Publications

morphologic characterization of osteoblast-like cell cultures isolated from newborn rat calvaria.	two methods for harvesting osteoblast-like cell populations from newborn (10 days) rat calvaria were compared. the first one consisted in culturing the periosteum-free bones and then trypsinizing the cells on the bone surface. the second one involved the migration of the osteoblasts on glass fragments before trypsinization. since the plating efficiency, the proportion of alkaline phosphatase-positive cells, the population doubling time, and the calcium deposition were more adequate, the second m ...	1990	2390733
phosphorylation of the virg protein of agrobacterium tumefaciens by the autophosphorylated vira protein: essential role in biological activity of virg.	agrobacterium tumefaciens virulence genes are induced by plant signals through the vira-virg two-component regulatory system. the vira protein is a membrane-spanning sensor molecule that possesses an autophosphorylating activity, and the virg protein is a sequence-specific dna-binding protein. in this report, we demonstrate that the virg protein is phosphorylated by the vira protein and that the phosphate is directly transferred from the phosphorylated vira molecule (phosphohistidine) to the vir ...	1990	2394678
tertiary structure of oxidized flavodoxin from an eukaryotic red alga chondrus crispus at 2.35-a resolution. localization of charged residues and implication for interaction with electron transfer partners.	the crystal structure of the oxidized form of a flavodoxin from an eukaryotic red alga, chondrus crispus, has been determined by multiple isomorphous replacement and anomalous scattering methods. a model of the 173 residues and flavin mononucleotide (fmn) has been refined by a restrained least squares method to a crystallographic r-factor of 22.6% using 6236 reflections between 6.0 and 2.35 a with f greater than 3 sigma f. this molecule has a sheet consisting of five parallel beta-strands with t ...	1990	2394748
onset of the hormone-sensitive perinatal period for sexual differentiation of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area in female rats.	the volume of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (sdn-poa) of the rat brain is severalfold larger in males than in females. the volume of the sdn-poa can be influenced significantly by the hormonal milieu during the perinatal "critical period" of sexual differentiation of the brain. the purpose of the present study was to determine the onset of this period of sexual differentiation of the sdn-poa. pregnant rats received no treatment or were injected subcutaneously with oil on da ...	1990	2394991
effects of castration and testosterone treatment on the activity of testosterone-metabolizing enzymes in the brain of male and female zebra finches.	recently, we described the distribution of testosterone-metabolizing enzymes (i.e., aromatase, 5 alpha- and 5 beta-reductases) in the zebra finch (taeniopygia guttata) brain using a sensitive radioenzyme assay combined to the palkovits punch method. a number of sex-differences in the activity of these enzymes were observed especially in nuclei of the song-control system. the hormonal controls of these differences have now been analyzed by gonadectomizing birds of both sexes and by giving them a ...	1990	2394994
effect of glycerol on the hemodynamics of acutely induced ischemic area in the cerebral cortex of cats.	the effect of glycerol on the hemodynamics of ischemic areas of the brain was examined. employing a photoelectric apparatus, the cbv (vol%), mean transit time of blood(s), and cbf (ml/100 g/min) in the cortex of the left ectosylvian gyrus were determined in 16 anesthetized cats before, at 1 hr, and at 2 hr after left mca occlusion. in 10 cats, 10% glycerol in 5% fructose saline was intravenously administered at a speed of 5 ml/kg/hr at 1 hr after mca occlusion. the other animals served as the co ...	1990	2396522
doxycycline prophylaxis for shigellosis.	the efficacy of oral doxycycline, 100 mg/d for 14 days, in reducing the incidence of shigellosis in newcomers to an area hyperendemic for the disease was examined in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. of 107 entrants, 100 completed the study; 50 received the drug and 50 received a placebo. diarrheal disease and associated symptoms were monitored for 8 weeks. starting on the 3rd day of the trial, an outbreak was observed, and shigella flexneri type 2a was isolated from 6 subjects. eight of ...	1990	2404480
contribution of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities to shigella flexneri pathogenesis.	a shigella flexneri serotype 5 strain deficient in the production of the iron-containing superoxide dismutase fesod (sodb) and a catalase-negative (katfg) s. flexneri serotype 5 strain were isolated. both strains were examined for increased sensitivity to oxygen stress by using assays involving killing by mouse peritoneal macrophages and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes as well as infection of rabbit ileal loops. the sodb mutant was extremely sensitive to killing by phagocytes when compared wi ...	1990	2404874
acute glomerulonephritis due to shigella flexneri dysentery with demonstration of a virulence protein of shigella in circulating immune complexes.		1990	2405072
cloning vectors derived from streptomyces niveus plasmid psn2.	two high copy number, broad host range, general purpose cloning vectors, plg5 and plg10, derived from the unstable streptomyces niveus plasmid psn2 are described. plg5 (5.5 kb) and plg10 (6.5 kb) both carry the thiostrepton resistance (tsrr) and lethal zygosis (ltz+) markers and have single cloning sites within a non-essential region and the tsr gene. plg505 (7.4 kb) was constructed by cloning the viomycin resistance (vph) gene into the single bamhi site of plg5 to give a further vector with ins ...	1990	1369288
[molecular and cellular bases of shigella flexneri virulence].	shigella flexneri, a gram negative bacillus, causes bacillary dysentery, an ulcerative disease of the human colon, by invading intestinal epithelial cells. entry into epithelial cells occurs via an induced phagocytic process which involves the actino-myosin complex. the host-cell receptor and the transmembrane signal which initiate reorganization of the cytoskeleton are under study. binding to integrins has recently been demonstrated in related models such as the entry of yersinia pseudotubercul ...	1991	1742620
possible mechanisms underlying the slow lactose fermentation phenotype in shigella spp.	a southern hybridization analysis revealed that the region homologous to escherichia coli lacz was present on the chromosomal dnas of beta-galactosidase-positive shigella strains, such as shigella dysenteriae serovar 1 and shigella sonnei strains, whereas this region was absent from chromosomal dnas of beta-galactosidase-negative strains of shigella flexneri and shigella boydii. we found that the lacy-a region was deficient in s. dysenteriae serovar 1 and believe that this is the reason for the ...	1991	1746953
molecular mimickry between hla b27 and yersinia, salmonella, shigella and klebsiella within the same region of hla alpha 1-helix.	two new examples of amino acid homology between hla b27 and microbes triggering hla b27-associated diseases are described. an outer membrane protein yada (yersinia adhesin, previously called yop1) of yersinia enterocolitica and y. pseudotuberculosis shares a linear tetrapeptide with hla b27. a cationic outer membrane protein omph of salmonella typhimurium shares homology with five amino acids of hla b27 in a non-linear fashion. the four amino acids of yada are also notably included in the hexape ...	1991	1747948
[a study of kirby-bauer method of antimicrobial sensitivity test and resistant plasmid assay with 486 strains of shigella isolated clinically].	486 cases of bacillary dysentery admitted to an army hospital during the peak season (july to september) from 1986 to 1988 were studied. the pathogens in 452 cases were tested for antimicrobial sensitivity with 14 kinds of antibiotics by using kirby-bauer method recommended by who. the results showed that the number of antibiotics to which the dysentery bacteria became resistant had increased. in 1986 the number was 9, while in 1987 and 1988 it increased to 12 and 13 respectively. among the resi ...	1991	1752157
antimicrobial resistance trends of shigellae isolates from calabar, nigeria.	during a 3-year study (january 1986-december 1988), stools of 2200 diarrhoeal or dysenteric patients were examined by culturing and 108 (4.9%) were found positive for shigellae. shigella flexneri was the commonest species isolated (54.6%), followed by sh. dysenteriae (24.1%). patients aged less than or equal to 15 years accounted for 51.4% of cases. shigellae over the 3 years showed high and sometimes rising resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin and cotrimoxazole and complete r ...	1991	1758013
plasmid-associated resistance to pivmecillinam in shigella flexneri and shigella boydii.		1991	1761454
glucose and glutamine metabolism in rat macrophages: enhanced glycolysis and unaltered glutaminolysis in spontaneously diabetic bb rats.	metabolism of glutamine (gln, 2 mm) and glucose (5 mm) was studied in vitro in isolated resident peritoneal macrophages from both normal (bbn) and spontaneously diabetic bb (bbd) rats. the major products from gln were ammonia, glutamate, co2 and to a lesser extent aspartate. glucose decreased (p less than 0.01) the production of ammonia, co2 and aspartate from gln by 34-60%, but had no effect on the amount of glutamate accumulated. the major products from glucose were lactate and to a much lesse ...	1991	1764469
nucleotide sequence of the ipabcd structural genes of shigella dysenteriae.	a 9 kb ecori and two psti fragments from the virulence plasmid of shigella dysenteriae cg097 were shown to contain all ipa genes by probing with shigella flexneri ipab, -c, -d and -a gene probes. the dna sequences of s. dysenteriae ipabc genes were very similar to those of s. flexneri m90t and s. flexneri ysh6000, but ipad differed by 22 codons from that of s. flexneri. the differences in ipad may account for the different in vitro host specificities shown by s. dysenteriae and s. flexneri. the ...	1991	1766387
analysis of high psa n-cam expression during mammalian spinal cord and peripheral nervous system development.	using a monoclonal antibody that recognizes specifically a high polysialylated form of n-cam (high psa n-cam), the temporal and spatial expression of this molecule was studied in developing spinal cord and neural crest derivatives of mouse truncal region. temporal expression was analyzed on immunoblots of spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia (drgs) extracts microdissected at different developmental stages. analysis of the ratio of high psa n-cam to total n-cam indicated that sialylation and desia ...	1991	1769342
mosaic trisomy 8 associated with jejunal duplication.		1991	1773546
evidence for long-term memory of the mucosal immune system: milk secretory immunoglobulin a against shigella lipopolysaccharides.	although the common mucosal immune system has generally been considered to have only short-term memory, recent data suggest that long-term memory exists for shigella virulence plasmid antigens. because such antigens might cross-react with environmental antigens, we investigated milk for the persistence of antibodies to the specific shigella lipopolysaccharide (lps) antigens. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to detect secretory immunoglobulin a (siga) against shigella flexneri and shigella sonn ...	1991	1774268
efficacy and safety of oral cefixime therapy in common infectious diseases in children.	twenty-nine children, including 20 boys and 9 girls, were enrolled in an open trial of oral cefixime therapy for common pediatric infectious diseases. patients aged between 0.5 month and 12 years with a mean +/- standard deviation of 2.3 +/- 2.8 years. the diagnoses included 10 of acute otitis media, 2 of purulent rhinitis, 4 of acute enterocolitis, and 13 of urinary tract infection. most children received 6-12 mg/kg/day of cefixime granules, orally twice daily for more than five days. all 10 ca ...	1991	1776438
molecular cloning and genetic analysis of the rfb region from shigella flexneri type 6 in escherichia coli k-12.	the rfb gene cluster which determines the biosynthesis of the shigella flexneri serotype 6 o-antigen specificity has been cloned in phc79, generating plasmids ppm3115 and ppm3116. these plasmids mediate expression, in escherichia coli k-12, of lipopolysaccharides (lps) immunologically similar to the s. flexneri type 6 lps as judged by sds-page and western-immunoblot analysis using s. flexneri type 6 specific antisera. thus, unlike other s. flexneri serotypes, no additional loci are required for ...	1991	1778433
environmental signals induce major changes in virulence of shigella spp.	growth conditions play a major role in expression of virulence by shigella spp. both in vitro (adherence and internalization in eukaryotic host cells) and in vivo (keratoconjunctivitis). optimized expression of virulence required anaerobic growth to log phase in particular media such as brain heart infusion broth. kinetic studies of guinea pig eye infections showed that as few as 2 x 10(5) s. dysenteriae cg097 or s. flexneri m90t, grown under these optimized conditions, produced keratoconjunctiv ...	1991	1778444
regulation of toxa and rega by the escherichia coli fur gene and identification of a fur homologue in pseudomonas aeruginosa pa103 and pa01.	a multicopy plasmid containing the escherichia coli fur gene was introduced into pseudomonas aeruginosa strain pa103c. this strain contains a toxa-lacz fusion integrated into its chromosome at the toxa locus. beta-galactosidase synthesis in this strain is regulated by iron, as is seen for exotoxin a production. beta-galactosidase synthesis and exotoxin a production in pa103c containing multiple copies of e. coli fur was still repressed in low iron conditions. the transcription of rega, a positiv ...	1991	1779768
molecular pathogenesis of shigellosis: a review.		1991	1779886
salmonella enterica subspecies diarizonae bacteremia in an infant with enteritis--a case report.	the septicemia caused by the arizona group organism is rare and usually observed in adults with underlying diseases. in korea, salmonella infection is common, but a report of arizona infection is unknown. we isolated s. entercia subsp. diarizonae from blood of a 6-month-old infant. the serovar was determined as 28:z10:-, a rare one in america. the isolate was susceptible to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole and others. the patient rapidly recovered with ampicillin and gentamicin therapy ...	1991	1781188
salmonella enterica subspecies diarizonae bacteremia in an infant with enteritis--a case report.	the septicemia caused by the arizona group organism is rare and usually observed in adults with underlying diseases. in korea, salmonella infection is common, but a report of arizona infection is unknown. we isolated s. entercia subsp. diarizonae from blood of a 6-month-old infant. the serovar was determined as 28:z10:-, a rare one in america. the isolate was susceptible to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole and others. the patient rapidly recovered with ampicillin and gentamicin therapy ...	1991	1781188
damage to hepatic thyroxine 5'-deiodination induced by pathogenic factors of keshan disease and the preventive effects of selenium and vitamin e.	experiments were performed to investigate the change of hepatic t4 5'-deiodination and the preventive effects of selenium (se) and vitamin e in rats fed grains from a keshan disease (kd) endemic area. the results showed that consumption of the endemic grain for 8 weeks caused a significant reduction in hepatic t4 5'-monodeiodinase and glutathione peroxidase activities, and a marked enhancement of hepatic malondialdehyde content. these changes could be effectively prevented through se or vitamin ...	1991	1781930
effect of intracanalicular collagen implants on the absorption of topically applied sodium fluorescein.	absorbable intracanalicular collagen implants were placed in both canaliculi of one eye of nine human volunteers. the other eye served as a control. twenty-four hours later 2% sodium fluorescein was placed into both conjunctival sacs. serial corneal fluorescein concentrations were measured with a scanning ocular fluorophotometer from 2 to 90 min after fluorescein administration. the mean corneal fluorescein concentration averaged over all time points was greater in 7 of 9 eyes with collagen impl ...	1991	1782780
coronary artery thrombosis and thrombolysis in baboons: the effect of atenolol treatment on myocardial infarct size.	the effect of the beta-blocker atenolol on experimental infarct size was studied in a non-human primate model. in 12 baboons thrombosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery (lad) was induced and atenolol (0.1 to 0.2 mg.kg-1 intravenously, sufficient to lower the heart rate by 20%) was administered 10 min after the onset of ischaemia in six animals, whereas the others received placebo. thrombolysis was induced 60 min after the onset of ischaemia by intravenous injection of rtpa (12 mic ...	1991	1782934
changes of anti-hb core antibody in children with positive hb surface antigen.	to elucidate the clinical courses of children chronically infected with hb virus (hbv), ria values of anti-hbc were surveyed in 88 cases with positive hbs antigen. among 56 children with positive hbe antigen, 20 had negative, indefinite or low titers of anti-hbc, and 18 (90%) of them had no liver malfunction. out of 30 cases with abnormal liver function tests, 28 (93%) had high titers of anti-hbc. follow-up study for a period of over 12 months reveals that serum hbe antigen disappeared in 10 out ...	1991	1785326
[the culture of discussions and a little bit on the epidemiology of intestinal infections].		1991	1789044
["the modern theoretical and practical concepts of the epidemiology of shigellosis" and the culture of discussions].		1991	1789045
sequence variation in two ipah genes of shigella flexneri 5 and homology to the lrg-like family of proteins.	oligonucleotide primers derived from the ipah7.8 sequence have been used to determine the boundaries of dna sequence homology among five ipah genes on the invasion plasmid (pwr100) of shigella flexneri 5, strain m9ot-w. the primary structure of ipah4.5 has been established from dna sequence analysis. the first 197 amino acids in ipah7.8 were replaced in ipah4.5 by a unique set of 251 amino acids, generating two related proteins with variable and conserved sequences. the amino-terminal region of ...	1991	1791758
[the characteristics of the course of typhoid-paratyphoid diseases combined with acute dysentery].		1991	1792774
[plasmid analysis of antibiotic resistant shigella isolates].	a correlation between the multiple drug resistance patterns and the plasmid profiles given by 70 clinical isolates of shigella sonnei and shigella flexneri was investigated in this study. the most common plasmids were purified from different isolates by electroelution and characterized via restriction endonuclease digestions.	1991	1795658
[bacillary dysentery--1989].		1991	1796165
excretion of urinary enzymes in female sprague-dawley rats in relation to cellular compartment, creatinine excretion and diuresis.	one hundred and one young-adult female sprague-dawley rats were acclimatized to metabolic cages for 2 days. after that time 24-hour urine was collected at a constant cooling temperature of 0-4 degrees c. after gel filtration the enzyme activities were determined, and the resulting values were used to calculate 24-hour excretions. the following reference ranges (2.5 and 97.5 percentiles) were determined (in mu/24 h): lactate dehydrogenase 43-181; phosphohexoseisomerase 45-1445; glutathione-s-tran ...	1991	1797103
excretion of urinary enzymes in female sprague-dawley rats in relation to cellular compartment, creatinine excretion and diuresis.	one hundred and one young-adult female sprague-dawley rats were acclimatized to metabolic cages for 2 days. after that time 24-hour urine was collected at a constant cooling temperature of 0-4 degrees c. after gel filtration the enzyme activities were determined, and the resulting values were used to calculate 24-hour excretions. the following reference ranges (2.5 and 97.5 percentiles) were determined (in mu/24 h): lactate dehydrogenase 43-181; phosphohexoseisomerase 45-1445; glutathione-s-tran ...	1991	1797103
unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin pigments during perinatal development. iii. studies on serum of breast-fed and formula-fed neonates.	the process of conjugation and secretion of bilirubin was studied in a group of healthy, full-term, exclusively breast-fed newborns and a control group of exclusively formula-fed infants by means of a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of bilirubins present in serum. the serum concentrations of unconjugated bilirubin, esterified bilirubin, and the proportion of diesterified bilirubin (as percent of esterified bilirubin) were not significantly different in breast- and ...	1991	1797114
unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin pigments during perinatal development. iii. studies on serum of breast-fed and formula-fed neonates.	the process of conjugation and secretion of bilirubin was studied in a group of healthy, full-term, exclusively breast-fed newborns and a control group of exclusively formula-fed infants by means of a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of bilirubins present in serum. the serum concentrations of unconjugated bilirubin, esterified bilirubin, and the proportion of diesterified bilirubin (as percent of esterified bilirubin) were not significantly different in breast- and ...	1991	1797114
antitoxic properties of a preparation of glutathione s-transferase.	pretreatment of rats with a preparation of the cationic form of rat liver cytosolic glutathione s-transferase 1-3 h before injection of a dose of n-nitroso-n-diethylamine equivalent to the ld50 of the drug completely protects the animals against the toxic effects of the drug. the mechanism of the protective action of glutathione s-transferase is discussed.	1991	1797146
antitoxic properties of a preparation of glutathione s-transferase.	pretreatment of rats with a preparation of the cationic form of rat liver cytosolic glutathione s-transferase 1-3 h before injection of a dose of n-nitroso-n-diethylamine equivalent to the ld50 of the drug completely protects the animals against the toxic effects of the drug. the mechanism of the protective action of glutathione s-transferase is discussed.	1991	1797146
the sources of calcium for carbachol-induced contraction in the circular smooth muscle of guinea-pig stomach.	1. the action of carbachol on the mechanical activity of circular muscle from guinea-pig upper stomach was studied. high concentrations of carbachol (e.g. 10(-4) m) produced a rapid phasic contraction followed by a smaller, sustained tonic contraction. low concentrations (e.g. 10(-7) m) caused a contraction which did not generally show marked distinction between phasic and tonic components. 2. the response to 10(-7) m carbachol was very sensitive to 10(-5) m nifedipine as was the phasic response ...	1991	1797308
the sources of calcium for carbachol-induced contraction in the circular smooth muscle of guinea-pig stomach.	1. the action of carbachol on the mechanical activity of circular muscle from guinea-pig upper stomach was studied. high concentrations of carbachol (e.g. 10(-4) m) produced a rapid phasic contraction followed by a smaller, sustained tonic contraction. low concentrations (e.g. 10(-7) m) caused a contraction which did not generally show marked distinction between phasic and tonic components. 2. the response to 10(-7) m carbachol was very sensitive to 10(-5) m nifedipine as was the phasic response ...	1991	1797308
structural investigations of glucans from cultures of glomerella cingulata spaulding & von schrenck.	methylation analysis, enzymic digestion, n.m.r. spectroscopy, and smith degradation showed that the major extracellular polysaccharide, isolated from cultures of the fungus glomerella cingulata, was a (1----3)-beta-d-glucan with side chains of 1-4 (1----3)-linked beta-d-glucose residues attached to position 6. a (1----6)-beta-d-glucan was produced by the fungus in small proportions. treatment of the (1----3,1----6)-beta-d-glucan (890,315) with greater than 0.05m naoh at greater than 150 degrees, ...	1991	1797397
structural investigations of glucans from cultures of glomerella cingulata spaulding & von schrenck.	methylation analysis, enzymic digestion, n.m.r. spectroscopy, and smith degradation showed that the major extracellular polysaccharide, isolated from cultures of the fungus glomerella cingulata, was a (1----3)-beta-d-glucan with side chains of 1-4 (1----3)-linked beta-d-glucose residues attached to position 6. a (1----6)-beta-d-glucan was produced by the fungus in small proportions. treatment of the (1----3,1----6)-beta-d-glucan (890,315) with greater than 0.05m naoh at greater than 150 degrees, ...	1991	1797397
role of faecal leucocytes in the diagnostic evaluation of acute diarrhoea.	the value of faecal leucocyte examination was assessed in 400 infants with acute diarrhoea and 40 normal healthy infants. enteropathogens were isolated from 28.75%. escherichia coli was the commonest (16.5%) followed by salmonella typhimurium (7%), vibrio cholerae (3.25%) and shigella flexneri (1.5%). exudative response was observed in 57.1% of stools with salmonella and 66.6% each with shigella and e.i.e.c. infections. 81.3%, 89.5% and 87.7% of stools from which epec and etec and no enteropatho ...	1991	1797652
serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of shigella isolates in singapore.	serogrouping of 506 shigella strains isolated in singapore from 1986 to 1990 showed that shigella flexneri (60.3%) was the most common, followed by s. sonnei (33.6%), s. boydii (3.2%) and s. dysenteriae (3%). of the 23 shigella serotypes identified, the predominant ones were s. flexneri types 2a and 1b, s. boydii types 1 and 5, and s. dysenteriae types 1 and 3. more than 80% of the shigella species were resistant to at least one antimicrobial drug, and the incidence of multiresistance was partic ...	1991	1800565
coincident recording and stimulation of single and multiple neuronal activity with one extracellular microelectrode.	this paper describes how an extracellular microelectrode may be used to stimulate neurons with brief, rectangular pulses and afterwards directly record the resultant activity. two obstacles are the stimulus artifact lingering in the electrical circuitry and transient tip potentials (ttps) arising from ion depletion at the electrode-tissue interface. electronic switching between the stimulus source and the recording amplifier eliminates direct stimulus artifact from the electrical circuitry, alth ...	1991	1800855
a fatal case associated with shigellosis and vibrio fluvialis bacteremia.		1991	1802539
the immunobiology of mycoplasma arthritidis and its superantigen mam.		1991	1802617
the immunobiology of mycoplasma arthritidis and its superantigen mam.		1991	1802617
transient activation of 1-o-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine: acetyl-coa acetyltransferase during the incubation of macrophages.	the activity of the platelet-activating factor (paf)-synthesizing enzyme, 1-o-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (lysopaf):acetyl-coa acetyltransferase (ec 2.3.1.67) in alveolar macrophage lysate was found to be elevated after warming the cells to 37 degrees c. such an increase in enzyme activity was detectable only when intact cells were warmed. the stimulation was transient, reaching a peak at 2 min, and then gradually decreased to the control level. we could not find increased paf formation in ...	1991	1805090
technological aspect of the production of live dysentery vaccines for oral administration.	an experimental technology for the production of live freeze-dried vaccines prepared from attenuated shigella flexneri 2a and shigella sonnei i strains was developed. it is based on the cultivation of bacterial strains in a fermentor under conditions which ensure high yields. the strains grow in s-form, their antigenic structure is preserved and they remain non-virulent. the attenuating markers are stable. the freeze-dried vaccines retain good immunogenicity when applied intra-intestinally to ra ...	1991	1805499
changing antibiotic sensitivity patterns in shigellosis.	over five and a half months stool cultures were performed in 154 patients admitted with suspected bacillary dysentery to the professorial paediatric unit of the teaching hospital, galle. thirty one patients had a positive stool culture; shigella dysenteriae type 1 was isolated in 23 patients, and s flexneri in 8. in both groups the antibiotic sensitivity pattern was uniform, the only difference being s dysenteriae type 1 being resistant to nalidixic acid while s flexneri was sensitive. this anti ...	1991	1807844
neonatal shigellosis.		1991	1808054
milk secretory iga related to shigella virulence antigens.	20 mexico city and 23 houston, texas colostrum samples, and 21 mexican and 25 houston mature milk samples were analyzed by elisa and western blot, respectively, for antibodies against the virulence plasmid of shigella flexneri serotype 5 strain m9ot. the method involved comparing water extracts of milk in elisa and western blot determinations of antigens against shigella flexneri strain m9ot which is fully virulent, to those against m9ot a2 which lacks the virulence plasmid. while there are at ...	1991	1809012
study of high density escherichia coli fermentation for production of porcine somatotropin protein.	recombinant e. coli strains and culture conditions were studied for the fermentation expression of porcine somatotropin (pst) inclusion bodies under the control of a pl promoter. our objective was to achieve high cell density together with a high level of recombinant protein expression. improved fermentation conditions included oxygen enrichment, yeast extract (ye) effect, optimal specific growth to switch on gene expression, and feeding strategies. to maintain a low residual glucose concentrati ...	1991	1809195
[the role of a secondary immunodeficiency in the pathogenesis of different forms of dysentery].		1991	1810052
[the treatment of protracted forms of flexner dysentery].	the clinical efficacy of sodium nucleinate (sn) combined with splenin and quercetin given for lingering flexner's dysentery in a group of 43 patients was compared with that of routine therapy used in a group of the same number of patients. it has been established that the above drug combination favours the elimination of the pathological symptoms of dyspepsia, the arrest of bacterial isolation and normalization of the immune status. provided the effect of the combined drug treatment is insuffici ...	1991	1810053
[humoral and cellular immunity in patients with acute dysentery].		1991	1810054
[the functional status of the endocrine pancreas in patients with acute intestinal infections].	ria was used to measure the content of insulin, c-peptide and glucagon in blood plasma of 84 patients with acute dysentery and food toxicoinfections. the studies were carried out in the acute disease period and before the discharge from hospital. the data obtained indicate that despite the appreciable differences in the disease pathogenesis, the pathophysiological mechanisms influencing pancreatic function are similar in many respects. the changes are characterized by an increase in plasma insul ...	1991	1810055
serotonin immunoreactivity in the intermediate lobe of the rat pituitary.	immunocytochemical staining for serotonin (5-ht) in paraffin-embedded sections of rat pituitary resulted in the localization of reactive nerve fibres and cell bodies in the intermediate lobe. immunostaining was also found in the anterior and posterior lobes. labelled nerve fibres appear to enter the intermediate lobe from the neural lobe through the interlobular spaces. these fibres are relatively scarce and lightly stained. neuroglandular contacts were identified between varicose nerve endings ...	1991	1810536
[antigenic analysis and identification of serotype for an arguable strain of shigella].	a strain of shigella, 51331, was isolated abroad in 1935, and stored in the center for medical culture collection, beijing. since the serotype of this strain was arguable in china. it was identified as sh. flexneri var. x with antigenic analysis. as agglutinin absorption technic was used in preparing diagnostic factor serum, it appears that the culture of strain 51331 could be agglutinated by shigella antiserum flexner type 3 (sh. flexneri) made in china and england. the present author suggested ...	1991	1814048
synthesis and siderophore activity of albomycin-like peptides derived from n5-acetyl-n5-hydroxy-l-ornithine.	n5-acetyl-n5-hydroxy-l-ornithine (1), the key constituent of several microbial siderophores, has been synthesized in 23% yield overall from n-cbz-l-glutamic acid 1-tert-butyl ester (6) derived from l-glutamic acid. reduction of 6 to 7 and treatment with n-[(trichloroethoxy)carbonyl]-o-benzylhydroxylamine (8), and diethyl azodicarboxylate and triphenylphosphine followed by deprotection produced the protected n5-acetyl-n5-hydroxy-l-ornithine derivatives 11 and 12 in large quantities (10-20 g). fol ...	1991	1825849
synthesis and siderophore and antibacterial activity of n5-acetyl-n5-hydroxy-l-ornithine-derived siderophore-beta-lactam conjugates: iron-transport-mediated drug delivery.	n5-acetyl-n5-hydroxy-l-ornithyl-n5-acetyl-n5-hydroxy-l-ornithyl-n5-acety l- n5-hydroxy-l-ornithine, the functionally instrumental component of the albomycins and ferrichromes, has been incorporated as a "carrier" substructure into both carbacephalosporin and oxamazin type beta-lactam antibiotics. the previously synthesized protected version of this tripeptide (14) was coupled with various beta-lactam analogues 17, 19, 24, and 25 to give protected conjugates 21, 22, 26, and 27. final deprotection ...	1991	1825850
suppression of vascular injury at the arthus reaction site by a complement inhibitor, 5,5',5''-(1,3,6-naphthalene-triyl-tris[sulfonylimino])-tris (1,3-benzene disulfonic acid) hexasodium salt.	a novel polyanionic complement inhibitor 5,5,5''-(1,3,6-naphthalene-triyl-tris[sulfonylimino])-tris(1 ,3-benzene- disulfonic acid) hexasodium salt (compound iib) was tested for its ability to suppress vascular injury at the site of the arthus reaction (ar). in control animals in which ar was evoked without drug treatment, venules at ar sites ranged from normal (arbitrarily defined as stage i) to destroyed (stage v). between these two ends of the spectrum were venules with an accumulation of cell ...	1991	1828755
localization of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist mrna in rat brain.	interleukin-1 (il-1) is an inflammatory peptide hormone, with potent neuroendocrine effects. il-1 stimulates the central nervous system production of corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh), growth hormone (gh), thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh), and somatostatin, and inhibits the secretion of prolactin and luteinizing hormone (lh). interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (il-1ra) is a novel cytokine, recently purified, characterized, and cloned. il-1ra is a pure endogenous antagonist of il-1:il-1 funct ...	1991	1829036
localization of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist mrna in rat brain.	interleukin-1 (il-1) is an inflammatory peptide hormone, with potent neuroendocrine effects. il-1 stimulates the central nervous system production of corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh), growth hormone (gh), thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh), and somatostatin, and inhibits the secretion of prolactin and luteinizing hormone (lh). interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (il-1ra) is a novel cytokine, recently purified, characterized, and cloned. il-1ra is a pure endogenous antagonist of il-1:il-1 funct ...	1991	1829036
[the manifestations of the epidemic process in shigellosis and their theoretical interpretation].	this work, based on the retrospective analysis of shigellosis morbidity among organized groups of adults, as well as the whole population of the city, demonstrates the manifestations of the epidemic process. water supply was common in the city, while water consumption was autonomous. the organized groups of adults did not use the products of the local milk-processing factory. the following facts were established. the dynamics of morbidity in flexner's dysentery showed the change of dominating va ...	1991	1830443
[the structure of the population morbidity with specific intestinal infections in areas with different intensities in the development of the epidemic process and an evaluation of its manifestations].	the authors analyze the morbidity structure in five enteric infections (typhoid fever, dysentery caused by shigella flexneri and shigella sonnei, hepatitis a, and hepatitis e (non a, non b) with the fecal/oral mechanism of the agent transmission) in three towns of turkmenia and in the town of novomoskovsk, tula province. the incidence of s. sonnei dysentery was found higher in novomoskovsk and that of the rest enteric infections under study in turkmenia. the incidence of typhoid fever and hepati ...	1991	1836925
ascaris in the common bile duct: diagnosis by ultrasound and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ercp) and extraction by balloon catheter.	this is a case report of ascaris worm in the common bile duct in a 61 year old lady. ultrasound diagnosis was initially made based on the presence of linear hyperreflective foci within the common bile duct. ercp confirmed a single worm within the duct. balloon extraction was then successfully carried out following papillotomy. this case illustrates the value of ultrasound in the definitive diagnosis of biliary ascariasis and the therapeutic role of ercp.	1991	1839928
ascaris in the common bile duct: diagnosis by ultrasound and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ercp) and extraction by balloon catheter.	this is a case report of ascaris worm in the common bile duct in a 61 year old lady. ultrasound diagnosis was initially made based on the presence of linear hyperreflective foci within the common bile duct. ercp confirmed a single worm within the duct. balloon extraction was then successfully carried out following papillotomy. this case illustrates the value of ultrasound in the definitive diagnosis of biliary ascariasis and the therapeutic role of ercp.	1991	1839928
genetic analysis of the enterobactin gene cluster in shigella flexneri.	the genes for transport and synthesis of the phenolate siderophore enterobactin are present on the chromosomes of both ent+ and ent- clinical isolates of shigella flexneri. to determine why ent- s. flexneri isolates fail to express a functional enterobactin system, the structure and expression of enterobactin genes were examined. several alterations may be responsible for the inability of s. flexneri to express enterobactin. (i) the mrna levels produced from the entc and fepb genes were not dere ...	1991	1846151
molecular epidemiology of shigella infections: plasmid profiles, serotype correlation, and restriction endonuclease analysis.	plasmid isolation was used to refine the epidemiologic analysis for 168 shigellosis cases in pima county, ariz. plasmids of less than 20 kb were used for comparison of plasmid profiles. plasmid patterns for each species were distinct. a total of 57 of 74 (77%) shigella flexneri strains could be placed into seven plasmid patterns, 70 of 79 (89%) shigella sonnei strains could be placed into seven patterns, 12 shigella boydii strains could be placed into six patterns, and each of 3 shigella dysente ...	1991	1847148
interstitial chromosomal deletion within 4q11-q13 in a human hepatoma cell line.	southern blot analysis revealed the presence of an aberrant albumin gene as well as a normal one in a human hepatoma cell line, huh-7. a genomic sequence carrying this altered gene was isolated and characterized. this clone contains a 3-kbp 3' segment of the albumin gene linked to a non-albumin sequence at intron 11. the non-albumin sequence is assigned to chromosome 4q12-q13 by in situ hybridization. this indicates an interstitial deletion of a chromosomal segment within 4q11-q13 because the al ...	1991	1847664
kinetic analysis of transport and opioid receptor binding of [3h](-)-cyclofoxy in rat brain in vivo: implications for human studies.	[3h]cyclofoxy (cf: 17-cyclopropylmethyl-3,14-dihydroxy-4,5-alpha-epoxy-6-beta-fluoromorp hinan) is an opioid antagonist with affinity to both mu and kappa subtypes that was synthesized for quantitative evaluation of opioid receptor binding in vivo. two sets of experiments in rats were analyzed. the first involved determining the metabolite-corrected blood concentration and tissue distribution of cf in brain 1 to 60 min after i.v. bolus injection. the second involved measuring brain washout for 1 ...	1991	1847702
virulence-associated chromosomal loci of shigella flexneri identified by random tn5 insertion mutagenesis.	shigellae are the causative agents of bacillary dysentery and are capable of invading epithelial cells, multiplying therein and spreading into adjacent cells. to identify genes on the chromosome associated with the virulence phenotype, 9114 independent tn5 insertion mutants were isolated in a virulent strain of shigella flexneri. by using an in vitro assay for intercellular spread or an animal infection model, the serény test, 50 chromosomal tn5 mutants with reduced virulence were identified. th ...	1991	1849606
evidence that the asparagine 322 mutant of the lactose permease transports protons and lactose with a normal stoichiometry and accumulates lactose against a concentration gradient.	the single asparagine 322 mutant of the lactose permease was made by constructing a hybrid plasmid which contained the amino-terminal coding sequence from the wild-type permease gene and the carboxyl-terminal coding sequence from a previously characterized double mutant permease which contained an asparagine residue at position 322. since histidine at position 322 has been postulated to be critically involved with h+ transport and the active accumulation of sugars, the ability of the asn-322 mut ...	1991	1849889
structure and function of the maize spm transposable element.	the spm's primary transcript is alternatively spliced to give at least 4 different transcripts which code for proteins with extensive overlapping domains. two of these proteins, the tnpa and tnpd gene products, are necessary and sufficient to promote dspm transposition in tobacco. moreover, the tnpa gene product is also sufficient to suppress the basal level of expression observed in some dspm-disrupted genes, and probably to activate the expression of inactive elements and of other dspm-disrupt ...	1991	1851643
miniature manipulator with microelectrode for chronic recording of single units from freely-moving animals.	we report a simple recording and stimulating system, a miniature manipulator with a microelectrode (mmm) that can be mounted on animal's skull. the system consists of a miniature manipulator and a microelectrode which are used in one body. several mmms can be implanted simultaneously into the brain as the part of the manipulator is small. with this device, recording of single units from several different cortices is possible from awake and unrestricted animals.	1991	1851979
photoaffinity labeling of rat type i iodothyronine deiodinase.	the photoreactive compound p-nitrophenyl-2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate (pal) was coupled to [125i]rt3, t4, or t3 and incubated with liver and kidney microsomes of hypo-, hyper-, or euthyroid rats to identify the type i iodothyronine deiodinase. various substrates or inhibitors of the enzyme, including rt3, t4, t3, 6-n-propylthiouracil (ptu), and iopanoic acid, were used as competitors to establish the specificity of protein labeling. the pal derivatization enhanced the behavior of t4 and t3 ...	1991	1855452
trihexyphenidyl enhances physostigmine prophylaxis against soman poisoning in guinea pigs.	the protective effects of simultaneous and continuous administration of physostigmine and trihexyphenidyl against soman-induced toxicity were studied in guinea pigs. not only did trihexyphenidyl reduce physostigmine-induced toxicity when it was administered continuously to the animals along with physostigmine, the combination afforded greater protection from soman lethality than did either agent administered alone. the combination pretreatment also gave better protection against soman-induced bo ...	1991	1855620
prospective hospital based study on persistent diarrhoea.	a total of 383 children aged less than 5 years suffering from acute watery diarrhoea or dysentery were studied in hospital to determine the rate of persistent diarrhoea. altogether 335 (87.5%) recovered within 13 days. only in 48 (12.5%) did the diarrhoea continue for 14 days or more, and they were considered as having persistent diarrhoea. children aged between 7 and 18 months had a significantly increased incidence of persistent diarrhoea. children suffering from grade ii-iv malnutrition const ...	1991	1855686
the role of c5 and t-cell receptor vb genes in susceptibility to collagen-induced arthritis.	collagen-induced arthritis (cia) is a rodent arthritis model in which immunization with heterologous type ii collagen induces an inflammatory polyarthritis. susceptibility to the disease is mediated by major histocompatibility complex (mhc) genes as well as genes at other loci. previous studies of the swr/j mouse strain, which is resistant to cia despite bearing the susceptible h-2q haplotype, have suggested that this resistance is the result of a deletion of t-cell receptor (tcr) vb gene segmen ...	1991	1855815
isolation of mosquito-pathogenic bacillus sphaericus & b. thuringiensis from the root surface of hydrophytes.	attempts were made to isolate b. sphaericus and b. thuringiensis active against mosquito larvae from the root surface of hydrophytes. out of 139 samples processed, 86 b. sphaericus and 23 b. thuringiensis isolates were obtained. sixty two of the b. sphaericus isolates belonged to the serotype h5a5b, 2 to h6 and 22 isolates did not agglutinate with any of the 6 antisera tested. twenty of the b. thuringiensis isolates belonged to the h14 serotype, 1 each to the h10 and h17 serotype(s) and 1 to an ...	1991	1855819
in vitro effect of phyllanthus amarus on hepatitis b virus.	to evaluate the effects of p. amarus on hepatitis b virus (hbv) antigens and hbv-dna, initial ethanolic extract and subsequent fractions of the plants were prepared. the whole plant material was dried, powdered and extracted with alcohol and subsequently fractionated in hexane, chloroform, butanol and finally in water. all the material were tested for in vitro effects on hbsag, hbeag and hbv-dna in serum samples positive for hbv antigens followed by the screening of respective antigens by elisa. ...	1991	1855821
subcellular fractions of rat organs contain nitroreductases which reduce n-nitrodimethylamine to n-nitrosodimethylamine.	the nasal carcinogen n-nitrodimethylamine was reduced to its n-nitroso analogue n-nitrosodimethylamine in vivo. liver-soluble fraction and brain mitochondria contained enzymes capable of reducing this compound. the activity was only partly inhibited by oxygen; nadph and nadh served as cosubstrates. n-nitromethylamine is also carcinogenic and was reduced by liver cytoplasm to a protein binding species (methyldiazohydroxide?).	1991	1855880
temperature-regulated expression of invasion genes in shigella flexneri is controlled through the transcriptional activation of the virb gene on the large plasmid.	the invasion phenotype of shigellae is subject to thermoregulation that is known to be expressed through activation of some invasion (inv) genes such as ipab, ipac, and ipad encoded by the large virulence plasmid of shigella flexneri. the expression of ipa genes is regulated positively by virf through the activation of virb on the plasmid. to identify the mediator for the thermoregulation of the large plasmid, we have studied the effect of temperature on the transcription of virf and virb genes ...	1991	1857209
glucagon-induced changes in plasma thyroid hormone concentrations in healthy dogs resemble "euthyroid sick syndrome".	we recently demonstrated that glucagon infusion induced a decline in t3 and a rise in rt3 in anesthetized dogs. these changes in t3 and rt3 may be attributed, at least in part, to anesthesia itself, since general anesthesia is known to cause lowering of t3 and an elevation in rt3 during the perioperative period. therefore, to eliminate the contribution, if any, of anesthesia to these changes in t3 and rt3, we assessed plasma glucose, t3 resin uptake (t3ru), t4, free t4, t3 and rt3 concentrations ...	1991	1865078
stress modulates calcium mobilization in immune cells.	both acute and chronic restraint stress modulated mitogen-induced increases in cytoplasmic free-calcium concentrations ([ca2+]i) in mouse spleen cells. dual-color analysis of lymphocyte subpopulations demonstrated that acute (2 hour) restraint stress suppressed mitogen-stimulated increases in [ca2+]i in cd4+ t cells, but enhanced [ca2+]i in cd8+ t cells. chronic restraint stress (2 hours daily for up to 21 days) resulted in a significant suppression of mitogen-stimulated increases in [ca2+]i in ...	1991	1865761
[contacts between the cells in bacterial colonies].	the interaction of cells in microbial colonies has been studied by electron-microscopic techniques. two types of contacts between cells have been found to exist in the colonies of gram-negative bacteria of the genera escherichia, shigella and salmonella: close cell adhesion due to the fusion of cell-wall outer membranes and the formation of intersections consisting of membranous tubules. at the sites of close adhesion the fusion of cytoplasmic and outer membranes have been found to occur in baye ...	1991	1867039
effect of prior infection with virulent shigella flexneri 2a on the resistance of monkeys to subsequent infection with shigella sonnei.	all virulent shigellae have large plasmids. plasmid-associated genes encode the expression of membrane-associated proteins (map), some of which correlate with the ability to invade susceptible epithelial cells. these map are serologically related in all of the shigella serotypes and evoke an antibody response after infection. to determine whether the map have a significant role in protection, 24 monkeys were infected with virulent shigella flexneri 2a. after recovery, one group (with controls) w ...	1991	1869840
virulence phenotype and genetic characteristics of the t32-istrati shigella flexneri 2a vaccine strain.	the t32-istrati strain, which has been used as an oral attenuated shigella flexneri 2a vaccine, has lost the invasive phenotype due to a spontaneous deletion in the shigella virulence plasmid. this deletion has eliminated three plasmid loci (ipabcda, inva and virg) that are necessary for production of a positive sereny test by shigella species. virulence in the sereny test was reconstituted in the t32-istrati strain by the conjugal transfer of an intact 140 m da virulence plasmid from s. flexner ...	1991	1872021
antigen sharing of salmonella typhi non-flagellar proteins with other salmonellae and some shigellae and escherichia coli.	cathodal moving protein components were identified in agarose gel electrophoresis of the veronal buffer extract of a non-motile strain of s. typhi (8393, colindale). rabbit antiserum was raised against these cationic proteins; it had both agglutinating and precipitating activity. a total of 80 salmonella strains belonging to serogroups a, b, c1, c2, d, e1 and e2 including 26 s. typhi and 10 s. paratyphi a were tested against this antiserum in a slide agglutination test; all strains were agglutin ...	1991	1874550
different patterns of behavior produced by haloperidol, pentobarbital, and dantrolene in tests of unconditioned locomotion and operant responding.	three motor-impairing drugs with different putative mechanisms of action (haloperidol 0.00, 0.075, 0.15, 0.30 mg/kg ip; pentobarbital 0.00, 4.5, 9, 12 mg/kg ip; and dantrolene 0.00, 5, 7.5, 10 mg/kg ip) produced strikingly similar patterns of dose-dependent attenuation in unconditioned locomotor behavior. however, the same drugs and doses produced highly divergent patterns of disruption when tested using different groups of rats in a food-rewarded operant task, which included both response initi ...	1991	1876659
potentials of shigella flexneri y strain tsf21 as a candidate vaccine against shigellosis: safety, immunogenicity and protective efficacy in bonnet monkeys.	a thymine-requiring and temperature-sensitive mutant of shigella flexneri y was tested in bonnet monkeys for safety, immunogenicity and protective efficacy. a dose of 10(11) cells when fed orally mimicked natural infection in having invaded epithelial cells, but was otherwise clinically non-reactogenic. animals immunized with two oral doses, each dose consisting of 1 x 10(11) mutant bacteria, were fully protected when challenged, with respect to the lack of any clinical symptoms or detectable hi ...	1991	1878259
a case of shigellosis caused by shigella dysenteriae type 1 and shigella flexneri type 5b.	shigella dysenteriae type 1 and shigella flexneri type 5b strains were isolated as causative agents of bacterial dysentery in a patient having visited south-east asia. both strains are a rare finding for bulgaria. s. dysenteriae 1 strains have not been isolated since 1962, and there were only single isolates of s. flexneri 5b. the strains were of the same antibiotic resistance patterns. conjugation experiments showed that resistance is determined by transferrable r-plasmids having identical char ...	1991	1880406