Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted ascending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
microbiological aetiology, epidemiology, and clinical profile of prosthetic joint infections: are current antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines effective?prosthetic joint infections remain a major complication of arthroplasty. at present, local and international guidelines recommend cefazolin as a surgical antibiotic prophylaxis at the time of arthroplasty. this retrospective cohort study conducted across 10 hospitals over a 3-year period (january 2006 to december 2008) investigated the epidemiology and microbiological etiology of prosthetic joint infections. there were 163 cases of prosthetic joint infection identified. from a review of the micr ...201222314530
microbiological analysis of a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial comparing moxifloxacin and clindamycin in the treatment of odontogenic infiltrates and abscesses.the objective of this study was to identify the oral pathogens found in odontogenic infections, to determine their susceptibilities to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (amc), clindamycin (cli), doxycycline (dox), levofloxacin (lvx), moxifloxacin (mxf), and penicillin (pen), and to search for associations between specific pathogens and types of infection. swabs from patients enrolled in a randomized, double-blind phase ii trial comparing mxf with cli for the treatment of odontogenic abscesses or infla ...201222354306
the role of allergy in severe asthma.the classification of asthma to identify forms which have different contributing causes is useful for all cases in which the disease requires regular treatment, but it is essential for the management of severe asthma. many forms of the disease can occur, and complex mixtures are not uncommon; here we artificially separated the cases into four groups: (i) inhalant allergy, (ii) fungal sensitization with or without colonization (including abpa); (iii) severe sinusitis with or without aspirin-exace ...201222515388
otitis media in a new mouse model for charge syndrome with a deletion in the chd7 gene.otitis media is a middle ear disease common in children under three years old. otitis media can occur in normal individuals with no other symptoms or syndromes, but it is often seen in individuals clinically diagnosed with genetic diseases such as charge syndrome, a complex genetic disease caused by mutation in the chd7 gene and characterized by multiple birth defects. although otitis media is common in human charge syndrome patients, it has not been reported in mouse models of charge syndrome. ...201222539951
the prevalence and identity of chlamydia-specific ige in children with asthma and other chronic respiratory symptoms.recent studies have confirmed the presence of viable chlamydia in the bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid of pediatric patients with airway hyperresponsiveness. while specific igg and igm responses to c. pneumoniae are well described, the response and potential contribution of ag-specific ige are not known. the current study sought to determine if infection with chlamydia triggers the production of pathogen-specific ige in children with chronic respiratory diseases which might contribute to infla ...201222512977
bacteria in sputum of stable severe asthma and increased airway wall thickness.patients with chronic asthma have thicker intrapulmonary airways measured on high resolution computed tomography (hrct). we determined whether the presence of lower airway bacteria was associated with increased airway wall thickness.201222513083
chronic lung disease in adolescents with delayed diagnosis of vertically acquired hiv infection.long-term survivors of vertically acquired human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection are reaching adolescence in large numbers in africa and are at high risk of delayed diagnosis and chronic complications of untreated hiv infection. chronic respiratory symptoms are more common than would be anticipated based on the hiv literature.201222474177
cough: neurophysiology, methods of research, pharmacological therapy and phonoaudiology.the cough is the more common respiratory symptom in children and adults.201225991944
presence of viral nucleic acids in the middle ear: acute otitis media pathogen or bystander?viruses play an important role in acute otitis media (aom) pathogenesis, and live viruses may cause aom in the absence of pathogenic bacteria. detection of aom pathogens generally relies on bacterial culture of middle ear fluid. when viral culture is used and live viruses are detected in the middle ear fluid of children with aom, the viruses are generally accepted as aom pathogens. because viral culture is not sensitive and does not detect the comprehensive spectrum of respiratory viruses, polym ...201222173136
mutational analyses reveal overall topology and functional regions of nilb, a bacterial outer membrane protein required for host association in a model of animal-microbe mutualism.the gammaproteobacterium xenorhabdus nematophila is a mutualistic symbiont that colonizes the intestine of the nematode steinernema carpocapsae. nilb (nematode intestine localization) is essential for x. nematophila colonization of nematodes and is predicted to encode an integral outer membrane beta-barrel protein, but evidence supporting this prediction has not been reported. the function of nilb is not known, but when expressed with two other factors encoded by nila and nilc, it confers upon n ...201222287518
global transcriptional control by nsrr in bacillus subtilis.the no-sensitive nsrr repressor of bacillus subtilis, which carries a [4fe-4s] cluster, controls transcription of nasd and hmp (class i regulation) under anaerobic conditions. here, we describe another class of nsrr regulation (class ii regulation) that controls a more diverse collection of genes. base substitution analysis showed that [4fe-4s]-nsrr recognizes a partial dyad symmetry within the class i cis-acting sites, whereas no-insensitive interaction of nsrr with an a+t-rich class ii regulat ...201222287527
aspergillus arthritis and organ transplantation.we report a case of a kidney and pancreas transplanted patient, hospitalized for septic hip arthritis. the whole diagnostic work-up including synovial and bone biopsies remained negative. after inefficient empirical anti-bacterial antibiotic treatment, femoral head resection was performed and tissue analysis revealed aspergillus fumigatus hyphae. treatment with voriconazole along with hip replacement led to complete recovery. however, drug interaction between immunosuppressive and anti-fungal dr ...201226069774
molecular surveillance of true nontypeable haemophilus influenzae: an evaluation of pcr screening assays.unambiguous identification of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is not possible by conventional microbiology. molecular characterisation of phenotypically defined nthi isolates suggests that up to 40% are haemophilus haemolyticus (hh); however, the genetic similarity of nthi and hh limits the power of simple molecular techniques such as pcr for species discrimination.201222470516
improved detection of bifidobacteria with optimised 16s rrna-gene based pyrosequencing.the 16s rrna gene is conserved across all bacteria and as such is routinely targeted in pcr surveys of bacterial diversity. pcr primer design aims to amplify as many different 16s rrna gene sequences from as wide a range of organisms as possible, though there are no suitable 100% conserved regions of the gene, leading to bias. in the gastrointestinal tract, bifidobacteria are a key genus, but are often under-represented in 16s rrna surveys of diversity. we have designed modified, 'bifidobacteria ...201222470420
critical appraisal of ceftaroline in the management of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and skin infections.ceftaroline is a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin β-lactam antibiotic with activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) as well as multidrug-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae among other routine gram positive and gram negative organisms. it has been approved by the us food and drug administration for treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (absssis). ceftaroline is approved for treatment of absssi due to ...201222547933
a questionnaire-based survey of indian ent surgeons to estimate clinic prevalence of acute otitis media, diagnostic practices, and management strategies.acute otitis media (aom) is common in indian children, but there is limited published information on its clinic prevalence, clinicians' diagnostic practices, and their management strategies. we approached 649 ear-nose-throat (ent) surgeons to assess these aspects of aom. we conducted the survey between may 2010 and february 2011 with the same set of ent surgeons practising across india, once each during summer, monsoon and winter, using a validated 36-item questionnaire to record their reflectiv ...201224427717
a questionnaire-based survey of indian ent surgeons to estimate clinic prevalence of acute otitis media, diagnostic practices, and management strategies.acute otitis media (aom) is common in indian children, but there is limited published information on its clinic prevalence, clinicians' diagnostic practices, and their management strategies. we approached 649 ear-nose-throat (ent) surgeons to assess these aspects of aom. we conducted the survey between may 2010 and february 2011 with the same set of ent surgeons practising across india, once each during summer, monsoon and winter, using a validated 36-item questionnaire to record their reflectiv ...201224427717
rate of isolation and trends of antimicrobial resistance of multidrug resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa from otorrhea in chronic suppurative otitis media.to assess the rate of isolation of pseudomonas aeruginosa (pa) and multidrug-resistant pa (mdr-pa) from patients with chronic suppurative otitis media (csom) otorrhea and the annual trend of antibiotic-resistance.201222468197
automated counting of bacterial colony forming units on agar plates.manual counting of bacterial colony forming units (cfus) on agar plates is laborious and error-prone. we therefore implemented a colony counting system with a novel segmentation algorithm to discriminate bacterial colonies from blood and other agar plates.a colony counter hardware was designed and a novel segmentation algorithm was written in matlab. in brief, pre-processing with top-hat-filtering to obtain a uniform background was followed by the segmentation step, during which the colony image ...201222448267
evaluation of a rapid immunochromatographic odk-0901 test for detection of pneumococcal antigen in middle ear fluids and nasopharyngeal secretions.since the incidence of penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae has been increasing at an astonishing rate throughout the world, the need for accurate and rapid identification of pneumococci has become increasingly important to determine the appropriate antimicrobial treatment. we have evaluated an immunochromatographic test (odk-0901) that detects pneumococcal antigens using 264 middle ear fluids (mefs) and 268 nasopharyngeal secretions (npss). a sample was defined to contain s. pneumoniae ...201222448257
the adaptor molecule nck localizes the wave complex to promote actin polymerization during ceacam3-mediated phagocytosis of bacteria.ceacam3 is a granulocyte receptor mediating the opsonin-independent recognition and phagocytosis of human-restricted ceacam-binding bacteria. ceacam3 function depends on an intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (itam)-like sequence that is tyrosine phosphorylated by src family kinases upon receptor engagement. the phosphorylated itam-like sequence triggers gtp-loading of rac by directly associating with the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (gef) vav. rac stimulation in t ...201222448228
value of microbiology study in congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction.evaluation of the effect of different microorganisms on congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (cnldo) tightness and whether probing or silastic intubation is likely to fail in a particular microorganism infection.201223960996
nasopharyngeal flora in children with acute otitis media before and after implementation of 7 valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in france.several studies have investigated the impact of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv7) on pneumococcal (sp) and staphylococcal (sa) nasopharyngeal (np) carriage. few have investigated the impact on haemophilus influenzae (hi) and moraxella catarrhalis (mc) carriage. we aimed to compare the np carriage rates in young children with acute otitis media (aom) before and after pcv7 implementation in france.201222397629
bacteriology of deep carious lesions underneath amalgam restorations with different pulp-capping materials--an in vivo analysis.microorganisms remaining in dentin following cavity preparation may induce pulp damage, requiring the use of pulp-capping agents with antimicrobial activity underneath permanent restorations.201222666827
hiv infections in otolaryngology.hiv (human immunodeficiency virus) infection may produce no clinical symptoms for 10 years on average. however, after many years of infection most people develop symptoms that indicate progression of the disease. there are no regular characteristic symptoms or early stage, and no logical sequence of aids indicator disorders has been observed. people who are not aware of the infection are referred to physicians of various specializations, including otolaryngologists. it is on their knowledge abou ...201222367140
the randomized comparative pediatric critical illness stress-induced immune suppression (crisis) prevention trial.nosocomial infection/sepsis occurs in up to 40% of children requiring long-term intensive care. zinc, selenium, glutamine, metoclopramide (a prolactin secretalogue), and/or whey protein supplementation have been effective in reducing infection and sepsis in other populations. we evaluated whether daily nutriceutical supplementation with zinc, selenium, glutamine, and metoclopramide, compared to whey protein, would reduce the occurrence of nosocomial infection/sepsis in this at-risk population.201222079954
human l-ficolin (ficolin-2) and its clinical significance.human l-ficolin (p35, ficolin-2) is synthesised in the liver and secreted into the bloodstream where it is one of the major pattern recognition molecules of plasma/serum. like other ficolins, it consists of a collagen-like tail region linked to a fibrinogen-related globular head; a basic triplet subunit arises via a collagen-like triple helix, and this then forms higher multimers (typically a 12-mer, mr 400k). unlike other ficolins, it has a complex set of binding sites arranged within an intern ...201222500076
utility of serum procalcitonin values in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cautionary note.serum procalcitonin levels have been used as a biomarker of invasive bacterial infection and recently have been advocated to guide antibiotic therapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). however, rigorous studies correlating procalcitonin levels with microbiologic data are lacking. acute exacerbations of copd (aecopd) have been linked to viral and bacterial infection as well as noninfectious causes. therefore, we evaluated procalcitonin as a predictor of viral versus ba ...201222399852
divergent pro-inflammatory profile of human dendritic cells in response to commensal and pathogenic bacteria associated with the airway microbiota.recent studies using culture-independent methods have characterized the human airway microbiota and report microbial communities distinct from other body sites. changes in these airway bacterial communities appear to be associated with inflammatory lung disease, yet the pro-inflammatory properties of individual bacterial species are unknown. in this study, we compared the immune stimulatory capacity on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (dcs) of selected airway commensal and pathogenic bacte ...201222363778
bacterial conjunctivitis.most cases of conjunctivitis in adults are probably due to viral infection, but children are more likely to develop bacterial conjunctivitis than they are viral forms. the main bacterial pathogens are haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae in adults and children, and moraxella catarrhalis in children. contact lens wearers may be more likely to develop gram-negative infections. bacterial keratitis occurs in up to 30 per 100,000 contact lens wearers.201222348418
interleukin 6, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and interleukin 10 in the prediction of risk and etiologic patterns in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: results from the german competence network capnetz.the aim of our study was to investigate the predictive value of the biomarkers interleukin 6 (il-6), interleukin 10 (il-10) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (lbp) compared with clinical crb and crb-65 severity scores in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (cap).201222348735
antioxidant pharmacological therapies for copd.increased oxidative stress occurs in the lungs and systemically in copd, which plays a role in many of the pathogenic mechanisms in copd. hence, targeting local lung and systemic oxidative stress with agents that modulate the antioxidants/redox system or boost endogenous antioxidants would be a useful therapeutic approach in copd. thiol antioxidants (n-acetyl-l-cysteine [nac] and n-acystelyn, carbocysteine, erdosteine, and fudosteine) have been used to increase lung thiol content. modulation of ...201222349417
development of 4h-pyridopyrimidines: a class of selective bacterial protein synthesis inhibitors.we have identified a series of compounds that inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria. initial ic50's in aminoacylation/translation (a/t) assays ranged from 3 to14 μm. this series of compounds are variations on a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-ol scaffold (e.g., 4h-pyridopyrimidine).201222373064
non-capsulated and capsulated haemophilus influenzae in children with acute otitis media in venezuela: a prospective epidemiological study.non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) and streptococcus pneumoniae are major causes of bacterial acute otitis media (aom). data regarding aom are limited in latin america. this is the first active surveillance in a private setting in venezuela to characterize the bacterial etiology of aom in children < 5 years of age.201222335965
exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.epidemiologic data indicate that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. patients with poorly managed copd are likely to experience exacerbations that require emergency department visits or hospitalization-two important drivers contributing to escalating healthcare resource use and costs associated with the disease. exacerbations also contribute to worsening lung function and negative outcomes in copd. the aim of this review is to present the p ...201222393337
defining the "core microbiome" of the microbial communities in the tonsils of healthy pigs.porcine tonsils are the colonization site for many pathogenic as well as commensal microorganisms and are the primary lymphoid tissue encountered by organisms entering through the mouth or nares. the goal of this study was to provide an in-depth characterization of the composition and structure of the tonsillar microbial communities and to define the core microbiome in the tonsils of healthy pigs, using high throughput bar-coded 454-flx pyrosequencing.201222313693
synergistic and feedback signaling mechanisms in the regulation of inflammation in respiratory infections.pneumonia, the most typical and frequent lower respiratory tract infection (lrti), is a leading cause of health problems in the united states. bacteria represent the most prevailing cause of pneumonia in both children and adults. although pneumonia with a single bacterial infection is common, a significant portion of patients with pneumonia is polymicrobial. this infection is often complexed with other physiological factors such as cytokines and growth factors. nontypeable haemophilus influenzae ...201222307042
clinical evaluation of the role of ceftaroline in the management of community acquired bacterial pneumonia.ceftaroline fosamil (ceftaroline) was recently approved for the treatment of community- acquired pneumonia (cap) and complicated skin infections. this newly developed cephalosporin possesses a broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. most importantly, ceftaroline demonstrates potent in vitro antimicrobial activity against multi-drug resistant streptococcus pneumoniae and methicillin-resistant strains of staphylococcus aureus. in two phase iii, double-blinded, ...201222355258
a bacterial siren song: intimate interactions between neisseria and neutrophils.neisseria gonorrhoeae and neisseria meningitidis are gram-negative bacterial pathogens that are exquisitely adapted for growth at human mucosal surfaces and for efficient transmission between hosts. one factor that is essential to neisserial pathogenesis is the interaction between the bacteria and neutrophils, which are recruited in high numbers during infection. although this vigorous host response could simply reflect effective immune recognition of the bacteria, there is mounting evidence tha ...201222290508
infection, eosinophilia and childhood asthma.there is a growing list of viruses and bacteria associated with wheezing illness and asthma. it is well known that a few of these pathogens are strongly associated with wheezing illness and asthma exacerbations. what is not known is if early childhood infections with these pathogens cause asthma, and, if so, exactly what are the pathophysiologic mechanisms behind its development. the current consensus is respiratory infection works together with allergy to produce the immune and physiologic cond ...201222348202
conjunctival sac bacterial flora isolated prior to cataract surgery.to determine the trends of conjunctival sac bacterial flora isolated from patients prior to cataract surgery.201222294861
transcriptome signature in young children with acute otitis media due to streptococcus pneumoniae.streptococcus pneumoniae (spn) is the predominant causative organism of acute otitis media in children. to better understand the genes that are regulated at the onset of aom caused by spn infection in the middle ear, the transcriptome profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from children prior to and during an aom event was evaluated by microarray. we found that 1903 (6.2%) of 29,187 genes were differentially regulated greater than 2-fold at the onset of aom compared to the pre-in ...201222306269
bedside prediction rule for infections after pediatric cardiac surgery.infections after pediatric cardiac surgery are a common complication, occurring in up to 30% of cases. the purpose of this study was to develop a bedside prediction rule to estimate the risk of a postoperative infection.201222258564
ceftaroline in complicated skin and skin-structure infections.ceftaroline is an advanced-generation cephalosporin antibiotic recently approved by the us food and drug administration for the treatment of complicated skin and skin-structure infections (csssis). this intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotic exerts potent bactericidal activity by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. a high affinity for the penicillin-binding protein 2a (pbp2a) of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) makes the drug especially beneficial to patients with mrsa css ...201222294860
the upec pore-forming toxin α-hemolysin triggers proteolysis of host proteins to disrupt cell adhesion, inflammatory, and survival pathways.uropathogenic escherichia coli (upec), which are the leading cause of both acute and chronic urinary tract infections, often secrete a labile pore-forming toxin known as α-hemolysin (hlya). we show that stable insertion of hlya into epithelial cell and macrophage membranes triggers degradation of the cytoskeletal scaffolding protein paxillin and other host regulatory proteins, as well as components of the proinflammatory nfκb signaling cascade. proteolysis of these factors requires host serine p ...201222264513
gargling for oral hygiene and the development of fever in childhood: a population study in japan.fever is one of the most common symptoms among children and is usually caused by respiratory infections. although japanese health authorities have long recommended gargling to prevent respiratory infections, its effectiveness among children is not clear.201222123226
managing wheeze in preschool children: how difficult can it be?wheeze is a common symptom in infants and preschool children. up to 30% of children wheeze at least once before the age of 3 years and 2% of those have it severe enough to warrant hospital admission. not only parents but also physicians have difficulty in recognizing wheeze. wrong diagnosis of the underlying condition leads to inappropriate and unnecessary management and patient morbidity. asthma is the commonest underlying condition in children with wheeze, but the differential diagnosis is qui ...201227493341
functional heterogeneity in the basophil cell lineage.cd4(+) t-helper type 2 (th2) cells, characterized by their expression of interleukin (il)-4, il-5, il-9, and il-13, are required for immunity to helminth parasites and promote the pathological inflammation associated with asthma and allergic diseases. recent reports from a number of laboratories have indicated that basophils can influence the induction and/or effector stages of th2 cytokine-mediated inflammation. however, the impact of basophils appears to depend on the anatomical location and n ...201222608258
risk factors and outcomes for pandemic h1n1 influenza compared with seasonal influenza in hospitalized children in china.to compare clinical features and outcomes of children hospitalized in china with pandemic (p)h1n1 between 2009 and 2010 versus seasonal influenza a between 2008 and 2009.201224294275
selective decontamination of the digestive tract: an update of the evidence.selective decontamination of the digestive tract has been proven to prevent severe infections and to reduce mortality in critically ill patients. historical arguments against its use, like the development of bacterial resistance and the absence of influence on mortality, have not been confirmed. recent clinical trials designed to evaluate these variables and meta-analyses showed remarkable reductions in the incidence of resistant bacteria and a significant beneficial effect on survival. this rev ...201223440328
childhood microbial keratitis.to evaluate risk factors for pediatric microbial keratitis and to describe the clinical picture, microbial spectrum, treatment modalities, posttreatment sequelae, and visual outcome in cases with pediatric microbial keratitis.201222557873
characterization of esterase a, a pseudomonas stutzeri a15 autotransporter.autotransporters are a widespread family of proteins, generally known as virulence factors produced by gram-negative bacteria. in this study, the esterase a (esta) autotransporter of the rice root-colonizing beneficial bacterium pseudomonas stutzeri a15 was characterized. a multiple sequence alignment identified esta as belonging to clade ii of the gdsl esterase family. autologous overexpression allowed the investigation of several features of both autotransporter proteins and gdsl esterases. fi ...201222307303
the chemical composition of endotoxin isolated from intestinal strain of desulfovibrio desulfuricans.desulfovibrio desulfuricans anaerobes are constituents of human alimentary tract microflora. there are suggestions that they take part in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and some gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders, such as ulcerative colitis or crohn's disease. endotoxin is one of gram-negative bacteria cellular components that influence these microorganisms pathogenicity. endotoxin is a lipid-polisaccharide heteropolymer consisting of three elements: lipid a, core oligosaccharide, and o- ...201222629175
molecular characterization of plasmid pmbo4.6 of moraxella bovis atcc 10900.we report the characterization of a small cryptic plasmid unlike any previously described from moraxella bovis atcc 10900, a gram-negative bacterium belonging to the family moraxellaceae. the complete nucleotide sequence of the plasmid pmbo4.6 was determined. the plasmid was analyzed and found to be 4658 in size with a g+c content of 38.6 mol %. computer analysis of the sequence data revealed four major open reading frames encoding putative proteins of 10.1 (orf1), 64.2 (orf2), 45.7 (orf3), and ...201223129346
molecular characterization of plasmid pmbo4.6 of moraxella bovis atcc 10900.we report the characterization of a small cryptic plasmid unlike any previously described from moraxella bovis atcc 10900, a gram-negative bacterium belonging to the family moraxellaceae. the complete nucleotide sequence of the plasmid pmbo4.6 was determined. the plasmid was analyzed and found to be 4658 in size with a g+c content of 38.6 mol %. computer analysis of the sequence data revealed four major open reading frames encoding putative proteins of 10.1 (orf1), 64.2 (orf2), 45.7 (orf3), and ...201223129346
[in vitro susceptibilities to levofloxacin and various antibacterial agents of 12,866 clinical isolates obtained from 72 centers in 2010].postmarketing surveillance of levofloxacin (lvfx) has been conducted continuously since 1992. the present survey was performed to investigate in vitro susceptibility of recent clinical isolates in japan to 30 selected antibacterial agents, focusing on fluoroquinolones (fqs). the common respiratory pathogens streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, and haemophilus influenzae continue to show a high susceptibility to fqs. in contrast, widely-prevailing resistance to ...201223173294
comparative in vitro activity of sitafloxacin against bacteria isolated from thai patients with urinary tract infections and lower respiratory tract infections.to determine comparative in vitro activity of sitafloxacin against clinical isolates of bacteria from thai patients with urinary tract infection and those with lower respiratory tract infection.201222574524
[changes of etiology of chronic sinusitis].to explore etiology distribution changes of chronic naso sinusitis.201222568256
activity of the thiopeptide antibiotic nosiheptide against contemporary strains of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.the rapid rise in antimicrobial resistance in bacteria has generated an increased demand for the development of novel therapies to treat contemporary infections, especially those caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). however, antimicrobial development has been largely abandoned by the pharmaceutical industry. we recently isolated the previously described thiopeptide antibiotic nosiheptide from a marine actinomycete strain and evaluated its activity against contemporary cl ...201223047246
repeating blood cultures in neutropenic children with persistent fevers when the initial blood culture is negative.febrile neutropenia is a common reason for the hospitalization of pediatric oncology patients. the initiation of antibiotics and the overall decline in rates of bacteremia, would predict a low yield of detection of bacteremia in repeated blood cultures. despite little evidence supporting the utility of serial cultures, repeat culturing with fever persists.201223047811
repeating blood cultures in neutropenic children with persistent fevers when the initial blood culture is negative.febrile neutropenia is a common reason for the hospitalization of pediatric oncology patients. the initiation of antibiotics and the overall decline in rates of bacteremia, would predict a low yield of detection of bacteremia in repeated blood cultures. despite little evidence supporting the utility of serial cultures, repeat culturing with fever persists.201223047811
the human milk protein-lipid complex hamlet sensitizes bacterial pathogens to traditional antimicrobial agents.the fight against antibiotic resistance is one of the most significant challenges to public health of our time. the inevitable development of resistance following the introduction of novel antibiotics has led to an urgent need for the development of new antibacterial drugs with new mechanisms of action that are not susceptible to existing resistance mechanisms. one such compound is hamlet, a natural complex from human milk that kills streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) using a mechanism ...201222905269
identification of ata, a multifunctional trimeric autotransporter of acinetobacter baumannii.acinetobacter baumannii has recently emerged as a highly troublesome nosocomial pathogen, especially in patients in intensive care units and in those undergoing mechanical ventilation. we have identified a surface protein adhesin of a. baumannii, designated the acinetobacter trimeric autotransporter (ata), that contains all of the typical features of trimeric autotransporters (ta), including a long signal peptide followed by an n-terminal, surface-exposed passenger domain and a c-terminal domain ...201222609912
proteomic analysis of neisseria gonorrhoeae biofilms shows shift to anaerobic respiration and changes in nutrient transport and outermembrane proteins.neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of gonorrhea, can form biofilms in vitro and in vivo. in biofilms, the organism is more resistant to antibiotic treatment and can serve as a reservoir for chronic infection. we have used stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (silac) to compare protein expression in biofilm and planktonic organisms. two parallel populations of n. gonorrhoeae strain 1291, which is an arginine auxotroph, were grown for 48 h in continuous-flow chambers over ...201222701624
current epidemiology and growing resistance of gram-negative pathogens.in the 1980s, gram-negative pathogens appeared to have been beaten by oxyimino-cephalosporins, carbapenems, and fluoroquinolones. yet these pathogens have fought back, aided by their membrane organization, which promotes the exclusion and efflux of antibiotics, and by a remarkable propensity to recruit, transfer, and modify the expression of resistance genes, including those for extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbls), carbapenemases, aminoglycoside-blocking 16s rrna methylases, and even a quinol ...201222707882
quantitative real-time pcr for detection of acinetobacter baumannii colonization in the hospital environment.a real-time pcr assay was developed for detecting the presence of acinetobacter baumannii on hospital equipment and compared to conventional bacterial culture using 100 hospital environmental samples. the real-time pcr detected contaminated surfaces in 4 h with high sensitivity (100%) compared to conventional culture. thirty-eight percent of samples were positive by real-time pcr and negative by bacterial culture (false positives), possibly indicating the widespread presence of bacterial dna tha ...201222301021
a new pharmacological agent (akb-4924) stabilizes hypoxia inducible factor-1 (hif-1) and increases skin innate defenses against bacterial infection.hypoxia inducible factor-1 (hif-1) is a transcription factor that is a major regulator of energy homeostasis and cellular adaptation to low oxygen stress. hif-1 is also activated in response to bacterial pathogens and supports the innate immune response of both phagocytes and keratinocytes. in this work, we show that a new pharmacological compound akb-4924 increases hif-1 levels and enhances the antibacterial activity of phagocytes and keratinocytes against both methicillin-sensitive and methici ...201222371073
antibacterial activity of wine phenolic compounds and oenological extracts against potential respiratory pathogens.to investigate the effect of seven wine phenolic compounds and six oenological phenolic extracts on the growth of pathogenic bacteria associated with respiratory diseases (pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, moraxella catarrhalis, enterococcus faecalis, streptococcus sp group f, streptococcus agalactiae and streptococcus pneumoniae).201222449241
an antimicrobial evaluation of plants used for the treatment of respiratory infections in rural maputaland, kwazulu-natal, south africa.abundant availability of medicinal plants in the study area offers low cost health care, but scientific validation is needed in order to lend credibility to the traditional use against respiratory infections.201222960551
[investigation of bacterial etiology with conventional and multiplex pcr methods in adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia].community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is still a serious life-threatening disease, in which the etiologic agent cannot be identified in more than 50% of patients despite advanced diagnostic methods. the most commonly used methods in the determination of cap etiology are culture and serological tests. since early and accurate therapy reduces the mortality in cap cases, rapid and reliable diagnostic methods are needed. the aim of this study was to determine the bacterial etiology in adult patients wi ...201223188566
[study of prevalence of rare and difficult to cultivate causative agents of inflammatory diseases of respiratory organs].study the prevalence of mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydophila pneumoniae, chlamydophila psittaci, legionella pneumophila, moraxella catarrhalis, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex i/ii virus (hsv i/ii) in individuals of various age groups with varying inflammatory broncho-pulmonary diseases.201223163026
antimicrobial activity of the novel pleuromutilin antibiotic bc-3781 against organisms responsible for community-acquired respiratory tract infections (cartis).bc-3781 is an investigational semi-synthetic pleuromutilin antibiotic, which recently finished a clinical phase 2 trial in acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections. bc-3781 binds to the 50s ribosomal subunit and cross-resistance with other antimicrobial classes is uncommon. we evaluated the activity of bc-3781 against organisms responsible for community-acquired respiratory tract infections (cartis).201222287234
[comparison of culture and real-time pcr methods in the detection of streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae in acute otitis media effusion specimens].streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae are the major etiologic agents of acute otitis media. this study was aimed to compare the detection rate of s.pneumoniae and h.influenzae by culture and real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) in the middle ear effusions of patients diagnosed as acute otitis media. a total of 60 middle ear effusion samples collected from children with acute otitis media were included in the study. the samples were inoculated and incubated in bactec ped plu ...201223188581
molecular mechanism of macrolide-lincosamide resistance in moraxella catarrhalis.we identified a moraxella catarrhalis strain with high-level resistance to azithromycin (mic>256 mg l(-1)), nsh1, isolated from nasopharyngeal swab samples from an inpatient with acute bronchitis in a japanese hospital in 2011 and determined its mechanism of macrolide-lincosamide resistance. antimicrobial susceptibility of m. catarrhalis strains was determined using the etest and agar dilution methods. mutations in the four 23s rrna alleles, the ribosomal proteins l4 and l22, and methylase genes ...201222820696
bacteriology of the paranasal sinuses in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients.to review the characteristic microbiology of the paranasal sinuses in patients with cystic fibrosis who undergo endoscopic sinus surgery. to examine the subtypes of organisms cultured from the maxillary sinuses and determine their sensitivity to antibiotic therapy.201222513080
infectious etiologies of acute febrile illness among patients seeking health care in south-central cambodia.the agents of human febrile illness can vary by region and country suggesting that diagnosis, treatment, and control programs need to be based on a methodical evaluation of area-specific etiologies. from december 2006 to december 2009, 9,997 individuals presenting with acute febrile illness at nine health care clinics in south-central cambodia were enrolled in a study to elucidate the etiologies. upon enrollment, respiratory specimens, whole blood, and serum were collected. testing was performed ...201222302857
epigenetics and bacterial infections.epigenetic mechanisms regulate expression of the genome to generate various cell types during development or orchestrate cellular responses to external stimuli. recent studies highlight that bacteria can affect the chromatin structure and transcriptional program of host cells by influencing diverse epigenetic factors (i.e., histone modifications, dna methylation, chromatin-associated complexes, noncoding rnas, and rna splicing factors). in this article, we first review the molecular bases of the ...201223209181
nitrous oxide production and consumption: regulation of gene expression by gas-sensitive transcription factors.several biochemical mechanisms contribute to the biological generation of nitrous oxide (n(2)o). n(2)o generating enzymes include the respiratory nitric oxide (no) reductase, an enzyme from the flavo-diiron family, and flavohaemoglobin. on the other hand, there is only one enzyme that is known to use n(2)o as a substrate, which is the respiratory n(2)o reductase typically found in bacteria capable of denitrification (the respiratory reduction of nitrate and nitrite to dinitrogen). this article w ...201222451107
duplex quantitative real-time pcr assay for the detection and discrimination of the eggs of toxocara canis and toxocara cati (nematoda, ascaridoidea) in soil and fecal samples.toxocarosis is a zoonotic disease caused by toxocara canis (t. canis) and/or toxocara cati (t. cati), two worldwide distributed roundworms which are parasites of canids and felids, respectively. infections of humans occur through ingestion of embryonated eggs of t. canis or t. cati, when playing with soils contaminated with dogs or cats feces. accordingly, the assessment of potential contamination of these areas with these roundworms eggs is paramount.201223216873
bloodstream infections in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension treated with intravenous prostanoids: insights from the reveal registry®.to evaluate the rate of and potential risk factors for bloodstream infections (bsis) using data from the reveal (registry to evaluate early and long-term pulmonary arterial hypertension [pah] disease management) registry(®), which provides current information about patients with pah.201222883740
identification of the genes involved in riemerella anatipestifer biofilm formation by random transposon mutagenesis.riemerella anatipestifer causes epizootics of infectious disease in poultry that result in serious economic losses to the duck industry. our previous studies have shown that some strains of r. anatipestifer can form a biofilm, and this may explain the intriguing persistence of r. anatipestifer on duck farms post infection. in this study we used strain ch3, a strong producer of biofilm, to construct a library of random tn4351 transposon mutants in order to investigate the genetic basis of biofilm ...201222768127
characterization of the viral microbiome in patients with severe lower respiratory tract infections, using metagenomic sequencing.the human respiratory tract is heavily exposed to microorganisms. viral respiratory tract pathogens, like rsv, influenza and rhinoviruses cause major morbidity and mortality from respiratory tract disease. furthermore, as viruses have limited means of transmission, viruses that cause pathogenicity in other tissues may be transmitted through the respiratory tract. it is therefore important to chart the human virome in this compartment. we have studied nasopharyngeal aspirate samples submitted to ...201222355331
origin of the diversity in dna recognition domains in phasevarion associated moda genes of pathogenic neisseria and haemophilus influenzae.phase variable restriction-modification (r-m) systems have been identified in a range of pathogenic bacteria. in some it has been demonstrated that the random switching of the mod (dna methyltransferase) gene mediates the coordinated expression of multiple genes and constitutes a phasevarion (phase variable regulon). moda of neisseria and haemophilus influenzae contain a highly variable, dna recognition domain (drd) that defines the target sequence that is modified by methylation and is used to ...201222457715
in vitro activity of tp-271 against mycobacterium abscessus, mycobacterium fortuitum, and nocardia species.the in vitro activities of tp-271, a novel fluorocycline antimicrobial, against 22 isolates of mycobacterium abscessus, 22 isolates of mycobacterium fortuitum, and 19 isolates of nocardia spp. were studied by a microtiter broth dilution method. the mic(90)s for m. abscessus, m. fortuitum, and nocardia spp. were 0.5 μg/ml, 0.03 μg/ml, and 8 μg/ml, respectively. tp-271 was significantly more active than the respective control drug in virtually all tests.201222585214
outer membrane vesicles from brucella abortus promote bacterial internalization by human monocytes and modulate their innate immune response.outer membrane vesicles (omvs) released by some gram-negative bacteria have been shown to exert immunomodulatory effects that favor the establishment of the infection. the aim of the present study was to assess the interaction of omvs from brucella abortus with human epithelial cells (hela) and monocytes (thp-1), and the potential immunomodulatory effects they may exert. using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry, fitc-labeled omvs were shown to be internalized by both cell types. internalizat ...201223189190
newer antibacterials in therapy and clinical trials.in order to deal with the rising problem of antibiotic resistance, newer antibacterials are being discovered and added to existing pool. since the year 2000, however, only four new classes of antibacterials have been discovered. these include the oxazolidinones, glycolipopeptides, glycolipodepepsipeptide and pleuromutilins. newer drugs were added to existing classes of antibiotics, such as streptogramins, quinolones, beta-lactam antibiotics, and macrolide-, tetracycline- and trimethoprim-related ...201223181224
global fluoroquinolone resistance epidemiology and implictions for clinical use.this paper on the fluoroquinolone resistance epidemiology stratifies the data according to the different prescription patterns by either primary or tertiary caregivers and by indication. global surveillance studies demonstrate that fluoroquinolone resistance rates increased in the past years in almost all bacterial species except s. pneumoniae and h. influenzae, causing community-acquired respiratory tract infections. however, 10 to 30% of these isolates harbored first-step mutations conferring ...201223097666
the neutrophil-lymphocyte count ratio in patients with community-acquired pneumonia.the neutrophil-lymphocyte count ratio (nlcr) has been identified as a predictor of bacteremia in medical emergencies. the aim of this study was to investigate the value of the nlcr in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (cap).201223049706
comparison of plasma, epithelial lining fluid, and alveolar macrophage concentrations of solithromycin (cem-101) in healthy adult subjects.the steady-state concentrations of solithromycin in plasma were compared with concomitant concentrations in epithelial lining fluid (elf) and alveolar macrophages (am) obtained from intrapulmonary samples during bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) in 30 healthy adult subjects. subjects received oral solithromycin at 400 mg once daily for five consecutive days. bronchoscopy and bal were carried out once in each subject at either 3, 6, 9, 12, or 24 h after the last administered dose of s ...201222802254
etiology and incidence of viral and bacterial acute respiratory illness among older children and adults in rural western kenya, 2007-2010.few comprehensive data exist on disease incidence for specific etiologies of acute respiratory illness (ari) in older children and adults in africa.201222937071
does the adoption of eucast susceptibility breakpoints affect the selection of antimicrobials to treat acute community-acquired respiratory tract infections?in several european countries, by the end of 2012, clsi guidelines will be replaced by eucast. we compared antimicrobial susceptibility results of a large number of respiratory pathogens using both eucast and previously adopted clsi criteria to evaluate the impact on susceptibility patterns and the possible consequences that could occur in clinical practice due to this replacement.for s. pyogenes and s. aureus, the interpretation of susceptibility data using the eucast criteria did not produce r ...201222866984
blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin ratio independently predicts mortality and severity of community-acquired pneumonia.early studies of community-acquired pneumonia showed that nonsurvivors had higher blood urea nitrogen levels and lower serum albumin levels than survivors. therefore, elevation of the blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin (b/a) ratio may identify patients with community-acquired pneumonia who are becoming critically ill. this study investigated the correlation between commonly used laboratory markers, in particular the b/a ratio, and clinical outcomes of community-acquired pneumonia.201222866010
efficacy and safety of oral gemifloxacin for the empirical treatment of pneumonia.respiratory tract infections (rti) are common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. initial antibiotic therapy in upper and lower respiratory tract infections is usually empirical. the increasing evidence of antibacterial resistance in the pathogens commonly associated with pneumonia has raised concerns about the efficacy of currently available therapies and poses a challenge to clinicians. gemifloxacin is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent exhibiting potent activity against ...201222919164
cethromycin versus clarithromycin for community-acquired pneumonia: comparative efficacy and safety outcomes from two double-blinded, randomized, parallel-group, multicenter, multinational noninferiority studies.community-acquired pneumonia (cap) continues to be a major health challenge in the united states and globally. factors such as overprescribing of antibiotics and noncompliance with dosing regimens have added to the growing antibacterial resistance problem. in addition, several agents available for the treatment of cap have been associated with serious side effects. cethromycin is a new ketolide antibiotic that may provide prescribing physicians with an additional agent to supplement a continuall ...201222290969
structure of an essential type iv pilus biogenesis protein provides insights into pilus and type ii secretion systems.type iv pili (t4ps) are long cell surface filaments, essential for microcolony formation, tissue adherence, motility, transformation, and virulence by human pathogens. the enteropathogenic escherichia coli bundle-forming pilus is a prototypic t4p assembled and powered by bfpd, a conserved gspe secretion superfamily atpase held by inner-membrane proteins bfpc and bfpe, a gspf-family membrane protein. although the t4p assembly machinery shares similarity with type ii secretion (t2s) systems, the s ...201222387466
strategies of exploitation of mammalian reservoirs by bartonella species.numerous mammal species, including domestic and wild animals such as ruminants, dogs, cats and rodents, as well as humans, serve as reservoir hosts for various bartonella species. some of those species that exploit non-human mammals as reservoir hosts have zoonotic potential. our understanding of interactions between bartonellae and reservoir hosts has been greatly improved by the development of animal models for infection and the use of molecular tools allowing large scale mutagenesis of barton ...201222369683
diagnosis and treatment of hiv-associated manifestations in otolaryngology.almost 30 years after its first description, hiv still remains a global pandemic. the present paper aims to review the current knowledge on the ear, nose and throat (ent) manifestations of hiv infection, and present the available diagnostic and treatment options. a literature review was conducted in medline and other available database sources. information from related books was also included in the data analysis. it is well acknowledged that up to 80% of hiv-infected patients eventually develop ...201224470939
[consensus guidelines for the management of upper respiratory tract infections].upper respiratory tract infections are the most common source of antibiotic prescriptions. acute pharyngitis is caused mainly by viruses, viral cases can be distinguished from acute streptococcal pharyngitis using centor clinical epidemiological criteria, by rapid antigen tests or throat culture. treatment of choice for streptococcal infection is penicillin v given in two daily doses. in children, acute otitis media (aom) is the infection for which antibiotics are most often prescribed. predomin ...201223241293
tympanocentesis results of a canadian pediatric myringotomy population, 2008 to 2010.this study was completed to evaluate the middle ear microbiology of a pediatric population with chronic otitis media with effusion and to determine if there has been a change in the spectrum of microorganisms or their antibiotic susceptibility in the modern age of antibiotic therapy.201222935180
[nasopharyngeal carriage of children 6 to 60 months during the implementation of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine].since 2001 in france, a nasopharyngeal carriage study was set up for children six to 24 months old. any data are available for older children (25 to 60 months). the aim of this study is to compare the nasopharyngeal carriage in children with acute otitis media (aom) or healthy between both age groups (6/24 months versus 25/60 months). moreover, during the study period, the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv13) has replaced pcv7 in june 2010.201222925540
Refresh
firstprev
...41424344454647484950...
nextlast
Displaying items 4301 - 4400 of 5747