Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia: optimal treatment strategies. | community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is a common infectious disease that still causes substantial morbidity and mortality. elderly people are frequently affected, and several issues related to care of this condition in the elderly have to be considered. this article reviews current recommendations of guidelines with a special focus on aspects of the care of elderly patients with cap. the most common pathogen in cap is still streptococcus pneumoniae, followed by other pathogens such as haemophilus ... | 2011 | 21721597 |
| Bacterial infection profiles in lung cancer patients with febrile neutropenia. | ABSTRACT: | 2011 | 21707992 |
| [Fusobacterium necrophorum--cause of a mastoiditis with skull- and mandibular joint osteomyelitis]. | The typical clinical manifestation of an infection with the obligate anaerobic, gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria Fusobacterium necrophorum is the Lemierre syndrome. As the cause of osteomyelitis and mastoiditis factors of the normal bacteria flora are more likely to be found than Fusobacterium necrophorum. Nevertheless, Necrobacillosis is an important differential diagnosis of complicated courses of mastoiditis. | 2011 | 21713715 |
| Viability of respiratory pathogens cultured from nasopharyngeal swabs stored for up to 12 years at -70-¦C in skim milk tryptone glucose glycerol broth. | Nasopharyngeal carriage studies are needed to monitor changes in important bacterial pathogens in response to vaccination and antibiotics. The ability to store original specimens frozen in skim milk tryptone glucose glycerol broth (STGGB) allows additional studies to be conducted without the need for further expensive field collection. Although sub-cultured isolates remain viable in this medium for many years, limited data are available to indicate viability of relatively low numbers of organism ... | 2011 | 21736904 |
| Prediction of the pathogens that are the cause of pneumonia by the battlefield hypothesis. | Commensal organisms are frequent causes of pneumonia. However, the detection of these organisms in the airway does not mean that they are the causative pathogens; they may exist merely as colonizers. In up to 50% cases of pneumonia, the causative pathogens remain unidentified, thereby hampering targeting therapies. In speculating on the role of a commensal organism in pneumonia, we devised the battlefield hypothesis. In the "pneumonia battlefield," the organism-to-human cell number ratio may be ... | 2011 | 21909436 |
| monophosphoryl lipid a induced innate immune responses via tlr4 to enhance clearance of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis from the nasopharynx in mice. | acute otitis media (aom) is one of the most common infectious diseases in children. nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) and moraxella catarrhalis, gram-negative bacteria, are considered major pathogens of aom and respiratory tract infections. in this study, we used monophosphoryl lipid a (mpl) as a toll-like receptor (tlr4) agonist to induce innate immune responses before challenge with nthi and m. catarrhalis to enhance bacterial clearance from the nasopharynx. mice were intranasally admi ... | 2011 | 22092567 |
| Long-term azithromycin therapy in patients with severe COPD and repeated exacerbations. | The aim of this study was to determine whether long-term intermittent azithromycin therapy reduces the frequency of exacerbation in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). | 2011 | 22003290 |
| DISTRIBUTION AND SURFACTANT ASSOCIATION OF CARCINOEMBRYONIC CELL ADHESION MOLECULE 6 IN HUMAN LUNG. | Carcinoembryonic cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) is a glycosylated, GPI-anchored protein expressed in epithelial cells of various primate tissues. It binds gram-negative bacteria and is over-expressed in human cancers. CEACAM6 is associated with lamellar bodies of cultured type II cells of human fetal lung and protects surfactant function in vitro. In this study we characterized CEACAM6 expression in vivo in human lung. CEACAM6 was present in lung lavage of premature infants at birth and incr ... | 2011 | 22037359 |
| DISTRIBUTION AND SURFACTANT ASSOCIATION OF CARCINOEMBRYONIC CELL ADHESION MOLECULE 6 IN HUMAN LUNG. | Carcinoembryonic cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) is a glycosylated, GPI-anchored protein expressed in epithelial cells of various primate tissues. It binds gram-negative bacteria and is over-expressed in human cancers. CEACAM6 is associated with lamellar bodies of cultured type II cells of human fetal lung and protects surfactant function in vitro. In this study we characterized CEACAM6 expression in vivo in human lung. CEACAM6 was present in lung lavage of premature infants at birth and incr ... | 2011 | 22037359 |
| Rapid PCR detection of group A streptococcus from flocked throat swabs: a retrospective clinical study. | Rapid diagnosis of GAS pharyngitis may improve patient care by ensuring that patients with GAS pharyngitis are treated quickly and also avoiding unnecessary use of antibiotics in those without GAS infection. Very few molecular methods for detection of GAS in clinical throat swab specimens have been described. | 2011 | 21888649 |
| the effect of pneumococcal vaccination on nasopharyngeal carriage of s. pneumoniae, h. influenzae, m. catarrhalis, and s. aureus in fijian children. | the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv7) reduces carriage of vaccine type streptococcus pneumoniae but leads to replacement by non-vaccine serotypes and may affect carriage of other respiratory pathogens. we investigated nasopharyngeal carriage of s. pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and staphylococcus aureus in fijian infants participating in a pneumococcal vaccine trial using quantitative pcr. vaccination did not affect pathogen carriage rates or densities, w ... | 2011 | 22170924 |
| Potential role of chitinases and chitin-binding proteins in host-microbial interactions during the development of intestinal inflammation. | The small and large intestines contain an abundance of luminal antigens derived from food products and enteric microorganisms. The function of intestinal epithelial cells is tightly regulated by several factors produced by enteric bacteria and the epithelial cells themselves. Epithelial cells actively participate in regulating the homeostasis of intestine, and failure of this function leads to abnormal and host-microbial interactions resulting in the development of intestinal inflammation. Major ... | 2011 | 21938682 |
| diagnosis of tuberculosis by trained african giant pouched rats and confounding impact of pathogens and microflora of the respiratory tract. | trained african giant-pouched rats (cricetomys gambianus) can detect mycobacterium tuberculosis and show potential for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (tb). however, rats' ability to discriminate between clinical sputum containing other mycobacterium spp. and nonmycobacterial species of the respiratory tract is unknown. it is also unknown whether nonmycobacterial species produce odor similar to m. tuberculosis and thereby cause the detection of smear-negative sputum. sputum samples from 289 subjec ... | 2011 | 22135255 |
| Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Alloiococcus otitidis in young children in the era of pneumococcal immunization, Taiwan. | We applied a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and culture to detect Streptococcus pneumoniae and detected 3 other respiratory pathogens--Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Alloiococcus otitidis--simultaneously by PCR, in the nasopharynx of 386 children aged under 5 y. S. pneumoniae was the most common pathogen carried by children in all age groups, with the rate ranging from 15.8% in children aged 3-4 y to 28.6% in children aged 2-3 y. H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis sh ... | 2011 | 21892897 |
| what is causing active trachoma? the role of nonchlamydial bacterial pathogens in a low prevalence setting. | purpose. in low prevalence settings, clinically active follicular trachoma (tf) is often found in the absence of detectable chlamydia trachomatis. the reasons for this persistent follicular phenotype are not well understood; one possible explanation is that other bacterial species are provoking the inflammatory response. this study investigated the relationship between tf, c. trachomatis, and nonchlamydial bacterial infection. methods. a cross-sectional survey was conducted in a trachoma endemic ... | 2011 | 21693601 |
| infectious diseases in patients with irak-4, myd88, nemo, or i+¦b+¦ deficiency. | autosomal recessive irak-4 and myd88 deficiencies predispose affected patients to recurrent invasive pyogenic bacterial infection. both defects result in the selective impairment of cellular responses to toll-like receptors (tlrs) other than tlr3 and of cellular responses to most interleukin-1 receptors (il-1rs), including il-1r, il-18r, and il-33r. hypomorphic mutations in the x-linked nemo gene and hypermorphic mutations in the autosomal ikba gene cause x-linked recessive and autosomal dominan ... | 2011 | 21734245 |
| type iv pili in francisella - a virulence trait in an intracellular pathogen. | francisella tularensis is a highly virulent intracellular human pathogen that is capable of rapid proliferation in the infected host. mutants affected in intracellular survival and growth are highly attenuated which highlights the importance of the intracellular phase of the infection. genomic analysis has revealed that francisella encodes all genes required for expression of functional type iv pili (tfp), and in this focused review we summarize recent findings regarding this system in the patho ... | 2011 | 21687421 |
| bronchitis (acute). | acute bronchitis affects over 40/1000 adults a year in the uk. the causes are usually considered to be infective, but only around half of people have identifiable pathogens. the role of smoking or of environmental tobacco smoke inhalation in predisposing to acute bronchitis is unclear. one third of people may have longer-term symptoms or recurrence. methods and outcomes: we conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: what are the effects of treatments for a ... | 2011 | 21711957 |
| the luxs-dependent quorum sensing system regulates early biofilm formation by streptococcus pneumoniae strain d39. | streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of mortality in children worldwide and form highly organized biofilms in the nasopharynx, lungs and middle ear mucosa. the luxs-controlled quorum sensing (qs) system has recently been implicated in virulence and persistence in the nasopharynx, but its role in biofilms had not been studied. here, we show that this qs system plays a major role in controlling s. pneumoniae biofilm formation. our results demonstrate that the luxs gene is encoded by invas ... | 2011 | 21825061 |
| potential role of tigecycline in the treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. | tigecycline is a member of the glycylcycline class of antimicrobials, which is structurally similar to the tetracycline class. it demonstrates potent in vitro activity against causative pathogens that are most frequently isolated in patients with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (cabp), including (but not limited to) streptococcus pneumoniae (both penicillin-sensitive and -resistant strains), haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis (including +¦-lactamase-producing strains), klebs ... | 2011 | 21694911 |
| characterization of specific antibody deficiency in adults with medically refractory chronic rhinosinusitis. | specific antibody deficiency may predispose patients to recurrent respiratory tract infections. there is limited literature assessing specific antibody deficiency in chronic rhinosinusitis (crs). this study evaluated the role of specific antibody deficiency in patients with crs who have failed medical therapy. | 2011 | 21819760 |
| recombination and population structure in salmonella enterica. | salmonella enterica is a bacterial pathogen that causes enteric fever and gastroenteritis in humans and animals. although its population structure was long described as clonal, based on high linkage disequilibrium between loci typed by enzyme electrophoresis, recent examination of gene sequences has revealed that recombination plays an important evolutionary role. we sequenced around 10% of the core genome of 114 isolates of enterica using a resequencing microarray. application of two different ... | 2011 | 21829375 |
| a naturally occurring single residue mutation in the translocator domain of neisseria meningitidis nhha affects trimerization, surface localization and adhesive capabilities. | neisseria meningitidis nhha (neisseria hia/hsf homologue a) is an oligomeric outer membrane protein, belonging to the family of trimeric autotransporter adhesins. nhha mediates the interaction of n. meningitidis with human epithelial cells and components of the extracellular matrix. the recombinant protein is able to induce bactericidal antibodies and hence has also been considered as a potential vaccine candidate. in this study, we analyzed the production of nhha in a large panel of n. meningit ... | 2011 | 21844231 |
| temporal development of the humoral immune response to surface antigens of moraxella catarrhalis in young infants. | the primary moraxella catarrhalis-specific humoral immune response, and its association with nasopharyngeal colonization, was studied in a cohort of infants from birth to 2 years of age. results indicated that the levels of antigen-specific igg, iga and igm showed extensive inter-individual variability over time, with igm and iga levels to all 9 recombinant domains, from 7 different omps, being relatively low throughout the study period. in contrast, the level of antigen-specific igg was signifi ... | 2011 | 21704103 |
| topical curcumin can inhibit deleterious effects of upper respiratory tract bacteria on human oropharyngeal cells in vitro: potential role for patients with cancer therapy induced mucositis? | curcumin exerts its anti-inflammatory activity via inhibition of nuclear factor κb. oropharyngeal epithelia and residing bacteria closely interact in inflammation and infection. this in vitro model investigated the effects of curcumin on bacterial survival, adherence to, and invasion of upper respiratory tract epithelia, and studied its anti-inflammatory effect. we aimed to establish a model, which could offer insights into the host-pathogen interaction in cancer therapy induced mucositis. | 2011 | 20467756 |
| vaccine preventable community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized children in northwest china. | community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is a major cause of morbidity in industrialized countries and morbidity/mortality in developing countries. in china, comprehensive studies of the etiology of cap in children aged between 2 months and 14 years who are serious enough to require hospitalization are lacking. previous studies have been limited in child age range, focused on fatal cases, and/or limited in etiologies sought. an understanding of the etiologies is needed for development of best preventi ... | 2011 | 20625346 |
| innate signaling in otitis media: pathogenesis and recovery. | otitis media (om) is the most prevalent childhood disease in developed countries. involvement of innate immunity mediated by toll-like receptors (tlrs) in om has been implicated primarily in cell lines and by association studies of innate immune gene polymorphisms with om prevalence. however, the precise role of innate immunity in om is incompletely understood. we review recent research that has advanced our understanding of how innate immunity in the middle ear is mediated by the interaction of ... | 2011 | 21049294 |
| innate signaling in otitis media: pathogenesis and recovery. | otitis media (om) is the most prevalent childhood disease in developed countries. involvement of innate immunity mediated by toll-like receptors (tlrs) in om has been implicated primarily in cell lines and by association studies of innate immune gene polymorphisms with om prevalence. however, the precise role of innate immunity in om is incompletely understood. we review recent research that has advanced our understanding of how innate immunity in the middle ear is mediated by the interaction of ... | 2011 | 21049294 |
| characterization of a moraxella species that causes epistaxis in macaques. | bacteria of the genus moraxella have been isolated from a variety of mammalian hosts. in a prior survey of bacteria that colonize the rhesus macaque nasopharynx, performed at the tulane national primate research center, organisms of the moraxella genus were isolated from animals with epistaxis, or "bloody nose syndrome." they were biochemically identified as moraxella catarrhalis, and cryopreserved. another isolate was obtained from an epistatic cynomolgus macaque at the u.s. army medical resear ... | 2011 | 20667430 |
| risk factors for otitis media in children with special emphasis on the role of colonization with bacterial airway pathogens: the generation r study. | acute otitis media is the most frequent diagnosis in children visiting physicians' offices. risk factors for otitis media have been widely studied. yet, the correlation between bacterial carriage and the development of otitis media is not entirely clear. our aim was to study in a population-based prospective cohort the risk factors for otitis media in the second year of life with special emphasis on the role of colonization with streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella cata ... | 2011 | 20821039 |
| incidence of bacterial coinfection with respiratory syncytial virus bronchopulmonary infection in pediatric inpatients. | bacterial coinfection occurs in pediatric bronchopulmonary infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), but the incidence is uncertain. our subjects are 188 pediatric inpatients having rsv bronchopulmonary infection in two hospitals in chiba prefecture between 2005 and 2007. on admission, antigen detection kits using nasopharyngeal aspirate were performed to detect rsv infection and washed sputum bacterial culture was performed to detect bacterial infection. of the 188 pediatric inpat ... | 2011 | 20700753 |
| association between nasopharyngeal load of streptococcus pneumoniae, viral coinfection, and radiologically confirmed pneumonia in vietnamese children. | the interplay between nasopharyngeal bacterial carriage, viral coinfection, and lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) is poorly understood. we explored this association in vietnamese children aged less than 5 years. | 2011 | 20686433 |
| Protracted bacterial bronchitis in young children: association with airway malacia. | To examine associated findings and clinical outcome in young children with prolonged cough, wheeze, and/or noisy breathing in whom high colony counts of potentially pathogenic bacteria were cultured from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) during diagnostic flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy. | 2012 | 21868031 |
| Murine Model of Chronic Respiratory Inflammation. | The respiratory mucosa is exposed to the external environment each time we breathe and therefore requires a robust and sophisticated immune defense system. As with other mucosal sites, the respiratory mucosal immune system must balance its response to pathogens while also regulating inflammatory immune cell-mediated tissue damage. In the airways, a failure to tightly control immune responses to a pathogen can result in chronic inflammation and tissue destruction with an overzealous response bein ... | 2012 | 21842370 |
| a role for tlrs in moraxella-superantigen induced polyclonal b cell activation. | a number of microorganisms are capable of binding immunoglobulins (igs) in a manner, which excludes binding to conventional antigen binding sites. interaction of such bacterial proteins with surface immunoglobulins leads to polyclonal activation of b-lymphocytes. a recent example is moraxella catarrhalis that binds to b lymphocytes in an igd-dependent manner and induces proliferation and differentiation of b lymphocytes leading to the production of unspecific igs. the activation is mediated by m ... | 2012 | 22202107 |
| Defining the Roles of Human Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cellular Adhesion Molecules during Neutrophil Responses to Neisseria gonorrhoeae. | Symptomatic infection of humans with Neisseria gonorrhoeae is characterized by a neutrophil-rich cervical or urethral exudate, suggesting that neutrophils are important both for the clearance of these bacteria and for the pathogenesis of gonorrhea. Neisseria interacts with neutrophils through ligation of human carcinoembryonic antigen related-cellular adhesion molecules (CEACAMs) by their surface-expressed Opa proteins, resulting in bacterial binding, engulfment, and neutrophil activation. Multi ... | 2012 | 22064717 |
| respiratory disease in canadian first nations and inuit children. | first nations and inuit children are disproportionately affected by respiratory infections such as viral bronchiolitis, pneumonia and tuberculosis. rates of long-term lung disease following severe respiratory infections early in life, such as bronchiectasis, are also elevated. in contrast, rates of asthma may be somewhat less than in other canadian children, although rates of poor asthma control are increased. causes for the high rates of infections include poverty, overcrowding, housing in need ... | 2012 | 23904781 |
| identification of novel imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine inhibitors targeting m. tuberculosis qcrb. | mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major human pathogen and the causative agent for the pulmonary disease, tuberculosis (tb). current treatment programs to combat tb are under threat due to the emergence of multi-drug and extensively-drug resistant tb. through the use of high throughput whole cell screening of an extensive compound library a number of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (ip) compounds were obtained as potent lead molecules active against m. tuberculosis and mycobacterium bovis bcg. the ip inhib ... | 2012 | 23300833 |
| streptococcus pseudopneumoniae: an emerging respiratory tract pathogen. | streptococcus pseudopneumoniae a member of the viridans streptococci, is known to be associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and respiratory tract infections (rti). very scanty information is available on the isolation of s. pseudopneumoniae from india. hence, the present study was an attempt to isolate s. pseudopneumoniae from clinical samples and to study their drug resistance pattern. | 2012 | 23287138 |
| airway epithelial nf-κb activation promotes mycoplasma pneumoniae clearance in mice. | respiratory infections including atypical bacteria mycoplasma pneumoniae (mp) contribute to the pathobiology of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). mp infection mainly targets airway epithelium and activates various signaling pathways such as nuclear factor κb (nf-κb). we have shown that short palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone 1 (splunc1) serves as a novel host defense protein and is up-regulated upon mp infection through nf-κb activation in cultured human and mouse p ... | 2012 | 23285237 |
| indications, efficacy, and safety of intranasal corticosteriods in rhinosinusitis. | rhinosinusitis is a significant health problem, causing significant morbidity and resulting in considerable financial cost. some patients suffer persistent or recurrent symptoms despite receiving optimal medical and surgical treatment. rhinosinusitis can be acute or chronic, acute often due to viral or bacterial infections and chronic which is classified into chronic with nasal polyposids or chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyposis. the disease affects the quality of life significantly and ... | 2012 | 23268478 |
| bacterial and viral interactions within the nasopharynx contribute to the risk of acute otitis media. | to understand relationships between microbes in pathogenesis of acute otitis media during respiratory tract infections, we compared nasopharyngeal bacteria and respiratory viruses in symptomatic children with and without aom. | 2012 | 23266462 |
| bacterial and viral interactions within the nasopharynx contribute to the risk of acute otitis media. | to understand relationships between microbes in pathogenesis of acute otitis media during respiratory tract infections, we compared nasopharyngeal bacteria and respiratory viruses in symptomatic children with and without aom. | 2012 | 23266462 |
| [the comparative evaluation of informativity of methods of etiologic diagnostics of community-acquired pneumonia]. | the article deals with the results of selection and testing of oligonucleotide primers to gene 16s prn4 of a number of agents of community'-acquired pneumonia (streptococcus pneumoniae. haemorhilus influenzae. moraxella catarrhalis, klebsiella pneumonia. pseudomonas aeruginosa. staphyiococcus aureus) for their highly specified detection in clinical material on application of polymerase chain reaction. the comparison with bacteriological method (golden standard) is used to demonstrate the high se ... | 2012 | 23479972 |
| elastase/lps-exposed mice exhibit impaired innate immune responses to bacterial challenge: role of scavenger receptor a. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is an important bacterial pathogen associated with lower respiratory tract colonization and with acute exacerbations and disease progression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). why the immune system fails to eliminate nthi and the exact contribution of the organism to copd progression are not well understood, in part because we lack an animal model that mimics all aspects of copd. for this study, we used an established murine model that exhi ... | 2012 | 22079429 |
| in vitro antimicrobial studies of silver carbene complexes: activity of free and nanoparticle carbene formulations against clinical isolates of pathogenic bacteria. | silver carbenes may represent novel, broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents that have low toxicity while providing varying chemistry for targeted applications. here, the bactericidal activity of four silver carbene complexes (sccs) with different formulations, including nanoparticles (nps) and micelles, was tested against a panel of clinical strains of bacteria and fungi that are the causative agents of many skin and soft tissue, respiratory, wound, blood, and nosocomial infections. | 2012 | 21972270 |
| in vitro antimicrobial studies of silver carbene complexes: activity of free and nanoparticle carbene formulations against clinical isolates of pathogenic bacteria. | silver carbenes may represent novel, broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents that have low toxicity while providing varying chemistry for targeted applications. here, the bactericidal activity of four silver carbene complexes (sccs) with different formulations, including nanoparticles (nps) and micelles, was tested against a panel of clinical strains of bacteria and fungi that are the causative agents of many skin and soft tissue, respiratory, wound, blood, and nosocomial infections. | 2012 | 21972270 |
| genetic variant associations of human sp-a and sp-d with acute and chronic lung injury. | pulmonary surfactant, a lipoprotein complex, maintains alveolar integrity and plays an important role in lung host defense, and control of inflammation. altered inflammatory processes and surfactant dysfunction are well described events that occur in patients with acute or chronic lung disease that can develop secondary to a variety of insults. genetic variants of surfactant proteins, including single nucleotide polymorphisms, haplotypes, and other genetic variations have been associated with ac ... | 2012 | 22201752 |
| colistin-resistant, lipopolysaccharide-deficient acinetobacter baumannii responds to lipopolysaccharide loss through increased expression of genes involved in the synthesis and transport of lipoproteins, phospholipids, and poly-β-1,6-n-acetylglucosamine. | we recently demonstrated that colistin resistance in acinetobacter baumannii can result from mutational inactivation of genes essential for lipid a biosynthesis (moffatt jh, et al., antimicrob. agents chemother. 54:4971-4977). consequently, strains harboring these mutations are unable to produce the major gram-negative bacterial surface component, lipopolysaccharide (lps). to understand how a. baumannii compensates for the lack of lps, we compared the transcriptional profile of the a. baumannii ... | 2012 | 22024825 |
| Cloning and expression of a gene with phospholipase B activity from Pseudomonas fluorescens in Escherichia coli. | A gene from Pseudomonasfluorescens BIT-18 encoding a protein with phospholipase B activity (Pf-PLB) was cloned in E. coli BL21 (DE3). The open reading frame consists of 1272bp and potentially encodes a protein of 423 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 45.8kDa. The nucleotide sequence of Pf-PLB is 45%, 42%, 41%, 40%, 33%, and 31% identical to that of Bifidobacteriumanimals, Mycobacteriumparascrofulaceum, Acidobacteriumcapsulatum, Lactobacillusjohnsonii, Moraxellabovis, and Mo ... | 2012 | 22078969 |
| sequence, structure and functional diversity of pd-(d/e)xk phosphodiesterase superfamily. | proteins belonging to pd-(d/e)xk phosphodiesterases constitute a functionally diverse superfamily with representatives involved in replication, restriction, dna repair and trna-intron splicing. their malfunction in humans triggers severe diseases, such as fanconi anemia and xeroderma pigmentosum. to date there have been several attempts to identify and classify new pd-(d/e)kk phosphodiesterases using remote homology detection methods. such efforts are complicated, because the superfamily exhibit ... | 2012 | 22638584 |
| bronchoscopic findings in children with chronic wet cough. | objectives:protracted bacterial bronchitis is defined as the presence of more than 4 weeks of chronic wet cough that resolves with appropriate antibiotic therapy, in the absence of alternative diagnoses. the diagnosis of protracted bacterial bronchitis is not readily accepted within the pediatric community, however, and data on the incidence of bacterial bronchitis in children are deficient. the objective of this study was to determine the frequency of bacterial bronchitis in children with chron ... | 2012 | 22232311 |
| type iv fimbrial subunit protein apfa contributes to protection against porcine pleuropneumonia. | abstract: porcine pleuropneumonia caused by actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae accounts for serious economic losses in the pig farming industry worldwide. we examined here the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the recombinant type iv fimbrial subunit protein apfa as a single antigen vaccine against pleuropneumonia, or as a component of a multi-antigen preparation comprising five other recombinant antigens derived from key virulence factors of a. pleuropneumoniae (apxia, apxiia, apxiiia, apx ... | 2012 | 22240397 |
| antimicrobial activity of the investigational pleuromutilin compound bc-3781 tested against gram-positive organisms commonly associated with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections. | bc-3781 is a novel semi-synthetic pleuromutilin antimicrobial agent which is developed as an intravenous and oral therapy for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (absssi) and respiratory tract infections (rti). bc-3781 and comparator agents were tested against 1,893 clinical gram-positive organisms predominantly causing absssi by broth microdilution method. bc-3781 exhibited potent activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mic(50/90), 0.12/0.25 μg/ml), coagulas ... | 2012 | 22232289 |
| polymicrobial interactions: impact on pathogenesis and human disease. | summary: microorganisms coexist in a complex milieu of bacteria, fungi, archaea, and viruses on or within the human body, often as multifaceted polymicrobial biofilm communities at mucosal sites and on abiotic surfaces. only recently have we begun to appreciate the complicated biofilm phenotype during infection; moreover, even less is known about the interactions that occur between microorganisms during polymicrobial growth and their implications in human disease. therefore, this review focuses ... | 2012 | 22232376 |
| a pneumococcal gene complex involved in resistance to extracellular oxidative stress. | streptococcus pneumoniae is a gram-positive bacterium which is a member of the normal human nasopharyngeal flora but can also cause serious disease such as pneumonia, bacteremia and meningitis. throughout its lifecycle s. pneumoniae is exposed to significant oxidative stress derived from endogenously produced hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) and from the host through the oxidative burst. how s. pneumoniae, an aerotolerant anaerobic bacterium that lacks catalase, protects itself against hydrogen pero ... | 2012 | 22215735 |
| offense and defense: microbial membrane vesicles play both ways. | microbes have evolved over millennia to become adapted and specialized to the environments that they occupy. these environments may include water or soil, extreme environments such as hydrothermal vents, and can even include a host organism. to become adapted to these locations, microbes have evolved specific tools to mediate interactions with the environment. one such tool that prokaryotes have evolved includes the production of membrane vesicles (mvs). mvs are 10-300 nm spherical blebs derived ... | 2012 | 23123555 |
| relationship between oral anaerobic bacteria and otitis media with effusion. | in this study hypothesing the translocation of oral bacteria from oropharynx into the middle ear cavity may be involved in the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion (ome), we aimed to investigate the presence and similarity of fusobacterium nucleatum and treponema denticola in saliva, nasopharyngeal secretion and the middle ear effusion samples from the children with ome. | 2012 | 22606045 |
| acquisition of complement inhibitor serine protease factor i and its cofactors c4b-binding protein and factor h by prevotella intermedia. | infection with the gram-negative pathogen prevotella intermedia gives rise to periodontitis and a growing number of studies implies an association of p. intermedia with rheumatoid arthritis. the serine protease factor i (fi) is the central inhibitor of complement degrading complement components c3b and c4b in the presence of cofactors such as c4b-binding protein (c4bp) and factor h (fh). yet, the significance of complement inhibitor acquisition in p. intermedia infection and fi binding by gram-n ... | 2012 | 22514678 |
| capsule influences the deposition of critical complement c3 levels required for the killing of burkholderia pseudomallei via nadph-oxidase induction by human neutrophils. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis and is a major mediator of sepsis in its endemic areas. because of the low ld(50) via aerosols and resistance to multiple antibiotics, it is considered a tier 1 select agent by the cdc and aphis. b. pseudomallei is an encapsulated bacterium that can infect, multiply, and persist within a variety of host cell types. in vivo studies suggest that macrophages and neutrophils are important for controlling b. pseudomallei infections, howe ... | 2012 | 23251706 |
| experimental and natural infections in myd88- and irak-4-deficient mice and humans. | most toll-like-receptors (tlrs) and interleukin-1 receptors (il-1rs) signal via myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (myd88) and interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (irak-4). the combined roles of these two receptor families in the course of experimental infections have been assessed in myd88- and irak-4-deficient mice for almost fifteen years. these animals have been shown to be susceptible to 46 pathogens: 27 bacteria, eight viruses, seven parasites, and four fungi. humans with i ... | 2012 | 23255009 |
| role of sulfatide in normal and pathological cells and tissues. | sulfatide is 3-o-sulfogalactosylceramide that is synthesized by two transferases (ceramide galactosyltransferase and cerebroside sulfotransferase) from ceramide and is specifically degraded by a sulfatase (arylsulfatase a). sulfatide is a multifunctional molecule for various biological fields including the nervous system, insulin secretion, immune system, hemostasis/thrombosis, bacterial infection, and virus infection. therefore, abnormal metabolism or expression change of sulfatide could cause ... | 2012 | 22619219 |
| the role of tlr2 in infection and immunity. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) are recognition molecules for multiple pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. tlr2 forms heterodimers with tlr1 and tlr6, which is the initial step in a cascade of events leading to significant innate immune responses, development of adaptive immunity to pathogens and protection from immune sequelae related to infection with these pathogens. this review will discuss the current status of tlr2 mediated immune responses by recognition of pathogen-a ... | 2012 | 22566960 |
| bactquant: an enhanced broad-coverage bacterial quantitative real-time pcr assay. | bacterial load quantification is a critical component of bacterial community analysis, but a culture-independent method capable of detecting and quantifying diverse bacteria is needed. based on our analysis of a diverse collection of 16 s rrna gene sequences, we designed a broad-coverage quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) assay--bactquant--for quantifying 16 s rrna gene copy number and estimating bacterial load. we further utilized in silico evaluation to complement laboratory-based qpcr characte ... | 2012 | 22510143 |
| multilocus sequence typing of total-genome-sequenced bacteria. | accurate strain identification is essential for anyone working with bacteria. for many species, multilocus sequence typing (mlst) is considered the "gold standard" of typing, but it is traditionally performed in an expensive and time-consuming manner. as the costs of whole-genome sequencing (wgs) continue to decline, it becomes increasingly available to scientists and routine diagnostic laboratories. currently, the cost is below that of traditional mlst. the new challenges will be how to extract ... | 2012 | 22238442 |
| eurocin, a new fungal defensin: structure, lipid binding, and its mode of action. | antimicrobial peptides are a new class of antibiotics that are promising for pharmaceutical applications because they have retained efficacy throughout evolution. one class of antimicrobial peptides are the defensins, which have been found in different species. here we describe a new fungal defensin, eurocin. eurocin acts against a range of gram-positive human pathogens but not against gram-negative bacteria. eurocin consists of 42 amino acids, forming a cysteine-stabilized α/β-fold. the thermal ... | 2012 | 23093408 |
| nontypeable haemophilus influenzae genetic islands associated with chronic pulmonary infection. | haemophilus influenzae (hi) colonizes the human respiratory tract and is an important pathogen associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). bacterial factors that interact with the human host may be important in the pathogenesis of copd. these factors, however, have not been well defined. the overall goal of this study was to identify bacterial genetic elements with increased prevalence among h. influenzae strains isolated from patients with copd compared to those isolated from ... | 2012 | 22970300 |
| microbial carriage state of peripheral blood dendritic cells (dcs) in chronic periodontitis influences dc differentiation, atherogenic potential. | the low-grade oral infection chronic periodontitis (cp) has been implicated in coronary artery disease risk, but the mechanisms are unclear. in this study, a pathophysiological role for blood dendritic cells (dcs) in systemic dissemination of oral mucosal pathogens to atherosclerotic plaques was investigated in humans. the frequency and microbiome of cd19(-)bdca-1(+)dc-sign(+) blood myeloid dcs (mdcs) were analyzed in cp subjects with or without existing acute coronary syndrome and in healthy co ... | 2012 | 22891282 |
| a bcam0223 mutant of burkholderia cenocepacia is deficient in hemagglutination, serum resistance, adhesion to epithelial cells and virulence. | burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) bacteria are a problematic group of microorganisms causing severe infections in patients with cystic fibrosis. in early stages of infection, bcc bacteria must be able to adhere to and colonize the respiratory epithelium. although this is not fully understood, this primary stage of infection is believed to be in part mediated by a specific type of adhesins, named trimeric autotransporter adhesins (taas). these homotrimeric proteins exist on the surface of many g ... | 2012 | 22848588 |
| comparison of dna extraction methods for microbial community profiling with an application to pediatric bronchoalveolar lavage samples. | barcoded amplicon sequencing is rapidly becoming a standard method for profiling microbial communities, including the human respiratory microbiome. while this approach has less bias than standard cultivation, several steps can introduce variation including the type of dna extraction method used. here we assessed five different extraction methods on pediatric bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) samples and a mock community comprised of nine bacterial genera to determine method reproducibility and detect ... | 2012 | 22514642 |
| significance of the microbiome in obstructive lung disease. | the composition of the lung microbiome contributes to both health and disease, including obstructive lung disease. because it has been estimated that over 70% of the bacterial species on body surfaces cannot be cultured by currently available techniques, traditional culture techniques are no longer the gold standard for microbial investigation. advanced techniques that identify bacterial sequences, including the 16s ribosomal rna gene, have provided new insights into the depth and breadth of mic ... | 2012 | 22318161 |
| pulmonary bacterial communities in surgically resected noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis lungs are similar to those in cystic fibrosis. | background. recurrent bacterial infections play a key role in the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis, but conventional microbiologic methods may fail to identify pathogens in many cases. we characterized and compared the pulmonary bacterial communities of cystic fibrosis (cf) and non-cf bronchiectasis patients using a culture-independent molecular approach. methods. bacterial 16s rrna gene libraries were constructed from lung tissue of 10 non-cf bronchiectasis and 21 cf patients, followed by dna seq ... | 2012 | 22448327 |
| coagulase-negative staphylococcus, catheter-related, bloodstream infections and their association with acute phase markers of inflammation in the intensive care unit: an observational study. | to examine the relationship between the isolation of coagulase-negative staphylococcus in blood cultures and acute phase markers of inflammation. | 2012 | 24294276 |
| type iv pilin proteins: versatile molecular modules. | type iv pili (t4p) are multifunctional protein fibers produced on the surfaces of a wide variety of bacteria and archaea. the major subunit of t4p is the type iv pilin, and structurally related proteins are found as components of the type ii secretion (t2s) system, where they are called pseudopilins; of dna uptake/competence systems in both gram-negative and gram-positive species; and of flagella, pili, and sugar-binding systems in the archaea. this broad distribution of a single protein family ... | 2012 | 23204365 |
| performances of the vitek ms matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry system for rapid identification of bacteria in routine clinical microbiology. | rapid and cost-effective matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms)-based systems will replace conventional phenotypic methods for routine identification of bacteria. we report here the first evaluation of the new maldi-tof ms-based vitek ms system in a large clinical microbiology laboratory. this system uses an original spectrum classifier algorithm and a specific database designed for the identification of clinically relevant species. we have te ... | 2012 | 22593596 |
| Antibacterial spectrum and cytotoxic activities of serrulatane compounds from the Australian medicinal plant Eremophila neglecta. | Aims: To determine the antibacterial spectrum and cytotoxic activities of serrulatane compounds from the Australian plant Eremophila neglecta. Methods and Results: Antimicrobial activities of serrulatane compounds 8,19-dihydroxyserrulat-14-ene (1) and 8-hydroxyserrulat-14-en-19-oic acid (2) were tested against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria including human and veterinary pathogens and some multidrug-resistant isolates. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal ... | 2012 | 21988135 |
| comparison of the microflex lt and vitek ms systems for routine identification of bacteria by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. | this study compared the performance of three matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry systems: microflex lt (bruker daltonics, bremen, germany), vitek ms ruo (axima assurance-saramis database; biomérieux, marcy l'etoile, france), and vitek ms ivd (biomérieux). a total of 1,129 isolates, including 1,003 routine isolates, 73 anaerobes, and 53 bacterial enteropathogens, were tested on the microflex lt and axima assurance devices. the spectra were analyzed using t ... | 2012 | 22322345 |
| current concepts in laboratory testing to guide antimicrobial therapy. | antimicrobial susceptibility testing (ast) is indicated for pathogens contributing to an infectious process that warrants antimicrobial therapy if susceptibility to antimicrobials cannot be predicted reliably based on knowledge of their identity. such tests are most frequently used when the etiologic agents are members of species capable of demonstrating resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics. some organisms have predictable susceptibility to antimicrobial agents (ie, streptococcus pyogen ... | 2012 | 22386185 |
| microevolutionary analysis of clostridium difficile genomes to investigate transmission. | the control of clostridium difficile infection is a major international healthcare priority, hindered by a limited understanding of transmission epidemiology for these bacteria. however, transmission studies of bacterial pathogens are rapidly being transformed by the advent of next generation sequencing. | 2012 | 23259504 |
| genome sequence of moraxella catarrhalis rh4, an isolate of seroresistant lineage. | here we report the annotated genome sequence of moraxella catarrhalis strain rh4, a seroresistant-lineage strain isolated from the blood of an infected patient. this genome sequence will allow us to gain further insight into the genetic diversity of clinical m. catarrhalis isolates and will facilitate study of m. catarrhalis pathogenesis. | 2012 | 23209224 |
| adaptive and mutational resistance: role of porins and efflux pumps in drug resistance. | the substantial use of antibiotics in the clinic, combined with a dearth of new antibiotic classes, has led to a gradual increase in the resistance of bacterial pathogens to these compounds. among the various mechanisms by which bacteria endure the action of antibiotics, those affecting influx and efflux are of particular importance, as they limit the interaction of the drug with its intracellular targets and, consequently, its deleterious effects on the cell. this review evaluates the impact of ... | 2012 | 23034325 |
| prospective evaluation of a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry system in a hospital clinical microbiology laboratory for identification of bacteria and yeasts: a bench-by-bench study for assessing the impact on time to identification and cost-effectiveness. | matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) has been found to be an accurate, rapid, and inexpensive method for the identification of bacteria and yeasts. previous evaluations have compared the accuracy, time to identification, and costs of the maldi-tof ms method against standard identification systems or commercial panels. in this prospective study, we compared a protocol incorporating maldi-tof ms (maldi protocol) with the current standard ident ... | 2012 | 22855510 |
| antimicrobial activities of fidaxomicin. | fidaxomicin is bactericidal against clostridium difficile. the combined results of 8 in vitro studies of 1323 c. difficile isolates showed the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) range of fidaxomicin to be ≤ 0.001-1 μg/ml, with a maximum mic for inhibition of 90% of organisms (mic(90)) of 0.5 μg/ml. isolates from 2 phase iii clinical trials demonstrated that fidaxomicin mics of baseline isolates did not predict clinical cure, failure, or recurrence of c. difficile infections. no resistance to ... | 2012 | 22752863 |
| first comprehensive evaluation of the m.i.c. evaluator device compared to etest and clsi reference dilution methods for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of clinical strains of anaerobes and other fastidious bacterial species. | the new m.i.c. evaluator strip uses test methodology and the recording of results that are similar to those of etest. for this first assessment, 102 clinical strains of anaerobic bacteria from 12 genera and 155 strains from 7 genera and 8 species of fastidious bacteria were tested by m.i.c. evaluator, etest, and agar dilution or broth microdilution as a reference standard. ampicillin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, imipenem, levofloxacin, metronida ... | 2012 | 22238439 |
| a preliminary study of pneumonia etiology among hospitalized children in kenya. | pneumonia is the leading cause of childhood death in the developing world. higher-quality etiological data are required to reduce this mortality burden. | 2012 | 22403235 |
| antibacterial and antifungal activities of new acylated derivatives of epigallocatechin gallate. | (-)-epigallocatechin-3-o-gallate (egcg) has useful antiviral, antimicrobial, antitoxin, and antitumor properties. previously, mori et al. (2008) found that addition of long acyl chains (c16-18) to egcg enhanced its anti-influenza virus activity up to 44-fold. the chemical stability of egcg against oxidative degradation was also enhanced by acylation. we further evaluated the in vitro activity spectrum of the egcg derivatives against a wide range of bacteria and fungi. a series of egcg o-acyl der ... | 2012 | 22355295 |
| yersinia infection tools-characterization of structure and function of adhesins. | among the seventeen species of the gram-negative genus yersinia, three have been shown to be virulent and pathogenic to humans and animals-y. enterocolitica, y. pseudotuberculosis, and y. pestis. in order to be so, they are armoured with various factors that help them adhere to tissues and organelles, cross the cellular barrier and escape the immune system during host invasion. the group of proteins that mediate pathogen-host interactions constitute adhesins. invasin, ail, yada, yadb, yadc, pla, ... | 2012 | 23316485 |
| yersinia infection tools-characterization of structure and function of adhesins. | among the seventeen species of the gram-negative genus yersinia, three have been shown to be virulent and pathogenic to humans and animals-y. enterocolitica, y. pseudotuberculosis, and y. pestis. in order to be so, they are armoured with various factors that help them adhere to tissues and organelles, cross the cellular barrier and escape the immune system during host invasion. the group of proteins that mediate pathogen-host interactions constitute adhesins. invasin, ail, yada, yadb, yadc, pla, ... | 2012 | 23316485 |
| influence of bacterial interactions on pneumococcal colonization of the nasopharynx. | streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is a common commensal inhabitant of the nasopharynx and a frequent etiologic agent in serious diseases such as pneumonia, otitis media, bacteremia, and meningitis. multiple pneumococcal strains can colonize the nasopharynx, which is also home to many other bacterial species. intraspecies and interspecies interactions influence pneumococcal carriage in important ways. co-colonization by two or more pneumococcal strains has implications for vaccine serot ... | 2012 | 23273566 |
| influence of bacterial interactions on pneumococcal colonization of the nasopharynx. | streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is a common commensal inhabitant of the nasopharynx and a frequent etiologic agent in serious diseases such as pneumonia, otitis media, bacteremia, and meningitis. multiple pneumococcal strains can colonize the nasopharynx, which is also home to many other bacterial species. intraspecies and interspecies interactions influence pneumococcal carriage in important ways. co-colonization by two or more pneumococcal strains has implications for vaccine serot ... | 2012 | 23273566 |
| asthma-associated differences in microbial composition of induced sputum. | it is increasingly evident that microbial colonization of the respiratory tract might have a role in the pathogenesis of asthma. | 2012 | 23265859 |
| asthma-associated differences in microbial composition of induced sputum. | it is increasingly evident that microbial colonization of the respiratory tract might have a role in the pathogenesis of asthma. | 2012 | 23265859 |
| association between early bacterial carriage and otitis media in aboriginal and non-aboriginal children in a semi-arid area of western australia: a cohort study. | streptococcus pneumoniae (pnc), nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) and moraxella catarrhalis (mcat) are the most important bacterial pathogens associated with otitis media (om). previous studies have suggested that early upper respiratory tract (urt) bacterial carriage may increase risk of subsequent om. we investigated associations between early onset of urt bacterial carriage and subsequent diagnosis of om in aboriginal and non-aboriginal children living in the kalgoorlie-boulder region ... | 2012 | 23256870 |
| 16s rrna terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism for the characterization of the nasopharyngeal microbiota. | a novel non-culture based 16s rrna terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (t-rflp) method using the restriction enzymes tsp509i and hpy166ii was developed for the characterization of the nasopharyngeal microbiota and validated using recently published 454 pyrosequencing data. 16s rrna gene t-rflp for 153 clinical nasopharyngeal samples from infants with acute otitis media (aom) revealed 5 tsp509i and 6 hpy166ii terminal fragments (tfs) with a prevalence of >10%. cloning and sequencing ... | 2012 | 23284951 |
| post-transfusion purpura in an african-american man due to human platelet antigen-5b alloantibody: a case report. | 2012 | 23234542 | |
| rhinosinusitis in children. | rhinosinusitis is the inflammation of the mucous membranes of nose and paranasal sinus(es). 5-13% of upper respiratory tract infections in children complicate into acute rhinosinusitis. though not life threatening, it profoundly affects child's school performance and sleep pattern. if untreated, it could progress to chronic rhinosinusitis (crs). the pathogens involved in perpetuation of crs consist of multidrug-resistant mixed microflora. crs is challenging to manage and could further extend to ... | 2012 | 23762621 |
| development of a lacz-based transcriptional reporter system for use with moraxella catarrhalis. | the lack of a transcriptional reporter system for use in moraxella catarrhalis has hindered studies of gene regulation in this pathogen. pcr and recombinant dna methods were used to insert a multicloning site (mcs) and promoterless full-length escherichia coli lacz gene, flanked by transcriptional terminators both immediately upstream and downstream, into the m. catarrhalis recombinant plasmid pww115. insertion into the mcs in the newly constructed plasmid pase222 of m. catarrhalis promoter regi ... | 2012 | 23219721 |
| development of a lacz-based transcriptional reporter system for use with moraxella catarrhalis. | the lack of a transcriptional reporter system for use in moraxella catarrhalis has hindered studies of gene regulation in this pathogen. pcr and recombinant dna methods were used to insert a multicloning site (mcs) and promoterless full-length escherichia coli lacz gene, flanked by transcriptional terminators both immediately upstream and downstream, into the m. catarrhalis recombinant plasmid pww115. insertion into the mcs in the newly constructed plasmid pase222 of m. catarrhalis promoter regi ... | 2012 | 23219721 |
| complete fiber structures of complex trimeric autotransporter adhesins conserved in enterobacteria. | trimeric autotransporter adhesins (taas) are modular, highly repetitive surface proteins that mediate adhesion to host cells in a broad range of gram-negative pathogens. although their sizes may differ by more than one order of magnitude, they all follow the same basic head-stalk-anchor architecture, where the head mediates adhesion and autoagglutination, the stalk projects the head from the bacterial surface, and the anchor provides the export function and attaches the adhesin to the bacterial ... | 2012 | 23213248 |
| thin-section ct findings in pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary infection. | the aim of this study was to assess clinical and pulmonary thin-section ct findings in patients with acute pseudomonas aeruginosa (pa) pulmonary infection. | 2012 | 22844034 |