Publications

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cop: a database for characterizing co-expressed gene modules with biological information in plants.using a large dataset (10 022 assays) obtained from public plant microarray databases, we developed the cop database for associating co-expressed gene modules with biological information such as gene ontology terms and, if available, metabolic pathway names. the confeito algorithm developed previously in our laboratory, which is suitable to calculate the interconnectivity between genes in co-expressed gene network, was applied to extract co-expressed gene modules. the database includes the gene ...201020305269
influence of sulfur deficiency on the expression of specific sulfate transporters and the distribution of sulfur, selenium, and molybdenum in wheat.interactions between sulfur (s) nutritional status and sulfate transporter expression in field-grown wheat (triticum aestivum) were investigated using broadbalk +s and -s treatments (s fertilizer withheld) at rothamsted, united kingdom. in 2008, s, sulfate, selenium (se), and molybdenum (mo) concentrations and sulfate transporter gene expression were analyzed throughout development. total s concentrations were lower in all tissues of -s plants, principally as a result of decreased sulfate pools. ...201020219830
a high-throughput method for the detection of homologous gene deletions in hexaploid wheat.mutational inactivation of plant genes is an essential tool in gene function studies. plants with inactivated or deleted genes may also be exploited for crop improvement if such mutations/deletions produce a desirable agronomical and/or quality phenotype. however, the use of mutational gene inactivation/deletion has been impeded in polyploid plant species by genetic redundancy, as polyploids contain multiple copies of the same genes (homologous genes) encoded by each of the ancestral genomes. si ...201021114819
tasnrk2.4, an snf1-type serine/threonine protein kinase of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), confers enhanced multistress tolerance in arabidopsis.osmotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and cold are major environmental factors that limit agricultural productivity worldwide. protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation are major signalling events induced by osmotic stress in higher plants. sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase2 family members play essential roles in response to hyperosmotic stresses in arabidopsis, rice, and maize. in this study, the function of tasnrk2.4 in drought, salt, and freezing stresses in arabidopsis wa ...201020022921
comparative study of wild and transformed salt tolerant bacterial strains on triticum aestivum growth under salt stress.eleven salt tolerant bacteria isolated from different sources (soil, plants) and their transformed strains were used to study their influence on triticum aestivum var. inqlab-91 growth under salt (100 mm nacl) stress. salt stress caused reduction in germination (19.4%), seedling growth (46%) and fresh weight (39%) in non-inoculated plants. in general, both wild and transformed strains stimulated germination, seedling growth and fresh weight in salt free and salt stressed conditions. at 100 mm na ...201024031574
enzymic capacities of amyloplasts from wheat (triticum aestivum) endosperm.lysates of protoplasts from the endosperm of developing grains of wheat (triticum aestivum) were fractionated on density gradients of nycodenz to give amyloplasts. enzyme distribution on the gradients suggested that: (i) starch synthase and adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase are confined to the amyloplasts; (ii) pyrophosphate: fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase and udp-glucose pyrophosphorylase are confined to the cytosol; (iii) a significant proportion (23-45%) of each glycolytic enzyme, from ...20102849412
habitat affinity of resident natural enemies of the invasive aphis glycines (hemiptera: aphididae), on soybean, with comments on biological control.we integrated a natural enemy survey of the broader landscape into a more traditional survey for aphis glycines matsumura (hemiptera: aphididae), parasitoids and predatory flies on soybean using a. glycines-infested soybean, glycine max (l.) merr., placed in cropped and noncropped plant systems to complement visual field observations. across three sites and 5 yr, 18 parasitoids and predatory flies in total (hymenoptera: aphelinidae [two species] and bracondae [seven species], diptera: cecidomyii ...201020568602
mortality of four stored product pests in stored wheat when exposed to doses of three entomopathogenic nematodes.the insecticidal effect of heterorhabditis bacteriophora poinar (nematoda: heterorhabditidae), steinernema carpocapsae (weiser) (nematoda: steinernematidae), and steinernema feltiae (filipjev) (nematoda: steinernematidae) against mediterranean flour moth, ephestia kuehniella (zeller) (lepidoptera: pyralidae) (larvae), lesser grain borer, rhyzopertha dominica (f.) (coleoptera: bostrychidae) (adults), rice weevil, sitophilus oryzae (l.) (coleoptera: curculionidae) (adults), and confused flour beet ...201020568646
genetic transformation of mature embryos of bread (t. aestivum) and pasta (t. durum) wheat genotypes.the objective of the present study is to develop an efficient protocol for regeneration of transgenic wheat plants using agrobacterium- mediated transformation of mature embryos of hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum) and tetraploid pasta wheat (triticum durum). the data indicated that embryogenic calli were formed within 7 days in the presence of 2 mgl-1 2,4-d. adventitious shoots emerged from the embryonic calli in the presence of 2 mgl-1 ba. shoot regeneration frequency varied between wh ...201021865876
physiological and potential genetic toxicity of chlortetracycline as an emerging pollutant in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).increasing attention is now being paid to antibiotic contamination as a serious environmental issue. chlortetracycline has been widely used for decades as a human and veterinary medicine, which has resulted in environmental residues and damage to living organisms. in the present study, the physiological and potential genetic toxicity of chlortetracycline was investigated using a wheat (triticum aestivum l.) bioassay at a concentration range of 0.0625 to 300 mg/l and an exposure time of 24, 48, a ...201020821522
toxicity of the molybdate anion in soil is partially explained by effects of the accompanying cation or by soil ph.previous studies have shown that toxicity of cationic trace metals in soil is partially confounded by effects of the accompanying anions. a similar assessment is reported here for toxicity of an oxyanion, i.e., molybdate (moo(4) (2-)), the soil toxicity of which is relatively unexplored. solubility and toxicity were compared between the soluble sodium molybdate (na(2)moo(4)) and the sparingly soluble molybdenum trioxide (moo(3)). confounding effects of salinity were excluded by referencing the n ...201020821569
effective shutdown in the expression of celiac disease-related wheat gliadin t-cell epitopes by rna interference.celiac disease (cd) is an enteropathy triggered by the ingestion of gluten proteins from wheat and similar proteins from barley and rye. the inflammatory reaction is controlled by t cells that recognize gluten peptides in the context of human leukocyte antigen (hla) dq2 or hla-dq8 molecules. the only available treatment for the disease is a lifelong gluten-exclusion diet. we have used rnai to down-regulate the expression of gliadins in bread wheat. a set of hairpin constructs were designed and e ...201020829492
residues of bioenergy production chains as soil amendments: immediate and temporal phytotoxicity.the current shift towards bioenergy production increases streams of bioenergy rest-products (rps), which are likely to end-up as soil amendments. however, their impact on soil remains unclear. in this study we evaluated crop phytotoxicity of 15 rps from common bioenergy chains (biogas, biodiesel, bioethanol and pyrolysis). the rps were mixed into a sandy soil and the seedling root and shoot elongation of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.), radish (raphanus sativus l.), and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) ...201021256672
[dynamics of hybrid necrosis genes in russian cultivars of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.)].study of necrosis genotypes of 72 russian cultivars of winter common wheat has confirmed a tendency towards "washing off" of genotypes with the ne1 gene. fifty-six percent of cultivars have the genotype ne1ne1ne2ne2, and 44% have the genotype ne1ne1ne2ne2; i.e., they are free of hybrid necrosis genes. the results of the study indicate that the diversity of the original ancestors in the groups of cultivars with the ne1ne 1ne2ne2 and ne1ne1ne2ne2 genotypes is almost the same. this determines the i ...201021261062
virulence in hessian fly (diptera: cecidomyiidae) field collections from the southeastern united states to 21 resistance genes in wheat.genetic resistance in wheat, triticum aestivum l., is the most efficacious method for control of hessian fly, mayetiola destructor (say) (diptera: cecidomyiidae). however, because of the appearance of new genotypes (biotypes) in response to deployment of resistance, field collections of hessian fly need to be evaluated on a regular basis to provide breeders and producers information on the efficacy of resistance (r) genes with respect to the genotype composition of hessian fly in regional areas. ...201021309248
temperature preference and respiration of acaridid mites.the thermal preferences in a grain mass and respiration at various temperatures in mites (acari: acarididae) of medical and economical importance [acarus siro (l. 1758), dermatophagoides farinae hughes 1961, lepidoglyphus destructor (schrank 1871), and tyrophagus putrescentiae (schrank 1781)] were studied under laboratory conditions. based on the distribution of mites in wheat, triticum aestivum l., grain along a thermal gradient from 10 to 40 degrees c, l. destructor, d. farinae, and a. siro we ...201021309251
chemical, biochemical, and biological impact of untreated domestic sewage water use on vertisol and its consequences on wheat (triticum aestivum) productivity.in the peri-urban areas of central india, sewage water is a valuable resource for agricultural production. in this study, impact of domestic sewage water irrigation for 5 years on vertisol with no previous history of sewage irrigation was investigated in an ongoing field experiment at bhopal (india) under subtropical monsoon type climate. the wheat (triticum aestivum) crop was grown during post-rainy winter season with 30 cm of irrigation (groundwater or sewage water) and four nutrient treatment ...201019219646
a single-nucleotide polymorphism that accounts for allelic variation in the lr34 gene and leaf rust reaction in hard winter wheat.leaf rust, caused by puccinia triticina eriks, is one of the most common and persistent wheat diseases in the us great plains. we report that the lr34 gene was mapped in the center of a qtl for leaf rust reaction and explained 18-35% of the total phenotypic variation in disease severity of adult plants in a jagger x 2174 population of recombinant inbred lines (rils) field-tested for 3 years. the sequence of the complete lr34 gene was determined for the susceptible jagger allele and for the resis ...201020352181
heterologous expression of non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from triticum aestivum and arabidopsis thaliana.non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (np-ga3pdhase) plays a key metabolic role in higher plants. purification to homogeneity of enzymes found in relatively low abundance in plants represents a major technical challenge that can be solved by molecular gene cloning and heterologous expression. to apply this strategy to np-ga3pdhase we performed the cloning of the gapn gene from arabidopsis thaliana and triticum aestivum, followed by the heterologous expression in escherichi ...201020359519
comparative gene expression analysis of susceptible and resistant near-isogenic lines in common wheat infected by puccinia triticina.gene expression after leaf rust infection was compared in near-isogenic wheat lines differing in the lr10 leaf rust resistance gene. rna from susceptible and resistant plants was used for cdna library construction. in total, 55 008 ests were sequenced from the two libraries, then combined and assembled into 14 268 unigenes for further analysis. of these ests, 89% encoded proteins similar to (e value of < or =10(-5)) characterized or annotated proteins from the ncbi non-redundant database represe ...201020360266
[ability of winter wheat plants to become hardened against frost related to peculiarities of carbon dioxide exchange, biomass synthesis, and various forms of water-soluble carbohydrates].the donor-acceptor relation (dar) in a plant under cold exposure to frost was studied in the plants of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) mironovskaya 808 cultivar and its allocytoplasmatic hybrid containing alien cytoplasm of goat grass (aegilops ovata l.) and grown in a water culture until phenophase, from two leaves until branching. the alteration of dar was processed by treatment of plant with solutions of diuron and paraquat the photosynthesis inhibitors, keeping plants in the dark, changi ...201020387387
2-d dige reveals changes in wheat xylanase inhibitor protein families due to fusarium graminearum deltatri5 infection and grain development.wheat contains three different classes of proteinaceous xylanase inhibitors (xis), i.e. triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitors (taxis) xylanase-inhibiting proteins (xips), and thaumatin-like xylanase inhibitors (tlxis) which are believed to act as a defensive barrier against phytopathogenic attack. in the absence of relevant data in wheat kernels, we here examined the response of the different members of the xi protein population to infection with a deltatri5 mutant of fusarium graminearum, the w ...201020391529
identification of quantitative trait loci for aba responsiveness at the seedling stage associated with aba-regulated gene expression in common wheat.responsiveness to abscisic acid (aba) during vegetative growth plays an important role in regulating adaptive responses to various environmental conditions, including activation of a number of aba-responsive genes. however, the relationship between gene expression and responsiveness to aba at the seedling stage has not been well studied in wheat. in the present study, quantitative trait locus (qtl) analysis for aba responsiveness at the seedling stage was performed using recombinant inbred lines ...201020401645
structural and functional relationship between the ph1 locus protein 5b2 in wheat and cdk2 in mammals.the ph1 locus in hexaploid wheat is responsible for restricting chromosome pairing at meiosis to true homologues by suppressing homoeologous pairing. based on detailed modelling studies and predicted ability to form complexes with cyclin-a and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor such as p27, triticum aestivum-5b2 (( ta ) 5b2) is suggested to be a wheat analogue of human cdk2 enzyme. a blast analysis of the protein data bank using the amino acid sequence of the protein expressed by the 5b2 copy of ...201020422243
assessment of genotoxic effects of boron on wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) by using rapd analysis.in boron-rich soils of turkey, boron tolerant wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and sensitive bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) are most widely cultivated crops. in this study they have been studied to elucidate the probable genotoxic effects of boron by using rapd analysis. during the study, root and stem lengths have been measured and inhibitory rates (%) of root growth have been found to be significant, starting from 10 (13%) and 5 ppm (19%) for wheat and bean, respectively, which is in strong correlat ...201020467724
molecular characterization and comparative transcriptional analysis of lmw-m-type genes from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and aegilops species.twelve new lmw-gs genes were characterized from bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivar zhongyou 9507 and five aegilops species by as-pcr. these genes belong to the lmw-m type and can be classified into two subclasses designated as 1 and 2, with the latter predominant in both wheat and related wild species. genes in the two subclasses were significantly different from each other in snps and indels variations. in comparison to subclass 1, the structural features of subclass 2 differs in posse ...201020490445
down-regulation of the cslf6 gene results in decreased (1,3;1,4)-beta-d-glucan in endosperm of wheat.(1,3;1,4)-beta-d-glucan (beta-glucan) accounts for 20% of the total cell walls in the starchy endosperm of wheat (triticum aestivum) and is an important source of dietary fiber for human nutrition with potential health benefits. bioinformatic and array analyses of gene expression profiles in developing caryopses identified the cellulose synthase-like f6 (cslf6) gene as encoding a putative beta-glucan synthase. rna interference constructs were therefore designed to down-regulate cslf6 gene expres ...201020089768
changes in selenium speciation associated with increasing tissue concentrations of selenium in wheat grain.wheat (triticum aestivum) collected in the nawanshahr-hoshiarpur region (punjab, india) showed the highest selenium concentrations ever recorded in cereal grains (29-185 microg g(-1)). there was a strong positive relationship between the selenium content in shoots and that in kernels, showing that grain selenium concentration can be predicted from that in the vegetative tissues of the plant. the identity and content of the selenocompounds in the grain samples and in wheat-based reference materia ...201020102199
generation of transgenic wheat (triticum aestivum l.) accumulating heterologous endo-xylanase or ferulic acid esterase in the endosperm.endo-xylanase (from bacillus subtilis) or ferulic acid esterase (from aspergillus niger) were expressed in wheat under the control of the endosperm-specific 1dx5 glutenin promoter. constructs both with and without the endoplasmic reticulum retention signal (lys-asp-glu-leu) kdel were used. transgenic plants were recovered in all four cases but no qualitative differences could be observed whether kdel was added or not. endo-xylanase activity in transgenic grains was increased between two and thre ...201020102532
variability in indian bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) varieties differing in nitrogen efficiency as assessed by microsatellite markers.wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is a staple food for half of the world. its productivity and agronomical practices, especially for nitrogen supplementation, is governed by the nitrogen efficiency (ne) of the genotypes. we analyzed 16 popular cultivated indian varieties of wheat for their ne and variability estimates using a set of 21 simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers, derived from each wheat chromosome. these genotypes were categorized into three groups, viz., low, moderate, and high nitrogen ef ...201020229131
effects of chlorimuron-ethyl and cadimum on biomass growth and cadimum accumulation of wheat in the phaiozem area, northeast china.the joint effect of chlorimuron-ethyl and cadmium (cd) on biomass growth and cadmium accumulation in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was investigated and compared with single-factor effect of soil cadmium pollution. the results showed that dry biomass of wheat had significantly (p < 0.01) negative relationships with increasing concentrations of chlorimuron-ethyl and cadmium in phaiozem. the highest inhibition rates observed were 76.2%, 62.7% and 55.6% for roots, shoots and glumes, respectively, whe ...201020237912
water extract of triticum aestivum l. and its components demonstrate protective effect in a model of vascular dementia.although vascular dementia is the second leading cause of dementia and often underdiagnosed, there are no drugs yet approved for the treatment of vascular dementia. in this study, it is demonstrated that water extract of triticum aestivum l. (tale) and some of its components have protective effects against vascular dementia-induced damage by preserving the myelin sheath and inhibiting astrocytic activation. the memory test used a vascular dementia model utilizing bilateral ligation of the caroti ...201020521983
molecular characterization of the celiac disease epitope domains in α-gliadin genes in aegilops tauschii and hexaploid wheats (triticum aestivum l.).nineteen novel full-orf α-gliadin genes and 32 pseudogenes containing at least one stop codon were cloned and sequenced from three aegilops tauschii accessions (t15, t43 and t26) and two bread wheat cultivars (gaocheng 8901 and zhongyou 9507). analysis of three typical α-gliadin genes (gli-at4, gli-g1 and gli-z4) revealed some indels and a considerable number of snps among them. most of the pseudogenes were resulted from c to t change, leading to the generation of tag or taa in-frame stop codon. ...201020556595
multiplex real-time rt-pcr for detection of wheat streak mosaic virus and triticum mosaic virus.wheat streak mosaic virus (wsmv) and triticum mosaic virus (trimv) are widespread throughout the southwestern great plains states. when using conventional diagnostics such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa), these two viruses are commonly found together in infected wheat samples. methods for molecular detection have been developed for wheat viral pathogens, but until recently no multiplex method for detection of both wsmv and trimv within a single sample was available. therefore, the ...201020138086
population structure of wild wheat d-genome progenitor aegilops tauschii coss.: implications for intraspecific lineage diversification and evolution of common wheat.aegilops tauschii coss. is the d-genome progenitor of hexaploid wheat. aegilops tauschii, a wild diploid species, has a wide natural species range in central eurasia, spreading from turkey to western china. amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis using a total of 122 accessions of ae. tauschii was conducted to clarify the population structure of this widespread wild wheat species. phylogenetic and principal component analyses revealed two major lineages in ae. tauschii. bayesian p ...201020149088
secondary metabolites produced by a root-inhabiting sterile fungus antagonistic towards pathogenic fungi.a sterile red fungus (srf) isolated from cortices of roots of both wheat (triticum aestivum cv. gamenya) and ryegrass (lolium rigidum cv. wimmera) was found to protect the hosts from phytopathogens and promote plant growth. in this work, the major secondary metabolites produced by this srf were analysed, and their antibiotic and plant-growth-promoting activities investigated.201020156309
kinetics and substrate selectivity of a triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor (taxi) resistant d11f/r122d variant of bacillus subtilis xyna xylanase.this study examined the kinetics and substrate selectivity of a gh11 bacillus subtilis xyna xylanase (bsx) sensitive to inhibition by taxi and an engineered variant, which is much less inhibited by taxi (bsx(mut)). the main purpose of the work was to elucidate any influence of the structural point mutations on the kinetics and substrate selectivity of the enzyme. three-dimensional structures of both xylanases were superimposed to elucidate the structural basis for differences in their hydrolytic ...201020188130
genotoxicity of tetracycline as an emerging pollutant on root meristem cells of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).increasing attention has been paid to antibiotic contamination as an increasingly serious environmental issue. tetracycline has been widely used for decades in human and veterinary medicines, with incremental residues in the environment and adverse influences on living organisms. in the present study, the genetic toxicity of tetracycline was investigated using a bioassay method with wheat (triticum aestivum l.) root-meristem cells at a concentration range of 0.25-300 mg l(-1) and exposure times ...201020196145
fine mapping fhb4, a major qtl conditioning resistance to fusarium infection in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).qfhi.nau-4b is a major quantitative trait locus (qtl) against fusarium graminearum infection identified in the fusarium head blight-resistant germplasm wangshuibai. to fine map this qtl, a recombinant inbred line (ril) population of 530 lines derived from nanda2419 x wangshuibai and the bc(3)f(2) population derived from the cross of a qfhi.nau-4b near isogenic line (nil) with susceptible cultivar mianyang 99-323 as the recurrent parent were screened for recombinants occurred between microsatelli ...201020198469
effects of short exposures to spinosad-treated wheat or maize on four stored-grain insects.the effect of short exposures to spinosad-treated wheat, triticum aestivum l., or maize, zea mays l., was evaluated against adults of four stored-product insect species: lesser grain borer, rhyzopertha dominica (f.) (coleoptera: bostrichidae); rice weevil, sitophilus oryzae (l.) (coleoptera: curculionidae); red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum (herbst) (coleoptera: tenebrionidae); and the psocid lepinotus reticulatus (enderlein) (psocoptera: trogiidae). adult mortality of these species was reco ...201020214387
rapid biodegradation and decolorization of direct orange 39 (orange tgll) by an isolated bacterium pseudomonas aeruginosa strain bch.a newly isolated novel bacterium from sediments contaminated with dyestuff was identified as pseudomonas aeruginosa strain bch by 16s rrna gene sequence analysis. the bacterium was extraordinarily active and operative over a wide rage of temperature (10-60 degrees c) and salinity (5-6%), for decolorization of direct orange 39 (orange tgll) at optimum ph 7. this strain was capable of decolorizing direct orange 39; 50 mg l(-1) within 45 +/- 5 min, with 93.06% decolorization, while maximally it cou ...201019937265
molecular cloning and characterization of a novel glyoxalase i gene tagly i in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).methylglyoxal is a kind of poisonous metabolite that can react with rna, dna and protein, which generally results in a number of side advert effects to cell. glyoxalase i is a member of glyoxalase system that can detoxify methylglyoxal. an est encoding a glyoxalase i was isolated from a ssh (suppression subtractive hybridization)-cdna library of wheat spike inoculated by fusarium graminearum. the corresponding full length gene, named tagly i, was cloned, sequenced and characterized. its genomic ...201019513813
rumen bacterial diversity dynamics associated with changing from bermudagrass hay to grazed winter wheat diets.rumen bacterial communities in forage-fed and grazing cattle continually adapt to a wide range of changing dietary composition, nutrient density, and environmental conditions. we hypothesized that very distinct community assemblages would develop between the fiber and liquid fractions of rumen contents in animals transitioned from bermudagrass hay diet to a grazed wheat diet. to address this hypothesis, we designed an experiment utilizing a 16s-based btefap pyrosequencing technique to characteri ...201020037795
bioassay and use in irrigation of untreated and treated wastewaters from phosphate fertilizer industry.wastewater from phosphate fertilizer industry that contains essentially a significant amount of both fluoride and phosphate was treated by separative precipitation of fluoride ions with hydrated lime. thus, a phosphate-rich effluent with low content of fluoride was obtained. the microtoxicity of the treated wastewater was then monitored by lumistox and its phytotoxicity was investigated on tomato (lycopersicon esculentum), wheat (triticum aestivum), maize (zea mays), ryegrass (lolium perenne), a ...201020061024
diverse set of micrornas are responsive to powdery mildew infection and heat stress in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).micrornas (mirnas) are a class of small non-coding regulatory rnas that regulate gene expression by guiding target mrna cleavage or translational inhibition. mirnas can have large-scale regulatory effects on development and stress response in plants.201020573268
detection of plant dna in the bronchoalveolar lavage of patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia.hospital-acquired infections such as nosocomial pneumonia are a serious cause of mortality for hospitalized patients, especially for those admitted to intensive care units (icus). despite the number of the studies reported to date, the causative agents of pneumonia are not completely known. herein, we found by molecular technique that vegetable and tobacco dna may be detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage from patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap).201020585574
development of est-pcr markers for thinopyrum intermedium chromosome 2ai#2 and their application in characterization of novel wheat-grass recombinants.a series of expressed sequence tags-derived polymerase chain reaction (est-pcr) markers specific to chromosome 2ai#2 from thinopyrum intermedium were developed in this study using a new integrative approach. the target alien chromosome confers high resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv), which is a severe virus disease in wheat. to generate markers evenly distributed on 2ai#2, a total of 105 primer pairs were designed based on mapped ests from 8 bins of wheat chromosome 2b with intron-pr ...201020585749
genetic analysis of tolerance to photo-oxidative stress induced by high light in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.).high light induced photooxidation (hlip) usually leads to leaf premature senescence and causes great yield loss in winter wheat. in order to explore the genetic control of wheat tolerance to hlip stress, a quantitative trait loci (qtl) analysis was conducted on a set of doubled haploid population, derived from two winter wheat cultivars. actual values of chlorophyll content (chl), minimum fluorescence level (fo), maximum fluorescence level (fm), and the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem ...201020621022
transgene x environment interactions in genetically modified wheat.the introduction of transgenes into plants may cause unintended phenotypic effects which could have an impact on the plant itself and the environment. little is published in the scientific literature about the interrelation of environmental factors and possible unintended effects in genetically modified (gm) plants.201020635001
application of sequence-independent amplification (sia) for the identification of rna viruses in bioenergy crops.miscanthus x giganteus, energycane, and panicum virgatum (switchgrass) are three potential biomass crops being evaluated for commercial cellulosic ethanol production. viral diseases are potentially significant threats to these crops. therefore, identification of viruses infecting these bioenergy crops is important for quarantine purposes, virus resistance breeding, and production of virus-free planting materials. the application is described of sequence-independent amplification, for the identif ...201020638415
efficient industrial dye decolorization by bacillus sp. vus with its enzyme system.this work presents role of different enzymes in decolorization of industrial dye orange t4ll by bacillus sp. vus. bacillus sp. strain vus decolorized dye orange t4ll, under static anoxic condition in 24 h. during decolorization of orange t4ll a significant induction in the activities of lignin peroxidase, tyrosinase, and reductases (nadh-dcip, azo, and riboflavin) was observed. the biodegradation was monitored by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and high ...201020655588
an extracellular hydrophilic carboxy-terminal domain regulates the activity of taalmt1, the aluminum-activated malate transport protein of wheat.al³+ -resistant cultivars of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) release malate through the al³+ -activated anion transport protein triticum aestivum aluminum-activated malate transporter 1 (taalmt1). expression of taalmt1 in xenopus oocytes and tobacco suspension cells enhances the basal transport activity (inward and outward currents present in the absence of external al³+, and generates the same al³+ -activated currents (reflecting the al³+-dependent transport function) as observed in wheat cells. w ...201020663086
interplay between wheat cultivars, biocontrol pseudomonads, and soil.there is a significant potential to improve the plant-beneficial effects of root-colonizing pseudomonads by breeding wheat genotypes with a greater capacity to sustain interactions with these bacteria. however, the interaction between pseudomonads and crop plants at the cultivar level, as well as the conditions which favor the accumulation of beneficial microorganisms in the wheat rhizosphere, is largely unknown. therefore, we characterized the three swiss winter wheat (triticum aestivum) cultiv ...201020675454
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus enhances p acquisition of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in a sandy loam soil with long-term inorganic fertilization regime.the p efficiency, crop yield, and response of wheat to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (amf) glomus caledonium were tested in an experimental field with long-term (19 years) fertilizer management. the experiment included five fertilizer treatments: organic amendment (oa), half organic amendment plus half mineral fertilizer (1/2 om), mineral fertilizer npk, mineral fertilizer nk, and the control (without fertilization). amf inoculation responsiveness (mir) of wheat plants at acquiring p were estima ...201020683717
genetic and comparative genomics mapping reveals that a powdery mildew resistance gene ml3d232 originating from wild emmer co-segregates with an nbs-lrr analog in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.).powdery mildew caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici is one of the most important wheat diseases worldwide and breeding for resistance using diversified disease resistance genes is the most promising approach to prevent outbreaks of powdery mildew. a powdery mildew resistance gene, originating from wild emmer wheat (triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides) accessions collected from israel, has been transferred into the hexaploid wheat line 3d232 through crossing and backcrossing. inoculation res ...201020686747
mass spectrometric analysis reveals remnants of host-pathogen molecular interactions at the starch granule surface in wheat endosperm.the starch granules of wheat seed are solar energy-driven deposits of fixed carbon and, as such, present themselves as targets of pathogen attack. the seed's array of antimicrobial proteins, peptides, and small molecules comprises a molecular defense against penetrating pathogens. in turn, pathogens exhibit an arsenal of enzymes to facilitate the degradation of the host's endosperm. in this context, the starch granule surface is a relatively unexplored domain in which unique molecular barriers m ...201020701481
variation and transgression of aggressiveness among two gibberella zeae crosses developed from highly aggressive parental isolates.gibberella zeae (anamorph: fusarium graminearum) is the most common cause of fusarium head blight (fhb) of wheat (triticum aestivum) worldwide. aggressiveness is the most important fungal trait affecting disease severity and stability of host resistance. objectives were to analyze in two field experiments (i) segregation for aggressiveness among 120 progenies from each of two crosses of highly aggressive parents and (ii) stability of fhb resistance of seven moderately to highly resistant winter ...201020701488
identification and validation of quantitative trait loci conferring tan spot resistance in the bread wheat variety ernie.tan spot, caused by pyrenophora tritici-repentis, is a foliar disease of wheat, and it can inflict serious reduction in grain yield and quality. the bread wheat variety ernie was found to be immune to this disease in australia, and its genetic control was investigated by quantitative trait loci (qtl) analysis using a doubled haploid population. eight qtl were identified in this population from three independent trials, and four of them were derived from the parent ernie. the most significant qtl ...201020865401
higs: host-induced gene silencing in the obligate biotrophic fungal pathogen blumeria graminis.powdery mildew fungi are obligate biotrophic pathogens that only grow on living hosts and cause damage in thousands of plant species. despite their agronomical importance, little direct functional evidence for genes of pathogenicity and virulence is currently available because mutagenesis and transformation protocols are lacking. here, we show that the accumulation in barley (hordeum vulgare) and wheat (triticum aestivum) of double-stranded or antisense rna targeting fungal transcripts affects t ...201020884801
mapping genes lr53 and yr35 on the short arm of chromosome 6b of common wheat with microsatellite markers and studies of their association with lr36.the rust resistance genes lr53 and yr35, transferred to common wheat from triticum dicoccoides, were reported previously to be completely linked on chromosome 6b. four f (3) families were produced from a cross between a line carrying lr53 and yr35 (98m71) and the leaf rust and stripe rust susceptible genotype avocet "s" and were rust tested using puccinina triticina pathotype 53-1,(6),(7),10,11 and puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici pathotype 110 e143 a+. the homozygous resistant lines produced ...201020924745
stable isotope labelling and zinc distribution in grains studied by laser ablation icp-ms in an ear culture system reveals zinc transport barriers during grain filling in wheat.zinc (zn) deficiency has been recognized as a potential risk for human health in many developing regions where staple food with low micronutrient density represents a major proportion of the diet. the success of strategies to increase zn content in the edible part of crops requires better understanding of zn transport to, and distribution within, the grains. the transfer of zn from the growth medium to wheat (triticum aestivum) grains in an ear culture system was investigated by using the stable ...201020946419
localization of eukaryote-specific ribosomal proteins in a 5.5-å cryo-em map of the 80s eukaryotic ribosome.protein synthesis in all living organisms occurs on ribonucleoprotein particles, called ribosomes. despite the universality of this process, eukaryotic ribosomes are significantly larger in size than their bacterial counterparts due in part to the presence of 80 r proteins rather than 54 in bacteria. using cryoelectron microscopy reconstructions of a translating plant (triticum aestivum) 80s ribosome at 5.5-å resolution, together with a 6.1-å map of a translating saccharomyces cerevisiae 80s rib ...201020974910
cryo-em structure and rrna model of a translating eukaryotic 80s ribosome at 5.5-a resolution.protein biosynthesis, the translation of the genetic code into polypeptides, occurs on ribonucleoprotein particles called ribosomes. although x-ray structures of bacterial ribosomes are available, high-resolution structures of eukaryotic 80s ribosomes are lacking. using cryoelectron microscopy and single-particle reconstruction, we have determined the structure of a translating plant (triticum aestivum) 80s ribosome at 5.5-å resolution. this map, together with a 6.1-å map of a saccharomyces cere ...201020980660
molecular mapping of a non-host resistance gene yrpsty1 in barley (hordeum vulgare l.) for resistance to wheat stripe rust.cultivated barley (hordeum vulgare l.) is considered as a non-host or inappropriate host species for wheat stripe rust caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. most barley cultivars show a broad-spectrum resistance to wheat stripe rust. to determine the genes for resistance to wheat stripe rust in barley, a cross was made between a resistant barley line y12 and a susceptible line y16. the two parents, f(1) and 147 bc(1) plants were tested at seedling stage with chinese prevalent race cyr32 ...201021039455
[influence of ca2+ ions on metabolism of active oxygen species in combined cultures of wheat calluses with the fungus tilletia caries].the effect of ca2+ on morphophysiological parameters of calluses of wheat triticum aestovum l., the level of active oxygen species, and the activity of oxalate oxidase, peroxidase, and catalase is investigated in the case of infestation with the fungus triticum aestivum causing ball smut. the concentration of o2-, h2o2, and activity of oxidoreductases (oxalate oxidase, peroxidase, and catalase) depends on the content of ca2+ ions in the culture medium of calluses. the increase in the concentrati ...201021061603
genome-wide association analyses of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) germplasm identifies multiple loci for aluminium resistance.aluminium (al3+) toxicity restricts productivity and profitability of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) crops grown on acid soils worldwide. continued gains will be obtained by identifying superior alleles and novel al3+ resistance loci that can be incorporated into breeding programs. we used association mapping to identify genomic regions associated with al3+ resistance using 1055 accessions of common wheat from different geographic regions of the world and 178 polymorphic diversity arrays technolog ...201021076511
cloning and characterization of a calcium binding ef-hand protein gene tacab1 from wheat and its expression in response to puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and abiotic stresses.calcium is a ubiquitous and essential secondary messenger in eukaryotic signal transduction pathways. calcium binding protein, as a component of pathways, plays various roles in response to biotic and abiotic stresses, as well as in developmental processes in plants. in this study, a calcium binding protein gene, designated as tacab1 (triticum aestivum calcium binding ef-hand protein 1), was isolated and characterized from wheat leaves (cv. suwon 11) infected by puccinia striiformis f. sp. triti ...201021110112
taabc1, a member of the activity of bc1 complex protein kinase family from common wheat, confers enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses in arabidopsis.abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and low temperature have drastic effects on plant growth and development. however, the molecular mechanisms regulating biochemical and physiological changes in response to stresses are not well understood. protein kinases are major signal transduction factors among the reported molecular mechanisms mediating acclimation to environmental changes. protein kinase abc1 (activity of bc(1) complex) is involved in regulating coenzyme q biosynthesis in mitocho ...201021115661
microwave pretreatment can enhance tolerance of wheat seedlings to cdcl(2) stress.in order to determine the role of microwave in cadmium stress tolerance of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), seeds were exposed to microwave radiation for 0, 5, 10 and 15s (wavelength 125mm, power density 126mwcm(-2), 2450mhz), and when the seedlings were 7d old (with one fully expanded leaves), they were treated with 150μm cdcl(2) solution for 10d. changes in a number of physiological and biochemical characteristics were measured and used as indicators of the protective capacity of microwave radiat ...201021145593
evolutionary history of the mitochondrial genome in mycosphaerella populations infecting bread wheat, durum wheat and wild grasses.plant pathogens emerge in agro-ecosystems following different evolutionary mechanisms over different time scales. previous analyses based on sequence variation at six nuclear loci indicated that mycosphaerella graminicola diverged from an ancestral population adapted to wild grasses during the process of wheat domestication approximately 10,500 years ago. we tested this hypothesis by conducting coalescence analyses based on four mitochondrial loci using 143 isolates that included four closely re ...201021145978
nucleotide diversity maps reveal variation in diversity among wheat genomes and chromosomes.a genome-wide assessment of nucleotide diversity in a polyploid species must minimize the inclusion of homoeologous sequences into diversity estimates and reliably allocate individual haplotypes into their respective genomes. the same requirements complicate the development and deployment of single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers in polyploid species. we report here a strategy that satisfies these requirements and deploy it in the sequencing of genes in cultivated hexaploid wheat (triticum ...201021156062
two putatively homoeologous wheat genes mediate recognition of sntox3 to confer effector-triggered susceptibility to stagonospora nodorum.the pathogen stagonospora nodorum produces multiple effectors, also known as host-selective toxins (hsts), that interact with corresponding host sensitivity genes in an inverse gene-for-gene manner to cause the disease stagonospora nodorum blotch (snb) in wheat. in this study, a sensitivity gene was identified in aegilops tauschii, the diploid d-genome donor of common wheat. the gene was mapped to the short arm of chromosome 5d and mediated recognition of the effector sntox3, which was previousl ...201021175887
a universal approach to eliminate antigenic properties of alpha-gliadin peptides in celiac disease.celiac disease is caused by an uncontrolled immune response to gluten, a heterogeneous mixture of wheat storage proteins, including the α-gliadins. it has been shown that α-gliadins harbor several major epitopes involved in the disease pathogenesis. a major step towards elimination of gluten toxicity for celiac disease patients would thus be the elimination of such epitopes from α-gliadins. we have analyzed over 3,000 expressed α-gliadin sequences from 11 bread wheat cultivars to determine wheth ...201021179575
subcellular cd distribution and its correlation with antioxidant enzymatic activities in wheat (triticum aestivum) roots.the subcellular partitioning of cd in wheat root was obtained by differential centrifugation of root homogenates to quantify the amounts of cd associated with five operationally defined subcellular fractions, namely cd-rich granule (mrg), cellular debris, organelles, heat-denatured protein (hdp), and heat-stable protein (hsp). their correlations were investigated with the changes in antioxidant enzymatic activities under cd stress (0.01-9.68μm) for 72h. the results showed that the relative cd di ...201021190733
heme oxygenase-1 is involved in the cytokinin-induced alleviation of senescence in detached wheat leaves during dark incubation.this study tested whether an inducible isoform of heme oxygenase (ho, ec 1.14.99.3), ho-1, is involved in the cytokinin (ctk)-induced alleviation of senescence in detached wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves during dark incubation. we discovered that exogenous supplement of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-ba) at 10 μm for 48 h not only delayed the dark-induced loss of chlorophyll and protein contents in detached wheat leaves, but also significantly increased ho activity in a time-dependent manner. this i ...201021190753
neuroprotective effects of triticum aestivum l. against beta-amyloid-induced cell death and memory impairments.beta-amyloid (a beta) is a key component of senile plaques, neuropathological hallmarks of alzheimer's disease (ad) and has been reported to induce cell death via oxidative stress. this study investigated the protective effects of triticum aestivum l. (tal) on a beta-induced apoptosis in sh-sy5y cells and cognitive dysfunctions in sprague-dawley (sd) rats. cells treated with a beta exhibited decreased viability and apoptotic features, such as dna fragmentation, alterations in mitochondria and an ...201019441012
paenibacillus riograndensis sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing species isolated from the rhizosphere of triticum aestivum.a bacterial strain designated sbr5(t) was isolated from the rhizosphere of triticum aestivum. a phylogenetic analysis based on the 16s rrna gene sequence placed the isolate within the genus paenibacillus, being most closely related to paenibacillus graminis rsa19(t) (98.1 % similarity). the isolate was a gram-reaction-variable, motile, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, with spores in a terminal position in cells. starch was utilized and dihydroxyacetone and catalase were produced. strain sbr5(t ...201019648317
isolation and heterologous transformation analysis of a pollen-specific promoter from wheat (triticum aestivum l.).the promoter of a pollen-specific gene tapsg719 was isolated from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by inverse-pcr (ipcr). sequence analysis revealed that the promoter contains two cis-acting elements (agaaa and gtga) known to confer anther/pollen-specific gene expression which suggests that the promoter of tapsg719 gene is a pollen-specific one. to ascertain the regulatory function of tapsg719 promoter, two deleted fragments (-1,776 to -1 bp and -1,019 to -1 bp) were fused to the beta-glucuronidase ...201019562512
basal expression studies of cystatins during specific growth stages of wheat spikes for defining their possible role in differential and stage dependent immunity against karnal bunt (tilletia indica).two genotypes showing differential immunity against karnal bunt (tilletia indica) were used to investigate the role of three members of cystatin gene family in growth stage dependent immunity in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). three members of cystatin gene family (wc1, wc2, and wc4) were cloned and sequenced. analysis of sequenced data showed that there was 76-99% nucleotide and protein sequence identity between different genes of the wheat cystatin. in silico amino acid sequence analysis reveale ...201019347606
fermentation supernatants of wheat ( triticum aestivum l.) aleurone beneficially modulate cancer progression in human colon cells.wheat aleurone contains high amounts of dietary fibers that are fermented by the microflora, resulting in the formation of short-chain fatty acids (scfa), which are recognized for their chemopreventive potential. this study investigated the effects of fermented aleurone on growth, apoptosis, differentiation, and expression of several genes using two different human colon cell lines (lt97 and ht29). in lt97 cells, the fermentation supernatant (fs) aleurone reduced significantly the cell growth (e ...201019954215
overexpression of a wheat jasmonate-regulated lectin increases pathogen resistance.jasmonates are known to induce the transcriptional activation of plant defense genes, which leads to the production of jasmonate-regulated proteins (jrp). we previously cloned and characterized a novel jacalin-like lectin gene (ta-ja1) from wheat (triticum aestivum l.), which codes a modular jrp with disease response and jacalin-related lectin (jrl) domains and is present only in the gramineae family. the function of this protein is still unclear. phylogenetic analysis indicated that ta-ja1 and ...201019958808
reactive oxygen species are involved in plant defense against a gall midge.reactive oxygen species (ros) play a major role in plant defense against pathogens, but evidence for their role in defense against insects is still preliminary and inconsistent. in this study, we examined the potential role of ros in defense of wheat (triticum aestivum) and rice (oryza sativa) against hessian fly (mayetiola destructor) larvae. rapid and prolonged accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) was detected in wheat plants at the attack site during incompatible interactions. increas ...201019965963
genetic diversity of iranian aegilops tauschii coss. using microsatellite molecular markers and morphological traits.aegilops tauschii coss. is a diploid (2n = 2x = 14,dd) goat grass species which has contributed the d genome in common wheat. genetic variations in 28 accessions of aegilops tauschii belonged to different provinces of iran, were evaluated using 16 morphological traits and 19 ssr markers. in number of spikelet per spike and plant height, there was a high variation in ssp. tauschii and ssp. strangulata respectively and for days to mature a low variation in both subspecies was found. discriminant f ...201019967455
decolorization and detoxification of sulfonated azo dye methyl orange by kocuria rosea mtcc 1532.kocuria rosea (mtcc 1532) showed 100% decolorization of methyl orange (50 mg l(-1)) under static condition. the optimum ph and temperature for dye decolorization was 6.8 and 30 degrees c, respectively. the k. rosea (mtcc 1532) showed maximum decolorization of methyl orange when growth medium containing yeast extract as compared to other substrates. the culture exhibited significant ability to decolorize repeated additions of dye, with reduction in time up to 12 h at eighth dye aliquot addition. ...201019969416
structural differences among alkali-soluble arabinoxylans from maize (zea mays), rice (oryza sativa), and wheat (triticum aestivum) brans influence human fecal fermentation profiles.human fecal fermentation profiles of maize, rice, and wheat bran and their dietary fiber fractions released by alkaline-hydrogen peroxide treatment (principally arabinoxylan) were obtained with the aim of identifying and characterizing fractions associated with high production of short chain fatty acids and a linear fermentation profile for possible application as a slowly fermentable dietary fiber. the alkali-soluble fraction from maize bran resulted in the highest short chain fatty acid produc ...201020000566
discovery, evaluation and distribution of haplotypes of the wheat ppd-d1 gene.ppd-d1 is one of the most potent genes affecting the photoperiod response of wheat (triticum aestivum). only two alleles, insensitive ppd-d1a and sensitive ppd-d1b, were known previously, and these did not adequately explain the broad adaptation of wheat to photoperiod variation. in this study, five diagnostic molecular markers were employed to identify ppd-d1 haplotypes in 492 wheat varieties from diverse geographic locations and 55 accessions of aegilops tauschii, the d genome donor species of ...201020002313
genetic fusarium chemotyping as a useful tool for predicting nivalenol contamination in winter wheat.fusarium graminearum [teleomorph gibberella zeae] and fusarium culmorum together with fusarium poae are the main species known to produce nivalenol (niv). the niv content in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) harvested in luxembourg was investigated in 2007 and 2008 at 17 different locations. species determination and genetic chemotyping of f. graminearum and f. culmorum were used to understand the spatial distribution of niv producers in wheat from luxembourg. three hundred thirteen f. graminearum, 1 ...201020004994
mapping quantitative trait loci for quality factors in an inter-class cross of us and chinese wheat.wheat quality factors are critical in determining the suitability of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) for end-use product and economic value, and they are prime targets for marker-assisted selection. objectives of this study were to identify quantitative trait loci (qtls) that ultimately influence wheat market class and milling quality. a population of 132 f(12) recombinant inbred lines (rils) was derived by single-seed descent from a cross between the chinese hard wheat line ning7840 and the soft w ...201020012855
high frequency of hmw-gs sequence variation through somatic hybridization between agropyron elongatum and common wheat.a symmetric somatic hybridization was performed to combine the protoplasts of tall wheatgrass (agropyron elongatum) and bread wheat (triticum aestivum). fertile regenerants were obtained which were morphologically similar to tall wheatgrass, but which contained some introgression segments from wheat. an sds-page analysis showed that a number of non-parental high-molecular weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gs) were present in the symmetric somatic hybridization derivatives. these sequences were ampli ...201019902245
transcript profiles of two wheat lipid transfer protein-encoding genes are altered during attack by hessian fly larvae.a sequence encoding a putative type-1 lipid transfer protein from wheat (triticum aestivum l. em thell) was identified through 'genecalling', an mrna profiling technology. the mrna for the hfr-ltp (hessian fly-responsive lipid transfer protein) gene decreased in abundance (196-fold) in susceptible wheat plants over the first eight days of attack by virulent hessian fly larvae (mayetiola destructor say). hfr-ltp encodes a putative protein containing eight cysteine residues that are conserved amon ...201019914842
identification of genes involved in stem rust resistance from wheat mutant d51 with the cdna-aflp technique.wheat (triticum aestivum l.) stem rust caused by puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici is one of the main diseases of wheat worldwide. wheat mutant line d51, which was derived from the highly susceptible cultivar l6239, shows resistance to the prevailing races 21c3cph, 21c3ckh, and 21c3ctr of p. graminis f. sp. tritici in china. in this study, we used the cdna-aflp technology to identify the genes that are likely involved in the stem rust resistance. ecori/msei selective primers were used to generate ...201019821052
molecular cloning and characterization of an up-regulated udp-glucosyltransferase gene induced by don from triticum aestivum l. cv. wangshuibai.fusarium head blight, also called scab, is a serious disease of small grain cereals and maize. scab can not only cause yield loss, more seriously is that it can also deteriorate seed quality by contaminating the infected grains with trichothecenes toxins harmful to human and animal health. deoxynivalenol (don) is one of the most important toxin members. it was proposed that don acted first as a virulence factor during fungal pathogenesis and then accumulated in grain to levels posing a threat to ...201019585272
fall growth, nutritive value, and estimation of total digestible nutrients for cereal-grain forages in the north-central united states.throughout the southern great plains, wheat is managed frequently as a dual-purpose crop, but this production paradigm is not necessarily applicable throughout other regions of the united states, and a wider array of management options can be considered for forage-only uses of cereal grains. our objectives were to assess the fall-growth potential of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), triticale (x triticosecale wittmack), and oat (avena sativa l.) cultivars in wisconsin, and then to further evaluate a ...201019749014
cloning and characterization of a wheat beta-1,3-glucanase gene induced by the stripe rust pathogen puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici.b-1,3-glucanases are a group of pathogenesis related proteins that have been reported to be involved in plant defense against pathogens in many other plant pathogen systems. however, it was not clear if these genes play similar role in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) against puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst), the stripe rust pathogen. to investigate the role of b-1,3-glucanase (ec3.2.1.39) in the resistance response of wheat (cv. suwon11) to stripe rust, a wheat b-1,3-glucanase gene induced ...201019757158
behavioural responses of the maize weevil, sitophilus zeamais, to host (stored-grain) and non-host plant volatiles.four-arm olfactometer bioassays were conducted to assess the behavioural responses of the adult maize weevil, sitophilus zeamais (motschulsky) (coleoptera: curculionidae), to harvested seeds of host plants, i.e. white maize, yellow maize (zea mays l.) and winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) (poaceae), and non-host plant materials, i.e. alligator pepper, aframomum melegueta (rosk) k. schum (zingiberaceae), rhizomes of ginger, zingiber officinale (roscoe) (zingiberaceae), and west african black pe ...201019760598
transcriptional-metabolic networks in beta-carotene-enriched potato tubers: the long and winding road to the golden phenotype.vitamin a deficiency is a public health problem in a large number of countries. biofortification of major staple crops (wheat [triticum aestivum], rice [oryza sativa], maize [zea mays], and potato [solanum tuberosum]) with β-carotene has the potential to alleviate this nutritional problem. previously, we engineered transgenic "golden" potato tubers overexpressing three bacterial genes for β-carotene synthesis (crtb, crti, and crty, encoding phytoene synthase, phytoene desaturase, and lycopene β- ...201020671108
influence of commodity type, percentage of cracked kernels, and wheat class on population growth of stored-product psocids (psocoptera: liposcelidae).differences in stored-product psocid progeny production as a function of commodity type, percentage of cracked kernels, and wheat class were examined using laboratory bioassays. population growth of liposcelis bostrychophila badonnel, liposcelis decolor (pearman), liposcelis paeta pearman, and liposcelis entomophila (enderlein) (psocoptera: liposcelididae) was highest on sorghum sorghum bicolor (l.) moench, followed by wheat, triticum aestivum l., and rice, oryza sativa l., whereas progeny produ ...201020568647
quality determination of nickel-loaded silica prepared from poaceous biomass.klason lignin or preacid hydrolysate of a poaceous biomass such as rice husk, rice straw ( oryza sativa ), and wheat straw ( triticum aestivum ) became a good source of highly pure silica by simple calcinations in the testing process for application of high-boiling solvent (hbs) pulping of agricultural byproduct. especially, klason lignin or preacid hydrolysis residue of rice husks offered highly purified silica, which was converted to an excellent ni/sio(2) catalyst for methanation of carbon di ...201020423088
wdbtf: an integrated database resource for studying wheat transcription factor families.transcription factors (tfs) regulate gene expression by interacting with promoters of their target genes and are classified into families based on their dna-binding domains. genes coding for tfs have been identified in the sequences of model plant genomes. the rice (oryza sativa spp. japonica) genome contains 2,384 tf gene models, which represent the mrna transcript of a locus, classed into 63 families.201020298594
uptake, localization, and speciation of cobalt in triticum aestivum l. (wheat) and lycopersicon esculentum m. (tomato).the root-to-shoot transfer, localization, and chemical speciation of co were investigated in a monocotyledon (triticum aestivum l., wheat) and a dicotyledon (lycopersicon esculentum m., tomato) plant species grown in nutrient solution at low (5 mum) and high (20 mum) co(ii) concentrations. cobalt was measured in the roots and shoots by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. x-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements were used to identify the chemical structure of co within the plants and ...201020345097
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