried out. the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by uv-vis spectroscopy, sem, xrd, ftir and further subjected for antibacterial activity against the pathogens staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, shigella dysenteriae and vibrio cholerae. the sem photograph represents cubic and hexagon ...201626723000
comparative analysis of the shiga toxin converting bacteriophage first detected in shigella sonnei.here we report the first complete nucleotide sequence of a shiga toxin (stx) converting phage from a shigella sonnei clinical isolate that harbors stx1 operon, first identified in the chromosome of shigella dysenteriae type 1. the phage named shigella phage 75/02 stx displayed podoviridae morphology. it proved to be transferable to escherichia coli k-12 strains, and cytotoxicity of the lysogenized strains was demonstrated in vero cell cultures. genomic analysis revealed that the prophage genome ...201626616675
two novel antimicrobial peptides from skin venoms of spadefoot toad megophrys minor.amphibian skin contains rich bioactive peptides. especially, a large amount of antimicrobial peptides have been identified from amphibian skin secretions. antimicrobial peptides display potent cytolytic activities against a range of pathogenic bacteria and fungi and play important defense roles. no antimicrobial peptides have been reported from toads belonging to the family of pelobatidae. in this work, two novel antimicrobial peptides (megin 1 and megin 2) were purified and characterized from t ...201627114317
[microbiological approach to a possible infective endocarditis case caused by aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans].aggregatibacter (actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans, a small, gram-negative coccobacillus that grows slow and fastidious, is generally colonized in the oral cavity. it is a rarely seen bacterium because of the difficulty of isolation but it can be a causative agent for dental infections and infective endocarditis (ie) particularly in the persons having prosthetic heart valves. in this report, a possible ie case caused by a.actinomycetemcomitans in a patient with aortic valve replacement has b ...201627175505
stable expression of shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 o-antigen genes integrated into the chromosome of live salmonella oral vaccine vector ty21a.typhoid fever and shigellosis cause high morbidity and mortality worldwide, yet no anti-shigella vaccine is currently available. however, to protect against typhoid fever, an approved vaccine, based on the attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhi strain ty21a is available. we have investigated ty21a as a live oral vaccine vector for expression of heterologous foreign antigens to protect against other diseases (e.g. shigellosis, anthrax, and plague). shigella lps is a potent vaccine antigen f ...201627655911
occurrence of potential bacterial pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns isolated from herbal medicinal products sold in different markets of gondar town, northwest ethiopia.background. the world health organization estimates that about 80% of the world's population uses herbal medicine to treat various illnesses as means of primary healthcare. however, during preparation, herbal plants may be exposed to contamination by potential pathogens, and this may lead to infections. the aim of this study was to determine bacterial contamination of herbal medicinal products and to assess the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolated bacteria. methods. a cross-sectiona ...201627299154
active shiga-like toxin produced by some aeromonas spp., isolated in mexico city.shiga-like toxins (stx) represent a group of bacterial toxins involved in human and animal diseases. stx is produced by enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli, shigella dysenteriae type 1, citrobacter freundii, and aeromonas spp.; stx is an important cause of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus). the aim of this study was to identify the stx1/stx2 genes in clinical strains and outer membrane vesicles (omvs) of aeromonas spp., 66 strains were isolated from children who live in mexico c ...201627725813
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