Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| glutathione transferase activity and expression patterns during grain filling in flag leaves of wheat genotypes differing in drought tolerance: response to water deficit. | total glutathione s-transferase (gst, ec 2.5.1.18) and glutathione peroxidase (gpox) activity were measured spectrophotometrically in triticum aestivum cv. mv emese and cv. plainsman (drought tolerant) and cv. gk elet and cappelle desprez (drought-sensitive) flag leaves under control and drought stress conditions during the grain-filling period, in order to reveal possible roles of different gst classes in the senescence of flag leaves. six wheat gsts, members of 3 gst classes, were selected and ... | 2009 | 19615785 |
| insecticidal efficacy of abamectin against three stored-product insect pests: influence of dose rate, temperature, commodity, and exposure interval. | the insecticidal efficacy of abamectin against adults of rhyzopertha dominica (f.), sitophilus oryzae (l.), and tribolium confusum jacquelin du val was assessed under laboratory conditions. the efficacy of abamectin was assessed on two commodities (wheat, triticum aestivum l. and maize, zea mays l.) and two temperatures (25 and 30 degrees c). the dose rates used were 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 ppm. mortality of the exposed adults in the treated grains was measured after 7, 14 and 21 d (= days), where ... | 2009 | 19610457 |
| cultivar preferences of ovipositing wheat stem sawflies as influenced by the amount of volatile attractant. | the wheat stem sawfly, cephus cinctus norton, causes severe losses in wheat grown in the northern great plains. much of the affected area is planted in monoculture with wheat, triticum aestivum l., grown in large fields alternating yearly between crop and no-till fallow. the crop and fallow fields are adjacent. this cropping landscape creates pronounced edge effects of sawfly infestations and may be amenable to trap cropping using existing agricultural practices. the behavioral preference for tw ... | 2009 | 19610414 |
| dough rheology and wet milling of hard waxy wheat flours. | to realize the full potential of waxy wheat (triticum aestivum l.), the wet milling properties of waxy wheat flours including their dough-mixing properties were investigated. flours of six waxy hard wheats, one normal hard wheat ('karl 92'), and one partial waxy hard wheat ('trego') were fractionated by the dough-washing (martin) process, and the yields and recoveries of starch and gluten were compared. when waxy and normal wheat starches each were blended with a wheat gluten to give a mixture c ... | 2009 | 19594158 |
| cytological changes in turkish durum and bread wheat genotypes in response to salt stress. | effects of salt stress on root growth, mitotic index, nuclear volume, vacuolization, nucleolar distortion and starch content were investigated in turkish bread wheat ( triticum aestivum l. cvs. yildiz - salt sensitive, dagdas - salt tolerant) and durum wheat ( triticum durum l. cvs. c1252 - salt sensitive, meramsalt tolerant) genotypes which were treated with 150 mm naci over a 6-day period. salt treatment of wheat seedlings resulted in a decrease in root elongation and cell division in all geno ... | 2009 | 19584031 |
| heterosis in some crosses of bread wheat under irrigation and drought conditions. | five bread wheat varieties with different characteristics were crossed in a half-diallel model in 2005/2006 season. the five parents and their 10 f1 hybrids were evaluated under normal and water stress conditions during 2006/2007 season, to estimate heterosis of some wheat crosses for drought tolerance and selecting the crosses which could be useful in breeding programs for drought tolerance. the results indicated that, the best crosses over their mid parents at water stress condition for days t ... | 2009 | 19579996 |
| gene effects and combining ability in some bread wheat genotypes to yellow rust disease. | ten wheat lines were studied to determine gene effects and combining ability in some bread wheat genotypes to yellow rust disease. ten parental lines and f1 were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in agricultural and natural resources research center, mashhad, iran. two races (134e134a+ and 4e0a+) were used for this study. latent period (lp) and infection type (it) were measured in the field and greenhouse. results showed significant differences between races ... | 2009 | 19579935 |
| members of the dof transcription factor family in triticum aestivum are associated with light-mediated gene regulation. | dna binding with one finger (dof) protein is a plant-specific transcription factor implicated in the regulation of many important plant-specific processes, including photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. this study has identified 31 dof genes (tadof) in bread wheat through extensive analysis of current nucleotide databases. phylogenetic analysis suggests that the tadof family can be divided into four clades. expression analysis of the tadof family across all major organs using quantitative ... | 2009 | 19578911 |
| benzoxazinoid biosynthesis, a model for evolution of secondary metabolic pathways in plants. | benzoxazinoids are secondary metabolites that are effective in defence and allelopathy. they are synthesised in two subfamilies of the poaceae and sporadically found in single species of the dicots. the biosynthesis is fully elucidated in maize; here the genes encoding the enzymes of the pathway are in physical proximity. this "biosynthetic cluster" might facilitate coordinated gene regulation. data from zea mays, triticum aestivum and hordeum lechleri suggest that the pathway is of monophyletic ... | 2009 | 19577780 |
| low-energy x-ray fluorescence microscopy opening new opportunities for bio-related research. | biological systems are unique matter with very complex morphology and highly heterogeneous chemical composition dominated by light elements. discriminating qualitatively at the sub-micrometer level the lateral distribution of constituent elements, and correlating it to the sub-cellular biological structure, continues to be a challenge. the low-energy x-ray fluorescence microspectroscopy, recently implemented in twinmic scanning transmission mode, has opened up new opportunities for mapping the d ... | 2009 | 19570794 |
| [effects of shading on wheat grain starch quality and redistribution of pre-anthesis stored nonstructural carbohydrates]. | this paper studied the effects of shading in the period from jointing to maturity on the grain yield, starch content, and starch paste traits of two winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars, shading-tolerant yangmai 158 and shading-intolerant yangmai 11, and analyzed the relationships of the redistribution of total soluble sugars stored before anthesis in vegetative organs with the grain yield, starch content, and starch paste parameters of the cultivars. the results showed that shading dec ... | 2009 | 19565759 |
| effect of water stress on carbon isotope discrimination and rubisco activity in bread and durum wheat genotypes. | carbon isotope discrimination (cid) has been suggested as an indirect tool for selection of water use efficiency in wheat. this study evaluates the role of rubisco activity in regulating carbon isotope discrimination (cid) and discriminate the response of durum (pdw-233) and bread (c-306, hd-2329) wheat genotypes for carbon isotope discrimination and rubisco activity under induced water stress hydroponically created by using different concentrations of peg. in c-306, a well known drought toleran ... | 2009 | 23572938 |
| genetic variability in brazilian wheat cultivars assessed by microsatellite markers. | wheat (triticum aestivum) is one of the most important food staples in the south of brazil. understanding genetic variability among the assortment of brazilian wheat is important for breeding. the aim of this work was to molecularly characterize the thirty-six wheat cultivars recommended for various regions of brazil, and to assess mutual genetic distances, through the use of microsatellite markers. twenty three polymorphic microsatellite markers (pmm) delineated all 36 of the samples, revealing ... | 2009 | 21637519 |
| wheat-alien metaphase i pairing of individual wheat genomes and d genome chromosomes in interspecific hybrids between triticum aestivum l. and aegilops geniculata roth. | homoeologous metaphase i (mi) pairing of triticum aestivum x aegilops geniculata hybrids (2n = 5x = 35, abdu(g)m(g)) has been examined by an in situ hybridization procedure permitting simultaneous discrimination of a, b, d and wild genomes. the seven d genome chromosomes (and their arms, except for 6d and 7d) plus some additional wheat chromosomes were also identified. wheat-wild mi associations represented more than 60% of total, with an average ratio of 5:1:12 for those involving the a, b and ... | 2009 | 19557382 |
| transcriptional profiling in response to terminal drought stress reveals differential responses along the wheat genome. | water stress during grain filling has a marked effect on grain yield, leading to a reduced endosperm cell number and thus sink capacity to accumulate dry matter. the bread wheat cultivar chinese spring (cs), a chinese spring terminal deletion line (cs_5al-10) and the durum wheat cultivar creso were subjected to transcriptional profiling after exposure to mild and severe drought stress at the grain filling stage to find evidences of differential stress responses associated to different wheat geno ... | 2009 | 19552804 |
| wheat stripe rust resistance genes yr5 and yr7 are allelic. | stripe rust is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat. breeding for resistance is the most economical and environmentally acceptable means to control stripe rust. genetic studies on resistance sources are very important. previous inheritance studies on triticum aestivum subsp. spelta cv. album and wheat cultivar lee showed that each possessed a single dominant gene for stripe rust resistance, i.e., yr5 and yr7, respectively. both were located on the long arm of chromosome 2b, but due to t ... | 2009 | 19763533 |
| mlag12: a triticum timopheevii-derived powdery mildew resistance gene in common wheat on chromosome 7al. | wheat powdery mildew is an economically important disease in cool and humid environments. powdery mildew causes yield losses as high as 48% through a reduction in tiller survival, kernels per head, and kernel size. race-specific host resistance is the most consistent, environmentally friendly and, economical method of control. the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) germplasm line nc06bgtag12 possesses genetic resistance to powdery mildew introgressed from the aagg tetraploid genome triticum timopheevi ... | 2009 | 19760389 |
| qtl mapping for adult-plant resistance to stripe rust in italian common wheat cultivars libellula and strampelli. | italian common wheat cultivars libellula and strampelli, grown for over three decades in gansu province of china, have shown effective resistance to stripe rust. to elucidate the genetic basis of the resistance, f(3) populations were developed from crosses between the two cultivars and susceptible chinese wheat cultivar huixianhong. the f(3) lines were evaluated for disease severity in beijing, gansu and sichuan from 2005 to 2008. joint- and single-environment analyses by composite interval mapp ... | 2009 | 19756474 |
| analysis of diversity and linkage disequilibrium along chromosome 3b of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | a highly polymorphic core collection of bread wheat and a more narrow-based breeding material, gathered from pedigrees of seven modern cultivars, was analysed in order to compare genetic diversity indices and linkage disequilibrium (ld) patterns along the chromosome 3b with microsatellite (ssr) and diversity arrays technology markers. five ancestral gene pools could be identified within the core collection, indicating a strong geographical structure (northwest europe, southeast europe, cimmyt-ic ... | 2009 | 19756470 |
| [genetic analysis of the traits introgressed from aegilops speltoides tausch. to common wheat and determined by chromosome 5a genes]. | a winter common wheat accession from the arsenal collection was genetically examined to study the results of introgression, which substantially changed the physiological and morphological traits of the original spring cultivar rodina. apart from its winter habit, the accession was characterized by awned speltoid spikes, suggesting introgression into chromosome 5a, which carried marker genes in the order vrn-al-q-bl. genetic analysis showed that the chromosome fragment introgressed from aegilops ... | 2009 | 19705742 |
| seed-specific expression of the wheat puroindoline genes improves maize wet milling yields. | the texture of maize (zea mays l.) seeds is important to seed processing properties, and soft dent maize is preferred for both wet-milling and livestock feed applications. the puroindoline genes (pina and pinb) are the functional components of the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) hardness locus and together function to create soft grain texture in wheat. the pins (pina and pinb) are believed to act by binding to lipids on the surface of starch granules, preventing tight adhesion between starch granu ... | 2009 | 19702647 |
| genetic dissection of chlorophyll content at different growth stages in common wheat. | quantitative trait loci (qtls) for chlorophyll content were studied using a doubled haploid (dh) population with 168 progeny lines, derived from a cross between two elite chinese wheat cultivars huapei 3 x yumai 57. chlorophyll content was evaluated at the maximum tillering stage (ms), the heading stage (hs), and the grain filling stage (gs), at three different environments in 2005 and 2006 cropping seasons. qtl analyses were performed using a mixed linear model approach. a total of 17 additive ... | 2009 | 19700856 |
| direct measures of mechanical energy for knife mill size reduction of switchgrass, wheat straw, and corn stover. | lengthy straw/stalk of biomass may not be directly fed into grinders such as hammer mills and disc refiners. hence, biomass needs to be preprocessed using coarse grinders like a knife mill to allow for efficient feeding in refiner mills without bridging and choking. size reduction mechanical energy was directly measured for switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.), wheat straw (triticum aestivum l.), and corn stover (zea mays l.) in an instrumented knife mill. direct power inputs were determined for di ... | 2009 | 19683916 |
| rapid and non-invasive analysis of deoxynivalenol in durum and common wheat by fourier-transform near infrared (ft-nir) spectroscopy. | fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy (ft-nir) was used for rapid and non-invasive analysis of deoxynivalenol (don) in durum and common wheat. the relevance of using ground wheat samples with a homogeneous particle size distribution to minimize measurement variations and avoid don segregation among particles of different sizes was established. calibration models for durum wheat, common wheat and durum + common wheat samples, with particle size <500 microm, were obtained by using partial l ... | 2009 | 19680966 |
| uptake and acropetal translocation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grown in field-contaminated soil. | uptake and acropetal translocation of 14 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) by wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grown in 15 field-contaminated soils were investigated in a growth chamber. pah concentrations in roots correlated positively with the corresponding concentrations in soils and negatively with the contents of soil organic carbon (p < 0.01). no clear linear relationship was found between log rcf (root concentration factor, microg g(-1) root/microg g(-1) soil on dry weight basi ... | 2009 | 19544854 |
| integrated genetic map and genetic analysis of a region associated with root traits on the short arm of rye chromosome 1 in bread wheat. | a rye-wheat centric chromosome translocation 1rs.1bl has been widely used in wheat breeding programs around the world. increased yield of translocation lines was probably a consequence of increased root biomass. in an effort to map loci-controlling root characteristics, homoeologous recombinants of 1rs with 1bs were used to generate a consensus genetic map comprised of 20 phenotypic and molecular markers, with an average spacing of 2.5 cm. physically, all recombination events were located in the ... | 2009 | 19544051 |
| cytokinin-induced changes of nitrogen remobilization and chloroplast ultrastructure in wheat (triticum aestivum). | nitrogen (n) remobilization in wheat (triticum aestivum) plants is crucial because it determines the grain protein concentration and the baking quality of flour. in order to evaluate the influence of cytokinins on n remobilization during n starvation, we analyzed various n remobilization parameters in wheat plants that were watered with 6-benzylaminopurine (bap) either with or without kno(3). besides, the effects of bap on protein synthesis were evaluated, and the size and ultrastructure of chlo ... | 2009 | 19540618 |
| cytogenetic and molecular identification of three triticum aestivum-leymus racemosus translocation addition lines. | chromosome 2c from aegilops cylindrica has the ability to induce chromosome breakage in common wheat (tritivum aestivum). in the bc(1)f(3) generation of the t. aestivum cv. chinese spring and a hybrid between t. aestivum-leymus racemosus lr.7 addition line and t. aestivum-ae. cylindrica 2c addition line, three disomic translocation addition lines (2n = 44) were selected by mitotic chromosome c-banding and genomic in situ hybridization. we further characterized these t. aestivum-l. racemosus tran ... | 2009 | 19539248 |
| effects of overexpression of high molecular weight glutenin subunit 1dy10 on wheat tortilla properties. | wheat (triticum aestivum l.) flour properties necessary for optimal tortilla production have not been identified. transgenic wheats (triticum aestivum l.) overexpressing high molecular weight glutenin subunit (hmw-gs) 1dy10 were used to make tortilla and their quality was evaluated. the level of hmw-gs 1dy10 in flours derived from transgenic wheats was 2.5-5.8-fold greater than in controls. polymeric proteins in the transgenic samples had a molecular weight distribution shifted toward larger pol ... | 2009 | 19537784 |
| [cytological and ssr analysis of irradiation-induced progenies of trititrigia substitution line sn0095]. | pollens of trititrigia substitution line sn0095 were radiated with 60co-gamma ray and cytological characters of the progenies m1 and m2 were studied. the results showed that variations with different frequencies and chromosome numbers (2n=41, 2n=40 and 2n=39) were observed in both m1 and m2. abnormal phenomena, such as univalents, multivalents, chromosome fragments, laggard chromosomes, chromosome bridges and micronucleus, appeared in high frequencies during the meiosis. it suggested that irradi ... | 2009 | 19537191 |
| [a search for high-molecular-weight subunits of glutenin from triticum timopheevi zhuk. in the lines of common wheat (triticum aestivum l. x triticum timopheevi zhuk.)]. | the study is a continuation of investigation of prolamins in brown rust-resistant introgressive lines of common wheat, produced with participation of triticum timopheeevi zhuk. two wheat lines with a substitution of the glu-1 loci of t. timopheevi were identified. line 684 had high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits encoded by 1ax, as well as by 1ay gene, which was silent in commercial lines. it was demonstrated that line 684 could serve as a source of the glu-at1 locus. line 186 carried the glu ... | 2009 | 19824551 |
| [features of the regulation of meiotic restitution in androgenic haploids of wheat-rye substitution lines 2r(2d)1, 2r(2d)3, and 6r(6a) (triticum aestivum l., cultivar saratovskaya 29/secale cereale l., cultivar onokhoiskaya)]. | regulation of meiotic restitution in androgenic haploids generated by cultivation of isolated pollinators of three wheat-rye substitution lines 2r(2d)1, 2r(2d)3, and 6r(6a) (triticum aestivum l., cultivar saratovskaya 29/secale cereale l., cultivar onokhoiskaya) was studied. the presence of rye chromosomes and the absence of homeologous wheat chromosomes in the haploid plant genome was shown to cause meiotic restitution, as observed in the case of androgenic haploids 6r(6a), or to inhibit in--in ... | 2009 | 19824541 |
| characterization of plastidial starch phosphorylase in triticum aestivum l. endosperm. | starch phosphorylase (pho) catalyses the reversible transfer of glucosyl units from glucose1-phosphate to the non-reducing end of an alpha-1,4-linked glucan chain. two major isoforms of pho exist in the plastid (pho1) and cytosol (pho2). in this paper it is proposed that pho1 may play an important role in recycling glucosyl units from malto-oligosaccharides back into starch synthesis in the developing wheat endosperm. pho activity was observed in highly purified amyloplast extracts prepared from ... | 2009 | 19524321 |
| cloning, identification, expression analysis and phylogenetic relevance of two nadp-dependent malic enzyme genes from hexaploid wheat. | the nadp-dependent malic enzyme (nadp-me; ec1.1.1.40) found in many metabolic pathways catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of l-malate, producing pyruvate, co(2) and nadph. the nadp-mes have been well studied in c4 plants but not well in c3 plants. in this study, we identified the nadp-me isoforms from hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l). two different nadp-me transcripts were first identified in this c3 plant. the first is named tanadp-me1 [ncbi: eu170134] and encodes a putative plastidic ... | 2009 | 19523599 |
| class d and b(sister) mads-box genes are associated with ectopic ovule formation in the pistil-like stamens of alloplasmic wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | homeotic transformation of stamens into pistil-like structures (pistillody) has been reported in cytoplasmic substitution (alloplasmic) lines of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) that have the cytoplasm of a related wild species, aegilops crassa. an ectopic ovule differentiates in the pistil-like stamen in the alloplasmic wheat. the seedstick (stk)-like class d mads-box gene, wheat stk (wstk), was expressed in the primordia of ectopic ovules in the pistil-like stamens as well as in the true pis ... | 2009 | 19488678 |
| rapid development of pcr-based genome-specific repetitive dna junction markers in wheat. | in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) (aabbdd, c=17 000 mb), repeat dna accounts for approximately 90% of the genome, of which transposable elements (tes) constitute 60%-80%. despite the dynamic evolution of tes, our previous study indicated that the majority of tes are conserved and collinear between the homologous wheat genomes, based on identical insertion patterns. in this study, we exploited the unique and abundant te insertion junction regions identified from diploid aegilops tauschii ... | 2009 | 19483776 |
| a sublethal dose of thiamethoxam causes a reduction in xylem feeding by the bird cherry-oat aphid (rhopalosiphum padi), which is associated with dehydration and reduced performance. | the active ingestion of xylem sap by aphids is hypothesised to be an important mechanism for rehydration. when starved bird cherry-oat aphids (rhopalosiphum padi) were allowed to feed on wheat (triticum aestivum) treated with a sublethal dose of the xylem-mobile neonicotinoid thiamethoxam, analysis of feeding behaviours using the electrical penetration graph revealed a reduction in xylem feeding that was reversed on removal of the toxin. to test the importance of xylem-feeding behaviour as a reh ... | 2009 | 19482292 |
| overexpression of tastrg gene improves salt and drought tolerance in rice. | high salt and drought are the main factors affecting agricultural production. thus, cloning stress-tolerance-related genes and identifying their functions are essential to enhancing crop tolerance to stresses. in this study, a salt-induced unknown wheat (triticum aestivum l.) gene was identified and cloned according to microarray analysis of salt-tolerant wheat mutant rh8706-49 under salt stress. the gene was named triticum aestivum salt tolerance-related gene (tastrg) and submitted to genbank ( ... | 2009 | 19481835 |
| different levels of humoral immunoreactivity to different wheat cultivars gliadin are present in patients with celiac disease and in patients with multiple myeloma. | immunity to food antigens (gliadin, cow's milk proteins) is in the centre of the attention of modern medicine focused on the prevention of diseases, prevention which is based on the use of appropriate restriction diet. detection of the enhanced levels of the immune reactions to antigen(s) present in food is from this point of view of great importance because there are reports that some of health disturbances, like celiac disease (cd) and some premalignant conditions, like monoclonal gammopathy o ... | 2009 | 19480718 |
| discovery and mapping of single feature polymorphisms in wheat using affymetrix arrays. | wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is a staple food crop worldwide. the wheat genome has not yet been sequenced due to its huge genome size (approximately 17,000 mb) and high levels of repetitive sequences; the whole genome sequence may not be expected in the near future. available linkage maps have low marker density due to limitation in available markers; therefore new technologies that detect genome-wide polymorphisms are still needed to discover a large number of new markers for construction of hi ... | 2009 | 19480702 |
| unlocking wheat genetic resources for the molecular identification of previously undescribed functional alleles at the pm3 resistance locus. | the continuous improvement of crop plants is essential for agriculture in the coming decades and relies on the use of genetic variability through breeding. however, domestication and modern breeding have reduced diversity in the crop germplasm. global gene banks conserve diversity, but these resources remain underexplored owing to a lack of efficient strategies to isolate important alleles. here we describe a large-scale allele-mining project at the molecular level. we first selected a set of 1, ... | 2009 | 19470492 |
| physical-chemical analysis of non-polyphenol oxidase (non-ppo) darkening in yellow alkaline noodles. | darkening in yellow alkaline noodles (yan) was measured over 24 h in a high polyphenol oxidase (ppo) bread wheat ( triticum aestivum l. cv. tasman) and a very low ppo durum wheat ( triticum durum cv. kamilaroi). over 24 h non-ppo darkening occurred across a range of ph 3.5-10.5, and in tasman this was overlaid by darkening from ppo activity. the rate of darkening in yan was separated into two main time periods, 0-4 and 4-24 h. the first 4 h of darkening was further divided into two stages using ... | 2009 | 19469560 |
| oligosaccharin and aba synergistically affect the acquisition of freezing tolerance in winter wheat. | in this paper, we continue our studies of the previously discovered [o.a. zabotina, d.a. ayupova, o.n. larskaya, o.n. nikolaeva, g.i. petrovicheva, a.i. zabotin, physiologically active oligosaccharides, accumulating in the roots of winter wheat during adaptation to low temperature, russian journal of plant physiology 45 (1998) 262] oligosaccharin (physiologically active oligosaccharide) gxag, which stimulates the acquisition of freezing tolerance in winter varieties of triticum aestivum l. the t ... | 2009 | 19467881 |
| study on programmed cell death and dynamic changes of starch accumulation in pericarp cells of triticum aestivum l. | features of programmed cell death (pcd) and dynamic changes of starch accumulation in developing pericarp cells of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were observed and analyzed by periodic acid-schiff/toluidine blue o double staining, fluorescence staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated fluorescein deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (tunel) and transmission electron microscopy. the results showed that cellular organelles were orderly disintegrated. tunel-positive nuclei were ... | 2009 | 19455280 |
| induction and transmission of wheat-haynaldia villosa chromosomal translocations. | in order to develop more wheat-haynaldia villosa translocations involving different chromosomes and chromosome segments of h. villosa, t. durum-h. villosa amphiploid was irradiated with 60co gamma-rays at doses of 800, 1,200, and 1,600 rad. pollen collected from the spikes 1, 2, and 3 days after irradiation were transferred to emasculated spikes of the common wheat cv. 'chinese spring'. genomic in situ hybridization was used to identify wheat-h. villosa chromosome translocations in the m1 genera ... | 2009 | 19447380 |
| ecotoxicological effects of paracetamol on seed germination and seedling development of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | in order to assess ecological risk of pharmaceutical compounds entering into agricultural ecosystems, toxic effects of paracetamol with therapeutic action on wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were investigated as an example, using early growing and developmental indexes of wheat, including seed germination, shoot height and root length, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, chlorophyll, and soluble protein in the seedlings. the results showed that wheat shoot and root elongation decreased significantly ( ... | 2009 | 19446955 |
| effects of heavy-ion beams on chromosomes of common wheat, triticum aestivum. | to investigate the nature of plant chromosomes irradiated by heavy-ion beams, the effects of nitrogen (n) and neon (ne) ion beams on hexaploid wheat chromosomes were compared with those of x-ray. chromosome aberrations, such as short, ring and dicentric chromosomes appeared in high frequency. the average numbers of chromosome breaks at ld-50 by irradiation with x-ray, n and ne ion beams were 32, 20 and 20, respectively. these values may be underestimated because chromosome rearrangement without ... | 2009 | 19442674 |
| molecular markers based identification of diversity for drought tolerance in bread wheat varieties and synthetic hexaploids. | the complexity of the wheat genome has delayed the development and application of molecular markers to this species and wheat now lies behind barley, maize and rice in marker development. however, improvements in marker detection systems and in the techniques used to identify markers linked to useful traits has allowed considerable advances to be made in recent years. to evaluate the genetic diversity 53 genotypes of richard's selection, were studied at national agriculture reseach center (narc) ... | 2009 | 19430030 |
| dissection of barley chromosome 3h in common wheat and a comparison of 3h physical and genetic maps. | we used the gametocidal system to dissect a barley chromosome 3h added to common wheat. the gametocidal system induced chromosomal structural changes in the 3h addition line of common wheat, and we cytologically screened for rearranged chromosomes involving the 3h chromosome by in situ hybridization (fish/gish). we established 50 common wheat lines carrying single rearranged (or dissected) 3h chromosomes of independent origin. the dissected 3h chromosomes were either deletions or translocations ... | 2009 | 19420798 |
| scarlet-rz1, an ems-generated hexaploid wheat with tolerance to the soilborne necrotrophic pathogens rhizoctonia solani ag-8 and r. oryzae. | the necrotrophic root pathogens rhizoctonia solani ag-8 and r. oryzae cause rhizoctonia root rot and damping-off, yield-limiting diseases that pose barriers to the adoption of conservation tillage in wheat production systems. existing control practices are only partially effective, and natural genetic resistance to rhizoctonia has not been identified in wheat or its close relatives. we report the first genetic resistance/tolerance to r. solani ag-8 and r. oryzae in wheat (triticum aestivum l. em ... | 2009 | 19407984 |
| delayed wheat flag leaf senescence due to removal of spikelets is associated with increased activities of leaf antioxidant enzymes, reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio and oxidative damage to mitochondrial proteins. | removal of reproductive 'sink' i.e. spikelets from wheat at anthesis delays the rate of flag leaf senescence. in this work, the antioxidant defense was studied in the flag leaf of triticum aestivum cv. kalyansona plants showing normal (s + plants) and delayed senescence via removal of spikelets (s- plants). this was done by measurement of metabolites and activities of enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydr ... | 2009 | 19394842 |
| low crop plant population densities promote pollen-mediated gene flow in spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | transgenic wheat is currently being field tested with the intent of eventual commercialization. the development of wheat genotypes with novel traits has raised concerns regarding the presence of volunteer wheat populations and the role they may play in facilitating transgene movement. here, we report the results of a field experiment that investigated the potential of spring wheat plant population density and crop height to minimize gene flow from a herbicide-resistant (hr) volunteer population ... | 2009 | 19387859 |
| water movement into dormant and non-dormant wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grains. | the movement of water into harvest-ripe grains of dormant and non-dormant genotypes of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was investigated using magnetic resonance micro-imaging (mrmi). images of virtual sections, both longitudinal and transverse, throughout the grain were collected at intervals after the start of imbibition and used to reconstruct a picture of water location within the different grain tissues and changes over time. the observations were supplemented by the weighing measurements of wa ... | 2009 | 19386615 |
| [a study of the storage proteins in the introgression lines of common wheat (triticum aestivum l. x t. timopheevii zhuk.) resistant to brown leaf rust]. | storage proteins, prolamins, were studied in ten introgression lines of common wheat bred with involvement of triticum timopheevii zhuk. and five commercial hexaploid wheat cultivars. the lines are resistant to leaf rust. a comparative analysis of the storage proteins in the triticum aestivum l. introgression lines and the parental forms allowed us to (1) detect the active genes of prolamins on the chromosomes homeologous groups 1 and 6 in the introgression lines of t. aestivum and t. timopheevi ... | 2009 | 19382688 |
| [marker characters of variation induced in triticum aestivum l. by nicotinic acid]. | a search for markers of epigenetic variability in spring common wheat form genotroph-1, obtained after the treatment of seeds and growing plants of spring common wheat cultivar kazakhstanskaya-126 with nicotinic acid of innate origin (0.1-0.01% water solutions), and in a winter wheat line gostianum-88 along with a common wheat cultivar alem obtained on the basis of genotroph-1 was conducted under laboratory conditions. the possibility of using isoenzymes as markers for studying variation induced ... | 2009 | 19382687 |
| simultaneous selection of major and minor genes: use of qtl to increase selection efficiency of coleoptile length of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | plant breeders simultaneously select for qualitative traits controlled by one or a small number of major genes, as well as for polygenic traits controlled by multiple genes that may be detected as quantitative trait loci (qtl). in this study, we applied computer simulation to investigate simultaneous selection for alleles at both major and minor gene (as qtl) loci in breeding populations of two wheat parental lines, hm14bs and sunstate. loci targeted for selection included six major genes affect ... | 2009 | 19360392 |
| removing celiac disease-related gluten proteins from bread wheat while retaining technological properties: a study with chinese spring deletion lines. | gluten proteins can induce celiac disease (cd) in genetically susceptible individuals. in cd patients gluten-derived peptides are presented to the immune system, which leads to a cd4+ t-cell mediated immune response and inflammation of the small intestine. however, not all gluten proteins contain t-cell stimulatory epitopes. gluten proteins are encoded by multigene loci present on chromosomes 1 and 6 of the three different genomes of hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum) (aabbdd). | 2009 | 19351412 |
| the characterization and geographical distribution of the genes responsible for vernalization requirement in chinese bread wheat. | the frequency and distribution of the major vernalization requirement genes and their effects on growth habits were studied. of the 551 bread wheat genotypes tested, seven allelic combinations of the three vrn-1 genes were found to be responsible for the spring habit, three for the facultative habit and one for the winter habit. the three vrn-1 genes behaved additively with the dominant allele of vrn-a1 exerting the strongest effect. the allele combinations of the facultative genotypes and the d ... | 2009 | 19341410 |
| decorrelating source and sink determinism of nitrogen remobilization during grain filling in wheat. | nitrogen (n) remobilization is the major source of n for grain filling in wheat, the other being n uptake after anthesis (n(up)); however, variations in remobilization efficiency are not fully understood. it is hard to tell whether the source or the sink effects predominate, because n in the culm at anthesis (n(ant)) correlates strongly with both n remobilization (n(rem)) and grain number (g(n)), respectively the main source and the main sink. | 2009 | 19339296 |
| the three classes of wheat xylanase-inhibiting proteins accumulate in an analogous way during wheat ear development and germination. | wheat contains high levels of the three classes of xylanase inhibitors (xis), triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor (taxi), xylanase-inhibiting protein (xip) and thaumatin-like xylanase inhibitor (tlxi). these proteins have been linked to plant defense. in this study, expression of xis during wheat ear development and germination was examined using immunoblotting. the three types of xis accumulated at high levels between the milky and the soft dough stages of ear development, and reached the high ... | 2009 | 19339078 |
| [genetic diversity of local spring soft wheats (triticum aestivum l.) of west and east siberia in gliadin genes]. | a considerable polymorphism in gliadin genes was detected in the local wheats of west siberia (altai krai, omsk oblast, and kurgan oblast) and the local cultivars characteristic of several east siberian regions (krasnoyarsk krai, irkutsk oblast, tuva, and yakutia), and the genetic formulas were determined. the common alleles characteristic of the wheats of both regions were detected, namely, gli-a1f, gli-a1j, gli-a1i, gli-a1m, gli-b1e, gli-b1m, gli-d1a, gli-a2q, gli-a2k, gli-a2u, gli-d2a, and gl ... | 2009 | 19334616 |
| effects of salt and waterlogging stresses and their combination on leaf photosynthesis, chloroplast atp synthesis, and antioxidant capacity in wheat. | the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of salt (st) and waterlogging (wl) stresses and their combination (sw) on leaf photosynthesis, chloroplast atp synthesis, and antioxidant capacity in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). two winter wheat cultivars, huaimai 17 and yangmai 12, differing in their tolerance to st and wl stresses were used. the plants were grown in pots and were subjected to st, wl, and sw from 7 days after anthesis (daa). the wl and sw treatments lasted for 5 days, ... | 2009 | 26493148 |
| study on the response of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid species of wheat to the elevated co2. | study was done to compare the response of triticum aestivum (hexaploid), triticum durum (tetraploid) and triticum monococcum (diploid) wheat species to the elevated co2 using free air co2 enrichment (face) facility. it was demonstrated that the modern cultivar of wheat triticum aestivum (hexaploid) was largely sink limited. it appeared to have less photosynthesis per unit leaf area than triticum monococcum (diploid wheat). while leaf size, grain weight and amylase activity increased with the plo ... | 2009 | 23572925 |
| transcriptome pathways unique to dehydration tolerant relatives of modern wheat. | among abiotic stressors, drought is a major factor responsible for dramatic yield loss in agriculture. in order to reveal differences in global expression profiles of drought tolerant and sensitive wild emmer wheat genotypes, a previously deployed shock-like dehydration process was utilized to compare transcriptomes at two time points in root and leaf tissues using the affymetrix genechip(r) wheat genome array hybridization. the comparison of transcriptomes reveal several unique genes or express ... | 2009 | 19330365 |
| roles of morphology, anatomy, and aquaporins in determining contrasting hydraulic behavior of roots. | the contrasting hydraulic properties of wheat (triticum aestivum), narrow-leafed lupin (lupinus angustifolius), and yellow lupin (lupinus luteus) roots were identified by integrating measurements of water flow across different structural levels of organization with anatomy and modeling. anatomy played a major role in root hydraulics, influencing axial conductance (l(ax)) and the distribution of water uptake along the root, with a more localized role for aquaporins (aqps). lupin roots had greater ... | 2009 | 19321713 |
| variety-specific response of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaf mitochondria to drought stress. | the main objective of the present work was to examine leaf respiratory responses to dehydration and subsequent recovery in three varieties of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) known to differ in their level of drought tolerance. under dehydration, both total respiration and salicylhydroxamic acid (sham)-resistant cytochrome (cyt) pathway respiration by leaf segments decreased significantly compared with well-watered plants. this decrease was more pronounced in the drought-sensitive sadovo and ... | 2009 | 19319627 |
| [molecular cytogenetic identification of aegilops ventricosa x aegilops cylindrica amphiploid sdau18]. | sdau18, an amphiploid of ae.ventricosa with ae.cylindrica, was identified by cytological analysis, seed storage protein electrophoresis, genomic in situ hybridization (gish) and inoculation assessment. the results are as follows: the chromosome number of root tip cells (rtcs) of sdau18 plants varied from 52 to 56. 28 bivalents were observed in most pmcs mi of sdau18 with 56 chromosomes, meanwhile, a few univalents, multivalents also existed in some pmcs mi, and the average chromosome configurati ... | 2009 | 19306684 |
| suppressive effect of magnesium oxide materials on cadmium accumulation in winter wheat grain cultivated in a cadmium-contaminated paddy field under annual rice-wheat rotational cultivation. | the effectiveness of two kinds of magnesium oxide (mgo) materials, commercial mgo (2250 kg ha(-1)) and a material derived from mgo and magnesium silicate minerals named 'mgo-sh-a' (2250 and 4500 kg ha(-1)1), in suppression of uptake and accumulation of cadmium (cd) into grain of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. ayahikari) was examined in a cd-contaminated alluvial paddy field under annual rice-wheat rotational system. the mgo materials were mixed into the plough-layer soil only once prior ... | 2009 | 19304384 |
| effect of cadmium and salinity stresses on growth and antioxidant enzyme activities of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | a hydroponics experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of salinity (nacl) and cadmium (cd) stresses on growth, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzyme activities of three wheat cultivars differing in salt tolerance. cd and nacl stresses inhibited plant growth, reduced chlorophyll content, and increased melondialdehyde content and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase. the combined effect of nacl and cd on these parameters was larger than both nacl and cd al ... | 2009 | 19294326 |
| characterization of total, free and esterified phytosterols in tetraploid and hexaploid wheats. | dietary plant sterols have received increasing attention in recent years due to their favorable health benefits. the present research focused on quantification of phytosterols as free, esterified and total forms in different tetraploid (5 cultivars of triticum durum desf., 9 cultivars of triticum dicoccon schrank) and hexaploid (5 cultivars of t. aestivum l., 12 cultivars of triticum spelta l.) wheats. tetraploid wheats showed the highest content of total sterol (79.4 and 79.5 mg of sterols /100 ... | 2009 | 19292465 |
| potential errors in electron transport rates calculated from chlorophyll fluorescence as revealed by a multilayer leaf model. | increasingly, photosynthetic electron transport rate is being calculated from chlorophyll fluorescence measurements. the fluorescence signal is a complex mixture of contributions from different depths within the mesophyll. one condition required for electron transport calculated from fluorescence to represent the rate accurately is that the ratio of photosynthetic capacity to light absorbed be constant throughout the leaf. in order to explore the fluorescence properties of leaves where this assu ... | 2009 | 19282373 |
| [influence of salicylic and succinic acids on the cytophysiological reactions of wheat infected by brown rust]. | the influence of the salicylic and succinic acids on the cytophysiological reactions of the plants and cellular structures of the fungus were investigated using the model of common wheat triticum aestivum l. infected by brown rust. the experiments were performed on seedlings of the isogenic line of var. thatcher with resistant gene lr19. the salicylic and succinic acids accelerated and enhanced to a different extent the generation of active oxygen species and synthesis of callose and phenylpropa ... | 2009 | 19281048 |
| mapping and proteomic analysis of albumin and globulin proteins in hexaploid wheat kernels (triticum aestivum l.). | albumins and globulins of wheat endosperm represent 20% of total kernel protein. they are soluble proteins, mainly enzymes and proteins involved in cell functions. two-dimensional gel immobiline electrophoresis (2de) (ph 4-7) x sds-page revealed around 2,250 spots. ninety percent of the spots were common between the very distantly related cultivars 'opata 85' and 'synthetic w7984', the two parents of the international triticeae mapping initiative (itmi) progeny. 'opata' had 130 specific spots wh ... | 2009 | 19277600 |
| cloning and characterization of cdnas encoding ent-copalyl diphosphate synthases in wheat: insight into the evolution of rice phytoalexin biosynthetic genes. | in vitro assays using recombinant enzymes enabled three cdnas encoding ent-copalyl diphosphate synthases to be identified in wheat (triticum aestivum): tacps1, tacps2, and tacps3. the phylogenetic tree and expression analyses suggest that tacps3 is responsible for gibberellin biosynthesis, while tacps1 and tacps2 are possible functional homologs of diterpene cyclase genes oscps2 and oscps4 involved in phytoalexin biosynthesis in rice. | 2009 | 19270400 |
| energy efficiency of conventional, organic, and alternative cropping systems for food and fuel at a site in the u.s. midwest. | the prospect of biofuel production on a large scale has focused attention on energy efficiencies associated with different agricultural systems and production goals. we used 17 years of detailed data on agricultural practices and yields to calculate an energy balance for different cropping systems under both food and fuel scenarios. we compared four grain and one forage systems in the u.s. midwest: corn (zea mays) - soybean (glycine max) - wheat (triticum aestivum) rotations managed with (1) con ... | 2010 | 20402534 |
| evaluation of elastic modulus and hardness of crop stalks cell walls by nano-indentation. | agricultural biomaterials such as crop stalks are natural sources of cellulosic fiber and have great potential as reinforced materials in bio-composites. in order to evaluate their potential as materials for reinforcement, the nano-mechanical properties of crop-stalk cell walls, i.e. those of cotton (gossypium herbaceu) stalk, soybean (glycine max) stalk, cassava (manihot esculent) stalk, rice (oryza sativa l.) straw, and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) straw, were investigated by means of nano-ind ... | 2010 | 19954968 |
| bioaccessible mineral content of malted finger millet (eleusine coracana), wheat (triticum aestivum), and barley (hordeum vulgare). | malted grains are extensively used in weaning and geriatric foods. malting generally improves the nutrient content and digestibility of foods. the present investigation examined the influence of malting of finger millet, wheat, and barley on the bioaccessibility of iron, zinc, calcium, copper, and manganese. malting increased the bioaccessibility of iron by >3-fold from the two varieties of finger millet and by >2-fold from wheat, whereas such a beneficial influence was not seen in barley. the b ... | 2010 | 20560601 |
| summer feeding ecology of great pampa-finches, embernagra platensis at laguna de guaminí, buenos aires, argentina. | the aim of this study was to assemble data on the summer feeding ecology of the great pampa-finch, embernagra platensis at the laguna de guaminí, buenos aires, argentina, and to explore the differences related to the dietary patterns for each sex between winter and summer when possible. the stomach contents of 43 birds were analyzed. the animal fraction was composed of hymenoptera (45.1%), coleoptera (32.4%), lepidoptera (6.0%), araneae (5%) and orthoptera (3.2%). the application of the index of ... | 2010 | 21562695 |
| inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity results in the inhibition of russian wheat aphid-induced defense enzymes. | the role of xanthine oxidase (xo) in the defense response of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) against the russian wheat aphid (rwa) (diuraphis noxia) was studied. xanthine oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine to uric acid, and oxygen radicals that are formed as a by-product at both of these oxidation steps may participate in plant defense reactions. a resistant wheat cultivar (tugela dn), and a close isogenic susceptible cultivar (tugela), were infested with 20-30 aphids per p ... | 2010 | 21086025 |
| global phylogenetics of diuraphis noxia (hemiptera: aphididae), an invasive aphid species: evidence for multiple invasions into north america. | the russian wheat aphid, diruaphis noxia (kudjumov) (hemiptera: aphididae), is globally one of the most devastating pests of bread wheat, tritium aestivum l., durum wheat, triticum turgidum l., and barley, hordeum vulgare l. several sources of d. noxia resistance have been incorporated in commercial wheat and barley genotypes, but up to eight virulent biotypes, defined based on their ability to damage different wheat and barley genotypes, now occur across the western united states since the firs ... | 2010 | 20568643 |
| host associations and incidence of diuraphis spp. in the rocky mountain region of the united states, and pictorial key for their identification. | the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia kurdjumov, is an introduced species first identified in 1986 into the united states. it has since become a major pest of wheat, triticum aestivum l., and other small grains in the western united states. three other diuraphis species, diuraphis frequens (walker), diuraphis mexicana (mcvicar baker), and diuraphis tritici (gillette), were already endemic to the united states before the introduction of d. noxia. the objective of this study was to determine th ... | 2010 | 21061992 |
| predicted no effect concentration (pnec) for triclosan to terrestrial species (invertebrates and plants). | triclosan (tcs) is an antimicrobial agent which is used as a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic and found in personal care products, and due to this it is spread in the environment. aquatic toxicity studies have been reported, but little data is available for its toxicity to terrestrial organisms. the main purpose of this study was to assess the toxicity of tcs in the terrestrial environment, using a battery of soil species, belonging to different taxonomic levels. the species included the invertebra ... | 2010 | 20227762 |
| ecotoxicological risk assessment of undisturbed metal contaminated soil at two remote lighthouse sites. | ecotoxicological risk assessments of contaminated soil are commonly completed using guideline values based on total concentrations. however, only certain fractions of contaminants are bioavailable and pose a hazard to the environment. this paper investigates the relationship between measured metal concentrations in soil and soil leachate, and the effects in organisms exposed to intact, undisturbed soil cores (wheat, tricum aestivum) and soil leachate (lettuce, lactuca sativa, and water flea, dap ... | 2010 | 20189647 |
| pyramiding qtl increases seedling resistance to crown rot (fusarium pseudograminearum) of wheat (triticum aestivum). | crown rot of wheat (triticum aestivum), predominantly caused by the fungus fusarium pseudograminearum, has become an increasingly important disease constraint in many winter cereal production regions in australia. our group has previously identified a range of quantitative trait loci (qtl) for partial resistance to crown rot in various bread wheat sources. here, we report on work that has assessed the effectiveness of pyramiding qtl to improve resistance to crown rot. two doubled haploid populat ... | 2010 | 20198470 |
| the rad51 and dmc1 homoeologous genes of bread wheat: cloning, molecular characterization and expression analysis. | meiotic recombination in eukaryotes requires two homologues of the e. coli reca proteins: rad51 and dmc1. both proteins play important roles in the binding of single stranded dna, homology search, strand invasion and strand exchange. meiotic recombination has been well studied in arabidopsis, rice, maize and the orthologues of rad51 and dmc1 have been characterized. however genetic analysis of the rad51 and dmc1 genes in bread wheat has been hampered due to the absence of complete sequence infor ... | 2010 | 20920212 |
| molecular characterisation of the low-molecular weight glutenin subunit genes of tall wheatgrass and functional properties of one clone ee34. | wild tall wheatgrass (lophopyrum elongatum l., 2x = 14) is an important resource for improving bread wheat (titicum aestivum l.), including hmw-gs and lmw-gs relevant to end-use quality of the wheat flour. a set of 14 distinct sequences were amplified from the genomic dna of the tall wheatgrass, using degenerate primers targeted at glu-3, the locus containing the genes encoding the low-molecular weight glutenin subunits (lmw-gs). three sequences contained an internal stop codon and were classifi ... | 2010 | 19484339 |
| analysis of ascorbate peroxidase genes expressed in resistant and susceptible wheat lines infected by the cereal cyst nematode, heterodera avenae. | changes in ascorbate peroxidase (apx) enzyme activity in response to nematode (heterodera avenae) attack were studied in roots of three hexaploid wheat lines carrying cre2, cre5, or cre7 nematode resistance genes and the susceptible triticum aestivum cv. anza. a spectrophotometric analysis was carried out with root extracts of infected plants 4, 7, 11, and 14 days after nematode inoculation using uninfected plant as control. apx induction in infected resistant genotypes was similar and higher th ... | 2010 | 20690022 |
| oat (avena sativa) seed extract as an antifungal food preservative through the catalytic activity of a highly abundant class i chitinase. | extracts from different higher plants were screened for the ability to inhibit the growth of penicillium roqueforti, a major contaminating species in industrial food processing. oat (avena sativa) seed extracts exhibited a high degree of antifungal activity and could be used directly on rye bread to prevent the formation of p. roqueforti colonies. proteins in the oat seed extracts were fractionated by column chromatography and proteins in fractions containing antifungal activity were identified ... | 2010 | 19224400 |
| pwt1, an avirulence gene of magnaporthe oryzae tightly linked to the rdna locus, is recognized by two staple crops, common wheat and barley. | the pathogenicity to wheat (pwt1) locus conditions host species specificity of magnaporthe oryzae on wheat. gfsi1-7-2 (setaria isolate) carries the avirulence allele (pwt1) at this locus while br48 (triticum isolate) carries the virulence allele (pwt1). an f(1) culture derived from a cross between gfsi1-7-2 and br48 was backcrossed with br48 to produce a tester population in which pwt1 alone segregated. when hexaploid wheat lines were inoculated with the bc(1)f(1) testers, they were all resistan ... | 2010 | 20373964 |
| the mechanism of boron mobility in wheat and canola phloem. | low-molecular-weight borate complexes were isolated from canola (brassica napus) and wheat (triticum aestivum) phloem exudates, as well as the cytoplasm of the fresh-water alga chara corallina, and identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. phloem exudate was collected from field-grown canola inflorescence stalks by shallow incision, while wheat phloem exudate was collected by aphid stylectomy. chara cytoplasm was collected by careful manual se ... | 2010 | 20413647 |
| noninvasive diagnosis of seed viability using infrared thermography. | recent advances in the noninvasive analyses of plant metabolism include stress imaging techniques, mainly developed for vegetative tissues. we explored if infrared thermography can be used to predict whether a quiescent seed will germinate or die upon water uptake. thermal profiles of viable, aged, and dead pisum sativum seeds were recorded, and image analysis of 22,000 images per individual seed showed that infrared thermography can detect imbibition- and germination-associated biophysical and ... | 2010 | 20133712 |
| selenium accumulation by forage and grain crops and volatilization from seleniferous soils amended with different organic materials. | greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to study the direct and residual effect of applying different organic materials on se accumulation by crops and volatilization from seleniferous soils of northwestern india. among organic manures, press mud and poultry manures proved 4-5 times more effective in reducing se accumulation by different crops than farmyard manure. efficiency of organic manures increased with increase in application rates. application of both press mud and poultry manure ... | 2010 | 20015536 |
| multifunctionalised benzoxazinones in the systems oryza sativa-echinochloa crus-galli and triticum aestivum-avena fatua as natural-product-based herbicide leads. | fifteen novel derivatives of d-diboa, including aromatic ring modifications and the addition of side chains in positions c-2 and n-4, had previously been synthesised and their phytotoxicity on standard target species (sts) evaluated. this strategy combined steric, electronic, solubility and lipophilicity requirements to achieve the maximum phytotoxic activity. an evaluation of the bioactivity of these compounds on the systems oryza sativa-echinochloa crus-galli and triticum aestivum-avena fatua ... | 2010 | 20628996 |
| in situ disappearance of dry matter and fiber from fall-grown cereal-grain forages from the north-central united states. | recent research has demonstrated that fall-grown wheat (triticum aestivum l.), triticale (x triticosecale wittmack), and oat (avena sativa l.) forages contain limited lignin and exhibit relatively stable estimates of in vitro true dm disappearance, as well as tdn, across a wide fall-harvest window. these traits suggest that ruminal availability of forage fiber is extensive. our objectives were to evaluate this premise by assessing in situ dm and ndf disappearance for kaskaskia wheat, trical 2700 ... | 2010 | 20709871 |
| development of oat-based markers from barley and wheat microsatellites. | although microsatellites are an efficient and reliable genetic marker system, availability is limited in cultivated oat (avena sativa l.). previous research has suggested that microsatellites from related species may be adapted to oat. this study investigated the stability of existing oat microsatellites, sequenced polymorphic oat amplicons derived from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) primers, and redesigned primers to develop oat-based markers. we evaluated 161 publ ... | 2010 | 20555435 |
| variability in xylanase and xylanase inhibition activities in different cereals in the healthgrain diversity screen and contribution of environment and genotype to this variability in common wheat. | endo-1,4-beta-d-xylanases (ec 3.2.1.8, xylanases) and xylanase inhibitors, that is, taxi (triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor), xip (xylanase inhibiting protein), and tlxi (thaumatin-like xylanase inhibitor) type xylanase inhibitors, which naturally occur in cereals, are believed to be at the basis of a significant part of the variability in biotechnological functional properties of cereals. xylanase inhibitors in particular affect grain functionality during processing and in animal feeds when ... | 2010 | 20462210 |
| the chromosome content and genotype of two wheat cell lines and of their somatic fusion product with oat. | somatic hybridization seeks to genetically combine phylogenetically distant parents. an effective system has been established in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) involving protoplasts from a non-totipotent cell line adapted to in vitro culture (t(1)) in combination with totipotent protoplasts harvested from embryogenic calli (t(2)). here, we report the karyotype and genotype of t(1) and t(2). line t(1) carries nine a (a-genome of wheat), seven b (b-genome of wheat) and eight d (d-genome of whe ... | 2010 | 20204401 |
| biochemical changes associated with in vivo rbcl fragmentation by reactive oxygen species under chilling-light conditions. | during physiological stress, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) degradation is accelerated, which is considered to be one of the key factors responsible for photosynthetic decline. a recent study has shown that the large subunit (rbcl) of rubisco is directly fragmented by hydroxyl radicals in cucumis sativus leaves under chilling-light conditions. in the present study, we investigated biochemical aspects associated with this in vivo rbcl fragmentation by reactive oxygen sp ... | 2010 | 20653886 |
| tachp: a wheat zinc finger protein gene down-regulated by abscisic acid and salinity stress plays a positive role in stress tolerance. | the plant response to abiotic stresses involves both abscisic acid (aba)-dependent and aba-independent signaling pathways. here we describe tachp, a chp-rich (for cysteine, histidine, and proline rich) zinc finger protein family gene extracted from bread wheat (triticum aestivum), is differentially expressed during abiotic stress between the salinity-sensitive cultivar jinan 177 and its tolerant somatic hybrid introgression cultivar shanrong no.3. tachp expressed in the roots of seedlings at the ... | 2010 | 20639406 |
| oddsoc2 is a mads box floral repressor that is down-regulated by vernalization in temperate cereals. | in temperate cereals, such as wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgare), the transition to reproductive development can be accelerated by prolonged exposure to cold (vernalization). we examined the role of the grass-specific mads box gene oddsoc2 (os2) in the vernalization response in cereals. the barley os2 gene (hvos2) is expressed in leaves and shoot apices but is repressed by vernalization. vernalization represses os2 independently of vernalization1 (vrn1) in a vrn1 deletion mut ... | 2010 | 20431086 |