Publications

an adolescent inpatient program. guidelines and ethics.		2014	4323283
histochemical method. its evolution and applications.		2014	4105311
a case of multiple sclerosis with multi-ring-like and butterfly-like enhancement on computerized tomography.	we report a case of multiple sclerosis in which ct showed multiple ring-like enhancement and butterfly-like distribution of a low density area with marginal enhancement. the latter finding is found in other demyelinating disorders but is less common in tumors or abscesses. therefore, it seems to have some diagnostic value in multiple sclerosis.	2014	4003708
dna replication pattern of the y chromosome in xyy and xxyy males.		2014	4249304
pancreatoduodenectomy for periampullary cancer.		2014	4290235
[a great centennial].		2014	4569636
[a great centennial].		2014	4569636
[chief physician mudr. henrik wiener 70 years old].		2014	4897414
the main types of granulation in the electron-microscopic picture.		2014	4187640
drugs and genes.		2014	4182785
the vulnerable oesophagus.		2014	4175420
effects of postural changes upon urinary excretion of protein in renal disease.		2014	4179152
automatic conversion of slide synchronizing pulses on audio tape.		2014	4136113
[diagnosis of the subclinical stages of diffuse toxic goiter].		2014	4141769
[cytology of the synovial fluid (report) (author's transl)].		2014	4142159
[first results apropos of 23 observations on the possibilities of fibrinolytic treatment during retinal venous thrombosis].		2014	4433957
a clinical concept of seborrheic dermatitis.		2014	4226945
physiological stress and performance changes in response to beginning level orienteering.		2014	4068683
[the lungs and old age].		2014	4070477
uncertainty explains many aspects of visual contrast detection and discrimination.	more than 20 years ago, tanner [ann. n.y. acad. sci. 89, 752 (1961)] noted that observers asked to detect a signal act as though they are uncertain about the physical characteristics of the signal to be detected. the popular assumptions of probability summation and decision variable, taken together, imply this uncertainty. this paper defines and uncertainty model of visual detection that assumes that the observer is uncertain among many signals and chooses the likeliest. with only four parameter ...	2014	4045584
the response of the apparent receptive speech disorder of parkinsonism to speech therapy.		2014	4009199
maximal cardiac output during exercise in patients with coronary artery disease.		2014	4202449
isolated carpal synchondrosis of the scaphoid and trapezium. a case report.		2014	3968123
[early and midterm results of valve replacement with the björk-shiley convexo-concave valve].		2014	4078378
[as german nurse with a mountain tribe in thailand. 2. reentry into nursing work in a modern german hospital after a 12-year absence].		2014	3925228
monoclonal antibody and liposomes.		2014	3911220
scintigraphic diagnosis of hepatic hemangioma: its role in the management of hepatic mass lesions.	hepatic cavernous hemangiomas are benign tumors of the liver that are often an incidental finding. they are usually asymptomatic but may cause symptoms when traumatized, may bleed spontaneously, or may produce pain by virtue of their large size and mass effect. a retrospective analysis of the clinical presentation, liver function tests, and diagnostic imaging procedures in 20 patients with hepatic hemangiomas is presented and the literature is reviewed. the 20 patients had 27 mass lesions as see ...	2014	3895854
molecular characterization of serologically atypical provisional serovars of shigella isolates from kolkata, india.	during 2000-2004, 13 shigella strains that were untypable by commercially available antisera were isolated from children <5 years of age with acute diarrhoea in kolkata. these strains were subsequently identified as shigella dysenteriae provisional serovar 204/96 (n = 3), shigella dysenteriae provisional serovar e23507 (n = 1), shigella dysenteriae provisional serovar i9809-73 (n = 1), shigella dysenteriae provisional serovar 93-119 (n = 1), shigella flexneri provisional serovar 88-893 (n = 6) a ...	2014	25261061
[effect of streptomycin and of chlortetracycline on catalase and on certain dehydrases in escherichia coli and in shigella dysenteriae].		2014	24544605
chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of essential oil and extracts of tragopogon graminifolius, a medicinal herb from iran.	tragopogon graminifolius dc., family compositae, is widely consumed as a green vegetable in the west of iran and for the treatment of gastrointestinal and hepatic ailments. in this study, the chemical composition of the essential oil from t. graminifolius aerial parts was evaluated by gas chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. moreover, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and various extracts of t. graminifolius were determined. fifty-eight compounds rep ...	2014	24660479
isolation and molecular characterization of salmonella enterica, escherichia coli o157:h7 and shigella spp. from meat and dairy products in egypt.	foodborne pathogens are a major threat to food safety, especially in developing countries where hygiene and sanitation facilities are often poor. salmonella enterica, escherichia coli o157:h7 and shigella spp. are among the major causes of outbreaks of foodborne diseases. this large-scale study investigated the prevalence of these foodborne pathogens in meat (beef and chicken) and dairy products collected from street vendors, butchers, retail markets and slaughterhouses in egypt. a total of 1600 ...	2014	24239976
[effect of combined antibiotics of the tetracycline series with bacteriophage on shigella dysenteriae].		2014	24544824
[stability of changed properties of streptomycin-resistant strain of shigella flexneri after prolonged preservation].		2014	24544446
[biomycin and levomycethin in prevention and therapy of experimental dysenterial intoxication].		2014	24544304
[intramuscular administration of biomycin and terramycin in experimental dysenterial infection].		2014	24544302
comparison of anti-bacterial activity of three types of di-o-caffeoylquinic acids in lonicera japonica flowers based on microcalorimetry.	the anti-bacterial activities of three types of di-o-caffeoylquinic acids (dicqas) in lonicera japonica flowers, a traditional chinese medicine (tcm), on bacillus shigae growth were investigated and compared by microcalorimetry. the three types of dicqas were 3, 4-di-o-caffeoylquinic acid (3, 4-dicqa), 3, 5-di-o-caffeoylquinic acid (3, 5-dicqa), and 4, 5-di-o-caffeoylquinic acid (4, 5-dicqa). some qualitative and quantitative information of the effects of the three dicqas on metabolic power-time ...	2014	24636060
promotion of quality standard of herbal medicine by constituent removing and adding.	to identify major active constituents and measure their levels in a typical medicinal herb-rhizoma coptidis, we applied the concept of removing and adding, taking inspiration from functional genetic methods. as this herb has bacteriostatic properties and is used to treat bacterial diarrhea, we examined the effects of individual constituents (berberine, palmatine, coptisine, epiberberine, jateorrhizine and columbamine) on the growth of shigella dysenteriae with microcalorimetry. the removing and ...	2014	24413194
evaluation of an intragastric challenge model for shigella dysenteriae 1 in rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) for the pre-clinical assessment of shigella vaccine formulations.	shigellosis is a worldwide disease, characterized by abdominal pain, fever, vomiting, and the passage of blood- and mucus-streaked stools. rhesus monkeys and other primates are the only animals that are naturally susceptible to shigellosis. a suitable animal model is required for the pre-clinical evaluation of vaccines candidates. in this study, the minimal dose of shigella dysenteriae1 1617 strain required to produce dysentery in four of five (80% attack rate) monkeys using an escalating dose r ...	2014	24028276
synthesis of an aminooxy derivative of the trisaccharide globotriose gb3.	the synthesis of α-aminooxy trisaccharide moiety [α-d-gal-(1,4)-β-d-gal-(1,4)-β-d-glc-α-aminooxy], related to the cell surface globotriaosylceramide (gb3) receptor of the b subunit of the ab5 shiga toxin of shigella dysenteriae, has been synthesized for the first time in 11 steps with a 15% overall isolated yield. a highlight of this work entails utilizing chemically compatible synthetic transformations, including those related to glycosylation, incorporative of the succinimidyl moiety as a prec ...	2014	25382930
shigella dysenteriae modulates bmp pathway to induce mucin gene expression in vivo and in vitro.	mucosal epithelial cells in the intestine act as the first line of host defense against pathogens by increasing mucin production for clearance. despite this fact, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which shigella dysenteriae transduce mucin gene expression remain poorly defined. the goal of this study was to determine the role of bone morphogenetic protein (bmp) pathway in mucin gene expression during s. dysenteriae infection. in this study we demonstrate that s. dysenteriae activates bmp si ...	2014	25365201
shigella: a highly virulent and elusive pathogen.	despite a significant decrease in shigella-related mortality, shigellosis continues to carry a significant burden of disease worldwide, particularly in asia and africa. shigella is a highly virulent pathogen comprised of four major species with numerous subtypes. shigella dysenteriae and shigella flexneri infections are predominant in resource-limited settings. clinical presentations range from mild watery diarrhea to severe dysentery with systemic complications such as electrolyte imbalance, se ...	2014	25110633
genome sequencing, annotation and comparative genomic analysis of shigella dysenteriae strain sd1d.	shigellosis is an acute form of gastroenteritis caused by the bacteria belonging to the genus shigella. it is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in children. shigella belongs to the family enterobactericeae, which is a gram-negative and rod shaped bacterium. in the present study, we report the draft genome of shigella dysenteriae strain sd1d, which was isolated from the stool sample of a healthy individual.	2014	25028600
activity of antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory in compounds andrographolide salt.	andrographolide sulfonic acid sodium salt (ass) was synthesized to increase the the solubility of andrographolide in aqueous solution. we have studied its pharmacological effect of antibiosis, anti-inflammatory and immunoregulation. cylinder-plate method was used to study ass׳s in vitro antibacterial activity, and its protection for mice infected by staphylococcus aureus and shigella dysenteriae. various inflammation models, including the auricular edema induced by xylene in mice, cmc-na induced ...	2014	24998876
shigella isolates from the global enteric multicenter study inform vaccine development.	shigella, a major diarrheal disease pathogen worldwide, is the target of vaccine development. the global enteric multicenter study (gems) investigated burden and etiology of moderate-to-severe diarrheal disease in children aged <60 months and matched controls without diarrhea during 3 years at 4 sites in africa and 3 in asia. shigella was 1 of the 4 most common pathogens across sites and age strata. gems shigella serotypes are reviewed to guide vaccine development.	2014	24958238
passive immunity with multi-serotype heat-killed shigellae in neonatal mice.	the short- and long-term passive protective efficacy of a mixture of heat-killed cells of six serogroups/serotypes of shigella strains (shigella dysenteriae 1, s. flexneri 2a, s. flexneri 3a, s. flexneri 6, s. boydii 4, and s. sonnei) were studied in neonatal mice. neonatal mice from immunized dams exhibited significant short- and long-term passive protection against individual challenge by each of the six shigella strains. high igg and iga titers against the lipopolysaccharide from each of the ...	2014	24909404
antibacterial and antiviral evaluation of sulfonoquinovosyldiacylglyceride: a glycolipid isolated from azadirachta indica leaves.	assessment of antibacterial as well as antiherpes virus activity of sulfonoquinovosyldiacylglyceride (sqdg), a glycolipid, isolated from the leaves of azadirachta indica has been described. antimicrobial activity was evaluated against gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria and herpes simplex virus. sqdg showed significant inhibitory activity against salmonella typhi and two isolates of shigella dysenteriae with mic values 32 μg ml(-1) , while three isolates of salm. typhi, escherichia coli and vi ...	2014	24118020
an environmental escherichia albertii strain, dm104, induces protective immunity to shigella dysenteriae in guinea pig eye model.	the environmental escherichia albertii strain dm104, which cross-reacts serologically with shigella dysenteriae was assessed for pathogenic properties, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy in different animal models to evaluate it as a vaccine candidate against s. dysenteriae, which causes the severe disease, shigellosis. the dm104 isolate was found to be non-invasive and did not produce any entero- or cyto-toxins. the strain also showed negative results in the mouse lethal activity assay. th ...	2014	24452425
shiga toxin (stx) classification, structure, and function.	shiga toxin (stx) is one of the most potent bacterial toxins known. stx is found in shigella dysenteriae 1 and in some serogroups of escherichia coli (called stx1 in e. coli). in addition to or instead of stx1, some e. coli strains produce a second type of stx, stx2, that has the same mode of action as stx/stx1 but is antigenically distinct. because subtypes of each toxin have been identified, the prototype toxin for each group is now designated stx1a or stx2a. the stxs consist of two major subu ...	2014	25530917
shiga toxin-induced apoptosis is more efficiently inhibited by dimeric recombinant hybrid-igg/iga immunoglobulins than by the parental igg monoclonal antibodies.	shiga toxin 1 (stx1) is a virulence factor of enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli strains such as o157:h7 and shigella dysenteriae. to prevent entry of stx1 from the mucosal surface, an immunoglobulin a (iga) specific for stx1 would be useful. due to the difficulty of producing iga monoclonal antibodies (mab) against the binding subunit of stx1 (stx1b) in mice, we took advantage of recombinant technology that combines the heavy chain variable region from stx1b-specific igg1 mab and the fc region ...	2014	25469594
clinical isolates of shiga toxin 1a-producing shigella flexneri with an epidemiological link to recent travel to hispañiola.	shiga toxins (stx) are cytotoxins involved in severe human intestinal disease. these toxins are commonly found in shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 and shiga-toxin-producing escherichia coli; however, the toxin genes have been found in other shigella species. we identified 26 shigella flexneri serotype 2 strains isolated by public health laboratories in the united states during 2001-2013, which encode the shiga toxin 1a gene (stx1a). these strains produced and released stx1a as measured by cytotox ...	2014	25271406
proteomes of pathogenic escherichia coli/shigella group surveyed in their host environments.	proteomic studies on shigella dysenteriae, shigella flexneri, enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli and uropathogenic e. coli (upec) are reviewed. upec causes infections in the urogenital tract, whereas the other species colonize and, to varying degrees, invade the intestinal tract. type iii secretion systems used to breach the mucosal barrier by the intestinal pathogens revealed distinct expression patterns in different host environments. dynamic adaptations to changes in nutrient availability and ...	2014	25163594
shiga toxin (stx) classification, structure, and function.	shiga toxin (stx) is one of the most potent bacterial toxins known. stx is found in shigella dysenteriae 1 and in some serogroups of escherichia coli (called stx1 in e. coli). in addition to or instead of stx1, some e. coli strains produce a second type of stx, stx2, that has the same mode of action as stx/stx1 but is antigenically distinct. because subtypes of each toxin have been identified, the prototype toxin for each group is now designated stx1a or stx2a. the stxs consist of two major subu ...	2014	26904753
effect of shiga toxin and its subunits on cytokine induction in different cell lines.	shiga toxins (stxs) are bacterial virulence factors produced by shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 and escherichia coli strains. stxs are critical factors for the development of diseases such as severe bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome. additionally, stxs trigger the secretion of pro- inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, particularly in monocytes or macrophages. the inflammatory cytokines result in the modulation of the immune system, local inflammations and enhancement of cytotoxicit ...	2014	25035861
use of plant extracts to control and treat ab5 enterotoxin-related diarrhea.	plants contain a broad spectrum of small molecules with potential antimicrobial properties. here, we review the antimicrobial activities of plant extracts against enterotoxic bacteria encoding ab5 toxins, including vibrio cholerae, shigella dysenteriae and enterotoxic escherichia coli strains. several plant extracts have strong antimicrobial effects and the potential to boost oral rehydration therapy, which is the first line of treatment for acute diarrhea.	2014	25033656
new high-affinity monoclonal antibodies against shiga toxin 1 facilitate the detection of hybrid stx1/stx2 in vivo.	shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec) are a group of common and potentially deadly intestinal pathogens expressing shiga toxin (stx) as a primary virulence factor. of the two types of stx, stx2 is responsible for more severe symptoms during infection, while stx1 is almost identical to the shiga toxin from shigella dysenteriae, a ubiquitous pathogen in developing countries. although antibodies against stx1 have been reported, few have reached the affinity needed for assembling highly sensitive imm ...	2014	24914553
faecal pollution loads in the wastewater effluents and receiving water bodies: a potential threat to the health of sedibeng and soshanguve communities, south africa.	the discharge of untreated or inadequately treated effluents has been identified among the activities responsible for the spread of a wide range of potentially infectious agents. the aim of this study was to determine whether inadequate treatment of wastewater and the faecal pollution load of effluents and receiving water bodies in sedibeng district and soshanguve peri-urban area of the tshwane metropolitan municipality could be a potential threat to the health of the surrounding communities. va ...	2014	24838129
hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with acinetobacter hemolyticus.	shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli and shigella dysenteriae have been associated with bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus) in humans. however, there have been only a couple of reports describing bloody diarrhea associated with acinetobacter spp. and there are no reports of these bacteria causing hus in children. here, we report the case of a nine-month-old boy with bloody diarrhea who developed non-oliguric renal failure. the clinical and laboratory findings supported the diag ...	2014	24828697
rapid sanger sequencing of the 16s rrna gene for identification of some common pathogens.	conventional sanger sequencing remains time-consuming and laborious. in this study, we developed a rapid improved sequencing protocol of 16s rrna for pathogens identification by using a new combination of sybr green i real-time pcr and sanger sequencing with fta® cards. to compare the sequencing quality of this method with conventional sanger sequencing, 12 strains, including three kinds of strains (1 reference strain and 3 clinical strains, which were previously identified by biochemical tests) ...	2014	24551186
new cationic antimicrobial peptide screened from boiled-dried anchovies by immobilized bacterial membrane liposome chromatography.	an efficient immobilized bacterial membrane liposome chromatography method was used to screen potential antimicrobial peptides from boiled-dried anchovies. a novel cationic antimicrobial peptide (apep10) was successfully isolated by one-step chromatography. the sequence of apep10 was identified as glarclagtl by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (maldi-q-tof ms). the antimicrobial activity assessment indicated that apep10 inhibited the ...	2014	24499191
the preliminary assessment of anti-microbial activity of hplc separated components of kirkia wilmsii.	most communities in developing countries rely on traditional medicines for the treatment of diseases. in south africa, the limpopo province, within the lebowakgomo district, uses tuberous roots of kirkia wilmsii, after infusion in water for the treatment of a wide range of diseases by sotho communities.	2014	25371593
hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with clostridium difficile infection.	we report 3 cases of clostridium difficile-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus) with biopsy proven renal thrombotic microangiopathy. two patients with acute renal failure were kidney transplants recipients whereas the third patient developed renal failure in the native kidneys. the presentation was preceded by acute diarrhea and stool. clostridium difficile toxin was detected in all the 3 patients. stool studies were negative for escherichia coli, shigella dysenteriae and other enteric pat ...	2014	23320969
[key points in the neuropathological study of idiopathic parkinsonism].		2014	4897052
[clinical studies on activators and inhibitors of fibrinolysis in various internal diseases].		2014	4134263
parenteral aspirin for pain relief in day-case dental anaesthesia. a randomised double blind placebo controlled trial.	forty patients undergoing day-case anaesthesia for surgical extraction of third molar teeth received either lysine acetylsalicylate 1.8 g in 10 ml of saline intravenously or a placebo injection of 10 ml of saline intravenously just prior to induction of anaesthesia. lysine acetylsalicylate was associated with a significantly more satisfactory postoperative recovery overall. however, there was no significant difference in mean pain scores between the two treatment groups at 1, 6, 12 or 24 hours f ...	2014	3927764
evaluation of antibacterial and anthelmintic activities with total phenolic contents of piper betel leaves.	the study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial and anthelmintic activities and to determine total phenolic contents of methanolic extract of piper betel leaves.	2014	25386394
an in vitro antibacterial and antifungal effects of cadmium(ii) complexes of hexamethyltetraazacyclotetradecadiene and isomers of its saturated analogue.	to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal effects of cadmium(ii) complexes with hexamethyltetraazacyclotetradecadiene ligands.	2014	25312179
antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts of mentha longifolia l. and hydroalcoholic extract of zataria multiflora boiss. plants against important human pathogens.	to determine the potential antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts from mentha longifolia l. (m. longifolia) and hydroalcoholic extract of zataria multiflora boiss. (z. multiflora) against important human pathogens.	2014	25312118
antibacterial and antifungal activity of holothuria leucospilota isolated from persian gulf and oman sea.	emergence of antimicrobial resistance toward a number of conventional antibiotics has triggered the search for antimicrobial agents from a variety of sources including the marine environment.	2014	25147657
lethal synergy involving bicyclomycin: an approach for reviving old antibiotics.	one way to address the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance is to revive old compounds that may have intrinsic lethal activity that is obscured by protective factors. bicyclomycin is an old inhibitor of the rho transcription terminator that by itself shows little rapid lethal activity. however, bicyclomycin participates in bacteriostatic synergy, which raises the possibility that conditions for lethal synergy may exist, perhaps through a suppression of protective factors.	2014	25085655
genomic analysis of the emergence of 20th century epidemic dysentery.	shigella dysenteriae type 1 (sd1) causes recurrent epidemics of dysentery associated with high mortality in many regions of the world. sd1 infects humans at very low infectious doses (10 cfu), and treatment is complicated by the rapid emergence of antibiotic resistant sd1 strains. sd1 is only detected in the context of human infections, and the circumstances under which epidemics emerge and regress remain unknown.	2014	24886041
hijacking bacterial glycosylation for the production of glycoconjugates, from vaccines to humanised glycoproteins.	glycosylation or the modification of a cellular component with a carbohydrate moiety has been demonstrated in all three domains of life as a basic post-translational process important in a range of biological processes. this review will focus on the latest studies attempting to exploit bacterial n-linked protein glycosylation for glycobiotechnological applications including glycoconjugate vaccine and humanised glycoprotein production. the challenges that remain for these approaches to reach full ...	2014	25244672
total phenolic content and antibacterial activity of five plants of labiatae against four foodborne and some other bacteria.	the aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effects of thymus vulgaris, thymus caramanicus, zataria multiflora, ziziphora clinopodioides and ziziphora tenuior against four foodborne and four other bacteria including staphylococcus aureus, shigella dysenteriae, salmonella typhimurium, escherichia coli, staphylococcus epidermidis, bacillus subtilis, mrsa and pseudomona aeruginosa and measuring the amount of total phenolics of the plants. the extracts were prepared by maceration method. ...	2014	25237351
development and evaluation of an up-converting phosphor technology-based lateral flow assay for rapid detection of francisella tularensis.	francisella tularensis is a potential biowarfare/bioterrorism agent and zoonotic pathogen that causes tularemia; thus, surveillance of f. tularensis and first-level emergency response using point-of-care testing (poct) are essential. the upt-lf poct assay was established to quantitatively detect f. tularensis within 15 min, and the sensitivity of the assay was 10(4) cfu · ml(-1) (100 cfu/test). the linear quantitative range covered five orders of magnitude, and the coefficients of variation were ...	2015	26608358
antibacterial, antifungal, and insecticidal potentials of oxalis corniculata and its isolated compounds.	oxalis corniculata is a common medicinal plant widely used against numerous infectious diseases. the agrochemical potential of methanolic extract, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol fractions were assessed to measure the antibacterial, antifungal, and insecticidal activities of the plant. the crude, chloroform, and n-butanol soluble fractions showed excellent activities against escherichia coli, shigella dysenteriae, salmonella typhi, and bacillus subtilis but have no activity ag ...	2015	25873973
evaluation of anti-bacterial effects of some novel thiazole and imidazole derivatives against some pathogenic bacteria.	bacterial resistance to antibiotics has motivated the researchers to evaluate the novel anti-bacterial compounds such as some thiazole and imidazole derivatives. thereby, in this work, we investigated the anti-bacterial effects of one new thiazole and two new imidazole derivatives on bacillus cereus, listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, proteus mirabilis and shigella dysenteriae.	2015	26719785
a novel method for screening of potential probiotics for high adhesion capability.	to screen for potential probiotics with high adhesion capability, a chemostat model-based cultured human feces and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis methods were applied, and the adhesion capability of the isolates was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. lactobacillus plantarum (hm218749), lactobacillus reuteri (eu547310), and enterococcus faecalis (hm218543) were isolated from the slime on the chemostat wall, as these organisms could grow better at 37°c in an anaerobic environment and could r ...	2015	25912863
in vitro and in vivo examination of anticolonization of pathogens by lactobacillus paracasei fj861111.1.	very limited information exists on the exclusion of pathogens by probiotics in the gut of the host challenged with pathogens. in this study, we tested probiotic characteristics in vitro and anticolonization ability of lactobacillus paracasei fj861111.1 in mice infected with selected pathogenic microorganisms. the in vitro results indicated that l. paracasei fj861111.1 had a high survival in acidic conditions at ph 2.5 and bile salt concentration at 0.3%, and strong inhibition ability against com ...	2015	26254535
expression, purification and immunological characterization of recombinant shiga toxin a subunit.	shiga toxin family comprises toxins belonging to two major groups, stx1 and stx2, produced by the bacteria shigella dysenteriae and some strains of escherichia coli. shiga toxins are the leading cause of diarrhea associated with life threatening hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus). stxa is a ribosome inactivating protein (rip) which inhibits the protein synthesis in most species of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. an in vitro expression system has not been reported to produce full-length biological activ ...	2015	26282729
inhibition of pathogenic bacterial growth on excision wound by green synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles leads to accelerated wound healing activity in wistar albino rats.	an impaired wound healing is one of the major health related problem in diabetic and non-diabetic patients around the globe. the pathogenic bacteria play a predominant role in delayed wound healing, owing to interaction in the wound area. in our previous work we developed green chemistry mediated copper oxide nanoparticles using ficus religiosa leaf extract. in the present study we make an attempt to evaluate the anti-bacterial, and wound healing activity of green synthesized copper oxide nanopa ...	2015	26194977
expression, purification and immunological characterization of recombinant shiga toxin a subunit.	shiga toxin family comprises toxins belonging to two major groups, stx1 and stx2, produced by the bacteria shigella dysenteriae and some strains of escherichia coli. shiga toxins are the leading cause of diarrhea associated with life threatening hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus). stxa is a ribosome inactivating protein (rip) which inhibits the protein synthesis in most species of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. an in vitro expression system has not been reported to produce full- length biological acti ...	2015	26149398
synthesis, chiral separation, absolute configuration assignment, and biological activity of enantiomers of retro-1 as potent inhibitors of shiga toxin.	the shiga toxin (stx) family is composed of related protein toxins produced by the bacteria shigella dysenteriae and certain pathogenic strains of e. coli. no effective therapies for stx intoxication have been developed yet. however, inhibitors that act on the intracellular trafficking of these toxins may provide new options for the development of therapeutic strategies. this study reports the synthesis, chromatographic separation, and pharmacological evaluation of the two enantiomers of retro-1 ...	2015	26033849
prevalence of shiga toxin-producing shigella species isolated from french travellers returning from the caribbean: an emerging pathogen with international implications.	shiga toxins (stxs) are potent cytotoxins that inhibit host cell protein synthesis, leading to cell death. classically, these toxins are associated with intestinal infections due to stx-producing escherichia coli or shigella dysenteriae serotype 1, and infections with these strains can lead to haemolytic-uraemic syndrome. over the past decade, there has been increasing recognition that stx is produced by additional shigella species. we recently reported the presence and expression of stx genes i ...	2015	25980352
detection of e. coli o157:h7 and shigella dysenteriae toxins in clinical samples by pcr-elisa.	shiga toxin producing bacteria are potential causes of serious human disease such as hemorrhagic colitis, severe inflammations of ileocolonic regions of gastrointestinal tract, thrombocytopenia, septicemia, malignant disorders in urinary ducts, hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus). shiga toxin 1 (stx1), shiga toxin 2 (stx2), or a combination of both are responsible for most clinical symptoms of these diseases. a lot of methods have been developed so far to detect shiga toxins such as cell culture, el ...	2015	25911087
synthesis, density functional theory (dft), urease inhibition and antimicrobial activities of 5-aryl thiophenes bearing sulphonylacetamide moieties.	a variety of novel 5-aryl thiophenes 4a-g containing sulphonylacetamide (sulfacetamide) groups were synthesized in appreciable yields via pd[0] suzuki cross coupling reactions. the structures of these newly synthesized compounds were determined using spectral data and elemental analysis. density functional theory (dft) studies were performed using the b3lyp/6-31g (d, p) basis set to gain insight into their structural properties. frontier molecular orbital (fmos) analysis of all compounds 4a-g wa ...	2015	26556326
stx-producing shigella species from patients in haiti: an emerging pathogen with the potential for global spread.	shiga toxins (stx) are commonly produced by shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 and stx-producing escherichia coli. however, the toxin genes have been detected in additional shigella species. we recently reported the emergence of stx-producing shigella in travelers in the united states and france who had recently visited hispaniola (haiti and the dominican republic). in this study, we confirm this epidemiological link by identifying stx-producing shigella from haitian patients attending clinics near ...	2015	26484357
virulence variations in shigella and enteroinvasive escherichia coli using the caenorhabditis elegans model.	shigella species and enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) belong to the same species genetically, with remarkable phenotypic and genomic similarities. shigella is the main cause of bacillary dysentery with around 160 million annual cases, while eiec generally induces a milder disease compared to shigella. this study aimed to determine virulence variations between shigella and eiec using the nematode caenorhabditis elegans as a model host. caenorhabditis elegans killing- and bacterial colonizat ...	2015	25673655
antibacterial efficacy of five medicinal plants against multidrug-resistant enteropathogenic bacteria infecting under-5 hospitalized children.	to evaluate in vitro antibacterial effectiveness of five medicinal plants used by an indian aborigine, against 8 multidrug-resistant (mdr) enteropathogenic bacteria isolated from clinical samples of under-5 hospitalized children.	2015	25609371
shigella takes the temperature.	for bacteria, temperature is a fairly reliable cue for entry into a vertebrate host. many pathogenic bacteria sense elevated temperatures (37°c) and turn on virulence and metabolic genes appropriate for survival and growth within the host. a recent study demonstrated that the expression of a heme uptake protein in shigella dysenteriae and pathogenic escherichia coli was dependent on an rna thermometer.	2015	23851363
slow relaxation of shape and orientational texture in membrane gel domains.	gel domains in lipid bilayers are structurally more complex than fluid domains. growth dynamics can lead to noncircular domains with a heterogeneous orientational texture. most model membrane studies involving gel domain morphology and lateral organization assume the domains to be static. here we show that rosette shaped gel domains, with heterogeneous orientational texture and a central topological defect, after early stage growth, undergo slow relaxation. on a time scale of days to weeks domai ...	2015	26501924
novel strain of shigella dysenteriae serotype 7 from india.	we describe a strain of shigella dysenteriae serotype 7 which had novel biochemical and genetic characters. unlike other s. dysenteriae, it produced gas, fermented mannitol, was a late-lactose fermenter and harboured the set 1a and set 1b genes. the significance of such atypical strains is that they are difficult to identify. if such strains are missed, they could prove to be a serious public health problem because the infectious dose is very low and they may harbour integrons contributing to dr ...	2015	26442152
exoelectrogens leading to precise reduction of graphene oxide by flexibly switching their environment during respiration.	reduced graphene oxide (rgo) has been prepared by a simple, cost-effective, and green route. in this work, graphene oxide (go) has been reduced using gram-negative facultative anaerobe s. dysenteriae, having exogenic properties of electron transfer via electron shuttling. apparently, different concentrations of go were successfully reduced with almost complete mass recovery. an effective role of lipopolysaccharide has been observed while comparing rgo reduced by s. dysenteriae and s. aureus. it ...	2015	26288348
high mean water vapour pressure promotes the transmission of bacillary dysentery.	bacillary dysentery is an infectious disease caused by shigella dysenteriae, which has a seasonal distribution. external environmental factors, including climate, play a significant role in its transmission. this paper identifies climate-related risk factors and their role in bacillary dysentery transmission. harbin, in northeast china, with a temperate climate, and quzhou, in southern china, with a subtropical climate, are chosen as the study locations. the least absolute shrinkage and selectio ...	2015	25946209
prevalence of enteropathogenic bacteria in treated effluents and receiving water bodies and their potential health risks.	the failure of wastewater treatment plants to produce effluents of a high microbiological quality is a matter of great concern in terms of water resource pollution. a more serious concern is that this water source is used by communities in developing countries for multiple purposes, which include drinking, recreation and agriculture. the current study investigated the prevalence and potential health risks of enteropathogenic bacteria (salmonella typhimurium, shigella dysenteriae and vibrio chole ...	2015	25777950
the genome of shigella dysenteriae strain sd1617 comparison to representative strains in evaluating pathogenesis.	we sequenced and analyzed shigella dysenteriae strain sd1617 serotype 1 that is widely used as model strain for vaccine design, trials and research. a combination of next-generation sequencing platforms and assembly yielded two contigs representing a chromosome size of 4.34 mb and the large virulence plasmid of 177 kb. this genome sequence is compared with other shigella genomes in order to understand gene complexity and pathogenic factors.	2015	25743074
characterization of new myoviridae bacteriophage wz1 against multi-drug resistant (mdr) shigella dysenteriae.	shigella dysenteriae is a normal inhabitant of the human gastrointestinal tract, but sometimes it causes severe infection known as shigellosis (bacillary dysentery). bacteriophages are considered very safe and effective agents for controlling bacterial infections and contaminations. in this study, we describe the isolation and characterization of bacteriophage wz1, isolated from waste water which inhibits the growth of s. dysenteriae. phage wz1 showed maximum stability at 37 °c and was stable up ...	2015	25557472
molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant shigella spp. of food origin.	shigella spp. are the causative agents of food-borne shigellosis, an acute enteric infection. the emergence of multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of shigella presents an increasing challenge for clinicians in the treatment of shigellosis. several studies worldwide have characterized the molecular basis of antibiotic resistance in clinical shigella isolates of human origin, however, to date, no such characterization has been reported for shigella spp. of food origin. in this study, we characte ...	2015	25485847
characterization of indigenous lactobacillus strains for probiotic properties.	probiotics are defined as adequate amount of live microorganisms able to confer health benefits on the host. currently, most commercially available probiotic products in the market belong to genera lactobacillus. traditional dairy products are usually rich source of lactobacillus strains with significant health benefits. in order to evaluate the probiotic potential of these bacteria, it is essential to assess their health benefits, efficacy, and safety.	2015	25793099
safety and immunogenicity of a candidate bioconjugate vaccine against shigella dysenteriae type 1 administered to healthy adults: a single blind, partially randomized phase i study.	shigellae cause severe disease in endemic countries, especially in children. several efficacy trials have been conducted with candidate vaccines against shigellae, but the lack of protection, the safety concerns, or manufacturing challenges hindered successful market approval. conjugated vaccines have been shown to be safe and effective for different pathogens (i.e., neisseria meningitidis, shigella pneumonia, haemophilus influenzae). the bio-conjugation technology, exploited here for the shigel ...	2015	26162850
antimicrobial properties of a potential probiotic lactobacillus from thai newborn feces.	probiotics are increasingly used to treat infectious diarrhea and antibiotic-associated diarrhea. many probiotic bacteria are classified in general such as lactobacillus and are able to colonize the gastrointestinal tracts of infants.	2015	26817219
[blood groups - minuses and pluses. do the blood group antigens protect us from infectious diseases?].	human blood can be divided into groups, which is a method of blood classification based on the presence or absence of inherited erythrocyte surface antigens that can elicit immune response. according to the international society of blood transfusion, there are 341 blood group antigens collected in 35 blood group systems. these antigens can be proteins, glycoproteins or glycosphingolipids, and function as transmembrane transporters, ion channels, adhesion molecules or receptors for other proteins ...	2015	26206987