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a bacterium against the tiger: preliminary evidence of fertility reduction after release of aedes albopictus males with manipulated wolbachia infection in an italian urban area.novel tools are needed to reduce the nuisance and risk of exotic arbovirus transmission associated with the colonization of temperate regions by aedes albopictus. the incompatible insect technique (iit) is a population suppression approach based on cytoplasmic incompatibility between males with manipulated endosymbionts and wild females. here, we present the results of the first field experiment in europe to assess the capacity of an ae. albopictus line (arwp) deprived of its natural endosymbion ...201931603613
[exanthema after travel abroad].in view of globalization and the associated transport of goods as well as rising travel activity, imported infections with subtropical and tropical pathogens are increasing in germany. in returning travelers presenting with fever, general symptoms and skin rash, a number of diseases need to be considered. the clinical appearance of the skin rash, accurate travel history and epidemiological information on country-specific risks are helpful in making the correct diagnosis. in this article we provi ...201931598746
aedes albopictus body size differs across neighborhoods with varying infrastructural abandonment.mosquitoes pose an increasing risk in urban landscapes, where spatial heterogeneity in juvenile habitat can influence fine-scale differences in mosquito density and biting activity. we examine how differences in juvenile mosquito habitat along a spectrum of urban infrastructure abandonment can influence the adult body size of the invasive tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus (skuse) (diptera: culicidae). adult ae. albopictus were collected across 3 yr (2015-2017) from residential blocks in baltimore ...201931584098
field trials to evaluate the effectiveness of the biogents®-sweetscent lure in combination with several commercial mosquito traps and to assess the effectiveness of the biogents-mosquitaire trap with and without carbon dioxide.a series of field experiments was conducted in florida, california, and louisiana in order to investigate whether adding the biogents® (bg)-sweetscent lure to several commercially available mosquito traps increases their aedes albopictus catch rates and to evaluate the bg-mosquitaire trap with and without co2. adding the bg-sweetscent to the skeetervac bite-guard sve6211, mosclean uv led (ultraviolet light-emitting diode), flowtron® galaxie pv 75, dynatrap® dt2000xl, bite shield protector, and b ...201931442187
complex interplay of evolutionary forces shaping population genomic structure of invasive aedes albopictus in southern europe.in the last four decades, the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus, vector of several human arboviruses, has spread from its native range in south-east asia to all over the world, largely through the transportation of its eggs via the international trade in used tires. albania was the first country invaded in europe in 1979, followed by italy in 1990 and other mediterranean countries after 2000.201931437154
enhancing attraction of the vector mosquito aedes albopictus by using a novel synthetic odorant blend.the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus, an increasingly relevant arboviral vector, has spread worldwide. however, currently available tools are limited in terms of effective monitoring of vector populations and accurate determination of the extent of viral transmission, especially before and during outbreaks. therefore, it is essential to develop novel monitoring and surveillance tools, particularly those that target adult mosquitoes and enhance the trapping efficiency for ae. albopictus.201931362759
tiger in the sun: a report of aedes albopictus in jamaica.this report describes the presence of aedes albopictus (skuse) in jamaica. the adults were found while conducting an ongoing survey of mosquitoes on the island. specimens were collected using a combination of modified center for disease control (cdc) miniature light traps and bg sentinel traps. a total of six adult female ae. albopictus mosquitoes were collected at two different locations in october of 2018. this finding increases the number of aedes mosquito species on the island bringing with ...201931351894
cold adaptation in the asian tiger mosquito's native range precedes its invasion success in temperate regions.adaptation to environmental conditions within the native range of exotic species can condition the invasion success of these species outside their range. the striking success of the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus, to invade temperate regions has been attributed to the winter survival of diapause eggs in cold environments. in this study, we evaluate genetic polymorphisms (snps) and wing morphometric variation among three biogeographical regions of the native range of a. albopictus. recons ...201931313825
tolerance of three aedes albopictus strains (diptera: culicidae) from different geographical origins towards winter temperatures under field conditions in northern germany.the continuing spread of the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus, a vector of many arboviruses and some dirofilarial worms, in europe calls for advanced investigations on its ecological ability to establish and overwinter in temperate, more northern geographic regions. to meet this purpose, eggs of ae. albopictus laboratory strains of tropical, subtropical and temperate origin were exposed to field conditions during one or two winter seasons in northeastern germany. after 1 to 16 weeks of outd ...201931310645
potential effects of heat waves on the population dynamics of the dengue mosquito aedes albopictus.extreme weather events affect the development and survival of disease pathogens and vectors. our aim was to investigate the potential effects of heat waves on the population dynamics of asian tiger mosquito (aedes albopictus), which is a major vector of dengue and zika viruses. we modeled the population abundance of blood-fed mosquito adults based on a mechanistic population model of ae. albopictus with the consideration of diapause. using simulated heat wave events derived from a 35-year histor ...201931276467
first detection of the asian tiger mosquito, aedes (stegomyia) albopictus (diptera: culicidae), in tunisia.aedes albopictus (skuse) is a widespread invasive mosquito vector species with a distribution including tropical and temperate climates; its range is still expanding. aedes albopictus populations were recently detected in morocco and algeria, the countries neighboring tunisia, but never in tunisia. in 2018, we initiated an intensive field study using bg-sentinel traps, ovitraps, larval surveys, and citizens' reports to determine whether ae. albopictus populations exist in tunisia. in october 201 ...201931220308
microclimate and larval habitat density predict adult aedes albopictus abundance in urban areas.the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus, transmits several arboviruses of public health importance, including chikungunya and dengue. since its introduction to the united states in 1985, the species has invaded more than 40 states, including temperate areas not previously at risk of aedes-transmitted arboviruses. mathematical models incorporate climatic variables in predictions of site-specific ae. albopictus abundances to identify human populations at risk of disease. however, these models r ...201931190685
on lifestyle trends, health and mosquitoes: formulating welfare levels for control of the asian tiger mosquito in greece.the expansion of urban ecosystems and climate change, both outcomes of massive lifestyle changes, contribute to a series of side effects such as environmental deterioration, spread of diseases, increased greenhouse gas emissions and introduction of invasive species. in the case of the athens metropolitan area, an invasive mosquito species-the asian tiger mosquito (aedes albopictus)-has spread widely in the last decade. this spread is favoured within urban environments and is also affected by cha ...201931163025
exploring public preferences, priorities, and policy perspectives for controlling invasive mosquito species in greece.climate change, urbanization, and financial crisis have created a dramatic mixture of challenges in southern europe, increasing further the risks of transmission of new vector-borne diseases. in the last decade, there has been a wide spread of an invasive mosquito species aedes albopictus, commonly known as the asian tiger mosquito, in various urban ecosystems of greece accompanied by greater risks of infectious diseases, higher nuisance levels, and increased expenses incurred for their control. ...201931109075
human, nonhuman primate, and bat cells are broadly susceptible to tibrovirus particle cell entry.in 2012, the genome of a novel rhabdovirus, bas-congo virus (basv), was discovered in the acute-phase serum of a congolese patient with presumed viral hemorrhagic fever. in the absence of a replicating virus isolate, fulfilling koch's postulates to determine whether basv is indeed a human virus and/or pathogen has been impossible. however, experiments with vesiculoviral particles pseudotyped with bas-congo glycoprotein suggested that basv particles can enter cells from multiple animals, includin ...201931105663
the first molecular and phenotypic characterization of the invasive population of aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) from the central balkans.aedes (stegomya) albopictus (skuse 1984), the asian tiger mosquito, represents the most invasive and one of the medically most important mosquito vectors. although native to south east asia, the species has recently spread globally, and was registered in the city of novi sad (serbia, central balkans) in august 2018. we characterized the invasive population using phenotypic (wing size and shape) and molecular (nuclear, internal transcribed spacer 2- its2, and mitochondrial, cytochrome c oxidase s ...201931100120
fat body-specific vitellogenin expression regulates host-seeking behaviour in the mosquito aedes albopictus.the high vector competence of mosquitoes is intrinsically linked to their reproductive strategy because females need a vertebrate blood meal to develop large batches of eggs. however, the molecular mechanisms and pathways regulating mosquito host-seeking behaviour are largely unknown. here, we test whether host-seeking behaviour may be linked to the female's energy reserves, with low energy levels triggering the search for a nutrient-rich blood meal. our results demonstrate that sugar feeding de ...201931071075
[invasive mosquitoes in switzerland: current situation].switzerland is now home to three invasive alien mosquito species: aedes albopictus (tiger mosquito), ae. japonicus (japanese mosquito) and ae. koreicus (korean mosquito). the most important is the tiger mosquito that arrived in ticino in 2003. active during the day, it is known to be the vector of dengue fever, chikungunya, zika virus and filaria of the genus dirofilaria. since 2013 it has been discovered in north of the alps. its progress continues and it will soon reach french-speaking switzer ...201931050237
simplification of vector communities during suburban succession.suburbanization is happening rapidly on a global scale, resulting in changes to the species assemblages present in previously undeveloped areas of land. community-level changes after anthropogenic land-use change have been studied in a variety of organisms, but the effects on arthropods of medical and veterinary importance remain poorly characterized. shifts in diversity, abundance, and community composition of such arthropods, like mosquitoes, can significantly impact vector-borne disease dynam ...201931042734
gamma radiation sterilization dose of adult males in asian tiger mosquito pupae.the pathogen-carrying tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus, has spread from the western pacific and southeast asia to europe, africa, the middle east, north and south america, and the caribbean. this species of mosquito transmits arboviral infections, such as yellow fever, chikungunya, dengue, zika, and several encephalitides. the objective of this research was to provide a radiation dose inducing sterilization in adult male ae. albopictus in the pupal stage. a cobalt-60 source of gamma radiation at ...201930965594
limited risk of zika virus transmission by five aedes albopictus populations from spain.aedes albopictus, the asian tiger mosquito, is an exotic invasive species in europe. it has substantial public health relevance due to its potential role in transmitting several human pathogens. out of the european countries, spain has one of the highest risk levels of autochthonous arbovirus transmission due to both the high density of ae. albopictus and the extensive tourist influx from vector-endemic areas. this study aims to investigate the susceptibility of five ae. albopictus populations f ...201930922370
two of the three transformer-2 genes are required for ovarian development in aedes albopictus.in drosophila melanogaster, transformer-2 (tra2) plays an essential role in the sex-specific splicing of doublesex (dsx) and fruitless (fru), two key transcription factor genes that program sexual differentiation and regulate sexual behavior. in the present study, the sequences and expression profiles of three tra2 (aalbtra2) genes in the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus (ae. albopictus) were characterized. phylogenetic analysis revealed that these paralogs resulted from two duplication ev ...201930914323
the role of temperature in affecting carry-over effects and larval competition in the globally invasive mosquito aedes albopictus.ectotherms, like mosquitoes, have evolved specific responses to variation in environmental conditions like temperature, and these responses could confer a fitness benefit or cost when carried-over to different life stages. however, effects of temperature on animals with complex life-cycles often only focus on part of their life-cycle, or only consider how single aspects of life-history may carry over to new stages. herein we investigated how temperature affects intraspecific larval competition a ...201930890161
monitoring of alien mosquitoes of the genus aedes (diptera: culicidae) in austria.systematic, continuous mosquito surveillance is considered the most reliable tool to predict the spread and establishment of alien mosquito species such as the asian tiger mosquito (aedes albopictus), japanese bush mosquito (aedes japonicus), and the transmission risk of mosquito-borne arboviruses to humans. only single individuals of ae. albopictus have been found in austria so far. however, it is likely that the species will be able to establish populations in the future due to global trade an ...201930877440
the uk's suitability for aedes albopictus in current and future climates.the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus is able to transmit various pathogens to humans and animals and it has already caused minor outbreaks of dengue and chikungunya in southern europe. alarmingly, it is spreading northwards and its eggs have been found in the uk in 2016 and 2017. climate-driven models can help to analyse whether this originally subtropical species could become established in northern europe. but so far, these models have not considered the impact of the diurnal temperature ...201930862279
unravelling the invasion history of the asian tiger mosquito in europe.multiple introductions are key features for the establishment and persistence of introduced species. however, little is known about the contribution of genetic admixture to the invasive potential of populations. to address this issue, we studied the recent invasion of the asian tiger mosquito (aedes albopictus) in europe. combining genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms and historical knowledge using an approximate bayesian computation framework, we reconstruct the colonization routes and e ...201930849200
insights into an unexplored component of the mosquito repeatome: distribution and variability of viral sequences integrated into the genome of the arboviral vector aedes albopictus.the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus is an invasive mosquito and a competent vector for public-health relevant arboviruses such as chikungunya (alphavirus), dengue and zika (flavivirus) viruses. unexpectedly, the sequencing of the genome of this mosquito revealed an unusually high number of integrated sequences with similarities to non-retroviral rna viruses of the flavivirus and rhabdovirus genera. these non-retroviral integrated rna virus sequences (nirvs) are enriched in pirna clusters a ...201930809249
[local extinction of the asian tiger mosquito (aedes albopictus) following rat eradication on palmyra atoll by lafferty kd, mclaughlin jp, gruner ds, et al.] 201930793577
timing of lambda-cyhalothrin and pyriproxyfen barrier treatments for aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) management.barrier applications, treating vegetation and other potential mosquito resting areas with residual pesticides, have become standard practice for commercial pest management professionals offering mosquito control services. these treatments are generally effective in reducing numbers of the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus (skuse). in the temperate climates, adult ae. albopictus populations are naturally eliminated each winter and must be grown from diapausing eggs the following spring. ther ...201930768177
a diverse microbial community supports larval development and survivorship of the asian tiger mosquito (diptera: culicidae).laboratory microcosm experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of bacteria isolated from senescent white oak leaves on the growth and survivorship of larval aedes albopictus (skuse). larvae hatched from surface-sterilized eggs were reared in microcosms containing individual bacterial isolates, combined isolates (porphyrobacter sp., enterobacter asburiae, acidiphilium rubrum, pseudomonas syringae, and azorhizobium caulinodans), a positive control containing a microbial community from an infu ...201930753569
first detection of aedes japonicus in spain: an unexpected finding triggered by citizen science.aedes japonicus is an invasive vector mosquito from southeast asia which has been spreading across central europe since the year 2000. unlike the asian tiger mosquito (aedes albopictus) present in spain since 2004, there has been no record of ae. japonicus in the country until now.201930674335
citronella oil-loaded electrospun micro/nanofibrous matrices as sustained repellency systems for the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus.mosquitoes are hematophagous insects of major public health concern, serving as vectors of many diseases. available products for personal protection against mosquitoes lack adequate efficacy and in most cases need to be reapplied or replaced frequently. in recent years, the encapsulation of the active repellents in various matrices has arisen as an alternative method for the development of new-generation repellent systems. the aim of the present study was to explore the potential of functional m ...201930632273
[first detections of aedes albopictus (tiger mosquito) in the region of extremadura, west of spain]. 201930591308
nix is a male-determining factor in the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus.the initial signal that governs sex determination is highly variable among insects. a homolog of nix, the male-determining factor in aedes aegypti, was previously found in the asian tiger mosquito ae. albopictus. here we show that the ae. albopictus nix (aalnix) is more complex in gene structure and splice isoforms than its ae. aegypti homolog (aaenix). aalnix shows a similar transcription profile compared to aaenix. crispr/cas9-mediated knockouts of aalnix in vivo and in the ae. albopictus c6/3 ...201931901476
effect of wolbachia walbb on a positive-sense rna negev-like virus: a novel virus persistently infecting aedes albopictus mosquitoes and cells.the aedes aegypti mosquito is the primary vector of several medically important arboviruses. the endosymbiotic bacterium, wolbachia pipientis, has emerged as a means of blocking transmission of arboviruses such as dengue and zika viruses. one wolbachia strain that has shown potential in field trials is walbb, a naturally occurring wolbachia strain of the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus. when transinfected into ae. aegypti, walbb exhibits strong virus inhibition. in addition to modulating a ...201931846415
vector distribution and transmission risk of the zika virus in south and central america.zika is of great medical relevance due to its rapid geographical spread in 2015 and 2016 in south america and its serious implications, for example, certain birth defects. recent epidemics urgently require a better understanding of geographic patterns of the zika virus transmission risk. this study aims to map the zika virus transmission risk in south and central america. we applied the maximum entropy approach, which is common for species distribution modelling, but is now also widely in use fo ...201931745446
management of insecticide resistance in the major aedes vectors of arboviruses: advances and challenges.the landscape of mosquito-borne disease risk has changed dramatically in recent decades, due to the emergence and reemergence of urban transmission cycles driven by invasive aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus. insecticide resistance is already widespread in the yellow fever mosquito, ae. aegypti; is emerging in the asian tiger mosquito ae. albopictus; and is now threatening the global fight against human arboviral diseases such as dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and zika. because the panel of i ...201931600206
update on the distribution of aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in misiones, argentina.the asian tiger mosquito ( aedes albopictus, diptera: culicidae) has spread rapidly in the last 30 years from its native region in southeast asia. in argentina, studies on its potential distribution suggest that this species could be found in temperate zones of the province of buenos aires. however, since its initial detection in 1998 ae. albopictus is bounded to the subtropical province of misiones. to evaluate the presence and abundance of ae. albopictus in the northeast of argentina, we preli ...201931531624
identification of human skin bacteria attractive to the asian tiger mosquito.aedes albopictus is a vector of arboviruses and filarial nematodes. originating from asia, this mosquito has rapidly expanded its geographical distribution and colonized areas across both temperate and tropical regions. due to the increase in insecticide resistance, the use of environmentally friendly vector control methods is encouraged worldwide. using methods based on semiochemicals in baited traps are promising for management of mosquito populations. interestingly, human skin microbiota was ...201931464044
a novel densovirus isolated from the asian tiger mosquito displays varied pathogenicity depending on its host species.mosquito-borne viral diseases (mbvds) continue to pose a significant global public health burden. mosquito control remains a core intervention strategy in integrated mosquito management (imm) programs to reduce the transmission of mbvds. mosquito densoviruses (mdvs) are mosquito-specific entomopathogenic viruses, and their attractive biological and pathogenic characteristics make mdvs potential biological control agents as alternatives to traditional chemical pesticides. however, different viral ...201931333635
tigers, black swans, and unicorns: the need for feedback and oversight.humans have a decision-making system which is biased to avoid costly false negatives while the criminal justice system is designed to be biased in the opposite way, avoiding costly false positives. but systems fail, people do not; a badly out of kilter system can lead even the most expert to bad outcomes. perverse incentives, driven by the fetishizing of dna, put pressure on an already-stressed forensic system. every system needs feedback, both positive and negative, to correct itself and stay s ...201932411958
construction of an efficient genomic editing system with crispr/cas9 in the vector mosquito aedes albopictus.aedes (stegomyia) albopictus, also known as the asian tiger mosquito, is a mosquito which originated in asia. in recent years, it has become increasingly rampant throughout the world. this mosquito can transmit several arboviruses, including dengue, zika and chikungunya viruses, and is considered a public health threat. despite the urgent need of genome engineering to analyze specific gene functions, progress in genetical manipulation of ae. albopictus has been slow due to a lack of efficient me ...201930311353
the invasive mosquito aedes albopictus (diptera, culicidae) firstly recorded in bohemia, czech republic.in 2016-2017, the monitoring of possible introduction of an invasive mosquito species, the asian tiger mosquito aedes (stegomyia) albopictus (skuse, 1894) (diptera, culicidae), was conducted in eastern, southern, central and western parts of bohemia, czech republic.201930157658
the pre-pleistocene fossil thylacinids (dasyuromorphia: thylacinidae) and the evolutionary context of the modern thylacine.the thylacine is popularly used as a classic example of convergent evolution between placental and marsupial mammals. despite having a fossil history spanning over 20 million years and known since the 1960s, the thylacine is often presented in both scientific literature and popular culture as an evolutionary singleton unique in its morphological and ecological adaptations within the australian ecosystem. here, we synthesise and critically evaluate the current state of published knowledge regardi ...201931534836
widespread cis-regulatory convergence between the extinct tasmanian tiger and gray wolf.the extinct marsupial tasmanian tiger, or thylacine, and the eutherian gray wolf are among the most widely recognized examples of convergent evolution in mammals. despite being distantly related, these large predators independently evolved extremely similar craniofacial morphologies, and evidence suggests that they filled similar ecological niches. previous analyses revealed little evidence of adaptive convergence between their protein-coding genes. thus, the genetic basis of their convergence i ...201931533979
aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) on an invasive edge: abundance, spatial distribution, and habitat usage of larvae and pupae across urban and socioeconomic environmental gradients.the asian tiger mosquito [aedes albopictus (skuse)] is an invasive species of public health importance that is currently expanding its range in the northeast united states. effective ae. albopictus control depends on a thorough understanding of factors influencing their abundance, spatial distribution, and habitat preference. we conducted a series of container surveys for ae. albopictus larvae/pupae over 2 yr across nine sites in neighborhoods along its invasive range in southern new york. selec ...201930566612
anxiety treatment and targeted sleep enhancement to address sleep disturbance in pre/early adolescents with anxiety.sleep disturbance is prevalent in anxious youth and prospectively predicts poor emotional adjustment in adolescence. study 1 examined whether anxiety treatment improves subjective and objective sleep disturbance in anxious youth. study 2 examined whether a sleep intervention called sleeping tigers can further improve sleep following anxiety treatment. study 1 examined 133 youth (ages 9-14; 56% female; 11% ethnic/racial minority) with generalized, social, or separation anxiety over the course of ...201929873503
eocene sand tiger sharks (lamniformes, odontaspididae) from the bolca konservat-lagerstätte, italy: palaeobiology, palaeobiogeography and evolutionary significance.here we report the first record of one of the most common and widespread palaeogene selachians, the sand tiger shark brachycarcharias, from the ypresian bolca konservat-lagerstätte. the combination of dental character of the 15 isolated teeth collected from the pesciara and monte postale sites (e.g. anterior teeth up to 25 mm with fairly low triangular cusp decreasing regularly in width; one to two pairs of well-developed lateral cusplets; root with broadly separated lobes; upper teeth with a cu ...201930740006
synteny search identifies carnivore y chromosome for evolution of male specific genes.the explosive accumulation of mammalian genomes has provided a valuable resource to characterize the evolution of the y chromosome. unexpectedly, the y-chromosome sequence has been characterized in only a small handful of species, with the majority being model organisms. thus, identification of y-linked scaffolds from unordered genome sequences is becoming more important. here, we used a syntenic-based approach to generate the scaffolds of the male-specific region of the y chromosome (msy) from ...201930019860
isolation and identification of tiger parvovirus in captive siberian tigers and phylogenetic analysis of vp2 gene.to better understand the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of parvovirus, this study reports the isolation and characterization of a tiger parvovirus (tpv) named chjl-siberian tiger-01/2017 from a captive siberian tiger in jilin province, china. a phylogenetic tree based on the full-length vp2 nucleotide sequence was constructed using the isolated strain in this study and 56 reference strains. the results showed that all the parvoviruses can be grouped into two large branches: the canine par ...201931299323
identification of feline kiss1 and distribution of immunoreactive kisspeptin in the hypothalamus of the domestic cat.in recent years, the kiss1 gene has been reported in a number of vertebrate species, and a substantial dataset has been acquired to demonstrate the critical role of kisspeptins in the reproductive system; yet limited information is available for carnivores. in the present study, we identified and characterized feline kiss1 by isolating and cloning its full-length cdna in the domestic cat hypothalamus and caracal testis, using the method of rapid amplification of cdna ends. additionally, we isola ...201931142694
computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging study of a normal tarsal joint in a bengal tiger (panthera tigris).in this research, using computed tomography (ct) and magnetic resonance imaging (mri), we provide a thorough description of the standard appearance of a right tarsal joint in a bengal tiger (panthera tigris). ct scans were performed using a bone and soft tissue window setting, and three-dimensional surface reconstructed ct images were obtained. the mri protocol was based on the use of spin-echo (se) t1-weighted and gradient-echo (ge) stir t2-weighted pulse sequences. magnetic resonance (mr) imag ...201931035987
development of an anti-bear podoplanin monoclonal antibody pmab-247 for immunohistochemical analysis.sensitive and specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs) targeting podoplanin (pdpn) are needed for immunohistochemical analyses using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues because pdpn is known as a lymphatic endothelial cell maker in pathology. recently, we established anti-pdpn mabs against many species, such as human, mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, cat, bovine, pig, horse, goat, tiger, alpaca, and tasmanian devil. however, anti-bear pdpn (bpdpn) has not been established yet. in this study, we immuni ...201931061899
a pilot study for estimating the cardiopulmonary signals of diverse exotic animals using a digital camera.monitoring the cardiopulmonary signal of animals is a challenge for veterinarians in conditions when contact with a conscious animal is inconvenient, difficult, damaging, distressing or dangerous to personnel or the animal subject. in this pilot study, we demonstrate a computer vision-based system and use examples of exotic, untamed species to demonstrate this means to extract the cardiopulmonary signal. subject animals included the following species: giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca), africa ...201931835550
aminoacyl trna synthetases as potential drug targets of the panthera pathogen babesia.a century ago, pantheras were abundant across asia. illegal hunting and trading along with loss of habitat have resulted in the designation of panthera as a genus of endangered species. in addition to the onslaught from humans, pantheras are also susceptible to outbreaks of several infectious diseases, including babesiosis. the latter is a hemoprotozoan disease whose causative agents are the eukaryotic parasites of the apicomplexan genus babesia. babesiosis affects a varied range of animals incl ...201931610802
antibiotic resistance of escherichia coli isolated from captive bengal tigers at safari parks in bangladesh.the present study was carried out to assess the antibiotic resistance and to identify the resistance genes in escherichia coli from captive bengal tigers at two safari parks in bangladesh.201931583230
incidence of pkan determined by bioinformatic and population-based analysis of ~140,000 humans.panthothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (pkan, omim 234200), is an inborn is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism caused by pathogenic variants in pank2. pank2 encodes the enzyme pantothenate kinase 2 (ec 2.7.1.33), an essential regulatory enzyme in coa biosynthesis. clinical presentation includes dystonia, rigidity, bradykinesia, dysarthria, pigmentary retinopathy and dementia with variable age of onset ranging from childhood to adulthood. in order to provide an accurate ...201931540697
parasitic pneumonia caused by paragonimus spp. in a wild royal bengal tiger, mysuru, south india.parasitic pneumonia induced by genus paragonimus involves many species, which affects both humans and animals and it is a food borne zoonotic disease. in this report, we have described the gross and histopathological findings of paragonimus fluke infection in lungs of tiger. the postmortem examination of sub adult male wild tiger (panthera tigris tigris) died in captivity was conducted, earlier which was rescued by forest department, mysuru, karnataka, india. external examination of carcass reve ...201931406421
expanding beyond carnivores to improve livestock protection and conservation.promoting human-wildlife coexistence is critical to the long-term conservation of many wild animal species that come into conflict with humans. loss of livestock to carnivore species (e.g., lions, tigers, wolves) is a well-documented occurrence and the focus of mitigation strategies around the world. one area that has received little research is the impact of noncarnivores on livestock. both african and asian elephant species are known to cause livestock injuries and deaths. livestock owners wit ...201931386655
performance of two portable blood glucose meters for measuring blood glucose concentration in tigers (panthera tigris) and lions (panthera leo).objective to investigate the performance of a portable blood glucose meter (pbgm) designed for use in humans (hpbgm) and a pbgm designed for use in dogs and cats (vpbgm) when measuring blood glucose (bg) concentration in tigers (panthera tigris) and lions (panthera leo). design method comparison and diagnostic accuracy study. samples 53 blood samples from tigers (n = 27) and lions (26). procedures bg concentration was measured with 2 identical hpbgms, 2 identical vpbgms, and a reference laborato ...201930668239
redescription and lectotype designation of <em>gynaikothrips <em>microchaetus ananthakrishnan &amp; jagadish (thysanoptera: phlaeothripidae).gynaikothrips microchaetus ananthakrishnan and jagadish (1969) was described from dharwar in karnataka, and until now has been known only from southern india (ananthakrishnan & sen 1980). the original description was based on an unspecified number of syntypes, with no depositary indicated. however, one of the authors (r. varatharajan) acquired four slides that are labelled by ananthakrishnan as this species and bear the same collection details as given in the original description. these are assu ...201932229921
serological evidence of influenza virus infection in captive wild felids, thailand.influenza virus is known to affect wild felids. to explore the prevalence of influenza viruses in these animal species, 196 archival sera from 5 felid species including panthera tigris (n=147), prionailurus viverrinus (n=35), panthera leo (n=5), pardofelis temminckii (n=8) and neofelis nebulosa (n=1) collected between 2011 and 2015 in 10 provinces of thailand were determined for the presence of antibody to avian and human influenza viruses. blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent (elisa) assay and ...201931341136
first record of toxoplasma gondii antibodiesin royal bengal tigers (panthera tigris tigris) and asiatic lions (panthera leo persica) in india.the purpose of this study was to detect the antibodies against toxoplasma gondii in royal bengal tigers (panthera tigris tigris), asiatic lions (panthera leo persica), leopards (panthera pardus), and elephants (elephas maximus indicus) residing in the mahendra chaudhury zoological park, in chhatbir, punjab (india) during winter and monsoon seasons. using  indirect elisa, 20 serum samples were analysed during the winter season. results indicated that 1 lion (5%) tested seropositive, and 3 tigers ...201931274177
a retrospective study of reported disorders of the oral cavity in large felids in australian zoos.disorders of the oral cavity are conditions reported by veterinarians that impact the health and welfare of large felids in human care. there have been no studies documenting the prevalence of these conditions and species affected in australian zoos. a review of the medical records of lions (panthera leo), tigers (panthera tigris), cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus), jaguars (puma onca), snow leopards (panthera uncia), persian leopards (panthera pardus saxicolor), and cougars (puma concolor) from 10 au ...201931120658
neoplasia in captive panthera species.this retrospective study identified the spectrum of neoplasia diagnoses, prevalence rates and the contribution of neoplasia to death or humane destruction within panthera species housed at a large cat sanctuary. biopsy and necropsy reports from january 2002 to december 2017 were examined and histological material from cases diagnosed with neoplasia was reviewed. one hundred and sixty-eight neoplasms were diagnosed in 108 large felids: 70 tigers (panthera tigris), 26 lions (panthera leo), three l ...201930691604
a comparative survey of microsatellites among wild and domestic cat provides valuable resources for marker development.information on the level and distribution of genetic variation is important for conservation plan of captive population of an endangered species such as tiger and cheetah. we assayed the frequency of microsatellites in the genomic and genic sequences of wild cats (panthera tigris, acinonyx jubatus) and compared it with the domestic cat (felis catus). frequency, relative abundance and density of microsatellites were highest in the domestic cat when compared with wild cats. the frequency of micros ...201930864111
comparative analysis of corrected tiger genome provides clues to its neuronal evolution.the availability of completed and draft genome assemblies of tiger, leopard, and other felids provides an opportunity to gain comparative insights on their unique evolutionary adaptations. however, genome-wide comparative analyses are susceptible to errors in genome sequences and thus require accurate genome assemblies for reliable evolutionary insights. in this study, while analyzing the tiger genome, we found almost one million erroneous substitutions in the coding and non-coding region of the ...201931804567
rapid and non-destructive identification of claws using atr-ftir spectroscopy-a novel approach in wildlife forensics.differentiation and identification of royal bengal tiger (panthera tigris tigris) and indian leopard (panthera pardus fusca) claws is a challenging task in wildlife forensics, due to similarity in their morphology, anatomy and chemical compositions as both the species are closely related to each other genetically. atr-ftir spectroscopy, which offers a non-destructive and safe alternative technique to other conventional methods, has been employed in the present work to differentiate claws of roya ...201931606099
do conservation strategies that increase tiger populations have consequences for other wild carnivores like leopards?most large carnivore populations are declining across their global range except in some well managed protected areas (pa's). investments for conserving charismatic apex carnivores are often justified due to their umbrella effect on biodiversity. we evaluate population trends of two large sympatric carnivores, the tiger and leopard through spatially-explicit-capture-recapture models from camera trap data in kanha pa, india, from 2011 to 2016. our results show that the overall density (100 km-2) o ...201931604995
a core set of microsatellite loci for yellow-throated marten, martes flavigula: a case of inferences of family relationships.microsatellite markers are an ideal molecular marker for population genetic studies such as population structure, pedigree, and kinship. the yellow-throated marten (martes flavigula) is widely distributed in coniferous and deciduous forests of eastern asia and plays the role of an indicator and umbrella species in south korea, given the absence of top predators such as tiger and leopard.201931541356
empowering conservation practice with efficient and economical genotyping from poor quality samples.moderate- to high-density genotyping (100 + snps) is widely used to determine and measure individual identity, relatedness, fitness, population structure and migration in wild populations.however, these important tools are difficult to apply when high-quality genetic material is unavailable. most genomic tools are developed for high-quality dna sources from laboratory or medical settings. as a result, most genetic data from market or field settings is limited to easily amplified mitochondrial dn ...201931511786
larval amphibians rapidly bioaccumulate poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances.poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (pfas) are ubiquitous contaminants that can bioaccumulate in aquatic taxa. amphibians are particularly vulnerable to contaminants and sensitive to endocrine disruptors during their aquatic larval stage. however, few studies have explored pfas uptake rates in amphibians, which is critical for designing ecotoxicology studies and assessing the potential for bioaccumulation. uptake rates of perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) and perfluorooctanoic acid (pfoa) were me ...201931002968
animals in the brain.pareidolic associations are commonly used in medical education to enhance perception of radiological abnormalities. a number of animal-inspired neuroradiological pareidolias have been defined which should alert clinicians to specific movement disorder diagnoses.201930949548
comparison of the fecal microbiota of two free-ranging chinese subspecies of the leopard (panthera pardus) using high-throughput sequencing.the analysis of gut microbiota using fecal samples provides a non-invasive approach to understand the complex interactions between host species and their intestinal bacterial community. however, information on gut microbiota for wild endangered carnivores is scarce. the goal of this study was to describe the gut microbiota of two leopard subspecies, the amur leopard (panthera pardus orientalis) and north chinese leopard (panthera pardus japonensis). fecal samples from the amur leopard (n = 8) an ...201930944781
histomorphological differentiation of the skin of leopard (panthera pardus), leopard cat (prionailurus bengalensis), bengal tiger (panthera tigris), and golden jackal (canis aureus).leopard (panthera pardus), leopard cat (prionailurus bengalensis) bengal tiger (panthera tigris), and golden jackal (canis aureus) are carnivores. leopard and bengal tiger are listed in the red list as vulnerable species by the international union for conservation of nature and natural resources. leopard cat and golden jackal are grouped under animals of least concern. a wide variation exists in the structure of the skin and pattern of hair follicles among domestic and wild mammals. thus, the st ...201932546933
a probiotic beverage made from tiger-nut extract and milk permeate.tiger-nut has long been recognized for its generous health benefits. milk permeate as a by-product, contains lactose, soluble vitamins and salts. probiotics are live micro-organisms that confer a benefit on the host. the aim of this work was to use a combination of tiger-nut aqueous extract (tnae) and uf-milk permeate, fortified with probiotic bacteria, to produce a functional dairy beverage. material s and methods: milk-permeate (65%), tnae (30%) and sugar (5%) were the best portions used to pr ...201931930819
taxonomic revision of cylindera westwood, 1831 subgenus parmecus motschulsky, 1864 stat. rest., stat. nov. (coleoptera: carabidae: cicindelinae) with the description of one new species from yunnan province, china.within the asiatic tiger beetle fauna, parmecus motschulsky, 1864 stat. rest., stat. nov., is reestablished as a subgenus of cylindera westwood, 1831 with cylindera (parmecus) dromicoides (chaudoir, 1852), as its type species, and the lectotype and paralectotypes of cicindela dromicoides chaudoir, 1852 are designated as well. two other species are included, cylindera (parmecus) armandi (fairmaire, 1886), from the himalayan region, and cylindera (parmecus) mosuoa, sp. nov., from yunnan, china. cy ...201932230552
high fibre gluten-free fresh pasta with tiger nut, chickpea and fenugreek: technofunctional, sensory and nutritional properties.gluten-free pasta production with a low glycaemic index and improved nutritional profile is still a challenge for the food industry. in this study, pasta was produced from fenugreek (ff), chickpea (cpf) and tiger nut (tnf) flours. cpf and ff are interesting for a balanced contribution of soluble and insoluble fibre by combining the health benefits of each type of fibre that promotes health. tnf, also rich in insoluble fibre, can provide additional healthy properties. the partial substitution of ...201931877757
a new insight to biomarkers related to resistance in survived-white spot syndrome virus challenged giant tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon.the emergence of diseases such as white spot disease has become a threat to penaeus monodon cultivation. although there have been a few studies utilizing rna-seq, the cellular processes of host-virus interaction in this species remain mostly anonymous. in the present study, p. monodon was challenged with wssv by intramuscular injection and survived for 12 days. the effect of the host gene expression by wssv infection in the haemocytes, hepatopancreas and muscle of p. monodon was studied using il ...201931875142
characteristics of tiger moth (erebidae: arctiinae) anti-bat sounds can be predicted from tymbal morphology.acoustic signals are used by many animals to transmit information. variation in the acoustic characteristics of these signals often covaries with morphology and can relay information about an individual's fitness, sex, species, and/or other characteristics important for both mating and defense. tiger moths (lepidoptera: erebidae: arctiinae) use modified cuticular plates called "tymbal organs" to produce ultrasonic clicks which can aposematically signal their toxicity, mimic the signals of other ...201931827571
anatomic study of the elbow joint in a bengal tiger (panthera tigris tigris) using magnetic resonance imaging and gross dissections.the objective of our research was to describe the normal appearance of the bony and soft tissue structures of the elbow joint in a cadaver of a male mature bengal tiger (panthera tigris tigris) scanned via mri. using a 0.2 tesla magnet, spin-echo (se) t1-weighting, and gradient-echo short tau inversion recovery (ge-stir), t2-weighting pulse sequences were selected to generate sagittal, transverse, and dorsal planes. in addition, gross dissections of the forelimb and its elbow joint were made. on ...201931805734
strain variability and pathogenic potential of tdhcarrying vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from diseased penaeus monodon.a disease outbreak in 42-d-old black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon juveniles from a commercial aquaculture farm in kerala, india, was investigated. the cause of the disease outbreak was confirmed as vibrio parahaemolyticus by biochemical tests, pcr targeting the toxr gene and pathogenicity testing of the isolates. all of the isolates tested negative by pcr specific for v. parahaemolyticus associated with acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (ahpnd), implicating vibriosis unrelated to ahpnd as ...201931777398
voice quality in cochlear implant recipients: an observational cross sectional study.children with hearing loss are more likely to suffer from voice and speech disorders than with normal hearing due to their poor and less robust auditory feedback mechanisms. prelingually deaf children are not able to supervise their own voice due to lack of auditory feedback. cochlear implanted children achieve better hearing and consequently enhanced speech intelligibility. various parameters of voice improve with continous usage of cochlear implant. however all the vocal parameters do not show ...201931750228
description of the last instar larva of calicnemia eximia (selys, 1863) (odonata: platycnemididae) from west bengal, india.the final instar larva of calicnemia eximia (selys, 1863) is described for the first time from a grass-bed under a waterfall in buxa tiger reserve, dooars of darjeeling himalayas. the larva shows a semi terrestrial nature like other congeneres but is unique in having no premental setae and a longer labium. one c. miniata (selys, 1886) larva was also collected from the same locality and is compared with the c. eximia larva here.201931716804
the reclassification of sophiodela and other tiger beetles (coleoptera, cicindelidae) based on the structure of the everted internal sac of the male genitalia.all members of sophiodela nakane 1955, hitherto a subgenus of cicindela linnaeus, 1758, are reviewed based on the structure of the everted internal sac of the male genitalia. in addition, many species of other genera and subgenera such as the genera cosmodela rivalier, 1961, calochroa hope, 1838, and cicindela and its subgenus pancallia rivalier, 1961, are also reviewed regarding their reproductive structures. their relationships are discussed using a comparison between morphological and molecul ...201931716709
larvae of cylindera (eugrapha) contorta (fleutiaux) (coleoptera: cicindelidae) and general review of larval features in the subgenus eugrapha.all larval instars of the tiger beetle species cylindera (eugrapha) contorta (fleutiaux) are described for the first time based on material from southern ukraine (kherson region). new data on habitat preferences, ecology and bionomy for adults and larvae of c. contorta are listed. larval characters are differentiated for all instars of species in the subgenus eugrapha and some other palearctic genera of the subtribe cicindelina. the key for second and third instar of all known larvae of eugrapha ...201931716670
biodiversity of tiger beetles from angola with the description of a new species of the genus neochila basilewsky, 1953 (coleoptera: cicindelidae).one new tiger beetle species of the genus neochila basilewsky, 1953 is described from angola. the genus is a new record for this country also. an annotated list of species of cicindelidae sampled in angola, including data on distribution and general ecology of these beetles is presented. further, a dichotomic key is made available for the identification of neochila species of the katangana group.201931716439
comparative morphology and taxonomy of the tiger moth genus epanycles butler (lepidoptera, erebidae, arctiinae, arctiini, ctenuchina), with notes on related genera.we studied the neotropical genera epanycles butler, sciopsyche butler and episcepsis butler. we investigated the delimitation of epanycles, which at the beginning of this work was monotypic, but had a history of other species placed in it, all of which are currently placed in genera to which they do not belong. indeed, we found epanycles to include only its type species, euchromia imperialis walker, here redescribed based on external and genitalic characters of both sexes from specimens covering ...201931716434
a new record of the family isonychiidae (insecta: ephemeroptera) from the western ghats, india with a description of new species.a new species belonging to the subgenus isonychia, of the genus isonychia eaton, 1871, is described based on larvae and imagoes collected from moyar river, nilgiri district, tamil nadu, india. the imagoes of i. moyarensis n. sp. can be distinguished from other described oriental species of isonychia (isonychia) by the combination of characters: (i) forewing with rusty brown maculae in the costal, subcostal, and median areas; (ii) femur and tibia brown, fore leg pale, apices of tarsal segments br ...201931716148
redescription of amerila abdominalis (rothschild, 1933), a little-known species of tiger moth from southeast asia (lepidoptera: erebidae: arctiinae).the genus amerila walker, 1855 is widely distributed from africa to australia with the maximum diversity in africa (häuser 1993, häuser boppré 1997). three species in this genus are recorded from indochina (dubatolov de vos 2010), including a. astreus (drury, 1773) and a. omissa (rothschild, 1910). these two are common and widely distributed, and their external morphology is well studied (holloway 1988, černý pinratana 2009, bucsek 2012) and their genitalia are illustrated in the book of dr. j.d ...201931716050
amerila (lepidoptera: erebidae: arctiinae) of cameroon with morphological remarks on male and female genitalia.amerila is one of the most studied afrotropical genera of arctiinae. however, based on a regionally constrained sample of specimens from mount cameroon, we show how superficial our knowledge on these tiger moths is. among six collected amerila species, a. femina's female is described here for the first time, and a. mulleri and a. roseomarginata had never been recorded before in the country. moreover, novel biological data are presented, including individual species' elevational ranges. finally, ...201931716016
cabamofa orientalis sp. nov. from thailand, congeneric with c. mira jaschhof from costa rica (diptera: bibionomorpha: sciaroidea incertae sedis).the genus cabamofa, previously containing only c. mira from costa rica (jaschhof 2005), is shown here to have a second species in thailand, which is described and named c. orientalis sp. nov. the new species is known from a single male collected by the tiger project (thailand inventory group for entomological research), a mass-sampling program to inventory insect diversity in southeast asia (plant et al. 2011; http://sharkeylab.org/tiger, accessed 14 december 2018). as the circumstances of findi ...201931715770
development of an in vivo model for toxoplasma gondii infections in chickens and turkeys simulating natural routes of infection.turkeys and chickens were orally infected with tissue cysts (one mouse brain) or oocysts (103, 105 or 106 oocysts) of three t. gondii strains of the clonal types ii and iii (me49, cz-tiger, ned) to investigate the influence of the applied t. gondii strain and infective doses on the distribution of t. gondii in several organs and tissues and the serologic response of chickens and turkeys. organ samples from 16 different tissues, including heart, brain, muscles and gizzard were analyzed by pcr. br ...201931706235
pmeea1, the early endosomal protein is employed by yhv for successful infection in penaeus monodon.yellow head disease (yhd) is an infectious disease of penaeus monodon which is caused by the yellow head virus (yhv). yhv infection invariably leads to 100% shrimp mortality within 3-5 days. currently, an effective method to prevent or cure shrimp from yhv infection has not been elucidated. therefore, the molecular mechanism underlying yhv infection should be examined. in this study, early endosome antigen 1 (eea1) protein that was involved in the tethering step of the vesicle and early endosome ...201931678535
acute toxicity of an organophosphate insecticide sumithion to striped catfish pangasianodon hypophthalmus.sumithion is widely used for crop safety and eradication of tiger bugs (cicindela spp.) from larval rearing aquaculture ponds. to satisfy the high demand of fries and fingerlings of widely cultured species striped catfish, spawns are produced in large scale in the hatcheries through hormone induced breeding, and subsequently these spawns are reared in nursery ponds and marketed to fingerlings vendors for stocking in grow-out ponds. considering the importance of healthy fries and fingerlings the ...201931673497
india's tigers seem to be a massive success story - many scientists aren't sure. 201931664220
open data could save more tigers. 201931664217
direct evidence of an extra-intestinal cycle of toxoplasma gondii in tigers (panthera tigris) by isolation of viable strains.toxoplasmosis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases in the world. felines excrete environmentally resistant toxoplasma gondii oocysts. however, there is no direct evidence to prove tigers are the intermediate host of t. gondii. here, we show that, igg antibodies to t. gondii in 80% (8/10) of captive tigers. two viable t. gondii strains (toxodb genotype #9) were isolated by bioassay in mice using striated muscles of two tigers (tiger#3 and tiger#8). additionally, mice were confirmed as t. g ...201931661400
changing salinity affects hematological and histological response in hybrids and hybrid triploids between river puffer, takifugu obscurus and tiger puffer, t. rubripes.we investigated the physiological responses of the river puffer, takifugu obscurus, the tiger puffer, t. rubripes, a hybrids of the two (river puffer×tiger puffer) and a hybrid triploids to acute changes of salinity from 30 psu to 0 psu and from 0 psu to 30 psu. the blood and plasma factors of each species were elevated for 48, 72, or 96 hrs, and thereafter decreased due to hyper-osmoregulation and hypo-osmoregulation. in hyper-osmoregulation and hypo-osmoregulation, the cortisol concentration o ...201931660451
effects of human-induced prey depletion on large carnivores in protected areas: lessons from modeling tiger populations in stylized spatial scenarios.prey depletion is a major threat to the conservation of large carnivore species globally. however, at the policy-relevant scale of protected areas, we know little about how the spatial distribution of prey depletion affects carnivore space use and population persistence. we developed a spatially explicit, agent-based model to investigate the effects of different human-induced prey depletion experiments on the globally endangered tiger (panthera tigris) in isolated protected areas-a situation tha ...201931641474
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