Publications

genomic organization, gene duplication, and expression analysis of interleukin-1beta in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus).	interleukin-1beta (il-1beta) is one of the pivotal early response pro-inflammatory cytokines that enables organisms to respond to infection and induces a cascade of reactions leading to inflammation. in spite of its importance and two decades of studies in the mammalian species, genes encoding il-1beta were not identified from non-mammalian species until recently. recent research, particularly with genomic approaches, has led to sequencing of il-1beta from many species. clinical studies also sug ...	2006	16280165
the immunomodulatory effects of tuftsin on the non-specific immune system of indian major carp, labeo rohita.	the purpose of this study was to determine if injections of different dosages of tuftsin would enhance the immune response and disease resistance against the infections due to the opportunistic pathogens aeromonas hydrophila and edwardsiella tarda in labeo rohita fingerlings. hence, four different dosages of tuftsin in pbs suspension at the rate of 0, 5, 10, 15 mg kg(-1) body weight of fish were injected intraperitoneally to the fingerlings of l. rohita at 2-week intervals for four times. after ...	2006	16293422
sensitive apoptosis induced by microcystins in the crucian carp (carassius auratus) lymphocytes in vitro.	microcystins including leucine-arginine l-amino acid (mclr) and arginine-arginine l-amino acid (mcrr) can inhibit several serine/threonine protein phosphatases. in this study, we focused on the efficient biomarker for analyzing toxic cyanobacteria blooms using in vitro apoptosis bioassay. we explored the existence of sensitive apoptosis induced by mclr and mcrr on isolated lymphocytes of the crucian carp (carassius auratus) at a low exposure level. apoptosis was detected in vitro and was clearly ...	2006	16271850
molecular identification, polymorphism, and expression analysis of major histocompatibility complex class iia and b genes of turbot (scophthalmus maximus).	major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii has a central role in the adaptive immune system by presenting foreign peptides to the t-cell receptor. the full lengths of mhc class ii a and b cdna were cloned from turbot by homology cloning and rapid amplification of cdna ends polymerase chain reaction (race pcr), and genomic organization, molecular polymorphism, and expression of turbot class iib gene were examined to study the function of class iib gene in fish. the deduced amino acid sequenc ...	2006	16832747
detecting fish parvalbumin with commercial mouse monoclonal anti-frog parvalbumin igg.	parvalbumin is a calcium-binding muscle protein that is highly conserved across fish species and amphibians. it is the major cross-reactive allergen associated with both fish and frog allergy. we used two-dimensional electrophoretic and immunoblotting techniques to investigate the utility of a commercial monoclonal anti-frog parvalbumin igg for detecting parvalbumin present in some commonly consumed fish species. the 2d electrophoresis and immunoblots revealed species-specific differences in pro ...	2006	16848548
tissue expression of glandular kallikrein and its response to 17 beta-estradiol in the acclimatized carp.	cyprinus carpio skeletal muscle kallikrein was isolated to apparent homogeneity, and a polyclonal antiserum against the purified protein was generated. glandular kallikrein expression and tissue distribution were assessed using both western blots and immunohistochemistry. a 39-kda protein was detected in skeletal muscle, the gill, kidney, and pituitary gland, where an additional 72-kda immunoreactive band was observed. immunohistochemistry revealed immunoreactive kallikrein in the intermuscle ti ...	2006	16849838
cyprinid herpes virus-3 (cyhv-3) bears genes of genetically distant large dna viruses.	a large dna virus, designated koi herpes virus (khv), carp interstitial nephritis gill necrosis virus (cngv) and cyprinid herpes virus-3 (cyhv-3), causes massive mortality of carp. morphologically, the virus resembles herpes viruses, but it contains a genome of ca 295 kbp, larger than that of any herpesviridae member. interestingly, three cyhv-3 genes, thymidylate monophosphate kinase (tmpk), ribonucleotide reductase and thymidine kinase, which are involved in deoxynucleotide tri-phosphate synth ...	2006	16860321
investigating the estrogenic risk along the river po and its intermediate section.	different endpoints have been used to investigate the occurrence of estrogenic risk along the po river, particularly its middle section. an in vitro assay based on recombinant yeast could not detect estrogenic activity in bed sediments of the italian river or in bile samples of five cyprinid species, with the only exception being one carp (cyprinus carpio) captured downstream of the river lambro, a polluted tributary of the middle river po. chemical analyses of fish bile and water samples from t ...	2006	16865605
availability of in vitro vitellogenin assay for screening of estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activities of environmental chemicals.	vitellogenin (vtg) protein, vtg mrna, other egg yolk proteins, vitelline envelope proteins and their mrnas are produced in the liver of oviparous species by stimulation of endogenous estrogen and exogenous estrogenic chemicals. the vtg assay based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) has been widely used for many fish species to screen estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activities of chemicals and sewage effluents using immature fish and/or male fish. in order to reduce the number of fish fo ...	2006	16883298
occurrence of atractolytocestus huronensis (cestoda, caryophyllaeidae) in german pond-farmed common carp cyprinus carpio.	up to now, the caryophyllid cestode atractolytocestus huronensis anthony, 1958, a parasite of common carp, has attracted little attention in germany. based on recent publications from the czech republic and hungary, it appears probable that this cestode may be increasingly common in germany. there is a strong connection between the occurrence of a. huronensis and imports of common carp from the czech republic and southern germany. although in most cases no clinical alterations in parasitized car ...	2006	16903238
species-specific stimulation of cyanobacteria by silver carp hypophthalmichthys molitrix (val.).		2006	16909984
adjuvant and immunostimulatory effects of beta-glucan administration in combination with lipopolysaccharide enhances survival and some immune parameters in carp challenged with aeromonas hydrophila.	combined effects of beta-glucan and lipopolysaccharide (lps) on survival and immune response were studied in cyprinus carpio that were challenged with the pathogen aeromonas hydrophila. beta-glucan from saccharomyces cervisiae and lps from a virulent strain of a. hydrophila were used in this study. different concentrations of beta-glucan+lps mixture were administered on days 1, 7, and 14 through different routes (intraperitoneal injection, bathing, and oral administration). control and test fish ...	2006	16919782
[extraction, identification and primary investigation of adhesion specificity of lactobacillus sp].	lactobacillus l15, a strain of lactobacillus sp. isolated from the intestinal tract of healthy paralichthys olivaceus, and lactobacillus acidlophilus atcc4356 were used to investigate their specific adhesions. it was shown that cell surface proteins of two strains could be extracted by 5 mol/l lithium chloride( licl). two surface proteins with molecular weights of 61.8 kda and 54.6 kda were identified to mediate the adhesion to intestinal mucus of paralichthys olivaceus and common carp respectiv ...	2006	16933608
increased leptin expression in common carp (cyprinus carpio) after food intake but not after fasting or feeding to satiation.	leptin is a key factor in the regulation of food intake and is an important factor in the pathophysiology of obesity. however, more than a decade after the discovery of leptin in mouse, information regarding leptin in any nonmammalian species is still scant. we report the identification of duplicate leptin genes in common carp (cyprinus carpio). the unique gene structure, the conservation of both cysteines that form leptin's single disulfide bridge, and stable clustering in phylogenetic analyses ...	2006	16935838
monitoring the effects of water pollution on cyprinus carpio in karakaya dam lake, turkey.	karakaya dam lake (kdl) is one of the most important water sources, both for irrigation and fishery, located in eastern part of turkey. this study is concerned with the pollution of the lake contributed by urban, industrial and agricultural activities. the parameters selected for this aim were the enzymes commonly used as biomarkers of environmental pollution. the activity of glutathione s-transferase (gst), carboxylesterase (ce), lactate dehydrogenase (ldh), acid phosphatase (acp) and aspartate ...	2006	16374666
head kidney-derived macrophages of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) show plasticity and functional polarization upon differential stimulation.	cells from the myeloid lineage are pluripotent. to investigate the potential of myeloid cell polarization in a primitive vertebrate species, we phenotypically and functionally characterized myeloid cells of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) during culture. flow cytometric analysis, ab labeling of cell surface markers, and light microscopy showed the presence of a major population of heterogeneous macrophages after culture. these head kidney-derived macrophages can be considered the fish equivalen ...	2006	16785499
differential expression profiling of the blind subterranean mole rat spalax ehrenbergi superspecies: bioprospecting for hypoxia tolerance.	the blind subterranean mole rat of the spalax ehrenbergi superspecies, living underground and exposed to fluctuating oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, is an excellent model of hypoxic tolerance. unique structural and functional adaptations of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems allow these underground mammals to survive at severely reduced oxygen tension. elucidation of the natural variation and evolutionary changes under hypoxia within this superspecies may have biomedical applications i ...	2006	16788006
production of low-estrogen goldfish diet for in vivo endocrine disrupter test.	a low-estrogenic diet for goldfish carassius auatus was produced for an in vivo estrogen activity test, because commercial fish feed has estrogenic activity and may affect the results of estrogen assays. the newly produced diet (fd5) was formulated with defatted rice bran and casein, and did not contain any soybean meal or fish meal. phytoestrogen contents (genistein, daidzein, equol, and coumestrol) of fd5 were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy/mass spectroscopy (lc-ms/ms) and ...	2006	16788564
a screening-level assessment of lead, cadmium, and zinc in fish and crayfish from northeastern oklahoma, usa.	the objective of this study was to evaluate potential human and ecological risks associated with metals in fish and crayfish from mining in the tri-states mining district (tsmd). crayfish (orconectes spp.) and fish of six frequently consumed species (common carp, cyprinus carpio; channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus; flathead catfish, pylodictis olivaris; largemouth bass, micropterus salmoides; spotted bass, m. punctulatus; and white crappie, pomoxis annularis) were collected in 2001--2002 from ...	2006	16791710
monoclonal antibody fsc-47 against carp sperm creatine kinase.	the enzyme creatine kinase (ck) plays a key role in energy homeostasis of cells with high and fluctuating energy requirements. as for spermatozoa, the activity of phosphocreatine shuttle, which directs energy from the mitochondria to sites of atp consumption, is dependent on individual species. high activities of ck are observed in spermatozoa of nonvertebrate, fish, and birds, contrary to the low-level ck activity in mammalian spermatozoa. a new monoclonal antibody (mab) to carp sperm creatine ...	2006	16796462
oral toxicity of the microcystin-containing cyanobacterium planktothrix rubescens in european whitefish (coregonus lavaretus).	the microcystin-producing cyanobacterium planktothrix is one of the most widespread genera amongst toxin producing cyanobacteria in european lakes. in particular, the metalimnic blooms of planktothrix rubescens have been associated with growing problems in the professional freshwater fishery as a decrease in yearly yields in the important coregonids fishery often coincides with the appearance of p. rubescens. p. rubescens is a cyanobacterial species known to produce toxic compounds, e.g. microcy ...	2006	16806524
subcellular localization of muscle fbpase in carp (cyprinus carpio) tissues.	subcellular localization of muscle fbpase-a regulatory enzyme of glyconeogenesis-was investigated in carp using immunohistochemistry and protein exchange method. results of the experiments revealed that, in striated muscles, fbpase associates with alpha-actinin of the z-line and co-localizes with aldolase. additionally, in cardiac and smooth muscle cells fbpase is present inside the nuclei. in the light of findings on mammalian muscle fbpase, the data presented here indicates that interaction of ...	2006	16580859
larvicidal activity of extracts of ginkgo biloba exocarp for three different strains of culex pipiens pallens.	ethanolic extracts from the ginkgo biloba l. exocarp from the chinese ginkgo were assayed against larvae of three strains of culex pipiens pallens coquillett. the chemical compositions were detected using a hewlett-packard 6890/5973 mass spectrometric detector. the larvicidal bioassay was carried out according to the recommendations of the world health organization. the analysis of the essential oil of ginkgo exocarp showed that its major components are ginkgo acid (85.3%) and ginkgo phenolic (5 ...	2006	16619608
stable expression of bioactive recombinant pleurocidin in a fish cell line.	pleurocidin (ple), a linear cationic peptide of 25 amino acids, is a member of a larger family of antimicrobial peptides present in flatfish. previous studies have shown that ple displays a strong antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of bacteria and appears to play a role in innate host defence. in this work, the genomic sequence encoding the ple prepropeptide has been isolated from limanda limanda and cloned in a vector under the control of a non-viral promoter (the carp beta-actin p ...	2006	16636829
an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for rare minnow (gobiocypris rarus) vitellogenin and comparison of vitellogenin responses in rare minnow and zebrafish (danio rerio).	a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed to determine vitellogenin (vtg) in rare minnow (gobiocypris rarus) based on the separation and purification of rare minnow vtg (r-vtg) as well as the production of polyclonal antibody against r-vtg in rabbits. three different elisas for measuring r-vtg were then compared: (1) indirect elisa with the antibody against carp (cyprinus carpio) vtg (c-vtg) (ic-elisa); (2) competitive elisa with the antibody against c-vtg, and using ...	2006	16643987
dna vaccination can protect cyprinus carpio against spring viraemia of carp virus.	several dna constructs containing the spring viraemia of carp virus (svcv) glycoprotein (g) gene were investigated for their ability to induce protection against svcv following injection into myofibres. the constructs were pooled into four groups and co-injected with a plasmid encoding murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. group 1 contained one full-length and two truncated g constructs under the control of the cytomegalovirus (cmv) promoter. group 2 contained full-length cons ...	2006	16650915
massive mortality of common carp (cyprinus carpio carpio) in the st. lawrence river in 2001: diagnostic investigation and experimental induction of lymphocytic encephalitis.	a massive fish kill affecting exclusively common carp (cyprinus carpio carpio) in the st. lawrence river, québec, canada, during the summer of 2001 was investigated by use of laboratory diagnostic methods and by an attempt to experimentally induce the disease. the ultimate causes of mortality were opportunistic bacterial infections with aeromonas hydrophila and flavobacterium sp. secondary to immunosuppression induced by physiologic (i.e., spawning) and environmental (i.e., high temperatures and ...	2006	16672577
methylmercury, total mercury and total selenium in four common freshwater fish species from ya-er lake, china.	snakehead fish (ophiocephalus argus cantor), silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrtix), crucian carp (carassius carassius), and common carp (cyprinus carpio) are four common freshwater fish species in china. in this study, the level of methylmercury (mehg), total mercury (t-hg), and total selenium (t-se) in muscle samples of these four fish species from ya-er lake, china, were analyzed using atomic fluorescence spectrometry coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography, and inductively co ...	2006	16752127
the comparison of three cyprinid species in terms of heavy metals accumulation in some tissues.	in this study, three cyprinids species (acanthobrama marmid, cyprinus carpio, and chondrostoma regium) from keban dam lake, elaziğ, turkey, were compared in terms of the levels of iron (fe), manganese (mn), copper (cu), zinc (zn), chromium (cr), cobalt (co), cadmium (cd), and lead (pb) in muscle, skin, liver, gonad, and gill tissues. the co, cr, cd, mn, and pb were not found in detectable levels in any organs and tissues of any species, according to results obtained by an atomic absorption spect ...	2006	16752616
[lernaea cyprinacea (copepoda, lernaeidae) from crucian carp carassius carassius from the dlinnoje lake in the middle stream of the vychegda river].	till 1996 the vychegda river's flood lakes at the territory of the biological station of the syktyvkar university were overflowed every spring by water so that fishing took place from time to time. in 1996 a low flood level and intensive fishing resulted in the change of the infection rate of crucians by lernaea, as well as in the change of the size and sex ratios of the crucian population in the dlinnoje lake. thus, the size pattern of the crucian population became simpler, and it led to the ch ...	2006	16755723
two different oxygen sensors regulate oxygen-sensitive k+ transport in crucian carp red blood cells.	the o2 dependence of ouabain-independent k+ transport mechanisms has been studied by unidirectional rb+ flux analysis in crucian carp red blood cells (rbcs). the following observations suggest that o2 activates k+-cl- cotransport (kcc) and deactivates na+-k+-2cl- cotransport (nkcc) in these cells via separate o2 sensors that differ in their o2 affinity. when o2 tension (po2) at physiological ph 7.9 was increased from 0 to 1, 4, 21 or 100 kpa, k+ (rb+) influx was increasingly inhibited, and at 10 ...	2006	16763000
differential macrophage polarisation during parasitic infections in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	in many parasitic infections both classically activated macrophages (camf) and alternatively activated macrophages (aamf) play a pivotal role. to investigate if both types of macrophages also play an important role during parasitic infections in fish, we infected carp with either trypanoplasma borreli or trypanosoma carassii and determined the activation state of the head kidney leukocytes (hkl). nitrite production was used as read-out for camf and arginase activity as read-out for aamf. basal n ...	2006	16684608
molecular cloning, recombinant expression, and growth-promoting effect of mud carp (cirrhinus molitorella) insulin-like growth factor-i.	a full-length cdna encoding insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) was cloned from mud carp (cirrhinus molitorella) liver tissue using reverse transcription polymerase-chain reaction (rt-pcr) and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) techniques. the igf-i precursor cdna consists of 822 bp in size with a 218 bp 5'-untranslated region and 118 bp 3'-untranslated region. the 486 bp open reading frame encodes a 161 amino acid peptide with a molecular weight of 17.9 kda. the deduced igf-i amino acid s ...	2006	16707129
modular changes of cis-regulatory elements from two functional pit1 genes in the duplicated genome of cyprinus carpio.	the pituitary-specific transcription factor pit1 is involved in its own regulation and in a network of transcriptional regulation of hypothalamo-hypophyseal factors including prolactin (prl) and growth hormone (gh). in the ectotherm teleost cyprinus carpio, pit1 plays an important role in regulation of the adaptive response to seasonal environmental changes. two pit1 genes exist in carp, a tetraploid vertebrate and transcripts of both genes were detected by rt-pcr analysis. powerful comparative ...	2006	16724305
detection of the herpesviral hematopoietic necrosis disease agent (cyprinid herpesvirus 2) in moribund and healthy goldfish: validation of a quantitative pcr diagnostic method.	cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (cyhv-2) is a pathogen of goldfish carassius auratus auratus l. that causes herpesviral hematopoietic necrosis (hvhn) disease. the disease is associated with necrosis of hematopoietic tissues and anemia with high mortality. we have developed a real time 5'-nuclease pcr method (taqman) that quantitatively detects cyhv-2 with a linear response over 8 logs of target concentration. the coefficient of variability on replicate samples tested on different days was 13% and the cal ...	2006	16724557
molecular identification and expression analysis of natural resistance associated macrophage protein (nramp) cdna from japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus).	natural resistance associated macrophage protein (nramp) controls partially innate resistance to intracellular parasites. its function is to enhance the ability of macrophages to kill pathogens. however, little is known about the structure and function of nramp in lower vertebrates such as teleosts. we have recently isolated a cdna encoding nramp from japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus). the full-length cdna of the nramp is 3066 bp in length, including 224 bp 5' terminal utr, 1662 bp enco ...	2006	15998592
temperature and ca2+ dependence of [3h]ryanodine binding in the burbot (lota lota l.) heart.	opening and closing of the cardiac ryanodine (ry) receptor (ryr) are coordinated by the free intracellular ca2+ concentration, thus making the ca2+ binding properties of the ryr important for excitation-contraction coupling. unlike mammalian cardiac ryrs, which lose their normal function at low temperatures, ryrs of ectothermic vertebrates remain operative at 2-4 degrees c, as indicated by ry sensitivity of contractile force. to investigate the mechanisms of low temperature adaptation of ectothe ...	2006	16179490
in vitro effects of staphylococcal leukocidin luke/lukd on the proliferative ability of lymphocytes isolated from common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	various strains of staphylococcus aureus bacteria produce bicomponent toxins such as leukocidin luke/lukd consisting of two subunits s (luke) and f (lukd). the toxin subunits bind to leukocyte cell membrane inducing transmembrane pore formation and subsequent cell lysis. there is a lack of data on the effects of staphylococcal leukocidin luke/lukd on fish immunocompetent cells in vitro. the purpose of the study was to determine the influence of leukocidin luke/lukd on the proliferative ability o ...	2006	16183304
upregulation of carp gdnf mrna by the immunomodulator as101.	although the glia derived neurotrophic factor (gdnf) is defined as a molecule that maintains neuronal cells, it possesses a range of functions outside the nervous system. for example, it is essential for uretric branching in kidney morphogenesis and for regulating the differentiation of stem cells during spermatogenesis, cardiac, hair follicle and vascular differentiation and the maintenance of immune cells. in the present work, the presence of gdnf in carp peripheral blood leukocytes (pbl) and ...	2006	16169589
the combined use of chemical and biochemical markers to assess water quality along the ebro river.	carp (cyprinus carpio) and barbel (barbus graellsii) were collected from five sites along the ebro river. the study was designed to assess levels of persistent organic pollutants and metals bioaccumulated by fish, and some biochemical responses (cytochrome p450 system, phase ii activities, and metallothioneins) against those pollutants. the highest levels of pcbs and ddts were detected in carp from industrialised areas, which also showed high levels of mercury and cadmium in the liver, and high ...	2006	16040174
evolutionary conservation of alternative activation of macrophages: structural and functional characterization of arginase 1 and 2 in carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	classically activated macrophages (camf) play an important role in type-i immune responses and alternatively activated macrophages (aamf) function in type-ii immune responses. while the classical activation of fish macrophages has been well described, the existence of aamf has not yet been described for teleosts. arginase is the characteristic enzyme in aamf and two isoforms have been described for mammals. to study the presence of aamf in a primitive vertebrate species we cloned arginase 1 and ...	2006	16257446
stress-dependent and -independent expression of the myogenic regulatory factors and the marp genes after eccentric contractions in rats.	the relationship between muscle mechanical conditions and gene expression was investigated by varying both stress and contraction mode imposed upon rat dorsiflexors (n= 25), activating them at high or low frequencies (150 hz or 40 hz) either eccentrically or isometrically. muscle physiological, immunohistochemical and gene expression changes were then measured 24 h after the exercise bout. peak stress was the best predictor of muscle injury, independent of contraction mode (i.e. eccentric or iso ...	2006	16239282
soluble expression, purification, and stabilization of a pro-apoptotic human protein, carp.	carp is a novel pro-apoptotic protein that has been cloned and characterized in our previous report. previous studies showed that suppression of carp expression results in cell proliferation in several mammalian cell lines and over-expression of carp leads to apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation in seven tumor cell lines [liu et al., carp is a novel caspase recruitment domain containing pro-apoptotic protein, biochem. biophys. res. commun. 293 (2002) 1396]. to obtain soluble and active form ...	2006	16139514
passive transfer of maternal antibodies and their existence in eggs, larvae and fry of indian major carp, labeo rohita (ham.).	lack of immune competence in the early stages of life leads to severe mortality in larval stages of different fish species including indian major carp (imc). investigation through indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and agglutination test revealed a significant increase in specific serum antibody response in the brood fish of indian major carp, labeo rohita (ham.) following immunisation with a virulent aeromonas hydrophila bacterin 1 month prior to breeding, which was transferred ...	2006	16157486
mechanism of blood coagulation in common carp (cyprinus carpio).	in vitro, carp blood was anticoagulated by using mgso(4) at a final concentration of 22.2 mmol l(-1) and sodium citrate at a final concentration of 11.8 mmol l(-1) . the coagulation times for carp plasma diluted by ion-free water (1:1), and that of carp plasma to which thrombocytes and small lymphocytes were added, were measured at 23 °c using standard methods, and then contrasted with the coagulation times for plasma obtained from chickens and rabbits. the shapes of the thrombocytes and small l ...	2006	21396003
molecular cloning and sequencing of hemoglobin-beta gene of channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus rafinesque.	the hemoglobin-beta gene of channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, was cloned and sequenced. total rna from head kidneys was isolated, reverse transcribed and amplified. the sequence of the channel catfish hemoglobin-beta gene consists of 600 nucleotides. analysis of the nucleotide sequence reveals one open reading frame and 5'- as well as 3'-untranslated regions. the open reading frame of the sequence potentially encodes 148 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 16.3 kda. the pi and ch ...	2006	20035483
the effect of thyroid hormone and glucocorticoids on carp growth hormone-releasing factor (grf)-induced growth hormone (gh) release in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss).	1. the effect of thyroid hormone and glucocorticoids on carp growth hormone-releasing factor (grf)-induced growth hormone (gh) secretion was studied on rainbow trout using a dispersed pituitary cell culture system. 2. a combined administration of lower doses (0.01 microm) of 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine (t3) and dexamethasone (dex) significantly increased spontaneous as well as carp grf-induced gh release. 3. lower doses of dex alone had no effect, and t3 had a marginal effect on gh release. highe ...	2006	1679699
scale and bone type i collagens of carp (cyprinus carpio).	1. soluble type i collagens were isolated from the scale and bone (skull) of lathyritic carp. each tissue collagen was assumed to consist of two different molecular forms, (alpha 1)2 alpha 2 as a main component and alpha 1 alpha 2 alpha 3 as a minor one. 2. the possible coexistence of these two forms in soluble type i collagen of carp was previously observed for skin and muscle, but not for the swim bladder in which only the form of (alpha 1)2 alpha 2 was found. 3. these composite results sugges ...	2006	1764927
isolation of maturational gonadotropin subunits from spotted seatrout (cynoscion nebulosus) and development of a beta-subunit-directed radioimmunoassay for gonadotropin measurement in sciaenid fishes.	maturational gonadotropin (gth) subunits were isolated from pituitaries of the spotted seatrout (cynoscion nebulosus), a marine perciform teleost, by ethanolic extraction and ion-exchange, gel-filtration, and reverse-phase chromatography. partial amino acid sequencing of the n-terminal regions of the alpha and beta subunits indicated 60-80% identities with various carp and salmon gth subunits. the spotted seatrout gth beta-subunit was used as radioligand in a radioimmunoassay (ria) with atlantic ...	2006	1426954
levels and distribution of organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in sediments and biota from the danube delta, romania.	concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) and organochlorine pesticides (ocps), such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ddt) and analogues, hexachlorocyclohexanes (hchs) and hexachlorobenzene (hcb), were measured in sediments and biota (invertebrates, 11 fish species and cormorant tissues) collected in 2001 from the danube delta, the biggest european wetland. ddts were the predominant pollutants in all samples. a high variability in the concentra ...	2006	16112310
[cells with radiating vesicles in different fish species].	a study was made of the ultrastructure of cells with radiating vesicles from the head kidney of different fish species: atlantic salmon salmo salar l., carp cyprinus carpio l., roach rutilus rutilus (l.), bream abramis brama (l.), high-body pickarel spicara staris (l.), long-striped wrasse symphodus tinca (l.), and from spleen of the rainbow trout salmo gairdneri richardson, and the tilapia sarotherodon mossambicus peters. a disposition of vesicles around centrioles was characteristics of all th ...	2006	17147254
in vivo and in vitro cyp1b mrna expression in channel catfish.	our goal was to study the induction of cyp1b mrna expression in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). cyp1b belongs to the cytochrome p450 superfamily of genes, is involved in the oxidation of endogenous and exogenous compounds, and could potentially be a useful biomarker in fish for exposure to ahr ligands. the full-length catfish cyp1b cdna is 2417 nt to the polya tail and encodes a putative protein of 536 amino acids. it has 67% amino acid similarity to carp and zebrafish cyp1b and 68% simil ...	2006	16697458
[the effect of the accident at the chernobyl atomic electric power station in 1986 on the fish population of a cooling pond].	the cytogenetic analysis of cyprinus carpio eyes, developing blicca bjoerkna l. eggs, and eggs and larvae of hypophtalmichthys molitrix val. has demonstrated that the yield of cells with chromosome aberrations in the fish species under study is normal, while the level of variability of morphometric indices in offspring is considerably higher than that in parent fish.	2006	1745759
[comparison of the effects of gonadotropic preparations of the carp and stellate sturgeon pituitaries on in vivo and in vitro oocyte maturation in the siberian sturgeon acipenser baeri brandt].	injections of 2.5 mg/kg of stellate sturgeon (acipenser stellatus pall.) pituitary extract and 5 mg/kg of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) pituitary extract in siberian sturgeon (acipenser baeri brandt) females did not reveal significant differences in the effects of these preparations. there were no differences in the percentage of females that responded by ovulation, duration of the period from injection to ovulation, rate of ovulation, or quality of mature eggs as estimated by the percentage of fert ...	2006	11605413
are dioxin-like contaminants responsible for the eel (anguilla anguilla) drama?	eel populations worldwide are dangerously close to collapsing. our study is the first to show that current levels of dioxin-like contaminants are strong candidates because of their devastating effects on development and survival of eel embryos. female and male silver eels were artificially stimulated to maturation and reproduction by treatment with carp pituitary extracts and hcg, respectively. during maturation of female european silver eels, about 60 g fat per kg eel is incorporated in the ooc ...	2006	16508793
carp (cyprinus carpio l.) innate immune factors are present before hatching.	expression of the innate immune factors, complement factor 3 (c3), alpha2-macroglobulin (alpha2m), serum amyloid a (saa) and a complement factor 1 r/s--mannose binding lectin associated serine protease-like molecule (c1/masp2), was determined with real time quantitative-pcr in carp (cyprinus carpio l.) ontogeny around hatching. furthermore, the expression of c3 mrna and the presence of c3 protein were studied in carp embryos and larvae using in situ hybridisation, western blotting and immunohist ...	2006	16169251
swimming efficiency and the influence of morphology on swimming costs in fishes.	swimming performance is considered a main character determining survival in many aquatic animals. body morphology highly influences the energetic costs and efficiency of swimming and sets general limits on a species capacity to use habitats and foods. for two cyprinid fishes with different morphological characteristics, carp (cyprinus carpio l.) and roach (rutilus rutilus (l.)), optimum swimming speeds (u(mc)) as well as total and net costs of transport (cot, ncot) were determined to evaluate di ...	2006	16177894
comparative evaluation of the alkaline comet assay with the micronucleus test for genotoxicity monitoring using aquatic organisms.	a comparative analysis between the in vivo comet assay and the in vivo micronucleus test (mnt) was carried out in three aquatic organisms suitable for genotoxicity monitoring, carp (cyprinus carpio), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), and clam (spisula sachalinensis), using a direct-acting mutagen, n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (mnng), and an indirect mutagen, benzo[a]pyrene (b[a]p). by optimizing the conditions for cell isolation, gill and liver (or digestive glands) were selected as t ...	2006	16026836
in vivo evoked specific cell mediated cytotoxicity in carp (cyprinus carpio l.) uses mainly a perforin/granzyme-like pathway.	a specific cytotoxicity assay has been developed for carp using the epithelioma papulosum cyprini (epc) cell line as target cells and the release of lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) as read out system. non-specific cytotoxicity against epc was not observed, but animals immunized with epc clearly showed specific killing by effector cells present in kidney, blood and spleen. this killing was strongly calcium dependent, suggesting the utilization of a perforin/granzyme-like pathway. however, blocking wi ...	2006	15916904
comparison of evolutionary rates in the mitochondrial dna cytochrome b gene and control region and their implications for phylogeny of the cobitoidea (teleostei: cypriniformes).	it is widely accepted that mitochondrial dna (mtdna) control region evolves faster than protein encoding genes with few exceptions. in the present study, we sequenced the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (cyt b) and control region (cr) and compared their rates in 93 specimens representing 67 species of loaches and some related taxa in the cobitoidea (order cypriniformes). the results showed that sequence divergences of the cr were broadly higher than those of the cyt b (about 1.83 times). however ...	2006	16213167
characterization of serum immunoglobulin m of grouper and cdna cloning of its heavy chain.	immunoglobulin m (igm) from the whole serum of grouper fish, epinephelus coioides was purified by affinity chromatography using protein a-sepharose column. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) under reducing conditions revealed that the relative molecular masses (mr) of the equimolar heavy and light chains of igm were 78,000 and 27,000, respectively. the cdnas encoding igm heavy chain comprising its variable (vh) and constant (ch) regions have been cloned and sequ ...	2006	16199094
the in vitro effects of cpg oligodeoxynucleotides on the expression of cytokine genes in the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) head kidney cells.	synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides with cpg motifs (cpg-odns) have gained attention because it elicits strong innate immune responses. cpg-odns promote the production of t-helper 1(t(h)1) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. in fish, knowledge of the effects of cpg-odns on the expression of cytokine genes is scarce. in this study, we report that cpg-odns induce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in common carp head kidney leucocytes in vitro. evidence of a t(h)1 type immune stimulation was obs ...	2006	16229898
quantitative structure-toxicity relationships of organophosphorous pesticides to fish (cyprinus carpio).	this study was conducted to determine the relationships between 1381 chemical and structural parameters of 43 organophosphorus pesticides (ops) and their toxicity to fish, cyprinus carpio, using chemoffice 8.03 and dragon 2.1. by multivariate linear regression and intervariable regression analyses, various equations have been derived to calculate the lethal toxicity value, lc(50), for 43 ops found in fish with different levels of toxicity. results show that for all selected ops, especially those ...	2006	16246398
possible implication of macrophages in the regulation of cytochrome p450 activities in carp (cyprinus carpio).	macrophages play a key role in the regulation of cytochrome p450 activity induced by immunostimulants in mammals. we investigated the effects of immunostimulants (lps, dextran sulfate and tilorone) on biotransformation and macrophage activities in carp. the major effect of lps was its capacity to inhibit 3-mc-induced cytochrome p450 activities in the liver and head kidney. basal phase i activities were reduced by tilorone and dextran sulfate in immune organs. tilorone and dextran sulfate differe ...	2006	16337134
evidence for recombination of mitochondrial dna in triploid crucian carp.	in this study, we report the complete mitochondrial dna (mtdna) sequences of the allotetraploid and triploid crucian carp and compare the complete mtdna sequences between the triploid crucian carp and its female parent japanese crucian carp and between the triploid crucian carp and its male parent allotetraploid. our results indicate that the complete mtdna nucleotide identity (98%) between the triploid crucian carp and its male parent allotetraploid was higher than that (93%) between the triplo ...	2006	16322508
autoradiographic localization and binding study of benzodiazepines receptor sites in carp brain (cyprinus carpio l.).	this study demonstrates, for the first time, by both autoradiography and binding assay that [3h]ro 15-1788 binds to carp brain with a high degree of anatomical selectivity. saturation binding of the radioligand was determined in seven anatomically defined regions and suggested the presence of one class of binding sites (type i-lke). in general, there was a good correlation between the autoradiographic and the binding data. by far, the optic tectum and the vagal, facial, and glossopharyngeal lobe ...	2006	16298509
the in vitro effects of some pesticides on carbonic anhydrase activity of oncorhynchus mykiss and cyprinus carpio carpio fish.	systemic carbonic anhydrase (ca) inhibitors are among the most powerful agents to lower intraocular pressure. unfortunately, their use is frequently accompanied by undesired side effects. some are due to the relatively large amounts of drug that have to be systematically administered to inhibit the ca in the ciliary processes. the aim of the present work was to study in vitro effects of some pesticides on ca enzyme obtained from blood of fish, which play a key role in salt- and osmoregulation an ...	2006	16298474
preservative effect of combined treatment with electrolyzed nacl solutions and essential oil compounds on carp fillets during convectional air-drying.	the antimicrobial and antioxidant effects on carp fillet samples of treatments with alkaline electrolyzed nacl solution ew (-) prior to treatment with acidic electrolyzed nacl solution ew (+) and 1% solutions of the essential oils consisting of 0.5% carvacrol and 0.5% thymol (1% cv+ty) were tested. first carp fillet samples were treated with ew (-), then ew (+), followed by 1% (c+t), represented as [ew (-)/ew (+)/1% (cv+ty)] for 15 min, during drying at 45 degrees c. samples were subsequently ev ...	2006	16271412
induction of cyp1a mrna in carp (cyprinus carpio) from the kalamazoo river polychlorinated biphenyl-contaminated superfund site and in a laboratory study.	the kalamazoo river superfund site in michigan is contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), which were heavily discharged into the river from several paper companies as part of the deinking process in the 1950s through 1970s. we characterized biomarkers of chronic pcb exposure in a resident fish population using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to examine mrna expression levels of multiple genes in carp (cyprinus carpio) liver from pcb contaminated and referenc ...	2006	16328624
an in vitro study of long-term potentiation in the carp (cyprinus carpio l.) olfactory bulb.	long-term potentiation (ltp) of synaptic transmission is considered a cellular mechanism for neural plasticity and memory formation. previously, we showed that in the carp olfactory bulb, ltp occurs at the dendrodendritic mitral-to-granule cell synapse following tetanic electrical stimulation applied to the olfactory tract, and suggested that it is involved in the process of olfactory memory formation. as a first step towards understanding mechanisms underlying plasticity at this synapse, we exa ...	2006	16328534
the ontogeny of mucosal immune cells in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	the ontogeny of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) immune cells was studied in mucosal organs (intestine, gills and skin) using the monoclonal antibodies wcl38 (intraepithelial lymphocytes), wcl15 (monocytes/macrophages) and wci12 (b cells). in addition, recombination activating gene 1 expression was examined in the intestine with real time quantitative pcr and in situ hybridization to investigate extrathymic generation of lymphocytes. wcl38(+) intraepithelial lymphocytes (putative t cells) appeared in t ...	2006	16328358
hif-1alpha and inos levels in crucian carp gills during hypoxia-induced transformation.	hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (hif-1alpha) initiates expression of a wide variety of genes, some of which are involved in apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. we have previously shown that crucian carp increases its respiratory surface area 7.5-fold in response to hypoxia. this change is due to apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in specific parts of its gills. here we have characterized crucian carp hif-1alpha, and measured mrna, protein and dna binding levels during hypoxia exposure in crucian carp ...	2006	16362306
molecular cloning and mrna expression analysis of carp embryonic, slow and cardiac myosin heavy chain isoforms.	three embryonic class ii myosin heavy chains (myhs) were cloned from the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.), myhemb1, myhemb2 and myhemb3. myh dna clones were also isolated from the slow muscle of adult carp acclimated to 10 degrees c (myhs10) and 30 degrees c (myhs30). phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that myhemb1 and myhemb2 belonged to the fast skeletal muscle myh clade. by contrast, the sequence of myhemb3 was similar to the adult slow muscle isoforms, myhs10 and myhs30. myhemb1 and myhemb2 ...	2006	16354789
different sensitivity of carp (cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to the immunomodulatory effects of uvb irradiation.	in order to study the sensitivity of two fish species, carp (cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), to the immunomodulatory effects of ultraviolet b (uvb) radiation, the fish were exposed to a single uvb dose of 50, 250, 500 or 1,000 mj cm(-2). these species represent different phylogenetic groups of fish, and they differ also in their behaviour inhabitating often dark and turbid (carp) or clear and transparent waters (salmonids). immune responses were studied on day 1 post-ir ...	2006	16376572
toxicity, accumulation, and retention of zinc by carp under normoxic and hypoxic conditions.	zinc is an essential micronutrient that becomes toxic at elevated concentrations. under hypoxic events, i.e., temporal depletion of oxygen, the toxicity of zn increases for fish, apart from the direct effects of the reduced oxygen levels. this enhanced toxicity currently is explained by the increased ventilation rates under hypoxia, causing a higher water flow over the gills. however, the few experimental studies available on the uptake of heavy metals under hypoxia draw contradictory conclusion ...	2006	16494228
down regulation of bisphenol a glucuronidation in carp during the winter pre-breeding season.	environmental pollution by bisphenol a is prevalent in many rivers. the influence of bisphenol a on the reproductive organs of carp has been demonstrated to be serious, especially in the winter pre-breeding season. although bisphenol a is detoxified as bisphenol a-glucuronide in carp organs, principally the intestine, the seasonal variation in the efficiency of the detoxification is not known. to estimate the seasonal risk of bisphenol a in carp, we investigated seasonal changes in microsomal ud ...	2006	16481053
functional analysis on the 5'-flanking region of carp fast skeletal myosin heavy chain genes for their expression at different temperatures.	two types of the fast skeletal myosin heavy chain (myh) genes were cloned from a genomic dna library of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) and named myh10 and myh30, which showed the sequence similarity to the myh cdnas predominantly expressed in carp acclimated to 10 and 30 degrees c, respectively. the 5'-flanking region of about 3 kbp in size each from myh10 and myh30 contained various cis-elements to bind to transcriptional regulatory factors such as myod family and myocyte enhancer factor 2 (mef2) fa ...	2006	16472943
improved uptake of plant-derived ltb-linked proteins in carp gut and induction of specific humoral immune responses upon infeed delivery.	oral vaccination of fish is an effortless and stress free immunisation method which can be used for almost any age. however, vaccination via the mucosal route does have disadvantages. for example, the vaccine may induce tolerance and has to be protected to escape digestion. also the vaccine should be efficiently delivered to immune-competent cells in the gut or other lymphoid organs. in addition, it should be cost effective. here we present a novel fish vaccination model using potato tubers as v ...	2006	16464614
beta-2-microglobulin gene expression is maintained in rainbow trout and atlantic salmon kept at low temperatures.	finfish in the wild are regularly subjected to low temperatures, which have been shown to cause a loss of major histocompatibility receptor expression in common carp kept at 6 degrees c. this is similar to what was seen in a mammalian cell line cultured at 26 degrees c. loss of expression of this critical viral recognition protein may provide one mechanism for the increased frequency of fish diseases at low temperatures. this report demonstrates that unlike carp and mammals, beta(2)m transcript ...	2006	16464613
the presence of multiple and differentially regulated interleukin-12p40 genes in bony fishes signifies an expansion of the vertebrate heterodimeric cytokine family.	interleukin-12 (il-12) is the founding member of a rapidly growing family of heterodimeric cytokines. it consists of two subunits, designated p35 and p40 that together constitute a disulphide-linked heterodimeric cytokine. il-12 is well known for its prominent role in both the early innate immune response and the skewing of the ensuing acquired immune response towards th1. here, we report the presence of il-12p35 and three highly distinct il-12p40 genes in common carp (cyprinus carpio). the carp ...	2006	16460805
sublethal effects of organophosphate diazinon on the brain of cyprinus carpio.	effects of diazinon, at different concentrations and exposure times, were investigated in freshwater fish, cyprinus carpio, to elucidate the possible mode of action on lipid peroxidation together with the inhibitory effect of diazinon on acetylcholinesterase activity and changes in tissue protein levels. cholinesterase inhibition is considered to be a specific biomarker of exposure to organophosphorus pesticides. fish were exposed to 0.0036 microg/l, 0.018 microg/l, and 0.036 microg/l (sublethal ...	2006	16455590
assessment of effects in mink caused by consumption of carp collected from the saginaw river, michigan, usa.	polychlorinated hydrocarbons, including polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (pcdds), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (pcdfs), are ubiquitous environmental contaminants that bioconcentrate in the food chain. numerous studies have demonstrated mink (mustela vison) to be one of the most sensitive species to this group of compounds. in recent studies, a lesion characterized by osteoinvasion of epithelial cells into the mandible and maxilla of young mink fed diets co ...	2006	16418898
exposure of spermatozoa to duroquinone may impair reproduction of the common carp (cyprinus carpio) through oxidative stress.	toxicity of many waterborne organic contaminants to aquatic organisms is mediated through oxidative damages resulting from the production of reactive oxygen species (ros). using duroquinone as a model ros inducer, we carried out in vitro and in vivo experiments to test the hypothesis that reproduction in common carp (cyprinus carpio) can be impaired through oxidative damage of their spermatozoa. in vitro exposure of fish spermatozoa to 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 microm duroquinone for 2 h show ...	2006	16413940
ontogeny of the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) innate immune system.	the ontogeny of the teleost innate immune system was studied in carp using cellular, histological and quantitative molecular techniques. carp myeloid cells first appeared ventro-lateral of the aorta at 2 days post fertilization (the start of hatching), and subsequently around the sinuses of the vena cardinalis (or posterior blood islet), head kidney and trunk kidney. in addition, the hematopoietic tissue around the sinuses of the vena cardinalis transformed into that of the trunk kidney, which i ...	2006	16406121
crf and stress in fish.	the endocrine stress response is pivotal in vertebrate physiology. the stress hormone cortisol-the end product of the endocrine stress axis-(re-)directs energy flows for optimal performance under conditions where homeostasis may be or become at risk. key players in the continuous adaptation process are corticotropin-releasing factor (crf) from the hypothalamic nucleus preopticus (npo), pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth) and cortisol produced by the interrenal cells in the headkidney (a ...	2006	16403502
in vitro study of amp-deaminase from fish (cyprinus carpio) treated with hydrolyzable tannins.	amp-deaminase (ec 3.5.4.6) is an enzyme responsible for stabilising adenylate energy changes. the properties of this enzyme are controlled by various ligands of hydrophobic nature. an investigation of enzyme activity alterations under the influence of natural phenolic acids (tannic, ellagic and gallic) which are soluble in water, could evidence the biological toxicity of these compounds. in our study purified amp-deaminase isolated from white muscle of cyprinus carpio was exposed to phenolic aci ...	2006	16646524
development and validation of a direct homologous quantitative sandwich elisa for fathead minnow (pimephales promelas) vitellogenin.	vitellogenin (vtg) is an established and sensitive endpoint for analysis of exposure to (anti-)oestrogens and their mimics in fish [sumpter, j.p., 1995. feminized responses in fish to environmental estrogens. toxicol. lett. 82, 737-742; arukwe, a., goksøyr, a., 2003. eggshell and egg yolk proteins in fish: hepatic proteins for the next generation: oogenetic, population, and evolutionary implications of endocrine disruption. comp. hepatol. 2, 4. ]. in some instances, links have been drawn between ...	2006	16644026
valsartan cardio-renal protection in patients undergoing coronary angiography complicated with chronic renal insufficiency (val-carp) trial: rationale and design.	despite an increase in the frequency of coronary angiography (cag) in japan, the exact incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy (cin) remains unknown in the japanese population, especially in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. in addition, the nature of pharmacological interventions that would benefit the patients before or after procedures such as coronary bypass graft (cabg) and percutaneous coronary intervention (pci) has not been fully investigated.	2006	16636488
determination of the big head carp myofibrillar (aristichthys nobilis) adenosine triphosphatase activity by ion chromatography.	a method for the determination of adenosine triphosphatase (atpase) activity of myofibrils of big head carp by using ion chromatography was introduced. adenosine triphosphate (atp), adenosine diphosphate (adp) and orthophosphate (pi) were separated completely. recoveries for atp, adp and pi were 98+/-5%, 97+/-4% and 98+/-5%, respectively. pi liberated from atp during reaction was monitored by ion chromatography using the suggested method. this method was applicable to the determination of myofib ...	2006	16701679
three-dimensional visualization of a mandibular first molar with three distal roots using computer-aided rapid prototyping.	nonsurgical endodontic therapy of a right mandibular first molar with 3 distal roots was successfully performed with the aid of magnification. 3d data (dicom format) of the tooth were obtained from a ct highspeed advantage and a denta scan program produced by ge medical systems. the ct protocol used for this procedure involved a slit thickness of 1 mm. the 3d digital data obtained were fed into a visualization program (v-works; cybermed co) and then exported to the rapid prototyping machine for ...	2006	16632282
cadmium and zinc induction of znt-1 mrna in an established carp cell line.	the cdna of a zinc transporter-1 (znt-1) gene was cloned from an established cell line derived from common carp (cyprinus carpio) using rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). using real-time quantitative pcr, we showed that both zinc (zn) and cadmium (cd) transiently upregulate znt-1 mrna to comparable levels. the loosely bound cellular zn pool, as estimated using the zn-specific probe fluozin-3, was increased threefold after exposure to 250 microm zncl(2). correspondingly, the znt-1 mrna leve ...	2006	16627006
[toxic hepatitis associated with carp juice ingestion].	the potential hepatotoxicity of herbal remedies and/or health foods is usually ignored in daily life. there have been cases showing the toxic hepatitis and renal failure associated with the ingestion of raw carp bile. we experienced a case of toxic hepatitis without any evidence of renal failure that was associated with carp juice ingestion. the clinical manifestations were characterized by nausea and vomiting after the ingestion of carp juice for 3 months. the diagnosis of toxic hepatitis was m ...	2006	16565611
ultrastructural changes of the carp (cyprinus carpio) hepatocyte nucleolus during seasonal acclimatization.	the eurythermal fish carp (cyprinus carpio) adjusts to the seasonal changes in the temperature and photoperiod of its habitat through diverse cellular and molecular mechanisms. we have observed that ribosomal biogenesis is modulated during the acclimatization process and correlates with profound phenotypic changes, reflecting a seasonal-dependent ultrastructural appearance of the nucleolar components. previous studies using classical techniques showed that in winter-adapted carp the nucleolus ap ...	2006	16563129
evidence for melano-macrophage centres of teleost as evolutionary precursors of germinal centres of higher vertebrates: an immunohistochemical study.	the melano-macrophage centres (mmcs) of the haemolymphopoietic organs of teleost fish trap and retain antigens and are closely associated with immunoglobulin-secreting cells. the hypothesis that they are the phylogenetic precursors of the germinal centres of higher vertebrates has been questioned due to their apparent lack of organising cells. in this study the immunoreactivity of mmc cells from spleen and kidney of the teleosts cyprinus carpio, odontesthes bonariensis and solea senegalensis to ...	2006	16533606
influence of dispersants on bioconcentration factors of seven organic compounds with different lipophilicities and structures.	seven compounds with different lipophilicities and structures--1,3,5-trichlorobenzene, pentachlorobenzene, acenaphthylene, 1,4-dimethyl-2-(1-methylphenyl)benzene, 4-ethylbiphenyl, 4,4'-dibromobiphenyl, and 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane--were subjected to bioconcentration tests in carp at concentrations below the water solubilities of the compounds in the presence or absence of a dispersant (either an organic solvent or a surfactant). the bioconcentration factors (bcfs) of the com ...	2006	16527330
characterization of a novel virus causing a lethal disease in carp and koi.	since 1998 a lethal disease of carp and ornamental koi (cyprinus carpio) has afflicted fisheries in north america, europe, and asia, causing severe economic losses to the fish farming industry. this review summarizes the isolation and identification of the disease-causing agent and describes the currently known molecular characteristics of this newly isolated virus, distinguishing it from other known large dna viruses. in addition, we summarize the clinical and histopathological manifestations o ...	2006	16524920
plasma sampling and freezing procedures influence vitellogenin measurements by enzyme-linked immunoassay in the fathead minnow (pimephales promelas).	the present study compared three different methods for measuring plasma vitellogenin (vtg) in fathead minnow (fhm; pimephales promelas): a procedure using liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization combined with tandem mass spectrometry (lc/esi-ms/ms), and two commercial enzyme-linked immunoassay (elisa) kits using either anti-carp or anti-fhm antibodies. the influence on plasma vtg measurements of using the protease-inhibitor aprotinin during blood sampling and of submitting the plasma ...	2006	16519293
cloning of crucian carp (carassius cuvieri) metallothionein-ii gene and characterization of its gene promoter region.	the genomic dna of crucian carp (carassius cuvieri) metallothionein-ii (ccmt-ii), with its upstream region, was obtained. the sequence analysis of its upstream region revealed several putative cis-acting elements including seven metal regulatory elements (mres), three activator protein 1 (ap1), two glucocorticoid response elements (gres), etc. the seven mres locate into two clusters, a distal cluster with four mres within -800/-600bp from the translation start site and a proximal cluster with th ...	2006	16516146
hepatic antioxidant enzymes and total glutathione of cyprinus carpio exposed to three disinfectants, chlorine dioxide, sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid, for superficial water potabilization.	this study was carried out in order to assess the effects of disinfectant-treatment on antioxidant response of cyprinus carpio l. therefore, enzymatic activities of glutathione s-transferases, glyoxalase i, glyoxalase ii, glutathione peroxidases, glutathione reductase, catalase and total glutathione content of carp liver, exposed to surface water treated with three disinfectants for potabilization, sodium hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide and peracetic acid were investigated. specimens of carp were ...	2006	16504240
expression profiles of tcrbeta and cd8alpha mrna correlate with virus-specific cell-mediated cytotoxic activity in ginbuna crucian carp.	our previous studies have demonstrated that virus-specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity of sensitized leukocytes can be induced using clonal ginbuna crucian carp and their syngeneic cell lines. in the present study, we attempt to determine if virus-specific cytotoxic cell populations of fish express cd8alpha and tcrbeta genes. leukocytes from ginbuna crucian carp were separated into four fractions by immunomagnetic separation and density gradient centrifugation: fraction a, leukocytes with a densi ...	2006	16497350