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in silicio expression analysis of pks genes isolated from cannabis sativa l.cannabinoids, flavonoids, and stilbenoids have been identified in the annual dioecious plant cannabis sativa l. of these, the cannabinoids are the best known group of this plant's natural products. polyketide synthases (pkss) are responsible for the biosynthesis of diverse secondary metabolites, including flavonoids and stilbenoids. biosynthetically, the cannabinoids are polyketide substituted with terpenoid moiety. using an rt-pcr homology search, pks cdnas were isolated from cannabis plants. t ...201021637580
molecular cloning and expression profiling of a chalcone synthase gene from hairy root cultures of scutellaria viscidula bunge.a cdna encoding chalcone synthase (chs), the key enzyme in flavonoid biosynthesis, was isolated from hairy root cultures of scutellaria viscidula bunge by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the full-length cdna of s. viscidula chs, designated as svchs (genbank accession no. eu386767), was 1649 bp with a 1170 bp open reading frame (orf) that corresponded to a deduced protein of 390 amino acid residues, a calculated molecular mass of 42.56 kda and a theoretical isoelectric point (pi) of 5.79 ...201021637484
interrupted incubation and short-term storage of the alfalfa pollinator megachile rotundata (hymenoptera: megachilidae): a potential tool for synchronizing bees with bloom.a useful technique for synchronizing pollinators with the alfalfa, medicago savita l. (fabaceae), bloom is to interrupt the late spring incubation of developing bee pupae and pharate adults of megachile rotundata (f.) (hymenoptera: megachilidae) with short-term low-temperature storage. however, low-temperature exposure can be stressful depending on the temperature, duration of exposure, and the developmental stage exposed. to evaluate the effect of low-temperature storage after development had a ...201020429433
nest establishment, pollination efficiency, and reproductive success of megachile rotundata (hymenoptera: megachilidae) in relation to resource availability in field enclosures.the alfalfa leafcutting bee, megachile rotundata (fabricius), is used to pollinate alfalfa, medicago sativa l., for seed production in the united states and canada. it is difficult to reliably sustain commercial m. rotundata populations in the united states because of problems with disease, parasites, predators, and unexplained mortality. one possible explanation for early immature mortality is that, relative to floral availability, superfluous numbers of bees are released in alfalfa fields wher ...201020146851
an nac transcription factor orchestrates multiple features of cell wall development in medicago truncatula.to identify genes controlling secondary cell wall biosynthesis in the model legume medicago truncatula, we screened a tnt1 retrotransposon insertion mutant population for plants with altered patterns of lignin autofluorescence. from more than 9000 r1 plants screened, four independent lines were identified with a total lack of lignin in the interfascicular region. the mutants also showed loss of lignin in phloem fibers, reduced lignin in vascular elements, failure in anther dehiscence and absence ...201020408998
preliminary note on potential use of forage crops for soil phytoremediation of dieldrin.the aim of this trial was to evaluate the feasibility of using tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) and alfalfa (medicago sativa) for phytoremediation of dieldrin. experimental trial was carried out in greenhouse with temperature and light control. each tested crop were seeded in individual pots (10 plants/pot) filled with contaminated soil (47 microg/kg dieldrin) and uncontaminated soil collected in sites located in the province of latina (italy). samples of soil, root, and aerial part of plants w ...201021542488
comparison of biological and chemical measures of metal bioavailability in field soils: test of a novel simulated earthworm gut extraction.bioavailability of metals in soil is a major factor influencing estimates of risk associated with exposure of ecological receptors. metal concentrations in soil are often compared to ecological screening benchmarks, which are based on total concentrations in soil. often, the total concentration is not correlated with toxicity. no standardised method exists for determining the bioavailability of metals in soil to ecological receptors. several surrogate measures of bioavailability were compared to ...201020678790
toxicity of 2,4-dinitrotoluene to terrestrial plants in natural soils.the presence of energetic materials (used as explosives and propellants) at contaminated sites is a growing international issue, particularly with respect to military base closures and demilitarization policies. improved understanding of the ecotoxicological effects of these materials is needed in order to accurately assess the potential exposure risks and impacts on the environment and its ecosystems. we studied the toxicity of the nitroaromatic energetic material 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-dnt) o ...201020471667
effects of spontaneous heating on estimates of total digestible nutrients for alfalfa-orchardgrass hays packaged in large round bales.large round or large square hay packages are more likely to heat spontaneously during storage than hay packaged in conventional (45 kg) bales, and the effects of this phenomenon on the associated energy estimates for these hays can be severe. our objectives for this project were to assess the relationship between estimates of total digestible nutrients (tdn) and spontaneous heating and to describe any important differences in energy estimates that may result specifically from 2 methods of estima ...201020630254
allelopathy and allelopathic substance in the moss rhynchostegium pallidifolium.an aqueous methanol extract of the moss rhynchostegium pallidifolium, which often forms large pure colonies on soils and rocks, inhibited the growth of cress (lepidium sativum), alfalfa (medicaga sativa), lettuce (lepidium sativum), ryegrass (lolium multiflorum), timothy (phleum pratense) and digitaria sanguinalis seedlings. increasing the extract concentration increased the inhibition. these results suggest that r. pallidifolium may show allelopathic activity. the extract was purified and a put ...201020018404
x-ray absorption spectroscopy (xas) corroboration of the uptake and storage of ceo(2) nanoparticles and assessment of their differential toxicity in four edible plant species.fate, transport, and possible toxicity of cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria, ceo(2)) are still unknown. in this study, seeds of alfalfa (medicago sativa), corn (zea mays), cucumber (cucumis sativus), and tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) were treated with nanoceria at 0-4000 mg l(-1). the cerium uptake and oxidation state within tissues were determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (icp-oes) and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (xas), respectively. the germinatio ...201020187606
phenology and abundance of bean leaf beetle (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) in eastern south dakota on alfalfa and soybean relative to tillage, fertilization, and yield.phenology and abundance of bean leaf beetles, cerotoma trifurcata (förster), were examined throughout two eastern south dakota growing seasons in relation to grain yields in chisel- and ridge-tilled soybeans [glycine max (l.) merrill] grown in 2-yr rotation with corn (zea mays l.) with and without added nitrogen (n). populations were also sampled early and late season in alfalfa (medicago sativa l.). beetles were present in alfalfa by late may and most were reproductively active within a week, b ...201020550786
energy efficiency of conventional, organic, and alternative cropping systems for food and fuel at a site in the u.s. midwest.the prospect of biofuel production on a large scale has focused attention on energy efficiencies associated with different agricultural systems and production goals. we used 17 years of detailed data on agricultural practices and yields to calculate an energy balance for different cropping systems under both food and fuel scenarios. we compared four grain and one forage systems in the u.s. midwest: corn (zea mays) - soybean (glycine max) - wheat (triticum aestivum) rotations managed with (1) con ...201020402534
assessing the risk of pesticide environmental impact in several argentinian cropping systems with a fuzzy expert indicator.the introduction of transgenic soybean (glycine max, l.) varieties resistant to glyphosate (gr soybeans) has rapidly expanded in argentina, increasing pesticide use where only grasslands were previously cultivated. the authors compared an estimate of environmental risk for different crops and active ingredients using the ipest index, which is based on a fuzzy-logic expert system. for ipest calculations, four modules are defined, one reflecting the rate of application, the other three reflecting ...201020232283
[seasonal characteristics of soil respiration and affecting factors under typical vegetations in the water-wind erosion crisscross region of the loess plateau].by the soil respiration system, the characteristics of soil respiration were investigated to explore the correlations between soil respiration and soil temperature, soil water and soil nutrient under different land use patterns in the water-wind erosion crisscross region of the loess plateau. the results indicated that the seasonal changing characteristics of soil respiration were distinguished significantly among different vegetations, and soil water content and temperature were the main influe ...201021360891
effect of dietary crude protein on ammonia-n emission measured by herd nitrogen mass balance in a freestall dairy barn managed under farm-like conditions.the main objective of this experiment was to monitor the impact of barn side and dietary crude protein (cp) on production performance, manure production and composition, and ammonia nitrogen (n) emission from a lactating dairy herd housed in a free-stall barn and managed under farm-like conditions throughout a number of months in each season of the year. the 78-cow lactating herd of the university of wisconsin-platteville (usa) was halved and each group was allocated to either the north or south ...201022444659
influence of replacing corn silage with barley silage in the diets of buffalo cows on milk yield and quality.a 150-day trial was carried out on 40 italian mediterranean buffalo cows that, immediately after calving, were equally divided into two homogeneous groups (m and o) based on the number of calving events and previous milk yield. the animals were fed (16 kg dry matter (dm)/head) two isoenergy/isoprotein diets (nel: 6.39 mj/kg dm; 15.4 cp% dm), composed of corn (diet m) or barley silage (diet o) concentrate, alfalfa hay, and a vitamin-mineral supplement. the fermentation characteristics of both sil ...201020464483
higher accumulation of f1-v fusion recombinant protein in plants after induction of protein body formation.improving foreign protein accumulation is crucial for enhancing the commercial success of plant-based production systems since product yields have a major influence on process economics. cereal grain evolved to store large amounts of proteins in tightly organized aggregates. in maize, gamma-zein is the major storage protein synthesized by the rough endoplasmic reticulum (er) and stored in specialized organelles called protein bodies (pb). zera (gamma-zein er-accumulating domain) is the n-termina ...201019789982
evaluation of dried distillers grains and roughage source in steam-flaked corn finishing diets.two studies were conducted to evaluate effects of dried distillers grains with solubles (ddgs) and alfalfa hay (ah) or corn silage (cs) on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, ruminal fermentation, and diet digestibility in cattle fed steam-flaked corn (sfc) diets. in trial 1, crossbred heifers (n = 358; bw = 353 +/- 13 kg) were used in a finishing trial to evaluate interactions between corn-ddgs and roughage source (ah or cs) in terms of impact on feedlot performance and carcass charac ...201019820042
the small intestinal epithelia of beef steers differentially express sugar transporter messenger ribonucleic acid in response to abomasal versus ruminal infusion of starch hydrolysate.in mammals, the absorption of monosaccharides from small intestinal lumen involves at least 3 sugar transporters (sugt): sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 (sglt1; gene slc5a1) transports glucose and galactose, whereas glucose transporter (glut) 5 (glut5; gene slc2a5) transports fructose, across the apical membrane of enterocytes. in contrast, glut2 (gene slc2a2) transports all of these sugars across basolateral and apical membranes. to compare the distribution patterns and sensitivity with ...201019820061
cultural conditions required for the induction of an adaptive acid-tolerance response (atr) in sinorhizobium meliloti and the question as to whether or not the atr helps rhizobia improve their symbiosis with alfalfa at low ph.sinorhizobium meliloti associates with medicago and melilotus species to develop nitrogen-fixing symbioses. the agricultural relevance of these associations, the worldwide distribution of acid soils, and the remarkable acid sensitivity of the microsymbiont have all stimulated research on the responses of the symbionts to acid environments. we show here that an adaptive acid-tolerance response (atr) can be induced in s. meliloti, as shown previously for sinorhizobium medicae, when the bacteria ar ...201019958387
anthelmintic activity of some mediterranean browse plants against parasitic nematodes.the anthelmintic properties of tannin-rich plants are being explored as an alternative to chemical drugs. most data have been acquired on legume forages, but only few on browse plants. the present study aimed to (i) screen the in vitro effects of extracts from 7 mediterranean plants on haemonchus contortus, (ii) verify the role of tannins using an inhibitor, polyvinyl polypyrrolidone (pvpp) and (iii) verify the in vivo effects of extracts from 4 plants. significant inhibition was shown in vitro ...201019961649
sheep use preingestive cues as indicators of postingestive consequences to improve food learning.previous work has shown that herbivores successfully learn to associate food sensory characteristics with postingestive consequences when the conditioning procedure is simple, whereas this ability breaks down when the learning task is made more complex. we hypothesized that sensory characteristics could act as indicators of postingestive consequences and that the presence of preingestive cues would improve the food learning of sheep in situations varying in complexity. sixteen sheep were subject ...201019966152
effect of feeding combinations of wet distillers grains and wet corn gluten feed to feedlot cattle.three experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of combinations of wet corn gluten feed (wcgf) and wet distillers grain plus solubles (wdgs) in dry-rolled and high-moisture corn-based finishing diets for beef cattle. in exp. 1, 250 steers (bw = 343 +/- 13.5 kg) were fed 5 treatments consisting of a corn-based, control diet with 0% coproducts, and diets including 30% wcgf, 30% wdgs, 15% wcgf plus 15% wdgs, or 30% wcgf plus 30% wdgs. no associative effects resulted from feeding 15% wcgf plus ...201019966168
enhanced removal of polychlorinated biphenyls from alfalfa rhizosphere soil in a field study: the impact of a rhizobial inoculum.polychlorinated biphenyls (pcb) are persistent pollutants in soil environments where they continue to present considerable human health risks. successful strategies to remediate contaminated soils are needed that are effective and of low cost. bioremediation approaches that include the use of plants and microbial communities to promote degradation of pcb have significant potential but need further assessment under field conditions. the effects of growth of alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) and inocul ...201019995667
a complex genetic network involving a broad-spectrum locus and strain-specific loci controls resistance to different pathotypes of aphanomyces euteiches in medicago truncatula.a higher understanding of genetic and genomic bases of partial resistance in plants and their diversity regarding pathogen variability is required for a more durable management of resistance genetic factors in sustainable cropping systems. in this study, we investigated the diversity of genetic factors involved in partial resistance to aphanomyces euteiches, a very damaging pathogen on pea and alfalfa, in medicago truncatula. a mapping population of 178 recombinant inbred lines, from the cross f ...201020012740
effects of sulfur and monensin concentrations on in vitro dry matter disappearance, hydrogen sulfide production, and volatile fatty acid concentrations in batch culture ruminal fermentations.effects of monensin (mon) and s on in vitro fermentation and h(2)s production were evaluated in 2 experiments. in exp. 1, 2 ruminally cannulated steers were adapted (>14 d) to a 75% concentrate diet [steam-flaked corn (sfc)-based], and ruminal fluid was collected approximately 4 h after feeding. substrate composed (dm basis) of 85.2% sfc, 9% alfalfa hay, 5% cottonseed meal, and 0.8% urea was added with ruminal fluid and buffer to sealed 125-ml serum bottles to allow for gas collection. a na(2)so ...201020023144
nodule-enhanced expression of a sucrose phosphate synthase gene member (msspsa) has a role in carbon and nitrogen metabolism in the nodules of alfalfa (medicago sativa l.).sucrose phosphate synthase (sps) catalyzes the first step in the synthesis of sucrose in photosynthetic tissues. we characterized the expression of three different isoforms of sps belonging to two different sps gene families in alfalfa (medicago sativa l.), a previously identified sps (msspsa) and two novel isoforms belonging to class b (msspsb and msspsb3). while msspsa showed nodule-enhanced expression, both msspsb genes exhibited leaf-enhanced expression. alfalfa leaf and nodule sps enzymes s ...201019898977
the impact of protein quality on stable nitrogen isotope ratio discrimination and assimilated diet estimation.accurately predicting isotopic discrimination is central to estimating assimilated diets of wild animals when using stable isotopes. current mixing models assume that the stable n isotope ratio (delta(15)n) discrimination (delta(15)n) for each food in a mixed diet is constant and independent of other foods being consumed. thus, the discrimination value for the mixed diet is the combined, weighted average for each food when consumed as the sole diet. however, if protein quality is a major determi ...201019898979
red clover coumarate 3'-hydroxylase (cyp98a44) is capable of hydroxylating p-coumaroyl-shikimate but not p-coumaroyl-malate: implications for the biosynthesis of phaselic acid.red clover (trifolium pratense) leaves accumulate several mumol of phaselic acid [2-o-caffeoyl-l-malate] per gram fresh weight. post-harvest oxidation of such o-diphenols to o-quinones by endogenous polyphenol oxidases (ppo) prevents breakdown of forage protein during storage. forages like alfalfa (medicago sativa) lack both foliar ppo activity and o-diphenols. consequently, breakdown of their protein upon harvest and storage results in economic losses and release of excess nitrogen into the env ...201019921248
in vitro and in vivo studies of the rna conformational switch in alfalfa mosaic virus.the 3' termini of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) rnas adopt two mutually exclusive conformations, a coat protein binding (cpb) and a trna-like (tl) conformer, which consist of a linear array of stem-loop structures and a pseudoknot structure, respectively. previously, switching between cpb and tl conformers has been proposed as a mechanism to regulate the competing processes of translation and replication of the viral rna (r. c. l. olsthoorn et al., embo j. 18:4856-4864, 1999). in the present study, ...201019923185
use of chitosans to modulate ruminal fermentation of a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate diet in sheep.the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of chitosan (chi) on ruminal and cecal fermentation and on apparent digestibility in sheep. in a first trial, 4 ruminally fistulated sheep fed an alfalfa hay and concentrate diet formulated to meet 1.2 times their maintenance energy requirements were assigned to 2 treatments [no-additive control (ctr), or 136 mg/kg of bw of chi] for 19 d in a 2 x 2 crossover design. samples of ruminal fluid and feces were taken for vfa and nh(3)-n concen ...201019854994
a comparison of alternative plant mixes for conservation bio-control by native beneficial arthropods in vegetable cropping systems in queensland australia.cucurbit crops host a range of serious sap-sucking insect pests, including silverleaf whitefly (slw) and aphids, which potentially represent considerable risk to the australian horticulture industry. these pests are extremely polyphagous with a wide host range. chemical control is made difficult due to resistance and pollution, and other side-effects are associated with insecticide use. consequently, there is much interest in maximising the role of biological control in the management of these s ...201019323854
multilocus sequence analysis of root nodule isolates from lotus arabicus (senegal), lotus creticus, argyrolobium uniflorum and medicago sativa (tunisia) and description of ensifer numidicus sp. nov. and ensifer garamanticus sp. nov.nine isolates from argyrolobium uniflorum, lotus creticus , medicago sativa (tunisia) and lotus arabicus (senegal) were analysed by multilocus sequence analysis (mlsa) of five housekeeping genes (reca, atpd, glna, glta and thrc), the 16s rrna gene and the nodulation gene noda. analysis of the individual and concatenated gene sequences demonstrated that the nine new strains constituted three stable, well-supported (bootstrap and gene sequence similarity values) monophyletic clusters, a, b and c, ...201019656922
a generic method to identify plant viruses by high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry of their coat proteins.although a number of protocols have been developed for detection of viruses at the genus or family level, universal approaches to detect and identify unknown viruses are still required. high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify accurately peptide masses and their constituent sequences from partially purified plant virus preparations. analysis of the peptide fragment masses against a virus database using pattern-matching algorithms identified sequences with homology to known v ...201019712699
screening of genes induced by salt stress from alfalfa.an alfalfa cdna library induced by salt stress was constructed by suppression subtraction hybridization (ssh) technology. total rna from 10-day-old seedlings was used as a "driver," and total rna from seedlings induced by salt was used as a "tester". one hundred and nineteen clones identified as positive clones by reverse northern dot-blotting resulted in 82 uni-ests comprised of 16 contigs and 66 singletons. blast analysis of deduced protein sequences revealed that 51 ests had identity similar ...201019572213
ruminal and total tract phosphorus release from feedstuffs in cattle measured using the mobile nylon bag technique.phosphorus (p) excretion in manure is a concern for dairy and beef producers. excess p released into surface water runoff can lead to eutrophication and algal blooms in streams and lakes. one approach to reducing p excretion is to reduce dietary p. data regarding p release from feedstuffs is limited and more precise formulations based on specific feed p release in the digestive tract may be one way to lower excreted p. in this experiment, the mobile nylon bag technique was used to determine the ...201020050951
control of salmonella on sprouting mung bean and alfalfa seeds by using a biocontrol preparation based on antagonistic bacteria and lytic bacteriophages.the following reports on the application of a combination of antagonistic bacteria and lytic bacteriophages to control the growth of salmonella on sprouting mung beans and alfalfa seeds. antagonistic bacteria were isolated from mung bean sprouts and tomatoes by using the deferred plate assay to assess anti-salmonella activity. from the isolates screened, an enterobacter asburiae strain (labeled "jx1") exhibited stable antagonistic activity against a broad range of salmonella serovars (agona, ber ...201020051198
a large markovian linear program to optimize replacement policies and dairy herd net income for diets and nitrogen excretion.the purpose of the study was 2-fold: 1) to propose a novel modeling framework using markovian linear programming to optimize dairy farmer-defined goals under different decision schemes and 2) to illustrate the model with a practical application testing diets for entire lactations. a dairy herd population was represented by cow state variables defined by parity (1 to 15), month in lactation (1 to 24), and pregnancy status (0 nonpregnant and 1 to 9 mo of pregnancy). a database of 326,000 lactation ...201020059938
bioassay and use in irrigation of untreated and treated wastewaters from phosphate fertilizer industry.wastewater from phosphate fertilizer industry that contains essentially a significant amount of both fluoride and phosphate was treated by separative precipitation of fluoride ions with hydrated lime. thus, a phosphate-rich effluent with low content of fluoride was obtained. the microtoxicity of the treated wastewater was then monitored by lumistox and its phytotoxicity was investigated on tomato (lycopersicon esculentum), wheat (triticum aestivum), maize (zea mays), ryegrass (lolium perenne), a ...201020061024
sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 loss-of-function deletion mutation in chvi and its phenotypic characteristics.bacterial two-component regulatory systems (tcs) are common components of complex regulatory networks and cascades. in sinorhizobium meliloti, the tcs exos/chvi controls exopolysaccharide succinoglycan production and flagellum biosynthesis. although this system plays a crucial role in establishing the symbiosis between s. meliloti and its host plant, it is not well characterized. attempts to generate complete loss-of-function mutations in either exos or chvi in s. meliloti have been unsuccessful ...201020064059
proteomic alterations explain phenotypic changes in sinorhizobium meliloti lacking the rna chaperone hfq.the ubiquitous bacterial rna-binding protein hfq is involved in stress resistance and pathogenicity. in sinorhizobium meliloti, hfq is essential for the establishment of symbiosis with medicago sativa and for nitrogen fixation. a proteomic analysis identifies 55 proteins with significantly affected expression in the hfq mutant; most of them are involved in cell metabolism or stress resistance. important determinants of oxidative stress resistance, such as cysk, gsh, bfr, sodc, katb, katc, and a ...201020081032
the sinorhizobium meliloti rna chaperone hfq mediates symbiosis of s. meliloti and alfalfa.there exist commonalities between symbiotic sinorhizobium meliloti and pathogenic brucella bacteria in terms of extensive gene synteny and the requirements for intracellular survival in their respective hosts. the rna chaperone hfq is essential for virulence for several bacterial groups, including brucella; however, its role in s. meliloti has not been investigated. our studies of an s. meliloti loss-of-function hfq mutant have revealed that hfq plays a key role in the establishment of the symbi ...201020081033
effects of nonstructural carbohydrate concentration in alfalfa on fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in continuous culture.insufficient readily fermentable energy combined with extensive degradation of proteins in alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) may result in poor forage n utilization by ruminants. using the inherent genetic variability and differences between harvests, our objective was to compare the effect of contrasting concentrations of nonstructural carbohydrates (nsc) in alfalfa on rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis. individual genotypes of the alfalfa cultivar ac caribou grown near québec city, ...201020105540
caulimoviridae tubule-guided transport is dictated by movement protein properties.plant viruses move through plasmodesmata (pd) either as nucleoprotein complexes (npcs) or as tubule-guided encapsidated particles with the help of movement proteins (mps). to explore how and why mps specialize in one mechanism or the other, we tested the exchangeability of mps encoded by dna and rna virus genomes by means of an engineered alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) system. we show that caulimoviridae (dna genome virus) mps are competent for rna virus particle transport but are unable to mediate ...201020130061
preimaginal development response to constant temperatures in hypera postica (coleoptera: curculionidae): picking the best model.immature survival and development of alfalfa weevil, hypera postica (gyllenhal) (coleoptera: curculionidae), were examined at 15 constant temperatures ranging from 9 to 37 degrees c. at 9 and 37 degrees c, eggs did not develop. embryos developed to adulthood between 11.5 and 36 degrees c, although survival was low at both ends of the temperature range. distribution of development times for all stages of alfalfa weevil were skewed toward longer times mainly at moderate temperatures. constant prop ...201020146855
degree-day requirements for alfalfa weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae) development in eastern nebraska.the alfalfa weevil, hypera postica (gyllenhal), is a serious, yet sporadic defoliator of alfalfa, medicago sativa l., in nebraska. a 2-yr study was conducted in 2005 and 2006 to test for variation in degree-day requirements by location in eastern nebraska. sampling took place along a latitudinal gradient in three regions of eastern nebraska. three fields were sampled in each region during the 2 yr of the study. alfalfa weevil larval degree-day requirements were found to vary by latitude in easte ...201020146858
dual control of sinorhizobium meliloti rpoe2 sigma factor activity by two phyr-type two-component response regulators.rpoe2 is an extracytoplasmic function (ecf) sigma factor involved in the general stress response of sinorhizobium meliloti, the nitrogen-fixing symbiont of the legume plant alfalfa. rpoe2 orthologues are widely found among alphaproteobacteria, where they play various roles in stress resistance and/or host colonization. in this paper, we report a genetic and biochemical investigation of the mechanisms of signal transduction leading to s. meliloti rpoe2 activation in response to stress. we showed ...201020154128
using alfalfa leaf meal as a supplement in late-gestation beef heifer and nursing beef calf diets.two experiments were conducted to investigate using alfalfa leaf meal (alm; 22% cp, dm basis) in beef cattle diets. in exp. 1, a total of 24 late-gestation angus heifers (initial bw 470 +/- 9 kg) were blocked by bw, calving date, and bcs to 1 of 4 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. all heifers were offered a basal hay diet (7.4% cp and 67.6% ndf, dm basis). treatments were arranged as a 2 x 2 factorial consisting of cp supplied at 100 or 112.5% of the recommended daily int ...201020154156
effects of varying bulk densities of steam-flaked corn and dietary roughage concentration on in vitro fermentation, performance, carcass quality, and acid-base balance measurements in finishing steers.effects of varying bulk densities of steam-flaked corn (sfc) and level of inclusion of roughage in feedlot diets were evaluated in 3 experiments. in exp. 1, a total of 128 beef steers were used in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement to evaluate the effects of bulk density of sfc (335 or 386 g/l) and roughage concentration (6 or 10% ground alfalfa hay, dm basis) on performance and carcass characteristics. no interactions were observed between bulk density and roughage concentration for performance data ...201019933434
ensifer, phyllobacterium and rhizobium species occupy nodules of medicago sativa (alfalfa) and melilotus alba (sweet clover) grown at a canadian site without a history of cultivation.phage-resistant and -susceptible bacteria from nodules of alfalfa and sweet clover, grown at a site without a known history of cultivation, were identified as diverse genotypes of ensifer, rhizobium and phyllobacterium species based on sequence analysis of ribosomal (16s and 23s rrna) and protein-encoding (atpd and reca) genes, southern hybridization/rflp and a range of phenotypic characteristics. among phage-resistant bacteria, one genotype of rhizobium sp. predominated on alfalfa (frequency ap ...201019875436
reduced nodulation in alfalfa induced by arsenic correlates with altered expression of early nodulins.arsenic (as) reduces legume nodulation by affecting the first stages of the symbiotic interaction, which causes a 90% decrease in rhizobial infections. in this paper, we examine molecular mechanisms underlying this toxic effect, using the model system medicago sativa-sinorhizobium. in the presence and absence of as, the expression patterns of seven nodulin genes, markers for the different events leading to nodule formation, were analyzed by rt-pcr and by real-time rt-pcr. a significant decrease ...201019879664
identification of plant viruses using one-dimensional gel electrophoresis and peptide mass fingerprints.a generic assay to detect and partially characterize unknown viruses from plants was developed. proteins extracted from virus-infected and uninfected plants were separated in one dimension by sds polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. differentially expressed protein bands were eluted after trypsin digestion and resulting peptide fragments separated according to their mass by matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization time-of-flight (maldi-tof) mass spectrometry. resulting peptide mass fingerprint ...201020170682
variability in in situ ruminal degradation parameters causes imprecision in estimated ruminal digestibility.the ruminal digestibility of dietary ingredients is frequently estimated with degradation parameters (e.g., rate and extent of degradation). mean degradation parameters (e.g., those in a feed library) are often used, but limited data suggest considerable variation around these means, potentially leading to imprecise digestibility estimates. this experiment quantified degradation parameter variation for forage hays and determined the impact of this variation on the precision of ruminal digestibil ...201020172229
replacement of starch from corn with nonforage fiber from distillers grains and soyhulls in diets of lactating dairy cows.forty holstein cows were used in a completely randomized design with a 2-wk covariate period followed by a 6-wk experimental period to evaluate incremental substitution of nonforage fiber provided by dried distillers grains with solubles (ddgs) and soyhulls (sh) for starch provided by corn in the diet. diets provided decreasing concentrations of starch: 29% starch with 0% ddgs; 26% starch with 7% ddgs; 23% starch with 14% ddgs; and 20% starch with 21% ddgs. diets contained 27% corn silage, 22% a ...201020172230
effects of spontaneous heating on forage protein fractions and in situ disappearance kinetics of crude protein for alfalfa-orchardgrass hays packaged in large round bales.during 2006 and 2007, forages from 3 individual hay harvests were used to assess the effects of spontaneous heating on concentrations of crude protein (cp), neutral detergent insoluble cp (ndicp), acid detergent insoluble cp (adicp), and in situ disappearance kinetics of cp and ndicp for large round bales of mixed alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) and orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.). over the 3 harvests, 96 large round bales were made at preset bale diameters of 0.9, 1.2, or 1.5m and at moisture ...201020172236
a rapid and robust assay for detection of s-phase cell cycle progression in plant cells and tissues by using ethynyl deoxyuridine.abstract:201020181034
changes in blood pancreatic polypeptide and ghrelin concentrations in response to feeding in sheep.the roles of pancreatic polypeptide (pp) have not been determined in ruminant animals. the aim of the present study was to examine the role of pp in the regulation of ghrelin secretion in sheep. two experiments were conducted using four 2-yr-old suffolk wethers fed a maintenance diet of alfalfa hay cubes. in exp. 1, the effects of feeding on blood ghrelin and pp concentrations were examined in scheduled-fed sheep. blood samples were collected every 10 min from 30 min before to 360 min after feed ...201020190166
selection of tannins by sheep in response to gastrointestinal nematode infection.herbivores learn to select compounds that attenuate the aversive effects of plant secondary metabolites (psm), but can they increase intake of psm they typically avoid when these psm provide medicinal effects? we hypothesized that herbivores learn to increase intake of psm-containing feeds when experiencing a gastrointestinal parasitic infection. ten lambs with natural gastrointestinal parasitic burdens (pb) and 10 nonparasitized lambs (np) were offered a choice of alfalfa (medicago sativa) and ...201020190171
the sinorhizobium meliloti rna chaperone hfq influences central carbon metabolism and the symbiotic interaction with alfalfa.the bacterial hfq protein is able to interact with diverse rna molecules, including regulatory small non-coding rnas (srnas), and thus it is recognized as a global post-transcriptional regulator of gene expression. loss of hfq has an extensive impact in bacterial physiology which in several animal pathogens influences virulence. sinorhizobium meliloti is a model soil bacterium known for its ability to establish a beneficial nitrogen-fixing intracellular symbiosis with alfalfa. despite the predic ...201020205931
inactivation of salmonella and escherichia coli o157:h7 on artificially contaminated alfalfa seeds using high hydrostatic pressure.alfalfa sprouts contaminated with salmonella and escherichia coli o157:h7 have been implicated in several outbreaks of foodborne illnesses in recent years. the seed used for sprouting appears to be the primary source of pathogens. seed decontamination prior to sprouting presents a unique challenge for the sprouting industry since cells of the pathogenic survivors although undetectable after sanitizing treatments, can potentially multiply back to hazardous levels. the focus of this study was to t ...201020227597
analysis of risk factors associated with salmonella spp. isolated from u.s. feedlot cattle.contamination can occur at a number of stages during farm-to-fork processing. preharvest intervention is an ongoing area of interest in reduction of risk of foodborne illness. this study examined risk factors associated with detection of salmonella from cattle in u.s. feedlots. during two visits to 73 feedlots, 25 fresh fecal samples were collected from each of three pen floors. associations between management and demographic factors and culture status were evaluated using logistic regression. f ...201020230269
glnb/glnk pii proteins and regulation of the sinorhizobium meliloti rm1021 nitrogen stress response and symbiotic function.the sinorhizobium meliloti rm1021 delta glnd-sm2 mutant, which is predicted to make a glnd nitrogen sensor protein truncated at its amino terminus, fixes nitrogen in symbiosis with alfalfa, but the plants cannot use this nitrogen for growth (s. n. yurgel and m. l. kahn, proc. natl. acad. sci. u. s. a. 105:18958-18963, 2008). the mutant also has a generalized nitrogen stress response (nsr) defect. these results suggest a connection between glnd, symbiotic metabolism, and the nsr, but the nature o ...201020304991
effect of feed delivery method on the behavior and growth of dairy heifers.the objective of this study was to determine the effects of feed delivery method on growth, feeding competition, feeding, and sorting behavior of dairy heifers. thirty-two holstein heifers (146.2+/-21.9 d of age) were divided into 8 groups of 4 and exposed to 1 of 2 feed delivery treatments for 13 wk. the treatment rations contained 65% grass/alfalfa haylage and 35% textured concentrate (on a dry matter basis) fed as a 1) total mixed ration (tmr) or 2) top-dressed ration (tdr). group dry matter ...201020338444
the effect of wide swathing on wilting times and nutritive value of alfalfa haylage.on 3 consecutive cuttings, alfalfa from a single field was mowed with a john deere 946 mower-conditioner (4-m cut width; moline, il) to leave narrow swaths (ns) ranging from 1.2 to 1.52 m wide (30-37% of cutter bar width) and wide swaths (ws) ranging from 2.44 to 2.74 m wide (62-67% of cutter bar width). samples were collected from windrows and dry matter (dm) was monitored during wilting until a target of 43 to 45% dm was obtained. forage from random windrows (n=4-6) was harvested by hand, chop ...201020338457
identification and characterization of the intracellular poly-3-hydroxybutyrate depolymerase enzyme phaz of sinorhizobium meliloti.s. meliloti forms indeterminate nodules on the roots of its host plant alfalfa (medicago sativa). bacteroids of indeterminate nodules are terminally differentiated and, unlike their non-terminally differentiated counterparts in determinate nodules, do not accumulate large quantities of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (phb) during symbiosis. phaz is in intracellular phb depolymerase; it represents the first enzyme in the degradative arm of the phb cycle in s. meliloti and is the only enzyme in this half o ...201020346169
in vitro digestion of fresh alfalfa under different conditions of ruminal ph.relatively low ruminal ph values have been frequently registered in dairy cows grazing alfalfa, which can be involved in reducing feed digestion. an in vitro experiment was carried out to study the effect of ruminal ph (6.4, 6.1, 5.8 and 5.5) on the digestion of fresh alfalfa.201020355083
resveratrol from transgenic alfalfa for prevention of aberrant crypt foci in mice.transgenic alfalfa (medicago sativa l.), which accumulated resveratrol-glucoside (rg), was incorporated into diets and fed to female, 6-wk-old cf-1 mice for 5 wk. mice fed diets containing transgenic alfalfa with supplemented alpha -galactosidase had significantly fewer azoxymethane (aom)-induced aberrant crypt foci (acf) in their colon relative to mice fed the transgenic alfalfa diets without added alpha -galactosidase (p = 0.02). resveratrol-aglycone (rag) was detected in the colon of 100% of ...201020358473
effect of the addition of calcium soap to ewes' diet on fatty acid composition of ewe milk and subcutaneous fat of suckling lambs reared on ewe milk.the aim of this work was to study the effect of the inclusion of calcium soap (cs) in ewes' diet on the fatty acid profile of suckling lambs. sixty suckling lambs of three breeds (castellana, churra and assaf) were divided into two equal groups. one group was fed with a diet composed of beetroot pulp, alfalfa, barley, corn, soy, cotton and 4% of cs, and the other with a control diet without cs. the fatty acid profiles of the ewe's milk samples collected on the day before slaughter and of the lam ...201020374842
effect of csn1s1 genotype and its interaction with diet energy level on milk production and quality in girgentana goats fed ad libitum.a study was carried out to evaluate how the energy level of the diet can affect milk production and quality in girgentana lactating goats in relation to polymorphism at the alphas1-casein (csn1s1) genotype locus. twenty-seven goats, homogeneous for milk production (1.5+/-0.3 kg/d), days of lactation (90+/-10 d) and body weight (35.8+/-5.5 kg) were selected on the basis of their csn1s1 genotype, as follows: nine goats homozygous for strong (aa) alleles, nine goats homozygous for weak alleles (ff) ...201020380775
effect of forage species on fatty acid content and performance of pasture-finished steers.consumers are increasingly concerned with the form and quantity of fat present in the foods they consume. this is leading to a shift in the way food is produced. in particular the animal industry is increasing the number of organic and naturally finished meat animals rather than finishing them on grains. the objective of this study was to determine if different pasture compositions (i.e. grass only or grass legume mixtures) would impact the fatty acid (fa) meat composition of beef steers (bos ta ...201020416809
structural investigation of an exopolysaccharide substituted with a lactyl ether group produced by raoultella terrigena ez-555-6 isolated in the chernobyl exclusion zone.raoultella terrigena strain ez-555-6, isolated from a root nodule of medicago sativa harvested in the chernobyl exclusion zone, produces a non-referenced high-molecular-mass exopolysaccharide (eps). the structure of this eps was determined using a combination approach including monosaccharide composition (glc-fid, hpaec-pad), determination of glycosylation sites (glc-eims) and 1d/2d nmr ((1)h, (13)c) and esims (hr, ms/ms) studies of oligosaccharides obtained from mild acid hydrolysis. the eps wa ...201020417501
application of multilocus sequence typing to study the genetic structure of megaplasmids in medicago-nodulating rhizobia.a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) analysis was used to examine the genetic structure and diversity within the two large extrachromosomal replicons in medicago-nodulating rhizobia (sinorhizobium meliloti and sinorhizobium medicae). the allelic diversity within these replicons was high compared to the reported diversity within the corresponding chromosomes of the same strains (p. van berkum et al., j. bacteriol. 188:5570-5577, 2006). also, there was strong localized linkage disequilibrium (ld) b ...201020418433
toxicity of non-protein amino acids to humans and domestic animals.non-protein amino acids are common in plants and are present in widely consumed animal feeds and human foods such as alfalfa (medicago sativa), which contains canavanine, and lentil (lens culinaris), which contains homoarginine. some occur in wild species that are inadvertently harvested with crop species. some non-protein amino acids and metabolites can be toxic to humans, e.g. lathyrus species contain a neurotoxic oxalyl-amino acid. some potential toxins may be passed along a food chain via an ...201020420333
modeling demographic response to constant temperature in hypera postica (coleoptera: curculionidae).alfalfa weevil, hypera postica (gyllenhal) (coleoptera: curculionidae), is among the most destructive pests of alfalfa, medicago sativa l., in the world. survivorship and fecundity schedules of h. postica were investigated to characterize the population growth potential of the weevil at six constant temperatures: 11.5, 14.0, 19.0, 24.0, 29.0, and 31.5 degrees c. preoviposition period, oviposition period and female longevity significantly decreased with rising temperature within the temperature r ...201020429441
effects of feeding ratio of beet pulp to alfalfa hay or grass hay on ruminal mat characteristics and chewing activity in holstein dry cows.the influence of the feeding ratio of a non-forage fiber source and hay on ruminal mat characteristics and chewing activity was evaluated in dairy dry cows. cows were fed four different diets: the ratios of alfalfa hay (ah) to beet pulp (bp) were 8:2 (dry matter basis, a8b2) and 2:8 (a2b8), and those of grass hay (gh) to bp were 8:2 (g8b2) and 2:8 (g2b8). total eating time was decreased with increasing bp content (p < 0.01). total rumination time for ah was shorter than that for gh (p < 0.01), a ...201020438498
phymatotrichum (cotton) root rot caused by phymatotrichopsis omnivora: retrospects and prospects.phymatotrichum (cotton or texas) root rot is caused by the soil-borne fungus phymatotrichopsis omnivora (duggar) hennebert. the broad host range of the fungus includes numerous crop plants, such as alfalfa and cotton. together with an overview of existing knowledge, this review is aimed at discussing the recent molecular and genomic approaches that have been undertaken to better understand the disease development at the molecular level with the ultimate goal of developing resistant germplasm. ta ...201020447281
carboxymethyl-starch excipients for gastrointestinal stable oral protein formulations containing protease inhibitors.the aim of this study was to develop a formulation for bioactive compounds using carboxymethyl starch (cms) as excipient containing protease inhibitors. this formulation provided gastro protection and enhanced stability against pancreatic enzymes. such stability is needed for formulation of oral vaccines with specific antigens.201020456833
feun, a novel modulator of two-component signalling identified in sinorhizobium meliloti.sinorhizobium meliloti is a nitrogen-fixing bacterial symbiont of alfalfa and related legumes. symbiotic infection by s. meliloti requires an osmosensory two-component system composed of the response regulator feup and the sensor kinase feuq. the feupq pathway positively regulates transcription of multiple genes including ndva, which encodes the cyclic glucan exporter. here we show that proper regulation of this signalling pathway is essential for cell viability. without the small 83 amino acid ...201020487268
supplementation with whole cottonseed causes long-term reduction of methane emissions from lactating dairy cows offered a forage and cereal grain diet.the objective of our work was to supplement a forage and cereal diet of lactating dairy cows with whole cottonseed (wcs) for 12 wk and to determine whether the expected reduction in ch(4) would persist. a secondary objective was to determine the effect of supplementing the diet with wcs on milk yield and rumen function over the 12-wk feeding period. fifty lactating cows were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 diets (control or wcs). the 2 separate groups were each offered, on average, 4.2 kg of dm/cow ...201020494170
effect of water addition to a total mixed ration on feed temperature, feed intake, sorting behavior, and milk production of dairy cows.the objective of this study was to determine the effects of water addition to a high-moisture total mixed ration (tmr) on feed temperature, feed intake, feed sorting behavior, and milk production of dairy cows. twelve lactating holstein cows (155.8+/-60.1 dim), individually fed once daily at 1000 h, were exposed to 3 diets in a latin square design with 28-d treatment periods. diets had the same ingredient composition [30.9% corn silage, 30.3% alfalfa haylage, 21.2% high-moisture corn, and 17.6% ...201020494174
saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product in dairy cow diets containing dried distillers grains plus solubles.sixteen multiparous holstein cows (127+/-52 d in milk) were used in 4 replicated 4 x 4 latin squares with 4-wk periods to evaluate interactions of dietary inclusion of a fermentation product of saccharomyces cerevisiae (sc; xpc, diamond v mills, cedar rapids, ia) and dried distillers grains plus solubles (ddgs) on production of milk and milk components when fed diets containing approximately 30% dietary neutral detergent fiber with calculated forage neutral detergent fiber of 19.3% of diet dry m ...201020494175
fermentation of bioenergy crops into ethanol using biological abatement for removal of inhibitors.biological abatement was used to condition dilute acid-pretreated hydrolysates of three perennial herbaceous crops that are potential bioenergy feedstocks: switchgrass, reed canarygrass, and alfalfa stems. fungal isolate coniochaeta ligniaria was inoculated into the hydrolysates to metabolize and remove inhibitory compounds prior to yeast fermentation of glucose. switchgrass, reed canarygrass, and alfalfa stem samples were pretreated with dilute acid at 10% w/w biomass loading and subjected to b ...201020510606
productive response of grazing dairy cows to fresh chopped maize supplementation under a small farming system in the mexican highlands.the aim of this study was to evaluate the animal performance of late lactating grazing dairy cows in response to fresh chopped maize (fcm) supplementation under a small farming system. twenty-four multiparous holstein dairy cows were used in a rotational grazing on a mixed alfalfa-orchard grass sward. three treatments were evaluated: 0, 4, and 8 kg dry matter (dm) of fcm cow(-1) day(-1). the experimental design was a crossover, with three periods lasting 19 days each. there were no differences o ...201020524066
[spider community (arachnida, araneae) of alfalfa crops (medicago sativa) in buenos aires, argentina].over the last decades there has been an increasing interest in the use of natural enemies to control pest insects, including spiders. we studied a spider community in argentina by sampling every two weeks during 2004-2006 in one-hectare lots. soil stratum spiders were collected using nets and pitfall traps. a total of 6229 specimens were collected (15 families and 50 species). seven families were found in the herbal stratum, the most abundant were thomisidae (n=2012, 32.30%), araneidae (n=1516, ...201020527473
pesticides residues in milks and feedstuff of farm animals drawn from greece.the objective of this study was to investigate if milk from dairy sheep and goats, fed mainly with supplementary feed during the winter months, was contaminated with pesticides residues. tauwo hundred milk samples from sheep and goats were collected from 10 farms of each animals. the sheep and goats farms were selected from those which represent common conventional production and feeding systems in greece. milk and feed samples (alfalfa hay, wheat straw, shrubs, pasture and concentrates) were ta ...201020537679
ggdef and eal proteins play different roles in the control of sinorhizobium meliloti growth, motility, exopolysaccharide production, and competitive nodulation on host alfalfa.a new bacterial secondary messenger, bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-gmp), is usually synthesized or decomposed by proteins containing ggdef or glutamate-alanine-leucine (eal) domain. they often act as cyclase or phosphodiesterase of c-di-gmp and their genes are distributed among almost all bacteria according to known genomic dna sequences. however, the systematic identification of ggdef and eal genes remains unclear in rhizobia, soil bacteria that interact with compatib ...201020539941
plant-feeding insects harbor double-stranded rna viruses encoding a novel proline-alanine rich protein and a polymerase distantly related to that of fungal viruses.novel double-stranded rnas (approximately 8 kbp) were isolated from threecornered alfalfa hopper (spissistilus festinus) and beet leafhopper (circulifer tenellus), two plant-feeding hemipteran insect pests. the two new viruses, designated spissistilus festinus virus 1 (spfv1) and circulifer tenellus virus 1 (citv1), do not appear to be encapsidated in conventional virions and shared a genome organization similar to that of several unclassified fungal viruses. spfv1 and citvl encode a proline-ala ...201020541786
effect of feeding bioactive forages on infection and subsequent development of haemonchus contortus in lamb faeces.contrasting dried herbage diets were offered to lambs to evaluate their effects on haemonchus contortus infection and on subsequent development of larvae in faeces. artificially infected lambs (n=24, 4 months old) were allocated to one of four treatment groups (n=6) and fed on hay of lucerne (medicago sativa; lu), sulla (hedysarum coronarium; su), sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia; sa) or wormwood (artemisia absinthium; wo) included as 20% in ground lucerne pellets. while voluntary intake was simi ...201020554118
tobacco biomass hydrolysate enhances coenzyme q10 production using photosynthetic rhodospirillum rubrum.coenzyme q10 (coq10), a potent antioxidative dietary supplement, was produced using a photosynthetic bacteria rhodospirillum rubrum atcc 25852 by submerged fermentation supplemented with tobacco biomass hydrolysate (tbh) in comparison with media supplemented with hydrolysates prepared with alfalfa (abh) or spinach (sbh). growth medium supplemented with 20% (v/v) tbh was found favorable with regard to cell density and coq10 concentration. the stimulation effects on cell growth (shortened lag phas ...201020554198
diversity and abundance of the bacterial 16s rrna gene sequences in forestomach of alpacas (lama pacos) and sheep (ovis aries).two bacterial 16s rrna gene clone libraries were constructed from the forestomach of alpacas and sheep fed alfalfa. after the amplification using the universal 16s rrna gene primers, equal quantities of pcr products from the same species were mixed and used to construct the two libraries. sequence analysis showed that the 60 clones from alpacas were divided into 27 phylotypes with 25% clones affiliated with eubacterium sp. f1. the 60 clones from sheep were divided into 21 phylotypes with 7 phylo ...201020558310
influence of feeding various quantities of wet and dry distillers grains to finishing steers on carcass characteristics, meat quality, retail-case life of ground beef, and fatty acid profile of longissimus muscle.two hundred forty angus crossbred steers were used to determine the influence of feeding various quantities of wet and dry distillers grains to finishing steers on carcass characteristics, meat quality, retail-case life of ground beef, and fatty acid profile of lm. three replications of 5 dietary treatments were randomly applied to 15 pens in each of 2 yr. a finishing diet containing dry-rolled corn, soybean meal, and alfalfa hay was fed as the control diet. wet distillers grains with solubles ( ...201020562359
habitat affinity of resident natural enemies of the invasive aphis glycines (hemiptera: aphididae), on soybean, with comments on biological control.we integrated a natural enemy survey of the broader landscape into a more traditional survey for aphis glycines matsumura (hemiptera: aphididae), parasitoids and predatory flies on soybean using a. glycines-infested soybean, glycine max (l.) merr., placed in cropped and noncropped plant systems to complement visual field observations. across three sites and 5 yr, 18 parasitoids and predatory flies in total (hymenoptera: aphelinidae [two species] and bracondae [seven species], diptera: cecidomyii ...201020568602
absence of functional tolc protein causes increased stress response gene expression in sinorhizobium meliloti.the tolc protein from sinorhizobium meliloti has previously been demonstrated to be required for establishing successful biological nitrogen fixation symbiosis with medicago sativa. it is also needed in protein and exopolysaccharide secretion and for protection against osmotic and oxidative stresses. here, the transcriptional profile of free-living s. meliloti 1021 tolc mutant is described as a step toward understanding its role in the physiology of the cell.201020573193
effect of protein-xanthophylls (px) concentrate of alfalfa supplementation on physico-chemical properties of turkey breast and thigh muscles during ageing.the objective was to evaluate the effects of a dietary protein-xanthophylls (px) concentrate of alfalfa to turkey diets (at 15 and 30 g kg(-1) feed) on the physico-chemical properties of breast and thigh muscles during ageing. the experiment involved 120 turkeys (big-6 type) allotted to 3 groups (group i-control group; group ii--with 1.5% supplementation of the protein-xanthophylls (px) concentrate; group iii--with 3% supplementation of the protein-xanthophylls (px) concentrate). measurements of ...201020580166
evaluation of mathematical models to describe testicular growth in blackbelly ram lambs.the primary objective was to compare various mathematical models to describe scrotal circumference (sc) and paired testis volume development in blackbelly ram lambs. the study was conducted in the state of querétaro, méxico (20° 43' n, 100° 15' w). spring-born blackbelly ram lambs (n = 41) were housed outdoors and fed alfalfa hay and concentrate. body weight, sc, and testis length, diameter, and volume were recorded every 2 wk from 24 to 172 d of age (june 18 to november 3). the following mathem ...201020594587
identification of a trap transporter for malonate transport and its expression regulated by gtra from sinorhizobium meliloti.sinorhizobium meliloti can live as a saprophyte in soil or as a nitrogen-fixing symbiont inside the root nodule cells of alfalfa and related legumes by utilizing different organic compounds as its carbon source. here we have identified the matpqmab operon in s. meliloti 1021. within this operon, matp, matq and the m region of the fused gene matma encode an extracytoplasmic solute receptor, a small transmembrane protein and a large transmembrane protein, consisting of three components of the trip ...201020594941
resistance to bacillus thuringiensis in the cabbage looper (trichoplusia ni) increases susceptibility to a nucleopolyhedrovirus.cabbage loopers, trichoplusia ni, are pests in many agricultural settings including vegetable greenhouses in british columbia (canada), where microbial insecticides based on bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins are commonly used. frequent use of these insecticides has led to resistance in some populations. an alternative microbial control is the multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus of the alfalfa looper (autographa californica), acmnpv which occurs naturally, but at low frequencies in t. ni populations. ...201020600095
antithrombotic effects of naturally derived products on coagulation and platelet function.to date, there have been few systematic studies of the antiplatelet and/or anticoagulant effects of natural products. according to the natural medicines comprehensive database, approximately 180 dietary supplements have the potential to interact with warfarin, and more than 120 may interact with aspirin, clopidogrel, and dipyridamole. these include anise and dong quai (anticoagulant effects); omega 3-fatty acids in fish oil, ajoene in garlic, ginger, ginko, and vitamin e (antiplatelet properties ...201020617421
[the study on immune responses in balb/c mice by immunization with the transgenic alfalfa(medicago sativa) containing eg95-ega31 fusion gene of echinococcus granulosus].to investigate the immune responses and the protection induced by the transgenic alfalfa (medicago sativa) containing eg95-ega31 fusion gene of echinococcus granulosus against eg protoscoleces.201020619100
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