Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [cholangitis with hepatic microabscesses caused by salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis]. | a 71-year-old man was admitted to the emergency unit of another hospital with a mild gastroenteritis and high fever. on admission g-gt and c-reactive protein (crp) levels were markedly elevated. under nonspecific antibiotic therapy with ampicillin/sulbactam the fever persisted and for the first time, on day 5, the patient complained of right-sided abdominal pain. an increase in the laboratory values indicated cholestasis. after changing the antibiotics to ceftriaxon and metronidazole, acute chol ... | 2007 | 17520506 |
| prophage sequences defining hot spots of genome variation in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium can be used to discriminate between field isolates. | sixty-one salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolates of animal and human origin, matched by phage type, antimicrobial resistance pattern, and place of isolation, were analyzed by microbiological and molecular techniques, including pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and plasmid profiling. pfge identified 10 profiles that clustered by phage type and antibiotic resistance pattern with human and animal isolates distributed among different pfge profiles. genomic dna was purified from 23 re ... | 2007 | 17522270 |
| genotypic analysis of salmonella enterica serovar typhi collected during two successive autumnal typhoid outbreaks in southeast tunisia. | investigation of two successive autumnal outbreaks of typhoid fever that occurred in southeast tunisia. | 2007 | 17524573 |
| impact of salmonella typhimurium dt104 virulence factors invc and ssed on the onset, clinical course, colonization patterns and immune response of porcine salmonellosis. | the present study was conducted to study the impact of the virulence factors invc and ssed of the two type iii secretion systems of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) on the pathogenesis of the porcine s. typhimurium dt104 infection. for this purpose, two s. typhimurium mutant strains with a disrupted invc gene of the salmonella pathogenicity island 1 or with a disrupted ssed gene of the salmonella pathogenicity island 2 have been studied in experimental infection of pigs. ... | 2007 | 17524577 |
| an electrochemical method for simultaneous detection and identification of escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus and salmonella choleraesuis using a glucose oxidase-peroxidase composite biosensor. | quantification of bacterial pollution by amperometric detection at 0.0 v of glucose consumption at a graphite-teflon-glucose oxidase-peroxidase-ferrocene composite biosensor under flow injection conditions is reported. using escherichia coli as the model bacterium, the composition of the growing medium was optimized. a constant glucose concentration of 4.0 x 10(-4) m was added to the culture medium. the relative response to glucose, expressed as the ratio between the amperometric signal and the ... | 2007 | 17525815 |
| fepa- and tonb-dependent bacteriophage h8: receptor binding and genomic sequence. | h8 is derived from a collection of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis bacteriophage. its morphology and genomic structure closely resemble those of bacteriophage t5 in the family siphoviridae. h8 infected s. enterica serotypes enteritidis and typhimurium and escherichia coli by initial adsorption to the outer membrane protein fepa. ferric enterobactin inhibited h8 binding to e. coli fepa (50% inhibition concentration, 98 nm), and other ferric catecholate receptors (fiu, cir, and iron) did ... | 2007 | 17526714 |
| differential interaction of aggregatibacter (actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans lsrb and rbsb proteins with autoinducer 2. | our previous studies showed that the aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans rbsb protein interacts with cognate and heterologous autoinducer 2 (ai-2) signals and suggested that the rbsdabck operon encodes a transporter that may internalize ai-2 (d. james et al., infect. immun. 74:4021-4029, 2006.). however, a. actinomycetemcomitans also possesses genes related to the lsr operon of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium which function to import ai-2. here, we show that a. actinomycetemcomitans ls ... | 2007 | 17526716 |
| simple approach for isolating mutants expressing fimbriae. | genomes of members of the family enterobacteriaceae contain large repertoires of putative fimbrial operons. since many of these operons are poorly expressed in vitro, a convenient method for inducing elaboration of the encoded fimbriae would greatly facilitate their functional characterization. here we describe a new technique for identifying fimbriated bacteria from a library of transposon mutants by screening with immunomagnetic particles for ligand expression (simple). the simple method was a ... | 2007 | 17526787 |
| bacteriophage therapy to reduce salmonella colonization of broiler chickens. | acute enteric infections caused by salmonellas remain a major public health burden worldwide. poultry, particularly chickens, are known to be the main reservoir for this zoonotic pathogen. although some progress has been made in reducing salmonella colonization of broiler chickens by using biosecurity and antimicrobials, it still remains a considerable problem. the use of host-specific bacteriophages as a biocontrol is one possible intervention by which salmonella colonization could be reduced. ... | 2007 | 17526794 |
| nsrr: a key regulator circumventing salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium oxidative and nitrosative stress in vitro and in ifn-gamma-stimulated j774.2 macrophages. | over the past decade, the flavohaemoglobin hmp has emerged as the most significant nitric oxide (no)-detoxifying protein in many diverse micro-organisms, particularly pathogenic bacteria. its expression in enterobacteria is dramatically increased on exposure to no and other agents of nitrosative stress as a result of transcriptional regulation of hmp gene expression, mediated by (at least) four regulators. one such regulator, nsrr, has recently been shown to be responsible for repression of hmp ... | 2007 | 17526833 |
| differential salmonella survival against communities of intestinal amoebae. | predation from intestinal amoebae may provide selective pressure for the maintenance of high genetic diversity at the salmonella enterica rfb locus, whereby serovars better escape predators in particular environments depending on the o-antigens they express. here, the hypothesis that amoebae from a particular intestinal environment collectively prefer one serovar over another is tested. collections of acanthamoeba, tetramitus, naegleria and hartmannella were isolated from the intestinal tracts o ... | 2007 | 17526835 |
| plasmids derived from gifsy-1/gifsy-2, lambdoid prophages contributing to the virulence of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium: implications for the evolution of replication initiation proteins of lambdoid phages and enterobacteria. | gifsy-1 and gifsy-2 are lambdoid prophages which contribute to the virulence of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. the nucleotide sequence of the replication region of both prophages is identical, and similar in organization to the replication region of bacteriophage lambda. to investigate the replication of the gifsy phages and the relationship between gifsy and host chromosome replication, a plasmid which contained all the genes and regulatory sequences required for autonomous replicatio ... | 2007 | 17526845 |
| role in virulence and protective efficacy in pigs of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium secreted components identified by signature-tagged mutagenesis. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) is a zoonotic enteric pathogen of worldwide importance and pigs are a significant reservoir of human infection. signature-tagged transposon mutagenesis (stm) was used to identify genes required by s. typhimurium to colonize porcine intestines. a library of 1045 signature-tagged mutants of s. typhimurium st4/74 nal(r) was screened following oral inoculation of pigs in duplicate. a total of 119 attenuating mutations were identified in 95 dif ... | 2007 | 17526851 |
| prevalence, distribution and characterisation of ceftiofur resistance in salmonella enterica isolated from animals in the usa from 1999 to 2003. | third-generation cephalosporin (3gc) antimicrobials are the drugs of choice for treatment of salmonellosis in children. salmonella isolated in the usa are assayed by the national antimicrobial resistance monitoring system (narms) for resistance to antimicrobials including first-, second- and third-generation cephalosporins. from 1999 to 2003, 34,411 salmonella were isolated from animals in the usa, of which 10.9% were found to be resistant to ceftiofur, a 3gc used in animals, whilst only 0.3% we ... | 2007 | 17531447 |
| utilization of gaseous ozone for the decontamination of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella on raspberries and strawberries. | each year in the united states, there are approximately 76 million foodborne illnesses, and fresh produce is the second most common vehicle for such illnesses. before going to market, small fruits are not washed or treated in any manner to extend their shelf life. washing alone is not a viable option, and the use of novel technologies should be investigated. one such technology is ozone treatment, which has been used with drinking water since the late 19th century. the efficacy of gaseous ozone ... | 2007 | 17536666 |
| salmonella diagnosis in pig production: methodological problems in monitoring the prevalence in pigs and pork. | salmonellosis is an important foodborne infection in industrialized and developing countries. especially for human salmonellosis caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, pigs and pork are the major sources of infection. mitigation and control strategies that result from surveillance programs attempt to reduce or even eradicate salmonella in pork to lower consumers' risks. the methodology for salmonella screening in pigs is generally based on antibody detection at slaughter with meat ju ... | 2007 | 17536687 |
| characterization of the inca/c plasmid pcc416 encoding vim-4 and cmy-4 beta-lactamases. | to characterize the antibiotic resistance regions of pcc416, a vim-4- and cmy-4-encoding plasmid from clinical enterobacteria, and to elucidate its relation with the cmy-encoding plasmids widely diffused in salmonella. | 2007 | 17540674 |
| the selection of acceptable protein mutations. | we have determined the general constraints that govern sequence divergence in proteins that retain entirely, or very largely, the same structure and function. to do this we collected data from three different groups of orthologous sequences: those found in humans and mice, in humans and chickens, and in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica. in total, these organisms have 21,738 suitable pairs of orthologs, and these contain nearly 2 million mutations. the three groups differ greatly in the t ... | 2007 | 17540730 |
| a fusogenic peptide expressed on the surface of salmonella enterica elicits ctl responses to a dengue virus epitope. | attenuated salmonella strains are used widely as live carriers of antigens because they elicit both mucosal and systemic immunity against passenger antigens. however, they generally evoke poor cytotoxic t cell (ctl) responses because salmonella resides within vacuolar compartments and the passenger antigens must travel to the cytosol and be processed through the mhc class i-dependent pathway to simulate ctls. to address this problem, we designed a fusion protein to destabilize the phagosome memb ... | 2007 | 17543427 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypes, resistance determinants and dna fingerprints of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium isolated from bovine in southern japan. | a longitudinal study was conducted in cattle to determine the antimicrobial resistance phenotypes, integron elements, resistance genes and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis fingerprints among salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium isolates. a total of 33 strains were isolated and categorised into groups a, b and c during the period 1989-2004. thirty-one strains (93.9%) showed resistance to ampicillin (a) encoded by bla(oxa-1), bla(tem) and bla(pse-1) genes; 84.8% showed resistance to chloramphe ... | 2007 | 17543503 |
| neutralizing and cross-reactive antibodies against enterobacterial lipopolysaccharide. | lipopolysaccharide (lps, endotoxin) elicits an immune reaction which is responsible for many of the harmful effects seen in septic shock patients. the eradication of bacteria by antibiotics is insufficient to resolve the pathology due to the lack of lps neutralization. lps-neutralizing antibodies have been described; however, these were specific for the serotype of the infecting bacteria and thus not useful for the treatment of septic shock patients. structural analyses revealed that the lps str ... | 2007 | 17544324 |
| impact of plasmid stability on oral dna delivery by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | live attenuated salmonellae may overcome limitations with conventional methods of dna immunisation. this study examined the impact of plasmid stability on oral dna delivery by the attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium vaccine strain brd509. a dna vaccine cassette comprising the c fragment of tetanus toxin under control of the cytomegalovirus (cmv) promoter was ligated into plasmid pcdna3, puc18, pbbr122, pacyc184, prsf1010/cat, pbr322 and pat153. in vitro and in vivo stability studi ... | 2007 | 17126961 |
| identification of the salmonella phage epsilon 34 tailspike gene. | to understand the interaction between lipopolysaccharide (lps) and proteins in molecular detail, a molecular genetic approach has been employed, using phage as a model system. the phage epsilon(34) is a salmonella phage whose tailspike protein (tsp) uses the host lps as its initial host cell receptor. previous studies indicated that there was a similarity between the well-studied tail protein of salmonella phage p22 and the epsilon(34). this study reports the identification of the gene for the e ... | 2007 | 17113244 |
| proteus mirabilis clinical isolate harbouring a new variant of salmonella genomic island 1 containing the multiple antibiotic resistance region. | a clinical isolate of proteus mirabilis strain 18306, which displayed the multidrug resistance phenotype of salmonella genomic island 1 (sgi1), was examined for the presence of this island including its multiple antibiotic resistance genomic region. | 2007 | 17114173 |
| variant salmonella genomic island 1 antibiotic resistance gene clusters in salmonella enterica serovar derby isolates from humans in taiwan. | 2007 | 17114174 | |
| caenorhabditis elegans as a model to determine fitness of antibiotic-resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | we used the ability of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to colonize the gut of caenorhabditis elegans to measure the fitness costs imposed by antibiotic resistance mutations. the fitness costs determined in the nematode were similar to those measured in mice, validating its use as a simple host model to evaluate bacterial fitness. | 2007 | 17116682 |
| proteinase-activated receptors induce nonoxidative, antimicrobial peptides and increased antimicrobial activity in human mononuclear phagocytes. | as thrombin and sfllrnpndkyepf (sfllrn-14), a synthetic ligand, mainly of the proteinase-activated receptor-1 (par-1), induce in monocytes the synthesis and secretion of chemokines, the par pathway can be viewed as a mononuclear phagocyte-activating principle. classically, antimicrobial activity of mononuclear phagocytes is the measure for activation. here, we investigated whether thrombin or sfllrn-14 increases the antimicrobial activity of human monocytes and compared these effects to those of ... | 2007 | 17095611 |
| a bimodal pattern of relatedness between the salmonella paratyphi a and typhi genomes: convergence or divergence by homologous recombination? | all salmonella can cause disease but severe systemic infections are primarily caused by a few lineages. paratyphi a and typhi are the deadliest human restricted serovars, responsible for approximately 600,000 deaths per annum. we developed a bayesian changepoint model that uses variation in the degree of nucleotide divergence along two genomes to detect homologous recombination between these strains, and with other lineages of salmonella enterica. paratyphi a and typhi showed an atypical and sur ... | 2007 | 17090663 |
| isolation of salmonella enterica and shiga-toxigenic escherichia coli o157 from feces of animals in public contact areas of united states zoological parks. | the fecal prevalence of subclinical salmonella enterica and shiga-toxigenic escherichia coli o157 among animals in human-animal contact exhibits at institutions in the united states accredited by the association of zoos and aquariums was estimated to assess public health risk. the prevalence was less than 0.6% for both zoonotic pathogens among 997 animals sampled at 36 exhibits. | 2007 | 17071798 |
| comparison of the in vitro pathogenicity of two salmonella typhimurium phage types. | the in vitro pathogenicity of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium phage type (pt) 90 and pt 506 (also known as dt 104) isolates from human and porcine origin was studied in adhesion and invasion assays to the human cell line caco-2 and the porcine cell line ipi-2. interleukin-8 (il-8) production by these two cell lines in response to stimulation by the two salmonella phage types was also measured. generally, salmonella typhimurium pt 506 and pt 90 adhered to and invaded caco-2 cells and ipi- ... | 2007 | 17067673 |
| synthesis of n-acyl homoserine lactone analogues reveals strong activators of sdia, the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium luxr homologue. | n-acyl homoserine lactones (ahls) are molecules that are synthesized and detected by many gram-negative bacteria to monitor the population density, a phenomenon known as quorum sensing. salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is an exceptional species since it does not synthesize its own ahls, while it does encode a luxr homologue, sdia, which enables this bacterium to detect ahls that are produced by other species. to obtain more information about the specificity of the ligand binding by sdia, ... | 2007 | 17085703 |
| sgi1-k, a variant of the sgi1 genomic island carrying a mercury resistance region, in salmonella enterica serovar kentucky. | a multiple-antibiotic-resistant salmonella enterica serovar kentucky strain was found to contain sgi1-k, a variant form of the salmonella genomic island 1 (sgi1) with an in4-type class 1 integron that contains only one cassette array, aacca5-aada7, and an adjacent mercury resistance module. part of the 3'-conserved segment (3'-cs) of the integron, together with the inverted short segment from the right-hand end of the integron transposition module normally found between the 3'-cs and is6100 in i ... | 2007 | 17088481 |
| increase in nalidixic acid resistance among non-typhi salmonella enterica isolates in the united states from 1996 to 2003. | fluoroquinolones commonly are used to treat adult salmonella infections. fluoroquinolone treatment has failed for persons infected with nalidixic acid-resistant salmonella. from 1996 to 2003, state public health laboratories forwarded 12,252 non-typhi salmonella enterica isolates to the centers for disease control and prevention for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; 203 (1.6%) of the isolates were nalidixic acid resistant, and 14 (7%) of those were ciprofloxacin resistant. resistance to nali ... | 2007 | 17088493 |
| comparison of serological test kits for diagnosis of typhoid fever in the philippines. | we evaluated four recent antibody-detection kits for typhoid fever by using 177 febrile patients from our hospital, in 75 of whom salmonella enterica serotype typhi grew. tubex performed best, achieving 94.7% sensitivity and 80.4% specificity. typhidot, sd bioline typhoid, and mega salmonella were less specific and, in most cases, less sensitive. | 2007 | 17065261 |
| the yfgl lipoprotein is essential for type iii secretion system expression and virulence of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. | salmonella enterica, like many gram-negative pathogens, uses type three secretion systems (ttss) to infect its hosts. the three ttss of salmonella, namely, ttss-1, ttss-2, and flagella, play a major role in the virulence of this bacterium, allowing it to cross the intestinal barrier and to disseminate systemically. previous data from our laboratory have demonstrated the involvement of the chromosomal region harboring the yfgl, enga, and yfgj open reading frames in s. enterica serovar enteritidis ... | 2007 | 17060472 |
| rapid separation and concentration of food-borne pathogens in food samples prior to quantification by viable-cell counting and real-time pcr. | buoyant density gradient centrifugation has been used to separate bacteria from complex food matrices, as well as to remove compounds that inhibit rapid detection methods, such as pcr, and to prevent false-positive results due to dna originating from dead cells. applying a principle of buoyant density gradient centrifugation, we developed a method for rapid separation and concentration following filtration and low- and high-speed centrifugation, as well as flotation and sedimentation buoyant den ... | 2007 | 17056684 |
| involvement of complement pathways in patients with bacterial septicemia. | the complement system is a major humoral portion of the innate immune system, playing a significant role in host defence against microorganisms. the biological importance of this system is underlined by the fact that at least three different pathways for its activation exist, the classical, the mbl and the alternative pathway. to elucidate the involvement of the classical and/or the mbl pathway during bacterial septicemia, 32 patients with gram-positive and 30 patients with gram-negative bacteri ... | 2007 | 17049606 |
| genotypic diversity and antimicrobial resistance in asymptomatic salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium dt104. | the recent emergence of multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype typhimurium phage-type dt104 represents a challenge to health workers from both human and veterinary medicine. in an effort to develop effective control strategies, it is vital to characterize accurately the extent of genetic and phenotypic variation present in the pathogen population. while previous studies have focused on disease-associated populations, we report the genetic diversity and the diversity ... | 2007 | 17049315 |
| contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials. | the mechanisms involved in fluoroquinolone resistance in salmonella enterica include target alterations and overexpression of efflux pumps. the present study evaluated the role of known and putative multidrug resistance efflux pumps and mutations in topoisomerase genes among laboratory-selected and naturally occurring fluoroquinolone-resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strains. strains with ciprofloxacin mics of 0.25, 4, 32, and 256 microg/ml were derived in vitro using serovar typ ... | 2007 | 17043131 |
| effect of metc mutation on salmonella gallinarum virulence and invasiveness in 1-day-old white leghorn chickens. | salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum (s. gallinarum) is the causative agent of fowl typhoid (ft) in chickens. ft is a severe systemic disease of chickens causing heavy economic losses to the poultry industry through mortality, reduced egg production and culling of precious breeding stocks. in this study, a metc (encoding cystathionine beta lyase) mutant was produced from a virulent strain of s. gallinarum by mini-tn5 insertional inactivation. the mutant was significantly attenuated in virulen ... | 2007 | 17046177 |
| antimicrobial resistance in salmonella enterica serovar dublin isolates from beef and dairy sources. | salmonella enterica serovar dublin (s. dublin) is a cattle-adapted salmonella serovar, so if antimicrobial resistance in s. dublin arises as a result of antimicrobial use this most likely occurs within the cattle reservoir without impact from antimicrobial use in humans. we tested the antimicrobial resistance of bovine-origin s. dublin isolates from 1986 through 2004 using a standard disk diffusion method. high proportions of isolates throughout the time period were resistant to one or more anti ... | 2007 | 17034963 |
| molecular characterisation of salmonella strains by an oligonucleotide multiprobe microarray. | a dna microarray has been developed for the simultaneous characterisation and typing of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolates. one-hundred and nine 35-40 mer oligonucleotides probes detect flagellar and somatic antigen encoding genes (serogroup or serotype specific), important virulence genes located within or outside the pathogenicity islands, phage-associated genes and antibiotic resistance determinants. the probes were printed on glass slides and whole genomic cy5-labelled salmonella d ... | 2007 | 17029709 |
| quantification of contamination of lettuce by gfp-expressing escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | the primary objective of this study was to determine the possibility of internalization of gfp-expressing escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) strains mae 110 (multi-cellular morphology) and 119 (wild type morphology) into lettuce seedlings (lactuca sativa cv. tamburo) grown in an inoculated hydroponic and soil system. the second aim was to quantify the level of contamination with the use of a proper surface sterilization method. silver nitrate wa ... | 2007 | 16943102 |
| multiple regulators of the flavohaemoglobin (hmp) gene of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium include rama, a transcriptional regulator conferring the multidrug resistance phenotype. | microbial flavohaemoglobins are proteins with homology to haemoglobins from higher organisms, but clearly linked to nitric oxide (no) metabolism by bacteria and yeast. hmp mutant strains of several bacteria are hypersensitive to no and related compounds and hmp genes are up-regulated by the presence of no. the regulatory mechanisms involved in hmp induction by no and the superoxide-generating agent, methyl viologen (paraquat; pq), are complex, but progressively being resolved. here we show for t ... | 2007 | 17024490 |
| evaluation of 1mds electropositive microfilters for simultaneous recovery of multiple microbe classes from tap water. | the 1mds electropositive microfilter was designed specifically for virus capture and recovery from water, but its electrostatic properties raise the possibility that 1mds filters can also effectively capture bacteria and parasites present in water samples. this filter is recommended by united states environmental protection agency (usepa) for recovering human enteric viruses from water matrices through the virus adsorption-elution (viradel) technique. if bacteria and parasites can also be concen ... | 2007 | 17027108 |
| involvement of caspase-3, lipid peroxidation and tnf-alpha in causing apoptosis of macrophages by coordinately expressed salmonella phenotype under stress conditions. | invasive salmonella has been reported to induce apoptosis of macrophages as a part of its infection process, which may allow it to avoid detection by the innate immune system. however, the bacterial components capable of inducing apoptosis, particularly under the environments offered by the host have not been fully identified. therefore, in the present study, attempts were made to evaluate the apoptotic potential of salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) outer membrane protein expressed un ... | 2007 | 17027970 |
| cases of typhoid fever imported into england, scotland and wales (2000-2003). | although typhoid fever is no longer endemic in most of the developed world, it remains a major infectious disease in less developed regions and imported cases continue to occur in returning travellers, immigrants or migrant workers. we analysed all 692 isolates of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar typhi from cases in england, scotland and wales that were sent to the laboratory of enteric pathogens at the health protection agency, centre for infections, london, uk between 2000 and 2 ... | 2007 | 17014877 |
| expression of a porphyromonas gingivalis hemagglutinin on the surface of a salmonella vaccine vector. | live, attenuated salmonella strains can serve as vectors for the delivery of recombinant vaccine antigens for development of oral mucosal vaccines. various vaccine parameters can affect the immune responses elicited by salmonella vectors, including the expression level, location and timing of expressed antigens. we have previously established immunogenic salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strains which cytoplasmically express hemagglutinin b (hagb) of porphyromonas gingivalis, a putative pe ... | 2007 | 16942819 |
| molecular markers with potential to replace phage typing for salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | using amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis of isolates from 23 phage types, we isolated 11 molecular markers that are potentially useful for molecular typing of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. we tested these and 11 previously studied markers for their ability to discriminate among isolates and for correlation of their distribution with phage types. the simpson's index of discriminatory power for the molecular markers is 0.96. one hundred and twenty one isolates from 3 ... | 2007 | 16938362 |
| effect of selective growth media on the differentiation of salmonella enterica serovars by fourier-transform mid-infrared spectroscopy. | salmonella enterica serovars are prevalent foodborne pathogens responsible for high numbers of salmonellosis each year. complex fourier-transform infrared (ftir) spectra offer unique biochemical fingerprints of bacteria with bands due to major cellular components. growth media effects on discrimination of salmonella serovars by ftir spectroscopy were investigated and a novel sample preparation technique was developed. s. enterica strains from six serovars were grown on xylose lysine desoxycholat ... | 2007 | 16905206 |
| epidemiological tracing of salmonella enterica serotype abortusovis from spanish ovine flocks by pfge fingerprinting. | salmonella enterica serotype abortusovis, an ovine host-specific serotype, rare in most countries, is responsible for epidemic abortion episodes in spain. with the aim of surveillance and detection of the spread of specific clones, 55 abortusovis isolates collected during 1996-2001 from flocks in 11 provinces, were studied using xbai-pfge. despite the fact that the strains were geographically and spatially related, pfge demonstrated an epidemiologically acceptable discriminating power, identifyi ... | 2007 | 16899137 |
| recombinant vaccines based on translocated effector proteins of salmonella pathogenicity island 2. | attenuated live salmonella enterica are useful carriers for the delivery of heterologous antigens for vaccination. effector proteins translocated by type iii secretion systems (t3ss) of salmonella have been successfully utilized for antigen delivery. here we investigated the use of effector proteins of the t3ss encoded by salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (spi2). we observed that the effector protein ssef is suitable for delivery of various fusion proteins with heterologous antigens. the efficie ... | 2007 | 16887239 |
| clonal variation in xenorhabdus nematophila virulence and suppression of manduca sexta immunity. | virulence of the insect pathogen xenorhabdus nematophila is attributed in part to its ability to suppress immunity. for example, x. nematophila suppresses transcripts encoding several antimicrobial proteins, even in the presence of salmonella enterica, an inducer of these transcripts. we show here that virulence and immune suppression phenotypes can be lost in a subpopulation of x. nematophila. cells that have undergone 'virulence modulation' (vmo) have attenuated virulence and fail to suppress ... | 2007 | 17002783 |
| in vivo and in vitro analyses of single-amino acid variants of the salmonella enterica phosphotransacetylase enzyme provide insights into the function of its n-terminal domain. | the function of the n-terminal domain ( approximately 350 residues) of the pta (phosphotransacetylase) enzyme of salmonella enterica is unclear. results from in vivo genetic and in vitro studies suggest that the n-terminal domain of pta is a sensor for nadh and pyruvate. we isolated 10 single-amino acid variants of pta that, unlike the wild-type protein, supported growth of a strain of s. enterica devoid of acs (acetyl-coa synthetase; amp-forming) activity on 10 mm acetate. all mutations were ma ... | 2007 | 17339319 |
| effects of nitrate or nitro supplementation, with or without added chlorate, on salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and escherichia coli in swine feces. | the effects of coincubating the active agent of an experimental chlorate product with nitrate or select nitro compounds, possible inducers and competing substrates for the targeted respiratory nitrate reductase, on concentrations of experimentally inoculated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and indigenous escherichia coli were determined. studies were completed in swine fecal suspensions as a prelude to the administration of these inhibitors to pigs. results confirmed the bactericidal eff ... | 2007 | 17340863 |
| characterization of escherichia coli mg1655 grown in a low-shear modeled microgravity environment. | extra-cellular shear force is an important environmental parameter that is significant both medically and in the space environment. escherichia coli cells grown in a low-shear modeled microgravity (lsmmg) environment produced in a high aspect rotating vessel (harv) were subjected to transcriptional and physiological analysis. | 2007 | 17343762 |
| the potential salmonella aroa- vaccine strain is safe and effective in young balb/c mice. | due to the increased susceptibility of neonates to pathogens including those with mutations, the use of live vaccine strategies in the human population may present a potential risk to the young. | 2007 | 17344661 |
| the chicken host peptides, gallinacins 4, 7, and 9 have antimicrobial activity against salmonella serovars. | the gallinacin genes clustered on chromosome 3 of the chicken (gallus gallus domesticus) genome encode a group of cationic antimicrobial peptides characteristic of the beta-defensins. in this study, gallinacins 4, 7, and 9, all predicted to contain the conserved pattern of cysteines typical of beta-defensins but differing in their charge and hydrophobicity, were characterised for their in vivo gene expression patterns and in vitro antimicrobial activities against salmonella serovars. reverse-tra ... | 2007 | 17346671 |
| mart activates expression of the misl autotransporter protein of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium. | misl is a salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium fibronectin binding protein whose expression is induced during infection of mice. t-pop transposon mutagenesis identified mart as a positive regulatory element controlling expression of a misl::laczya transcriptional fusion. gel shift analysis identified mart as a transcriptional activator of the misl promoter. | 2007 | 17351045 |
| isolation of transposon insertions. | transposon insertions in and near a gene of interest facilitate the genetic characterization of a gene in vivo. this chapter is dedicated to describing the isolation of mini-tn10 insertions in any desired nonessential gene in salmonella enterica, as well as the isolation of mini-tn10 insertions near particular genes. the protocols describe use of a tetracycline-resistant tn10 derivative, but similar approaches can be used for derivatives resistant to other antibiotics. in addition, these approac ... | 2007 | 17352913 |
| generation of deletions and duplications using transposons as portable regions of homology with emphasis on mud and tn10 transposons. | in bacteria complementation and dominance testing requires the establishment of a diploid state for the gene of interest. in addition, it is often desirable to characterize reporter fusion constructs in strains with both the reporter fusion and an intact gene copy present in single copy. transposons provide portable regions of homology to facilitate construction of targeted chromosomal rearrangements such as deletions and duplications. the properties of the large mud transposons, muda and mudb a ... | 2007 | 17352915 |
| recombineering: in vivo genetic engineering in e. coli, s. enterica, and beyond. | "recombineering," in vivo genetic engineering with short dna homologies, is changing how constructs are made. the methods are simple, precise, efficient, rapid, and inexpensive. complicated genetic constructs that can be difficult or even impossible to make with in vitro genetic engineering can be created in days with recombineering. dna molecules that are too large to manipulate with classical techniques are amenable to recombineering. this technology utilizes the phage lambda homologous recomb ... | 2007 | 17352923 |
| lambda-red genetic engineering in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | the use of the recombination system from bacteriophage lambda, lambda-red, allows for pcr-generated fragments to be targeted to specific chromosomal locations in sequenced genomes. a minimal region of homology of 30 to 50 bases flanking the fragment to be inserted is all that is required for targeted mutagenesis. procedures for creating specific insertions, deletions, and site-directed changes are described. | 2007 | 17352924 |
| complement receptor 3 and toll-like receptor 4 act sequentially in uptake and intracellular killing of unopsonized salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium by human neutrophils. | the uptake and subsequent killing of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium by human neutrophils was studied. in particular, two pattern recognition receptors, complement receptor 3 (cr3) and toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4), were found to be essential for the efficient uptake and activation, respectively, of the nadph oxidase. the uptake of salmonella was almost completely inhibited by various monoclonal antibodies against cr3, and neutrophils from a patient with leukocyte adhesion deficiency type ... | 2007 | 17353285 |
| pathotyping of salmonella enterica by analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in cyaa and flanking 23s ribosomal sequences. | the egg-contaminating phenotype of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis was linked to single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) occurring in cyaa, which encodes adenylate cyclase that produces camp and pyrophosphate from atp. ribotyping indicated that snps in cyaa were linked to polymorphisms occurring in the rrlc and rrla 23s ribosomal subunits. phylogenetic analysis of cyaa discriminated between salmonella enterica serotypes and within serotype enteritidis. serotypes typhimurium, heidelberg a ... | 2007 | 17359275 |
| intranasal immunization with heterologously expressed polysaccharide protects against multiple pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. | surface-expressed bacterial polysaccharides are often immunodominant, protective antigens. however, these antigens are chemically and serologically highly heterogeneous, and conjugation to protein carriers is often necessary to enhance their immunogenicity. here we show the efficacy of intranasal immunization of mice with attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium expressing the o antigen portion of pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide. p. aeruginosa is an ideal model system because ... | 2007 | 17360574 |
| ssel, a salmonella deubiquitinase required for macrophage killing and virulence. | expression of the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium pathogenicity island 2 (spi-2) type iii secretion system is controlled by the two-component regulatory system ssra-ssrb. we used a transcriptomic approach to help define the ssra-ssrb regulon. we identified a gene encoding an uncharacterized effector (ssel) whose translocation into host cells depends on the spi-2 secretion system. ssel has similarities to cysteine proteases with deubiquitinating activity. a gst-ssel fusion protein specifi ... | 2007 | 17360673 |
| salmonella infections: immune and non-immune protection with vaccines. | salmonella enterica in poultry remains a major political issue. s. enterica serovar enteritidis, particularly, remains a world-wide problem. control in poultry by immunity, whether acquired or innate, is a possible means of containing the problem. widespread usage of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria. this problem has indicated an increasing requirement for effective vaccines to control this important zoonotic infection. an attempt is made in the pres ... | 2007 | 17364505 |
| identification and molecular characterization of salmonella spp. from unpasteurized orange juices and identification of new serotype salmonella strain s. enterica serovar tempe. | several salmonella enterica serotypes were isolated from unpasteurized orange juice samples analysed as a follow-up to an outbreak in 1999 of s. enterica serotype muenchen in the pacific northwest regions of united states. eleven s. enterica strains were serotyped and identified as s. enterica serotype muenchen (2), s. enterica serotype hidalgo (2), s. enterica serotype alamo (1), s. enterica serotype gaminera (2), s. enterica serotype javiana (2) and a new serotyped strain s. enterica serotype ... | 2007 | 17367687 |
| molecular mechanisms of decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in avian salmonella serovars and their mutants selected during the determination of mutant prevention concentrations. | salmonella enterica isolates of six serovars and mutants obtained during determination of mutant prevention concentrations (mpcs) were investigated for mechanisms of decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. | 2007 | 17369276 |
| quantitative recovery of listeria monocytogenes and select salmonella serotypes from environmental sample media. | environmental sampling has become increasingly important in the food industry for monitoring the presence of specific pathogens such as listeria monocytogenes and salmonella enterica. several microbiological media are available for storage and transport of environmental samples from the processing plant to the test laboratory. in this study, we quantified the survival of l. monocytogenes, s. typhimurium, s. enteritidis, and s. typhi in environmental sampling media over several time and temperatu ... | 2007 | 17373457 |
| clinical and microbiological investigations of typhoid fever in an infectious disease hospital in kuwait. | a retrospective analysis of 135 typhoid cases was conducted to review the clinical, epidemiological and microbiological characteristics of enteric fever cases diagnosed and treated at the infectious diseases hospital, kuwait, from 2002 to 2005. diagnosis of patients was based on clinical features, serology and blood culture. the susceptibility testing of the isolates to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid was performed by the ... | 2007 | 17374897 |
| multiple antimicrobial resistance in plague: an emerging public health risk. | antimicrobial resistance in yersinia pestis is rare, yet constitutes a significant international public health and biodefense threat. in 1995, the first multidrug resistant (mdr) isolate of y. pestis (strain ip275) was identified, and was shown to contain a self-transmissible plasmid (pip1202) that conferred resistance to many of the antimicrobials recommended for plague treatment and prophylaxis. comparative analysis of the dna sequence of y. pestis plasmid pip1202 revealed a near identical inc ... | 2007 | 17375195 |
| general and specific host responses to bacterial infection in peyer's patches: a role for stromelysin-1 (matrix metalloproteinase-3) during salmonella enterica infection. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) and yersinia enterocolitica are enteric pathogens capable of colonizing and inducing inflammatory responses in peyer's patches (pps) and mesenteric lymph nodes (mlns). although the tissue colonization pattern is similar between these two pathogens, their pathogenic lifestyles are quite different. for example, while s. typhimurium is primarily an intracellular pathogen, y. enterocolitica survives primarily extracellularly. we determined and ... | 2007 | 17376075 |
| differential expression of virulence-related genes in a salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium luxs mutant in response to autoinducer ai-2 and poultry meat-derived ai-2 inhibitor. | bacterial cells communicate with each other and respond to external stimuli using signal molecules called autoinducers (ais). poultry meat contains inhibitors that apparently interfere with ai-2 signaling. our objective was to understand the expression of salmonella typhimurium genes (using spotted microarrays) in response to ai-2 in the presence, and absence, of poultry meat (pm) derived ai-2 inhibitors. expression of 1136 virulence-related genes in salmonella typhimurium wildtype and its isoge ... | 2007 | 17378703 |
| molecular characterization of salmonella enterica serotype typhi isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in hong kong, 2000-2004. | to study salmonella enterica serotype typhi by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in hong kong. | 2007 | 17378707 |
| irradiation d values of salmonella spp. in diced tomatoes dipped in 1% calcium chloride. | outbreaks of salmonellosis have been associated with eating raw domestic tomatoes. in this study, we examined the efficiency of combined irradiation and a 1% calcium chloride dip to reduce the population of salmonella enterica strains on diced tomatoes. tomatoes were contaminated with nalidixic acid-resistant strains of s. hartford, s. montevideo, or a mixture of 5 strains (s. hartford, s. montevideo, s. poona, s. michigan, s. gaminara). we irradiated tomatoes at various doses up to 0.9 kgy from ... | 2007 | 17378712 |
| a pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) study that suggests a major world-wide clone of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. | since human infections by salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (salmonella enteritidis) have been increasing world-wide over the past years and epidemiological studies have implicated the consumption of meat, poultry, eggs and egg products, elucidation of the predominant subtypes for this salmonella spp. is important. in this study, 107 poultry and food isolates of salmonella enteritidis obtained from germany were analyzed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge), and the subtypes were comp ... | 2007 | 17379345 |
| adhesin-dependent binding and uptake of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium by dendritic cells. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium can be internalized by immature dendritic cells (dcs). the interacting host and bacterial molecules initiating this process remain uncharacterized. the objective of this study was to investigate whether specific fimbriae are involved in the early step of binding and uptake of salmonella by dcs. type 1 fimbriated s. enterica serovar typhimurium or recombinant escherichia coli expressing the type 1 fimbriae showed a significantly greater ability to attach to ... | 2007 | 17379714 |
| agfc and agfe facilitate extracellular thin aggregative fimbriae synthesis in salmonella enteritidis. | salmonella thin aggregative fimbriae (tafi; curli) are important in pathogenesis and biofilm formation; however, less is known of their structure and morphogenesis. in the salmonella agfbac tafi operon, the transcription and role of agfc have been elusive. in this study, agfbac transcripts were detected using a sensitive reverse transcriptase technique. native agfc was not detected using polyclonal antibodies generated against purified hexahistidine-tagged agfc; however, in trans expression reve ... | 2007 | 17379722 |
| identification of novel genes in genomic islands that contribute to salmonella typhimurium replication in macrophages. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) survives and proliferates within macrophage cells. a mutant library of strain atcc 14028 based on gene disruption by homologous recombination was screened in order to identify genes that are required for wild-type-like intracellular replication. randomly generated chromosomal fragments from the genome of s. typhimurium were cloned into a temperature-sensitive vector, and approximately 8000 individual mutant clones were obtained by insertio ... | 2007 | 17379730 |
| sipa, sopa, sopb, sopd and sope2 effector proteins of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium are synthesized at late stages of infection in mice. | salmonella pathogenicity island (spi)-1 is essential for invasion of non-phagocytic cells, whereas spi-2 is required for intracellular survival and proliferation in phagocytes. some spi-1 effectors, however, are induced upon invasion of both phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells, suggesting that they may also be required post-invasion. in the present work, the presence was analysed of sipa, sopa, sopb, sopd and sope2 effector proteins of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in vitro and in vivo ... | 2007 | 17379731 |
| intragastric immunization with recombinant lactobacillus casei expressing flagellar antigen confers antibody-independent protective immunity against salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. | a recombinant lactobacillus casei expressing a flagellar antigen from salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis was constructed and evaluated as a mucosal vaccine. intragastric immunization of the recombinant strain conferred protective immunity against salmonella infection in mice. this immunization did not result in antigen-specific antibody in either feces or sera but induced the release of ifn-gamma on restimulation of primed lymphocytes ex vivo. the results suggested that the protective effic ... | 2007 | 17287050 |
| characterization of the gene encoding the 16s rrna of enterobacter sakazakii and development of a species-specific pcr method. | the gene encoding the 16s rrna of enterobacter (e.) sakazakii (atcc 29544, plus four strains isolated from powdered infant formula) was studied, and the sequence compared with those of other enterobacteriaceae in aspects of genetic variability. sequence differences between e. sakazakii and other enterobacteriaceae within the hypervariable regions v1, v2, and v3, respectively, were used to develop two pcr methods for e. sakazakii. pcr1 employed a primer pair located in v1/v2, while pcr2 utilized ... | 2007 | 17289198 |
| intracellular growth and survival of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium carrying truncated hemoglobins of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | two distantly related truncated hemoglobins (trhbs), hbn and hbo, are produced at different growth stages of mycobacterium tuberculosis. oxygen and nitric oxide (no) binding properties of these trhbs suggest their vital role(s) in adaptation of tubercle bacillus under hypoxic and nitrosative stress conditions. here, we have demonstrated that hbn of m. tuberculosis provides distinct advantage over hbo in supporting intracellular growth and survival of the heterologous host, salmonella enterica se ... | 2007 | 17289341 |
| physiological effects of crl in salmonella are modulated by sigmas level and promoter specificity. | the small regulatory protein crl activates sigma(s) (rpos), the stationary-phase and general stress response sigma factor. crl has been reported to bind sigma(s) in vitro and to facilitate the formation of rna polymerase holoenzyme. in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, crl is required for the development of the rdar morphotype and transcription initiation of the sigma(s)-dependent genes csgd and adra, involved in curli and cellulose production. here, we examined the expression of other si ... | 2007 | 17293430 |
| immunization of pigs to prevent disease in humans: construction and protective efficacy of a salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium live negative-marker vaccine. | zoonotic infections caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium pose a constant threat to consumer health, with the pig being a particularly major source of multidrug-resistant isolates. vaccination, as a promising approach to reduce colonization and shedding, has been scarcely used, as it interferes with current control programs relying on serology as a means of herd classification. in order to overcome this problem, we set out to develop a negative-marker vaccine allowing the differentia ... | 2007 | 17296750 |
| candidate live, attenuated salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium vaccines with reduced fecal shedding are immunogenic and effective oral vaccines. | environmental shedding of genetically manipulated microorganisms is an issue impeding the development of new live vaccines. we have investigated the immunogenicity of a number of novel salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium oral vaccine candidates that express the fragment c (tetc) component of tetanus toxin and harbor combinations of additional mutations in genes shda, misl, and ratb that contribute to the persistence of serotype typhimurium's colonization of the intestine. serotype typhimuri ... | 2007 | 17296764 |
| remote control of tumour-targeted salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium by the use of l-arabinose as inducer of bacterial gene expression in vivo. | we have used salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) which are able to colonize tumours besides spleen and liver. bacteria were equipped with constructs encoding green fluorescent protein or luciferase as reporters under control of the promoter pbad that is inducible with l-arabinose. reporter genes could be induced in culture but also when the bacteria resided within the mouse macrophages j774a.1. more important, strong expression of reporters by the bacteria could be detected ... | 2007 | 17298393 |
| cmy-2 beta-lactamase-carrying community-acquired urinary tract escherichia coli: genetic correlation with salmonella enterica serotypes choleraesuis and typhimurium. | forty-six cephamycin-resistant escherichia coli isolates from patients diagnosed with community-acquired urinary tract infection were selected in order to study their resistance mechanism. with the exception of one isolate producing cmy-4, all isolates produced a cmy-2 beta-lactamase. molecular typing showed that the cmy-2-producing isolates were not related. cephamycin resistance was plasmid encoded and conjugatively transferred. plasmid digest profiles suggested that the plasmids were differen ... | 2007 | 17300921 |
| immunomodulation by mercuric chloride in vitro: application of different cell activation pathways. | evidence is emerging that exposure to mercury (hg) may elicit many pathological manifestations, including immunomodulation. we tested whether changing cellular activation pathways may affect the immunomodulation by hg. human cell cultures were set up where isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, activated by monoclonal antibodies (moab: anti-cd3/-cd28/-cd40) or heat-killed salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (hk-se), exposed to mercuric chloride (hgcl2) for 24 h. cell vitality was asses ... | 2007 | 17302730 |
| merr family transcription activators: similar designs, different specificities. | living organisms use metals for a variety of essential functions, and face the problems of how to acquire and regulate the intracellular levels of those metals they need, differentiate between essential and toxic metals, and remove from the cell or detoxify metals that are toxic. in bacteria, cytoplasmic metal ion responsive transcriptional regulators are important in regulating the expression of genes involved in metal ion homeostasis and efflux systems. the merr family of transcriptional activ ... | 2007 | 17302809 |
| crystal structure of a novel prokaryotic ser/thr kinase and its implication in the cpx stress response pathway. | the cpx signalling system of escherichia coli and salmonella enterica senses extracytoplasmic stress and controls expression of factors that allow the bacterium to adapt to these stressors and thereby enhance survival. many of the cpx-responsive genes products are of unknown function. we determined the crystal structure of one of these gene products, called yihe in e. coli, which exhibits a eukaryotic kinase fold. functional assays established that both yihe and the s. enterica yihe homologue, r ... | 2007 | 17302814 |
| the role of ferritins in the physiology of salmonella enterica sv. typhimurium: a unique role for ferritin b in iron-sulphur cluster repair and virulence. | ferritins are ubiquitous iron (fe) storage proteins that play a fundamental role in cellular fe homeostasis. the enteric pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium possesses four ferritins: bacterioferritin, ferritin a, ferritin b and dps. the haem-containing bacterioferritin (bfr) accounts for the majority of stored fe, followed by ferritin a (ftna). inactivation of bfr elevates the intracellular free fe concentration and enhances susceptibility to h2o2 stress. the dna-binding dps protein ... | 2007 | 17302823 |
| relationship of pulsed-field profiles with key phage types of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis in europe: results of an international multi-centre study. | salmonella is one of the most common causes of foodborne infection in europe with salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) being the most commonly identified serovar. the predominant phage type for s. enteritidis is phage type (pt) 4, although pt 8 has increased in incidence. within these phage types, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) provides a method of further subdivision. the international project, salm-gene, was established in 2001 to develop a database of pfge profile ... | 2007 | 17306053 |
| oral administration of a live attenuated salmonella vaccine strain expressing the vapa protein induces protection against infection by rhodococcus equi. | rhodococcus equi remains one of the most important pathogens of foals and vaccination strategies to prevent rhodococcosis are under increasing investigation. attenuated salmonella strains carrying heterologous antigens offer an advantageous alternative to conventional vaccines, especially because they induce mucosal and systemic immunity. in this work, we expressed the vapa antigen from r. equi in a salmonella enterica typhimurium strain, which was able to colonize and persist in the lymphoid ti ... | 2007 | 17307012 |
| prevalence of qnr genes in salmonella in france. | to detect the qnra, qnrb and qnrs genes among salmonella isolates received at the french national reference centre for salmonella in paris, france. | 2007 | 17307773 |
| repression of intracellular virulence factors in salmonella by the hha and ydgt nucleoid-associated proteins. | the hha/ymoa family of nucleoid-associated proteins is involved in gene regulation in enterobacteria. in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, virulence genes required for intracellular growth are induced following host cell invasion but the proteins responsible for repressing these genes prior to host cell entry have not been fully identified. we demonstrate here that hha is the major repressor responsible for silencing virulence genes carried in salmonella pathogenicity island 2 prior to ba ... | 2007 | 17307861 |
| prevalence and genetic properties of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium definitive phage type 104 isolated from rattus norvegicus and rattus rattus house rats in yokohama city, japan. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium was isolated from the intestinal contents of rattus rattus and rattus norvegicus house rats captured at two buildings, designated buildings j and ys, in yokohama city, japan. from october 1997 to september 1998, 52 of 339 (15.3%) house rats were found to carry salmonella serovar typhimurium definitive phage type 104 (dt104). in building j, 26 of 161 (16.1%) house rats carried dt104 over the 1-year study period, compared to 26 of 178 (14.6%) rats in buildin ... | 2007 | 17308195 |
| harmonization of the multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis method between denmark and norway for typing salmonella typhimurium isolates and closer examination of the vntr loci. | harmonization and evaluation of the multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (mlva) method for sub-typing salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar typhimurium (salm. typhimurium) in denmark and norway, and analysis of the typing data. | 2007 | 17309622 |