Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| comparison of the transmission potential of two genetically distinct sindbis viruses after oral infection of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | within mosquitoes, arboviruses encounter barriers to infection and dissemination that are critical determinants of vector competence. the molecular mechanisms responsible for these barriers have yet to be elucidated. the prototype sindbis (sin) strain, ar339, and viruses derived from this strain, such as tr339 virus, have limited infection and transmission potential in the medically important arthropod vector, aedes aegypti (l.). however, the malaysian sin virus strain, mre16, disseminates in ne ... | 2004 | 14989352 |
| interferon-dependent immunity is essential for resistance to primary dengue virus infection in mice, whereas t- and b-cell-dependent immunity are less critical. | dengue virus (den) causes dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome, which are major public health problems worldwide. the immune factors that control den infection or contribute to severe disease are neither well understood nor easy to examine in humans. in this study, we used wild-type and congenic mice lacking various components of the immune system to study the immune mechanisms in the response to den infection. our results demonstrate that alpha/beta interferon (ifn-al ... | 2004 | 14990690 |
| evaluation of the sensitivity of aedes aegypti and anopheles gambiae complex mosquitoes to two insect repellents: deet and kbr 3023. | we conducted laboratory tests to assess the sensitivity to the insect repellent 1-piperidinecarboxylic acid, 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-, 1-methylpropylester (known as kbr 3023 or picaridin, trade name bayrepel) of west african strains of the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti and of malaria vectors of the anopheles gambiae complex, in comparison with the standard repellent n,n-diethyl-3-methyl-benzamide (deet). test mosquitoes were exposed according to a 'separate arms' protocol to logarithmic dose in ... | 2004 | 14996361 |
| toxicity of vectolex (bacillus sphaericus) products to selected australian mosquito and nontarget species. | laboratory and field bioassay studies were conducted in southeast queensland, australia, on the efficacy of vectolex control granule (cg; active ingredient [ai]:50 bacillus sphaericus [b.s.] international toxic units [itu]/mg) and vectolex water dispersible granule (wdg) (ai: 650 b.s. itu/mg) formulations against third-instar larvae of culex annulirostris skuse, culex quinquefasciatus say, culex sitiens wiedemann, ochlerotatus rigilax (skuse), ochlerotatus. notoscriptus (skuse), and aedes aegypt ... | 2004 | 14998127 |
| reconstruction of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis cry11a endotoxin from fragments corresponding to its n- and c-moieties restores its original biological activity. | subtilisin hydrolyzes cry11a endotoxin (of 70 kd) produced by bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis to fragments of 33- and 36-kd, which correspond to n- and c-terminal halves of the endotoxin molecule. thermitase (a serine protease from thermoactinomyces vulgaris) and insect gut proteases from diptera and lepidoptera exhibit the same hydrolytic effect on cry11a. hydrolyzates maintain high toxicity with respect to larvae of aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi, and culex pipiens. the 33- and 36- ... | 2004 | 15000685 |
| inhibition of juvenile hormone biosynthesis in mosquitoes: effect of allatostatic head factors, piscf- and yxfgl-amide-allatostatins. | we investigated the role of head factors and allatostatins (ass) on the regulation of juvenile hormone (jh) synthesis in female adult mosquito. the biosynthetic activity of the aedes aegypti corpora allata (ca) in vitro was inhibited by factors present in the head. disconnecting the ca from the brain resulted in a significant increase in the rate of jh biosynthesis. inhibition was not dependent on intact nervous connections; co-incubation of ca with brains or brain extracts resulted in a signifi ... | 2004 | 15003834 |
| physiology and nutrition of treponema primitia, an h2/co2-acetogenic spirochete from termite hindguts. | treponema primitia strains zas-1 and zas-2, the first spirochetes to be isolated from termite hindguts (j. r. leadbetter, t. m. schmidt, j. r. graber, and j. a. breznak, science 283:686-689, 1999), were examined for nutritional, physiological, and biochemical properties relevant to growth and survival in their natural habitat. in addition to using h(2) plus co(2) as substrates, these strains were capable of homoacetogenic growth on mono- and disaccharides and (in the case of zas-2) methoxylated ... | 2004 | 15006747 |
| the naturally derived insecticide spinosad is highly toxic to aedes and anopheles mosquito larvae. | spinosad is a naturally derived biorational insecticide with an environmentally favourable toxicity profile, so we investigated its potency against mosquito larvae (diptera: culicidae). by laboratory bioassays of a suspension concentrate formulation of spinosad (tracer), the 24 h lethal concentration (lc50) against aedes aegypti (l.) third and fourth instars was estimated at 0.025 p.p.m. following logit regression. the concentration-mortality response of third- and fourth-instar anopheles albima ... | 2004 | 15009445 |
| isonicotinic acid hydrazide: an anti-tuberculosis drug inhibits malarial transmission in the mosquito gut. | we studied the transmission-blocking effect of isonicotinic acid hydrazide (inh), a widely used anti-tuberculosis drug, against plasmodium gallinaceum and plasmodium berghei. inh-treatment of infected animals did not inhibit parasite development in the blood of the vertebrate host, but did inhibit exflagellation, ookinete formation, and oocyst development in the mosquito. oocyst development was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. the ed(50) in the p. gallinaceum/chicken/aedes aegypti model and ... | 2004 | 15013786 |
| a highly conserved candidate chemoreceptor expressed in both olfactory and gustatory tissues in the malaria vector anopheles gambiae. | anopheles gambiae is a highly anthropophilic mosquito responsible for the majority of malaria transmission in africa. the biting and host preference behavior of this disease vector is largely influenced by its sense of smell, which is presumably facilitated by g protein-coupled receptor signaling [takken, w. & knols, b. (1999) annu. rev. entomol. 44, 131-157]. because of the importance of host preference to the mosquitoes' ability to transmit disease, we have initiated studies intended to elucid ... | 2004 | 15037749 |
| genetic heterogeneity of the dengue vector aedes aegypti in martinique. | in martinique, aedes aegypti, the vector of dengue viruses has been the target of insecticide control for more than 35 years. despite significant control efforts, dengue has become a major disease of public health concern. we conducted a population genetic analysis based on isoenzyme variations combined with an estimation of infection rate to a dengue virus among 26 ae. aegypti samples. aedes aegypti samples could be differentiated for their susceptibility to dengue infection (infection rates ra ... | 2004 | 15117302 |
| some basic biological characteristics of the vector, aedes aegypti, responsible for dengue virus transmission. | 2004 | 15379084 | |
| densonucleosis virus purification by ion exchange membranes. | preparative chromatography is widely used in the downstream purification of biopharmaceutical products. replacement of resins by membranes as chromatographic supports, overcomes many of the limitations associated with resin-based chromatography such as high-pressure drops, slow processing rates due to pore diffusion and channeling of the feed through the bed. in particular, adsorptive membranes may be ideally suited for virus capture. virus capture is critical in a number of applications. in gen ... | 2004 | 15384051 |
| triatoma infestans apyrases belong to the 5'-nucleotidase family. | apyrases are nucleoside triphosphate-diphosphohydrolases (ec 3.6.1.5) present in a variety of organisms. the apyrase activity found in the saliva of hematophagous insects is correlated with the prevention of adp-induced platelet aggregation of the host during blood sucking. purification of apyrase activity from the saliva of the triatomine bug triatoma infestans was achieved by affinity chromatography on oligo(dt)-cellulose and gel filtration chromatography. the isolated fraction includes five n ... | 2004 | 14985353 |
| analysis of the replication kinetics of the chimerivax-den 1, 2, 3, 4 tetravalent virus mixture in aedes aegypti by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. | the vector competence of mosquitoes for chimeric viruses being developed as vaccines to protect against dengue (den) virus infection were evaluated in a cooperative agreement with acambis, inc. chimeric viruses have been constructed that contain the premembrane (prm) and envelope (e) genes of each of the wild-type (wt) den virus serotypes, den-1, den-2, den-3, and den-4, in the yellow fever (yf) vaccine virus (strain 17d) yf-vax backbone. it was previously shown that the replication profile of c ... | 2004 | 14971704 |
| genetic, biochemical, and structural characterization of a new densovirus isolated from a chronically infected aedes albopictus c6/36 cell line. | we report the isolation, sequencing, biochemical, and structural characterization of a previously undescribed virus in a chronically infected aedes albopictus c6/36 cell line. this virus is identified as a new densovirus under the densovirinae subfamily of the parvoviridae based on its biological and morphologic properties as well as sequence homologies, and is tentatively designated a. albopictus c6/36 cell densovirus (c6/36 dnv). analysis of the 4094 nt of the c6/36 dnv genome revealed that th ... | 2004 | 14972541 |
| aromaticity of tyr-202 in the alpha4-alpha5 loop is essential for toxicity of the bacillus thuringiensis cry4a toxin. | the current model for the mechanism of action of the bacillus thuringiensis cry delta-endotoxins involves the penetration of the alpha4-alpha5 hairpin into the target midgut epithelial cell membranes, followed by pore formation. in this study, pcr-based mutagenesis was employed to identify a critical residue within the alpha4-alpha5 loop of the 130kda cry4a mosquito-larvicidal protein. alanine-substitutions of two charged (asp-198 and asp-200) and four polar (asn-190, asn-195, tyr-201 and tyr-20 ... | 2004 | 15469709 |
| comparative larvicidal toxicities of three ecdysone agonists on the mosquitoes aedes aegypti, culex quinquefasciatus, and anopheles gambiae. | ecdysone agonists are hormonally active insect growth regulators that disrupt development of pest insects and have potential for development as insecticides. their effects have been particularly well-studied in lepidoptera and coleoptera, but significantly less is known about their effects on dipterans, particularly aquatic species. the potency of three ecdysone agonists on larvae of 3 mosquito species, aedes aegypti, anopheles gambiae, and culex quinquefasciatus, was examined. anopheles gambiae ... | 2004 | 15484259 |
| [epidemiological characteristics of dengue in the municipality of são luís, maranhão, brazil, 1997-2002]. | a total of 12,008 cases of dengue were reported from 1997 to 2002, with peaks in 1997 (35.8%) and 1998 (45.8%). the disease predominated in the 15-49-year age group (72.2%) and during the rainy season (83.3%), showing a positive correlation with the amount of rainfall (r = 0.84) and relative humidity (r = 0.76) and a negative correlation with temperature (r = -0.78). there was no significant difference (chi2 = 2.319; p > 0.05) in the number of cases in males (49%) and females (51%). dengue was d ... | 2004 | 15486688 |
| yellow fever: the recurring plague. | despite the availability of a safe and efficacious vaccine, yellow fever (yf) remains a disease of significant public health importance, with an estimated 200,000 cases and 30,000 deaths annually. the disease is endemic in tropical regions of africa and south america; nearly 90% of yf cases and deaths occur in africa. it is a significant hazard to unvaccinated travelers to these endemic areas. virus transmission occurs between humans, mosquitoes, and monkeys. the mosquito, the true reservoir of ... | 2004 | 15487593 |
| a preliminary study of multilevel geographic distribution & prevalence of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in the state of goa, india. | dengue virus activity has never been reported in the state of goa. the present study was carried out to document a multilevel geographic distribution, prevalence and preliminary analysis of risk factors for the invasions of aedes aegypti in goa. | 2004 | 15489555 |
| incomplete surveillance of a dengue-2 epidemic in ibagué, colombia, 1995-1997. | from april 1995 through november 1997 a dengue epidemic occurred in ibagué (400,000 population), colombia, where 3,419 cases were reported and den 2 virus was isolated from seven patients. a sero-survey conducted in 1996 found evidence of previous dengue infection in 9.6% of the population, indicating that many infections had not been reported. the dengue infections occurred in all age groups, but children under five years of age were most frequently infected. forty-five percent of this ibagué p ... | 2004 | 15495597 |
| genetic divergence and dispersal of yellow fever virus, brazil. | an analysis of 79 yellow fever virus (yfv) isolates collected from 1935 to 2001 in brazil showed a single genotype (south america i) circulating in the country, with the exception of a single strain from rondonia, which represented south america genotype ii. brazilian yfv strains have diverged into two clades; an older clade appears to have become extinct and another has become the dominant lineage in recent years. pairwise nucleotide diversity between strains ranged from 0% to 7.4%, while amino ... | 2004 | 15498159 |
| yellow fever virus infectivity for bolivian aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | the absence of urban yellow fever virus (yfv) in bolivian cities has been attributed to the lack of competent urban mosquito vectors. experiments with aedes aegypti from santa cruz, bolivia, demonstrated infection (100%), dissemination (20%), and transmission of a bolivian yfv strain (cenetrop-322). | 2004 | 15498171 |
| yellow fever outbreak, southern sudan, 2003. | in may 2003, an outbreak of fatal hemorrhagic fever, caused by yellow fever virus, occurred in southern sudan. phylogenetic analysis showed that the virus belonged to the east african genotype, which supports the contention that yellow fever is endemic in east africa with the potential to cause large outbreaks in humans. | 2004 | 15498174 |
| acinetobacter baumannii in human body louse. | while we were isolating bartonella quintana from body lice, 40 acinetobacter baumannii strains were also isolated and genotyped. one clone was unique and the other was ampicillin susceptible. a. baumannii dna was later detected in 21% of 622 lice collected worldwide. these findings show an a. baumannii epidemic in human body lice. | 2004 | 15498175 |
| conservation of capa peptide-induced nitric oxide signalling in diptera. | in d. melanogaster malpighian (renal) tubules, the capa peptides stimulate production of nitric oxide (no) and guanosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cgmp), resulting in increased fluid transport. the roles of no synthase (nos), no and cgmp in capa peptide signalling were tested in several other insect species of medical relevance within the diptera (aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi and glossina morsitans) and in one orthopteran out-group, schistocerca gregaria. nos immunoreactivity was detect ... | 2004 | 15498959 |
| [susceptibility of aedes aegypti larvae to the insecticide temephos in the federal district, brazil]. | to study the susceptibility status of aedes aegypti to the organophosphate insecticide temephos. | 2004 | 15499431 |
| [tyrophagus putrescentiae predating adult insects of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in laboratory]. | the present study aimed at identifying a mite infesting a colony of aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus as well as investigating the source of infestation. the mite species was identified after it was mounted on slides in hoyer's medium and examined under an optical microscope. it showed to be tyrophagus putrescentiae. fish and rabbit food samples were kept in an environmental chamber at 27 degrees c and 90% humidity for 21 days and were weekly examined. the presence of t. putrescentiae was only ob ... | 2004 | 15499448 |
| control of aedes aegypti with temephos in a buenos aires cemetery, argentina. | the efficacy of a larvicide, temephos, for controlling ae. aegypti was evaluated in a cemetery in buenos aires, argentina. breeding sites decreased from 18.4% in the first study period (nov 1998 to may 1999, without temephos) to 2.2% in the second period (nov 1999 to may 2000, two applications), and to 0.05% in the third one (nov 2000 to may 2001, five applications). ovitraps with eggs decreased from 17% in the first period to 5.8% in the second period, and to 2.9% in the third one. results sugg ... | 2004 | 15499449 |
| dengue emergence and adaptation to peridomestic mosquitoes. | phylogenetic evidence suggests that endemic and epidemic dengue viruses (denv), transmitted among humans by the anthropophilic mosquitoes aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus, emerged when ancestral, sylvatic denv transmitted among nonhuman primates by sylvatic aedes mosquitoes adapted to these peridomestic vectors. we tested this hypothesis by retrospectively examining evidence for adaptation of epidemic and endemic versus sylvatic strains of denv-2 to ae. albopictus and ae. aegypti. first and seco ... | 2004 | 15504265 |
| serotype-specific entry of dengue virus into liver cells: identification of the 37-kilodalton/67-kilodalton high-affinity laminin receptor as a dengue virus serotype 1 receptor. | dengue virus, the causative agent of dengue fever, dengue shock syndrome, and dengue hemorrhagic fever, infects susceptible cells by initially binding to a receptor(s) located on the host cell surface. evidence to date suggests that receptor usage may be cell and serotype specific, and this study sought to identify dengue virus serotype 1 binding proteins on the surface of liver cells, a known target organ. by using a virus overlay protein binding assay (vopba), in both nondenaturing and denatur ... | 2004 | 15507651 |
| study of sequence variation of dengue type 3 virus in naturally infected mosquitoes and human hosts: implications for transmission and evolution. | dengue virus is an arbovirus that replicates alternately in the mosquito vector and human host. we investigated sequences of dengue type 3 virus in naturally infected aedes aegypti mosquitoes and in eight patients from the same outbreak and reported that the extent of sequence variation seen with the mosquitoes was generally lower than that seen with the patients (mean diversity, 0.21 versus 0.38% and 0.09 versus 0.23% for the envelope [e] and capsid [c] genes, respectively). this was further ve ... | 2004 | 15507664 |
| nosocomial transmission of dengue. | 2004 | 15515246 | |
| population dynamics of aedes aegypti from a dengue hyperendemic urban setting in colombia. | this study evaluated if the aedes aegypti population in the city of cali, colombia was composed of genetically distinct local populations with different levels of insecticide resistance and dengue vector competence. insecticide resistance was assayed biochemically and was associated with varying levels of mixed-function oxidases and non-specific esterases. the genes encoding those enzymes were under selective pressure from insecticides used to suppress ae. aegypti populations. vector competence ... | 2004 | 15516650 |
| molecular differentiation of colonized human malaria vectors by 28s ribosomal dna polymorphisms. | anopheles gambiae s.s. giles, an. stephensi liston, an. freeborni aitken, and an. quadrimaculatus say are cultured and studied in molecular genetic and transgenic laboratories with increasing frequency. with limited research space, these mosquitoes are often maintained in the same insectary. under these conditions, cross-contamination of colonies can occur and have devastating consequences to affected research programs. we have developed a polymerase chain reaction-based assay targeting the 28s ... | 2004 | 15516651 |
| new insecticidal amides from petroleum ether extract of dried piper nigrum l. whole fruits. | the petroleum ether extract of dried ground whole fruits of piper nigrum l. afforded 20 compounds (1-20) including two new insecticidal amides named as pipnoohine (1), and pipyahyine (2), seven reported for the first time from this plant (12, 13, 15-17, 19, 20), and eleven known compounds (3-11, 14, 18). the structure of 1 has been elucidated as (2e,4e,12z)-n-(4-methylpentyl)octadeca-2,4,12-trienamide and that of 2 as (2e,4e,11e)-12-(benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-n-(3-methylbutyl)dodeca-2,4,11-trien-am ... | 2004 | 15516761 |
| essential role of membrane-attack protein in malarial transmission to mosquito host. | after ingestion of infected blood by a mosquito, malarial parasites are fertilized in the mosquito midgut and develop into motile ookinetes. these ookinetes invade epithelial cells by rupturing the cell membrane and migrate through the cytoplasm toward the basal lamina, on which they develop to oocysts. here we report that a microneme protein with a membrane-attack complex and perforin (macpf)-related domain, which we name membrane-attack ookinete protein (maop), is produced in the ookinete stag ... | 2004 | 15520375 |
| field- and laboratory-based active dengue surveillance in chennai, tamil nadu, india: observations before and during the 2001 dengue epidemic. | dengue cases are reported every year in the city of chennai, tamil nadu, india. since april 2001, longitudinal field- and laboratory-based active dengue surveillance has been carried out in chennai to study dengue trends. | 2004 | 15525913 |
| molecular characterization of brevibacillus laterosporus and its potential use in biological control. | thirty-three strains of brevibacillus laterosporus, including three novel strains isolated from brazilian soil samples, were examined for genetic variability by the use of different pcr-based methods. molecular markers that could characterize bacterial strains with regards to their pathogenic potential were investigated. in addition, toxicity was assessed by the use of insects belonging to the orders lepidoptera and coleoptera and the mollusk biomphalaria glabrata. among the targets tested, biom ... | 2004 | 15528531 |
| entomological observations on dengue vector mosquitoes following a suspected outbreak of dengue in certain parts of nagaland with a note on their susceptibility to insecticides. | three species of aedes viz., aedes albopictus, aedes aegypti and aedes annandalei were detected from different breeding sources in and around human habitats during entomological study conducted following an outbreak suspected to be of dengue (which occurred during, 1994) in parts of medziphema phc area of nagaland in two different points of time ie., in the year, 1994 and, 2000. the potential dengue vector, aedes albopictus showed high preponderance by breeding in all types of containers searche ... | 2004 | 15529881 |
| repellency of aerosol and cream products containing fennel oil to mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions. | the repellency of fennel (foeniculum vulgare miller)-containing products (5% aerosol and 8% cream) against mosquitoes was compared with those of citronella oil, geranium oil and deet, as well as three commercial repellents, baby keeper cream containing ir3535, meimei cream containing citronella and geranium oils, and repellan s aerosol containing 19% n,n-diethyl-m-toluamide (deet) under laboratory and field conditions. in a laboratory study with female aedes aegypti (l), fennel oil exhibited goo ... | 2004 | 15532688 |
| larvicidal persistence of formulations of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis to control larval aedes aegypti. | after detection of resistance to the organophosphate temephos in populations of aedes aegypti in brazil, corncob granule (cg) and water-dispersible granule (wdg) formulations of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) were introduced in routine focal treatments. larvicidal persistence and the influence of exposure to sunlight on vectobac formulations of bti were compared in 250-liter fiberglass water containers. production of pupal ae. aegypti in containers was used to indicate control. in ... | 2004 | 15532933 |
| optimised expression in escherichia coli and purification of the functional form of the bacillus thuringiensis cry4aa delta-endotoxin. | achieving high-level expression of the bacillus thuringiensis cry4aa mosquito-larvicidal protein was demonstrated. the 130-kda cry4aa protoxin was overexpressed as an inclusion body in escherichia coli under the control of the tac promoter together with the cry4ba promoter. the solubility of the toxin inclusions in carbonate buffer, ph 10.0, was markedly enhanced at a cultivation temperature of 30 degrees c. elimination of the tryptic cleavage site at arg-235 in the loop between helices 5 and 6 ... | 2004 | 15135419 |
| characterization of a sterol carrier protein 2/3-oxoacyl-coa thiolase from the cotton leafworm (spodoptera littoralis): a lepidopteran mechanism closer to that in mammals than that in dipterans. | numerous invertebrate species belonging to several phyla cannot synthesize sterols de novo and rely on a dietary source of the compound. scpx (sterol carrier protein 2/3-oxoacyl-coa thiolase) is a protein involved in the trafficking of sterols and oxidation of branched-chain fatty acids. we have isolated scpx protein from spodoptera littoralis (cotton leafworm) and have subjected it to limited amino acid sequencing. a reverse-transcriptase pcr-based approach has been used to clone the cdna (1.9 ... | 2004 | 15149283 |
| mosquito appetite for blood is stimulated by plasmodium chabaudi infections in themselves and their vertebrate hosts. | arthropod vectors of disease may encounter more than one infected host during the course of their lifetime. the consequences of super-infection to parasite development are rarely investigated, but may have substantial epidemiological and evolutionary consequences. | 2004 | 15151700 |
| stage-specific expression of two actin genes in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. | abstract the expression patterns of two muscle-specific actin genes were studied in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. the coding sequence of aeact-2 exhibits between 82 and 85% similarity with coding sequences of the drosophila melanogaster and predicted anopheles gambiae actin genes. the transcription of the aeact-2 gene was differentially regulated during developmental stages with higher levels of expression in larvae and lower levels in pupae and adults. the aeact-2 gene is mainly exp ... | 2004 | 15157225 |
| nodamura virus nonstructural protein b2 can enhance viral rna accumulation in both mammalian and insect cells. | during infection of both vertebrate and invertebrate cell lines, the alphanodavirus nodamura virus (nov) expresses two nonstructural proteins of different lengths from the b2 open reading frame. the functions of these proteins have yet to be determined, but b2 of the related flock house virus suppresses rna interference both in drosophila cells and in transgenic plants. to examine whether the nov b2 proteins had similar functions, we compared the replication of wild-type nov rna with that of mut ... | 2004 | 15163762 |
| enhancement of cry19aa mosquitocidal activity against aedes aegypti by mutations in the putative loop regions of domain ii. | improvements in the mosquitocidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis cry19aa were achieved by protein engineering of putative surface loop residues in domain ii through rational design. the improvement of aedes toxicity in cry19aa was 42,000-fold and did not affect its toxicity against anopheles or culex. | 2004 | 15184189 |
| comparative resistance of anopheles albimanus and aedes aegypti to n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) and 2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexen-1-carboxamide (ai3-37220) in laboratory human-volunteer repellent assays. | the insect repellents n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) and the racemate and 1s,2's stereoisomer of 2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxamide (ai3-37220) were tested against anopheles albimanus wiedemann and aedes aegypti (l.) in laboratory human-volunteer assays. estimated skin doses of deet or racemic ai3-37220 required to reduce biting by 95% in ae. aegypti were 2.3 and 3.5 x 10(-2) micromol/cm2 skin, respectively, whereas estimated doses for 95% bite reduction of an. albimanus in an ... | 2004 | 15185944 |
| laboratory and simulated field evaluation of a new recombinant of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis and bacillus sphaericus against culex mosquito larvae (diptera: culicidae). | in the laboratory, three microbial mosquito larvicidal products consisting of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis de barjac (bti), bacillus sphaericus (neide) (bsph) (strain 2362), and the university of california riverside (ucr) recombinant (producing toxins of both bacillus sphaericus and bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis) were bioassayed against larvae of culex quinequefasciatus say (susceptible and resistant to bsph 2362), and aedes aegypti (l.). bti proved highly effective against ... | 2004 | 15185945 |
| ectopic expression of a cecropin transgene in the human malaria vector mosquito anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae): effects on susceptibility to plasmodium. | genetically altering the disease vector status of insects using recombinant dna technologies is being considered as an alternative to eradication efforts. manipulating the endogenous immune response of mosquitoes such as the temporal and special expression of antimicrobial peptides like cecropin may result in a refractory phenotype. using transgenic technology a unique pattern of expression of cecropin a (ceca) in anopheles gambiae was created such that ceca was expressed beginning 24 h after a ... | 2004 | 15185949 |
| evaluation of a sampling methodology for rapid assessment of aedes aegypti infestation levels in iquitos, peru. | an epidemic of dengue during 2001 in northwestern peru reemphasized the need for efficient, accurate, and economical vector surveillance. between november 1998 and january 1999, we carried out extensive entomological surveys in two neighborhoods of approximately 600 contiguous houses located in the amazonian city of iquitos, providing a unique opportunity to evaluate the aedes aegypti (l.) rapid assessment survey strategy. based on pan american health organization recommendations, this strategy ... | 2004 | 15185957 |
| key premises, a guide to aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) surveillance and control. | the population densities of aedes aegypti linneaus in four towns in trinidad were studied using standard house-to-house inspections of all water-holding containers to determine whether persistently positive containers and premises existed over a three-month period in the wet season, from may to july 2002. from a total of 1503 houses inspected, 223 were positive with 41 persistently positive over the three month period and classified as 'key premises'. the definition of the term key premises is d ... | 2004 | 15191621 |
| identification of a chemosensory receptor from the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, that is highly conserved and expressed in olfactory and gustatory organs. | aedes aegypti is a highly anthropophilic mosquito responsible for the transmission of dengue and yellow fever around the world. like other mosquitoes, the biting and host preference behaviors of this disease vector are largely influenced by its sense of smell, which is presumably facilitated by g protein-coupled receptor signaling cascades. here, we report the identification and characterization of aaor7, the first candidate odorant receptor from ae. aegypti. this receptor displays extremely hig ... | 2004 | 15201207 |
| virulence reaction norms across a food gradient. | host-parasite interactions involve competition for nutritional resources between hosts and the parasites growing within them. consuming part of a host's resources is one cause of a parasite's virulence, i.e. part of the fitness cost imposed on the host by the parasite. the influence of a host's nutritional conditions on the virulence of a parasite was experimentally tested using the mosquito aedes aegypti and the microsporidian parasite vavraia culicis. a condition-dependent expression of virule ... | 2004 | 15209108 |
| sequences of flavivirus-related rna viruses persist in dna form integrated in the genome of aedes spp. mosquitoes. | flavivirus-related sequences have been discovered in the dsdna genome of aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti mosquitoes, demonstrating for the first time an integration into a eukaryotic genome of a multigenic sequence from an rna virus that replicates without a recognized dna intermediate. in the aedes albopictus c6/36 cell line, an open reading frame (orf) of 1557 aa with protease/helicase and polyprotein processing domains characteristic of flaviviruses was identified. it is closely related to ... | 2004 | 15218182 |
| reassessing the role of defensin in the innate immune response of the mosquito, aedes aegypti. | defensin is the predominant inducible immune peptide in aedes aegypti. in spite of its activity against gram-positive bacteria in vitro, defensin expression is detected in mosquitoes inoculated with gram-positive or negative bacteria, or with filarial worms. defensin transcription and expression are dependent upon bacterial dose; however, translation is inconsistent with transcription because peptide is detectable only in mosquitoes inoculated with large doses. in vitro translation assays provid ... | 2004 | 15056359 |
| dengue: defining protective versus pathologic immunity. | dengue is an expanding public health problem, and an effective vaccine remains elusive. this review discusses how the significant influence of sequential infection with different dengue virus serotypes on the severity of disease can be viewed in terms of beneficial and detrimental effects of heterologous immunity. a more complete understanding of these effects is likely to be critical for predicting optimal vaccine-induced immune responses. | 2004 | 15057297 |
| in vivo binding of the cry11bb toxin of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. medellin to the midgut of mosquito larvae (diptera: culicidae). | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. medellin produces numerous proteins among which 94 kda known as cry11bb, has mosquitocidal activity. the mode of action of the cry11 proteins has been described as similar to those of the cry1 toxins, nevertheless, the mechanism of action is still not clear. in this study we investigated the in vivo binding of the cry11bb toxin to the midgut of the insect species anopheles albimanus, aedes aegypti, and culex quinquefasciatus by immunohistochemical analysis. spodopte ... | 2004 | 15057351 |
| emerging infectious diseases. | human population growth, technological advances, and changing social behaviors lead to the selection of new microbial pathogens. antimicrobial drugs, vaccines, diagnostics, and treatments for emerging infectious diseases must be developed. the selective forces that drive the emergence of new infectious diseases, and the implications for our survival, are just beginning to be understood. | 2004 | 15067308 |
| rna interference, arthropod-borne viruses, and mosquitoes. | rna interference (rnai) probably functions as an antiviral mechanism in most eukaryotic organisms. variations in the activity of this antiviral pathway in mosquitoes could explain, in part, why some mosquitoes are competent vectors of medically important, arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) and others are not. there are three lines of evidence that show the rnai pathway exists in aedes species that transmit arboviruses. the first is that recombinant sindbis viruses expressing a rna fragment fr ... | 2004 | 15068882 |
| plasmodium ookinete-secreted proteins secreted through a common micronemal pathway are targets of blocking malaria transmission. | the mosquito midgut ookinete stage of the malaria parasite, plasmodium, possesses microneme secretory organelles that mediate locomotion and midgut wall egress to establish sporogonic stages and subsequent transmission. the purpose of this study was 2-fold: 1) to determine whether there exists a single micronemal population with respect to soluble and membrane-associated secreted proteins; and 2) to evaluate the ookinete micronemal proteins chitinase (pgcht1), circumsporozoite and trap-related p ... | 2004 | 15069061 |
| comparative genome analysis of the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti with drosophila melanogaster and the malaria vector mosquito anopheles gambiae. | an in silico comparative genomics approach was used to identify putative orthologs to genetically mapped genes from the mosquito, aedes aegypti, in the drosophila melanogaster and anopheles gambiae genome databases. comparative chromosome positions of 73 d. melanogaster orthologs indicated significant deviations from a random distribution across each of the five a. aegypti chromosomal regions, suggesting that some ancestral chromosome elements have been conserved. however, the two genomes also r ... | 2004 | 15073225 |
| dengue vector prevalence and virus infection in a rural area in south india. | we conducted a 2-year (1997-1999) longitudinal, entomological and virological study in three dengue endemic villages in vellore district, tamil nadu, to understand the dynamics of dengue transmission. aedes aegypti (linn.), ae. albopictus (skuse) and ae. vittatus (bigot) were the prevalent vector species. aedes aegypti was breeding throughout the year with a breteau index ranging from 9.05 to 45.49. aedes albopictus and ae. vittatus were prevalent mainly in the rainy season. small water holding ... | 2004 | 15078269 |
| identification of chimpanzee fab fragments by repertoire cloning and production of a full-length humanized immunoglobulin g1 antibody that is highly efficient for neutralization of dengue type 4 virus. | a safe and effective dengue vaccine is still not available. passive immunization with monoclonal antibodies from humans or nonhuman primates represents an attractive alternative for the prevention of dengue virus infection. fab monoclonal antibodies to dengue type 4 virus (denv-4) were recovered by repertoire cloning of bone marrow mrnas from an immune chimpanzee and analyzed for antigen binding specificity, v(h) and v(l) sequences, and neutralizing activity against denv-4 in vitro. fabs 5a7, 3c ... | 2004 | 15078949 |
| safety and efficacy of chimeric yellow fever-dengue virus tetravalent vaccine formulations in nonhuman primates. | to construct chimeric yf/den viruses (chimerivax-den), the premembrane (prm) and envelope (e) genes of yellow fever (yf) 17d virus were replaced with those of each wild-type (wt) dengue (den) virus representing serotypes 1 to 4. chimerivax-den1-4 vaccine viruses were prepared by electroporation of vero cells with rna transcripts prepared from viral cdna (f. guirakhoo, j. arroyo, k. v. pugachev, c. miller, z.-x. zhang, r. weltzin, k. georgakopoulos, j. catalan, s. ocran, k. soike, m. ratteree, an ... | 2004 | 15078958 |
| evaluation of surveillance devices for monitoring aedes aegypti in an urban area of northeastern peru. | in this study, we assessed the efficacy of the american biophysics corporation standard professional (abc-pro) light trap, the omni-directional fay-prince trap (with and without co2), and the centers for disease control and prevention wilton trap as a means of evaluating populations of adult aedes aegypti in an urban area of northeastern peru. efficacies of collections from each of the trap types were compared to backpack-aspirator collections and human-landing collections. collections were cond ... | 2004 | 15088699 |
| procedures for the evaluation of field efficacy of slow-release formulations of larvicides against aedes aegypti in water-storage containers. | in thailand, water-storage jars, barrels, drums, pails, and tanks constitute vast developmental sites for aedes aegypti in urban, semiurban, and rural areas. earthen water jars, cement jars, and concrete tanks constitute the greatest proportion of artificial containers where ae. aegypti breed. this species is a major vector of the causal agents of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever, and vector control by larviciding is one of the main approaches to disease control. at present, temephos sand gra ... | 2004 | 15088706 |
| studies on dengue in rural areas of kurnool district, andhra pradesh, india. | a dengue case was reported for the 1st time in a rural area of kurnool district, andhra pradesh, india. entomological and serological investigations were carried out to determine the prevalence of dengue vectors and dengue virus. aedes aegypti was recorded for the 1st time in rural areas of andhra pradesh. breeding of ae. aegypti was observed only in containers with nonpotable water. cement cisterns and tanks, stone tubs, and clay pots were the major breeding habitats of ae. aegypti. larval indi ... | 2004 | 15088710 |
| effect of temperature stress on immature stages and susceptibility of aedes aegypti mosquitoes to chikungunya virus. | a high temperature stress of 44.5 degrees c for 10 minutes on the larval stages was found to affect the susceptibility of adult aedes aegypti mosquitoes to chikungunya virus. at this temperature, the mortality of the mosquito larvae was found to be approximately 95%, whereas a temperature greater than 45 degrees c for 10 minutes was found to be lethal. a temperature tolerant (tt) strain was developed by exposing the larvae to a temperature of 44.5 degrees c for 10 minutes at every generation for ... | 2004 | 15100445 |
| is new zealand prepared to deal with arboviral diseases? | to now, new zealand has been spared arboviral diseases, except for the odd imported infection. however, two exotic vector mosquitoes (ochlerotatus camptorhynchus and ochlerotatus notoscriptus) have become established in new zealand and the routine arrival of infected people from overseas may soon lead to local arboviral transmission. large populations of wild wallabies and brushtail possums could serve as reservoirs of ross river virus and other arboviruses. several other exotic mosquito species ... | 2004 | 15108743 |
| acute spotted fever rickettsiosis among febrile patients, cameroon. | although potential arthropod vectors are abundant in cameroon, acute febrile illnesses are rarely evaluated for arboviral or rickettsial infections. serum samples from 234 acutely febrile patients at clinics in tiko and buea, cameroon, were examined for antibodies to rickettsia africae and african alphaviruses and flaviviruses. these serum samples did not contain antibodies against typhoid, and blood malarial parasites were not detected. serum samples of 32% contained immunoglobulin m antibodies ... | 2004 | 15109409 |
| the antibacterial innate immune response by the mosquito aedes aegypti is mediated by hemocytes and independent of gram type and pathogenicity. | previous mosquito studies showed that the hemocyte-mediated innate immune response against gram- escherichia coli is phagocytosis, but against gram+ micrococcus sp., is melanization. we examined the immune responses mounted by aedes aegypti towards gram- enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and salmonella typhimurium, and gram+ bacillus cereus, enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus, and staphylococcus epidermidis. using light microscopy, electron microscopy ... | 2004 | 15109959 |
| the plant virus tomato spotted wilt tospovirus activates the immune system of its main insect vector, frankliniella occidentalis. | tospoviruses have the ability to infect plants and their insect vectors. tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv), the type species in the tospovirus genus, infects its most important insect vector, frankliniella occidentalis, the western flower thrips (wft). however, no detrimental effects on the life cycle or cytopathological changes have been reported in the wft after tswv infection, and relatively few viral particles can be observed even several days after infection. we hypothesized that tswv infect ... | 2004 | 15113877 |
| "plus-c" odorant-binding protein genes in two drosophila species and the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae. | olfaction plays a crucial role in many aspects of insect behaviour, including host selection by agricultural pests and vectors of human disease. insect odorant-binding proteins (obps) are thought to function as the first step in molecular recognition and the transport of semiochemicals. the whole genome sequence of the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster has been completed and a large number of genes have been annotated as obps, based on the presence of six conserved cysteine residues and a conser ... | 2004 | 14960367 |
| assessing fitness costs for transgenic aedes aegypti expressing the gfp marker and transposase genes. | the development of transgenic mosquitoes that are refractory to the transmission of human diseases such as malaria, dengue, and yellow fever has received much interest due to the ability to transform a number of vector mosquito species with transposable elements. transgenic strains of mosquitoes have been generated with molecular techniques that exhibit a reduced capacity to transmit pathogens. these advancements have led to questions regarding the fitness of transgenic mosquitoes and the abilit ... | 2004 | 14711992 |
| allomonal effect of breath contributes to differential attractiveness of humans to the african malaria vector anopheles gambiae. | background: removal of exhaled air from total body emanations or artificially standardising carbon dioxide (co2) outputs has previously been shown to eliminate differential attractiveness of humans to certain blackfly (simuliidae) and mosquito (culicidae) species. whether or not breath contributes to between-person differences in relative attractiveness to the highly anthropophilic malaria vector anopheles gambiae sensu stricto remains unknown and was the focus of the present study. methods: the ... | 2004 | 14748930 |
| global change and human vulnerability to vector-borne diseases. | global change includes climate change and climate variability, land use, water storage and irrigation, human population growth and urbanization, trade and travel, and chemical pollution. impacts on vector-borne diseases, including malaria, dengue fever, infections by other arboviruses, schistosomiasis, trypanosomiasis, onchocerciasis, and leishmaniasis are reviewed. while climate change is global in nature and poses unknown future risks to humans and natural ecosystems, other local changes are o ... | 2004 | 14726459 |
| epidemiological and entomological surveillance of the co-circulation of den-1, den-2 and den-4 viruses in french guiana. | we surveyed the disease epidemiology of dengue in french guiana after the first dengue haemorrhagic fever epidemic from 1991 to 1993 and during an endemic period from 1993 to 1995. den-1, den-2 and den-4 viruses were isolated from patients and den-4 was also isolated from aedes aegypti mosquitoes. cases of dengue were reported from all over the country, not only from urban areas, but also from rural areas and isolated human settlements, indicating widespread circulation of the viruses. the mosqu ... | 2004 | 14728605 |
| characterization of an aedes aegypti bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) library and chromosomal assignment of bac clones for physical mapping quantitative trait loci that influence plasmodium susceptibility. | previous studies have confirmed a genetic basis for susceptibility of mosquitoes to plasmodium parasites. here we describe our efforts to characterize a bacterial artificial chromosome genomic library for the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, and to identify bac clones containing genetic markers that define quantitative trait loci (qtl) for plasmodium gallinaceum susceptibility. this library (ndl) was prepared from the ae. aegypti liverpool strain and consists of 50 304 clones arrayed in 384 ... | 2004 | 14728665 |
| development of a new sindbis virus transducing system and its characterization in three culicine mosquitoes and two lepidopteran species. | alphavirus transducing systems (atss) are alphavirus-based tools for expressing genes in insects. here we describe an ats (5'dsmre16ic) based entirely on sindbis mre16 virus. gfp expression was used to characterize alimentary tract infections and dissemination in three culicine and two lepidopteran species. following per os infection, 5'dsmre16ic-egfp efficiently infected aedes aegypti and culex tritaeniorhynchus, but not culex pipiens pipiens. ae. aegypti clearly showed accumulation of green fl ... | 2004 | 14728670 |
| human transportation influences aedes aegypti gene flow in southeast asia. | estimates of population genetic organization and gene flow of aedes aegypti, the main vector of dengue viruses, have provided insights into dengue epidemiology. to assess the role of the vector in the changing pattern of dengue in southeast asia, extensive studies on the genetic differentiation of aedes aegypti have been carried out. among them, vector differentiation has been estimated for cambodia, thailand and south vietnam using microsatellite markers. analysis showed that there was less gen ... | 2004 | 14739019 |
| aedes aegypti in brazil: genetically differentiated populations with high susceptibility to dengue and yellow fever viruses. | aedes aegypti was eliminated from brazil in 1955, but re-infested the country in the 1970s. dengue outbreaks have occurred since 1981 and became endemic in several cities in brazil after 1986. urban yellow fever has not occurred since 1942, and only jungle yellow fever cases have been reported. a population genetic analysis using isoenzyme variation combined with an evaluation of susceptibility to both yellow fever and dengue 2 viruses was conducted among 23 a. aegypti samples from 13 brazilian ... | 2004 | 14702837 |
| dengue: a review of the laboratory tests a clinician must know to achieve a correct diagnosis. | dengue is the most important disease caused by an arbovirus (1, 2, 3 and 4 serotypes) worldwide, especially in the tropical and sub-tropical regions. its clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic infections to a severe disease characterized by hemorrhage and shock. the incidence of dengue virus activity in the americas has substantially increased from 1980 to 1994. in brazil, the increase in the incidence of dengue is especially linked to the dissemination of aedes aegypti. thus, a rapid a ... | 2004 | 15880229 |
| prevalence of dengue virus in aedes mosquitoes during dry season by semi-nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (semi-nested rt-pcr). | dengue hemorrhagic fever remains a major health concern in thailand. much effort has focused on the prevention and control of the disease. detection of dengue virus infection rate in mosquitoes would evaluate dengue control programs and predict the epidemics of dengue hemorrhagic fever. to determine dengue virus infection rate in mosquitoes by semi-nested rt-pcr. a total of 400 mosquitoes were collected from rom kao community representing a crowded community and another 9 non-crowded communities ... | 2004 | 16083176 |
| surveillance of dengue vector at thiruvananthapuram (kerala) international airport. | a survey of aedes (stegomyia) mosquitoes was undertaken in and around the international airport at thiruvananthapuram during premonsoon season. an attempt has been made in this paper to elaborate on the presence of risk potential for dengue /yellow fever at the airport with the detection of aedes breeding. the entomological indices have also been discussed with regard to presence of potential wet containers and rate of infestation by aedes mosquitoes. the airport area was searched for aedes (ste ... | 2004 | 16295677 |
| study on susceptibility status in aquatic and adult stages of aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus against insecticides at international airports of south india. | a study on susceptibility status in aquatic and adult stages of aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus was undertaken at international airports of thiruvananthapuram and cochin located in southern india. who standard test kits were used to conduct insecticide susceptibility tests against various organophosphates, organochlorines, carbamates and synthetic pyrethroids. the results indicate that adult aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus were resistant to ddt and dieldrin, but susceptible to propoxur, fenitr ... | 2004 | 16509254 |
| primary characterization and basal promoter activity of two hexamerin genes of musca domestica. | hexamerins are high molecular-weight proteins found in the hemolymph of insects and have been proposed to function as storage proteins. in previous studies, two musca domestica hexamerins, designated hex-l and hex-f were characterized. hex-l is synthesized exclusively by the larval fat bodies, is secreted into the hemolymph and likely provides a source of amino acids and energy during metamorphosis. hex-f synthesis is induced by a proteinaceous meal and occurs only in the adult insect fat bodies ... | 2004 | 15861218 |
| entomopathogenic fungi for mosquito control: a review. | fungal diseases in insects are common and widespread and can decimate their populations in spectacular epizootics. virtually all insect orders are susceptible to fungal diseases, including dipterans. fungal pathogens such as lagenidium, coelomomyces and culicinomyces are known to affect mosquito populations, and have been studied extensively. there are, however, many other fungi that infect and kill mosquitoes at the larval and/or adult stage. the discovery, in 1977, of the selective mosquito-pa ... | 2004 | 15861235 |
| culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae) as a potential west nile virus vector in tucson, arizona: blood meal analysis indicates feeding on both humans and birds. | most reports from the united states suggest culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes feed minimally on humans. given the abundance of c. quinquefasciatus in residential tucson and parts of metropolitan phoenix, and the arrival of west nile virus to this area, discovering the blood meal hosts of the local population is important. using a sandwich elisa technique, the local c. quinquefasciatus were found to feed on both humans and birds. this suggests they should be considered potential west nile virus v ... | 2004 | 15861236 |
| influence of age and previous diet of anopheles gambiae on the infectivity of natural plasmodium falciparum gametocytes from human volunteers. | the effect of age and dietary factors of anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae) on the infectivity of natural plasmodium falciparum parasites was studied. mosquitoes of various ages (1-3, 4-7 and 8-11 day old) and those fed blood (either single or double meals) and sugar meals were experimentally co-infected with p. falciparum gametocytes obtained from different naturally infected human volunteers. on day 7, midguts were examined for oocyst infection to determine whether mosquito age or diets ha ... | 2004 | 15861248 |
| [resistance to insecticides in larvae and adults of aedes aegypti, havana city: prevalence of a4 esterasa associated with resistance to temephos]. | 2 strains of aedes aegypti from 2 people's councils with high indexes of infestation of this vector were studied due to the need of carrying out an effective control of larvae and adults in the municipality of guanabacoa. the levels of susceptibility and/or resistance to organophosphate insecticides, pyrethroids and a carbamate were determined. the results of the bioassays in larvae showed a complete susceptibility to organophosphate insecticides, malathion, clorpirifos, methyl-pyrimifos and pro ... | 2004 | 15849910 |
| [status of resistance to insecticides and resistance mechanisms in larvae from playa municipality collected during the intensive campaign against aedes aegypti in havana city, 2001-2002]. | the levels of susceptibility and/or resistance to inseciticides in aedes aegypti larvae collected at the municipality of playa during the intensive campaign against the mosquito aedes aegypti, in havana city, in the present year, were determined. in larvae, it was found a high resistance to the organophosphate insecticides phention and temephos and moderate to fenitrothion. a high resistance to propoxur carbamate was also detected. the larvae proved to be susceptible to clorpirifos, malathion an ... | 2004 | 15849911 |
| laboratory and field trial of developing medicinal local thai plant products against four species of mosquito vectors. | oils of syzygium aromaticum (clove) and zanthoxylum limonella (makaen), widely used essential oils for dental caries or flavoring of food in thailand, were prepared as 10 experimental repellent products in gel or cream form against aedes aegypti, culex quinquefasciatus, and anopheles dirus under laboratory conditions, using the human-arm-in-cage method. two products that gave the longest-lasting complete protection were selected to examine their repellency against a variety of mosquito species u ... | 2004 | 15691131 |
| host range and specificity of an argentinean isolate of the aquatic fungus leptolegnia chapmanii (oomycetes: saprolegniales), a pathogen of mosquito larvae (diptera: culicidae). | an isolate from argentina of the fungal mosquito pathogen leptolegnia chapmanii (arsef 5499), was tested against 12 species of mosquito larvae and on species of non-target aquatic invertebrates and vertebrates. the mosquito species tested were aedes aegypti, anopheles sp., culex apicinus, cx. castroi, cx. dolosus, cx. pipiens, cx. renatoi, isostomyia paranensis, ochlerotatus albifasciatus, oc. crinifer, psorophora cyanescens, and p. ferox. mosquito larvae of 10 species were susceptible, with mor ... | 2004 | 15702269 |
| horizontal and vertical dispersal of dengue vector mosquitoes, aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus, in singapore. | to study the dispersal of dengue vector mosquitoes in singapore, females of aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus (skuse) (diptera: culicidae) were fed blood containing rubidium (rb), which was detectable in their eggs by means of graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (gfaas). laboratory calibration of the rb reading, for a range of egg numbers from rb-fed females, indicated a reasonably linear relationship and an unequivocal distinction between results with zero and one marked ... | 2004 | 15642001 |
| microarray analysis for identification of plasmodium-refractoriness candidate genes in mosquitoes. | the identification and cloning of genes conferring mosquito refractoriness to the malaria parasite is critical for understanding malaria transmission mechanisms and holds great promise for developing novel approaches to malaria control. the mosquito midgut is the first major site of interaction between the parasite and the mosquito. failure of the parasite to negotiate this environment can be a barrier for development and is likely the main cause of mosquito refractoriness. this paper reports a ... | 2004 | 15644964 |
| genetic structure of natural populations of aedes aegypti at the micro- and macrogeographic levels in brazil. | genetic variation in 13 populations of aedes aegypti from 3 regions of brazil was compared using variation at 10 isozyme loci. heterozygosities varied from 0.050 +/- 0.027 to 0.280 +/- 0.120, and a large genetic differentiation (f(st) = 0.144) was observed among all populations. the largest within-regions differences were found between populations from the urban areas of northeast brazil (f(st) = 0.152). ecological conditions are likely having an impact on the population structure of ae. aegypti ... | 2004 | 15669374 |
| surveillance and behavioral investigations of aedes aegypti and aedes polynesiensis in moorea, french polynesia, using a sticky ovitrap. | the effectiveness of the sticky ovitrap was assessed for the container-breeding aedes aegypti and aedes polynesiensis in moorea, french polynesia. these mosquitoes are the primary vectors of dengue viruses and bancroftian filariasis, respectively, in the area. both ae. aegypti and ae. polynesiensis were collected in greatest numbers in sticky ovitraps baited with water or grass infusions rather than leaf infusions. sticky ovitrap collections were significantly higher for both species in the 12 h ... | 2004 | 15669377 |