Publications

[gas gangrene of the orbit].	this case report describes a penetrating injury of the orbit damaging the inferior division of the oculomotor nerve and causing a clostridium perfringens inflammation of the orbit within 24 hours.	1988	3361788
evaluation of elisa, rpla, and vero cell assays for detecting clostridium perfringens enterotoxin in faecal specimens.	three hundred and ninety two faecal specimens from 70 separate outbreaks of suspected clostridium perfringens food poisoning were examined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), reversed passive latex agglutination (rpla), and vero cell assays for the presence of enterotoxin. although the most time consuming method, elisa was the most specific and reproducible. rpla was slightly more sensitive than elisa, but it showed some non-specific reactions. the vero cell assay was the least sensiti ...	1988	3366934
human and bovine coronaviruses recognize sialic acid-containing receptors similar to those of influenza c viruses.	human coronavirus oc43 and bovine coronavirus elute from agglutinated chicken erythrocytes when incubated at 37 degrees c, suggesting the presence of a receptor-destroying enzyme. moreover, bovine coronavirus exhibits an acetylesterase activity in vitro using bovine submaxillary mucin as substrate similar to the enzymatic activity found in influenza c viruses. furthermore, pretreatment of erythrocytes with either influenza c virus or bovine coronavirus eliminates subsequent binding and agglutina ...	1988	3380803
the effects of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin on intracellular levels or transport of uridine, thymidine and leucine do not fully explain enterotoxin-induced inhibition of macromolecular synthesis in vero cells.	clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin (cpe) has been shown previously to inhibit the incorporation of radiolabeled precursors into acid-insoluble material but the mechanism of inhibition is unknown. it has also been shown that extracellular calcium is required for some cpe effects. in this report, it is shown that cpe completely and virtually simultaneously inhibits incorporation of precursors into rna, dna and protein in either the presence or absence of extracellular divalent cations and ...	1988	3382398
recovery of anaerobic bacteria from clinical specimens in 12 years at two military hospitals.	examination of 15,844 clinical specimens submitted over 12 years (1973 to 1985) to the anaerobic microbiology laboratories in two military hospitals demonstrated the recovery of anaerobic bacteria in 4,458 (28.1%) specimens. the specimens yielded 6,557 anaerobic isolates (1.47 isolates per specimen). bacteroides spp. accounted for 43% of all isolates; anaerobic gram-positive cocci, 26%; clostridium spp., 7%; and fusobacterium spp., 4%. bacteroides spp. predominated in abscesses, obstetrical and ...	1988	3384929
detection of clostridium perfringens beta toxin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of clostridium perfringens beta toxin in intestinal contents has been developed by a modification of the method reported for epsilon toxin. although the test results for beta and epsilon toxins cannot be directly compared, lower levels of beta toxin were generally demonstrated in the samples examined. the use of the elisa for beta toxin in conjunction with that for epsilon toxin allows the differential diagnosis of c perfringens type ...	1988	3387684
the second component of human complement: use of glycosidases and glucosylation to distinguish the two forms.	the two forms of human plasma c2 that were described in the preceding report (1) were investigated for their functional and biochemical differences. incubation with the neuraminidase (nan'dase) of clostridium perfringens at 37 degrees c resulted in a four- to fivefold increase in the hemolytic activity of both forms. the increase in activity was different than the increase caused by treatment with iodine. the mechanism of increased activity of nan'dase-treated c2 was the generation of increased ...	1988	3391637
damaging effects of clostridium perfringens delta toxin on blood platelets and their relevance to ganglioside gm2.	the lytic effect of clostridium perfringens delta toxin was investigated on goat, human, rabbit, and guinea pig platelets. in contrast to erythrocytes from the latter three species, which are insensitive to the toxin, the platelets were equally lysed by the same amount of toxin. these results suggest the presence of gm2 or gm2-like ganglioside(s) as a specific recognition site of the toxin on platelet plasmic membrane as previously established for sensitive erythrocytes. plasmic membrane damage ...	1988	3162668
interaction of n-acetyl-4-epi-d-neuraminic acid with key enzymes of sialic acid metabolism.	in spite of the axially orientated hydroxy group at c-4, the benzyl alpha-glycoside of n-acetyl-4-epi-d-neuraminic acid (4-epi-neuac) is a substrate for sialidases from vibrio cholerae, clostridium perfringens, and arthrobacter ureafaciens, although to an extent which differs depending on the enzyme. surprisingly, v. cholerae sialidase is by far the slowest acting enzyme; this is in contrast to its usual behavior. fowl plague virus sialidase and bovine testis sialidase also cleave this glycoside ...	1988	3166979
post-processing microflora and the shelf stability of gari marketed in port harcourt.	gari was examined for its post-processing microbial content. aerobic mesophilic bacteria and fungi were isolated from all samples. the total viable bacterial counts ranged from 2.0 x 10(2) to 8.0 x 10(4) cfu/g. fungal counts ranged from 1.0 x 10(2) to 1.5 x 10(4) cfu/g. the total viable counts of fresh samples were much lower than those of market and packaged samples. bacillus, micrococcus and proteus spp. were the bacteria isolated, aspergillus niger, aspergillus flavus and penicillium spp. the ...	1988	3170384
phosphatidylcholine synthesis in platelets is stimulated by diacylglycerol but not by phorbol ester.	the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine (pc) in platelets was followed by measuring the incorporation of 32pi. incorporation into pc was stimulated by treatment with clostridium perfringens phospholipase c or with the synthetic diacylglycerol sn-1,2-dioctanoylglycerol. however, neither the phorbol ester tumour promoter 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate or thrombin stimulated 32pi incorporation into pc. we conclude that phorbol ester does not stimulate the hydrolysis of pc to diacylglycerol in ...	1988	3178864
two-stage reimplantation in infected total knee arthroplasty.	twenty-one infected total knee arthroplasties (tka) in 21 patients were treated from september 1980 through october 1987. of these, 15 were followed for more than one year. treatment of these patients consisted of thorough debridement of all infected tissue and components; a cement spacer was used in ten patients. the cement was impregnated with antibiotics. this procedure was followed for an average of 4.2 weeks with intravenous antibiotics and tka utilizing antibiotic-impregnated cement. five ...	1988	3180576
ciprofloxacin in combination with metronidazole.	ciprofloxacin has a reduced activity against anaerobic pathogens. therefore, a combination of ciprofloxacin with an antimicrobial agent active against anaerobes, such as metronidazole, seems to be interesting for the treatment of mixed aerobic/anaerobic infections. high metronidazole concentrations (10 mg/l or 40 mg/l) neither affected the bactericidal efficacy of ciprofloxacin on aerobic pathogens, such as escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterococcus faecalis ...	1988	3182096
the comparative in-vitro activity of ofloxacin.	the antibacterial activity of ofloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, was evaluated against a wide range of clinical bacterial isolates and compared with that of nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, enoxacin, pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin by determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics). ofloxacin was very active against nalidixic acid-susceptible isolates of the enterobacteriaceae (mic less than or equal to 0.12 mg/l) and was also active against strains resistant to nalidixic acid (mic less than o ...	1988	3182468
gas gangrene occurring soon after compound depressed skull fracture.	two cases of clostridium perfringens infection occurring less than 24 hours after compound depressed skull fracture are reported. the infection was principally intracranial in the first and extracranial in the second; both required surgical debridement and antibiotic treatment. attention is drawn to the rapidity with which a potentially life-threatening infection can develop in civilian head injury and to the implications for acute management of patients with compound depressed fractures.	1988	3218554
[aerobic and anaerobic bacterial flora of crural ulcers].	in a group of 600 patients treated in the metropolitan dermatological hospital in warsaw bacteriological examination were carried out of swabs from the untreated crural ulcers. in 95% of these cultures growth of pathological aerobic organisms was obtained. coagulase-positive staphylococci (st. aureus) and gram-negative bacteria (pseudomonas aeruginosa, proteus vulgaris, enterobacter sp and e. coli) prevailed. in 27% of cases the cultured strains were resistant to the generally available antibiot ...	1988	3268941
dynamics of drug-dna interactions: a comparative temperature jump study of ellipticinium and 9-hydroxy ellipticinium.	the temperature-jump method has been used to compare the binding of 2-n methyl ellipticinium (nme) and 2-n methyl 9 hydroxy ellipticinium (nmhe) to three natural dna's of different at/gc composition. the relaxation signals, analyzed by the padé-laplace method, are characterized by two distinct relaxation times, tau 1 and tau 2, respectively in the 1-4 ms and 20-80 ms range. in the case of the nmhe/dna interaction, the slower relaxation time tau 2 depends on the dna composition, as follows: tau 2 ...	1988	3271531
comparative activity of the 4-quinolones.	minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of the 4-quinolones ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, difloxacin, a-56620, and ci-934 are consistent world-wide, with allowances for differences in acquired resistance. mics of these drugs for enterobacteriaceae correlate with those of nalidixic acid, but resistance to the quinolones is rare if a breakpoint of greater than 2 mg/l is accepted. most intestinal pathogens are sensitive. acinetobacter, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and oth ...	1988	3279501
the penetration of fleroxacin into intra-abdominal abscesses.	using a recently developed, low mortality model of an intra-abdominal abscess in the wistar rat, we have studied the penetration of fleroxacin into the abscess. maximum serum concentration was 1.83 +/- 0.39 mg l and occurred 1 h after iv injection (20 mg/kg), but even at 4 h after administration the mean serum level was 1.21 +/- 0.27 mg/l. by contrast, levels in pus were 6.27 +/- 0.83 mg/l at 1 h rising steadily to a value of 12.7 +/- 3.69 mg/l at 4 h. the study has confirmed exceptional antibio ...	1988	3144528
[blockade of the inhibitory effect of clostridium perfringens alpha toxin on cytochrome p-450 using edtacal].		1988	3144731
establishment of a monoclonal antibody recognizing an antigenic site common to clostridium botulinum type b, c1, d, and e toxins and tetanus toxin.	the partial amino acid sequence of the light-chain (lc) component of clostridium botulinum type c1 toxin was determined. the sequence was quite similar to those of the other types of botulinum and tetanus toxins. nine monoclonal antibodies against botulinum type e toxin were established by immunizing balb/c mice with type e toxoid or its lc component. six antibodies reacted with the heavy-chain component and three reacted with the lc component of the toxin. one of the latter three antibodies rea ...	1988	2450068
the effect of a clostridium perfringens 8-6 enterotoxin on viability and macromolecular synthesis in vero cells.	clostridium perfringens type a 8-6 enterotoxin causes gross morphological damage to vero cells grown in tissue culture. damage was observed to occur after only 30 minutes exposure at concentrations as low as 20 ng/ml, and within 60 minutes 95% of the cells had detached. concentrations as low as 0.01 ng were able to cause detectable inhibition of plating efficiency. the enterotoxin inhibited dna, rna and protein synthesis and caused the reversal of glucose transport. heat inactivated enterotoxin ...	1988	2451521
enterotoxin of clostridium perfringens type a forms ion-permeable channels in a lipid bilayer membrane.	the enterotoxin of clostridium perfringens type a was found to form ion-permeable channels in a lipid bilayer. a patch clamp technique was used to detect channel activities in an asolectin bilayer with incorporated enterotoxin. about 20% of the lipid bilayer patches examined showed rectangular or stepwise shift of membrane current. the shifts indicated the gating of ion-permeable channels in the patches. the channels showed high conductance (40-450 ps), no rectification in current-voltage curves ...	1988	2460102
studies of uv-inducible promoters from clostridium perfringens in vivo and in vitro.	expression of a 4 kb segment of the bacteriocinogenic plasmid, pip404, from clostridium perfringens is inducible by uv-irradiation. dna sequence analysis revealed that this region contains three genes: uvia, uvib and bcn encoding the bacteriocin bcn5. biochemical studies with mrnas showed that expression was controlled at the transcriptional level and that the genes were organized in two independent transcriptional units, uviab and bcn, both directed by tandem promoters inducible by uv light. th ...	1988	2460717
clostridium perfringens type c enterotoxemia.	forms of enteric disease caused by clostridium perfringens type c are critically reviewed with emphasis on practical aspects and recent research findings. available data indicate that more animal species may be fatally infected by type c of this organism than by any other type of c. perfringens. fatal cases have been recorded in pigs, cattle, sheep, horses and humans. newborn animals are typically the most susceptible, possibly related to aspects of bacterial colonization, intestinal digestive f ...	1988	17423103
gizzard erosions as a cause of mortality in white leghorn chickens.	increased mortality connected with gizzard erosions has been observed in several flocks of white leghorn chicks in sweden. bacterial infection of the gizzard wall was a common finding in chicks that had died from the disease. infection with clostridium perfringens is supposed to be the main cause of mortality, but the primary cause of the gizzard lesions has not been established.	1988	18766710
trypsin inhibitors inhibit induction by interferon-gamma of hla-dr antigen expression on human skin cells.	serine protease inhibitors with a specificity for trypsin inhibit interferon-gamma (inf-gamma)-induced hla-dr expression on a hybrid human epidermal cell line (h12), dermal fibroblasts, and primary keratinocytes. protease inhibitors with a specificity for chymotrypsin or papain fail to inhibit ifn-gamma. the inhibitory effect of the trypsin inhibitors is similar to that of glucocorticoids in that it is a transient event, fading with length of exposure to ifn-gamma, and is reversed by the additio ...	1989	2472285
receptor-mediated adherence of campylobacter pylori to mouse y-1 adrenal cell monolayers.	an in vitro adherence assay was developed to study the adherence of campylobacter pylori to mammalian cells. strains of c. pylori were isolated from individuals with gastritis. these strains possessed the fibrillar n-acetylneuraminyllactose(neuraminlactose)-binding hemagglutinin (nlbh) and were found to adhere to monolayers of mouse y-1 adrenal cells. adherence was rapid, prevented by pretreatment of the y-1 cells with clostridium perfringens neuraminidase, and blocked by the neuraminlactose-con ...	1989	2473033
bacteriological findings in patients with bone marrow transplantation (karl marx university leipzig, 1985-1987).	the results of the bacteriological surveillance cultures for 26 patients with bone marrow transplantation (karl marx university leipzig, g.d.r., 1985-1987) are presented. 5.9% of all surveillance cultures contained facultatively pathogenic germs (with pseudomonas aeruginosa as the most frequent representative, which was the reason of a sepsis in two patients). coagulasenegative staphylococci and other germs with an obscure pathogenicity were isolated upon a large scale, especially from the mucou ...	1989	2480310
[enumeration and identification of clostridium from stools treated with the thioglycollate-lysozyme method].	we have used spore isolation by the sodium thioglycolate-lysozyme technique on collected stools. of the 51 stools studied, we found 41% of clostridium perfringens with an average ratio of 10(4) germs/gr. 15 strains were typical double hemolysis and trehalose positive-5 presented only one hemolysis and were trehalose negative. we only found a single strain of clostridium difficile with a rate of 10(4) germs/gr in the stools of a 10 months infant.	1989	2489405
contraction of the rat isolated aorta caused by clostridium perfringens alpha toxin (phospholipase c): evidence for the involvement of arachidonic acid metabolism.	1. alpha toxin produced by clostridium perfringens contracted the rat isolated aorta and stimulated release of arachidonic acid in the tissue. 2. quinacrine did not inhibit contraction caused by the toxin. 3. indomethacin blocked contraction caused by the toxin in a dose-dependent manner and markedly increased levels of arachidonic acid released by the toxin. 4. the toxin-induced contraction was blocked by the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor oky-046 and the thromboxane a2 (txa2) antagonist ono- ...	1989	2497921
effects of exogenous phospholipase enzymes, arachidonic acid and 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol on ketogenesis in isolated rat hepatocytes.	studies were conducted to see whether exogenous phospholipase c from clostridium perfringens, phospholipase a2 from crotalus adamanteus venom, arachidonic acid and 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (oag) mimic the anti-ketogenic action of vasopressin in isolated rat hepatocytes. exogenous phospholipase c inhibited ketogenesis in the presence of 0.5 mm oleate. experiments employing [1-14c]oleate, however, indicated that the mechanism involved in the anti-ketogenic action of exogenous phospholipase c ...	1989	2499356
phospholipase activation and arachidonic acid release in cultured intestinal epithelial cells (int 407).	the release of free arachidonic acid (aa) in cultured intestinal epithelial cells (int 407) was investigated. int-407 cells were first incubated overnight with radiolabeled 14c-aa, and most of the incorporated 14c-aa esterified into phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylinositol. labeled cells were then exposed to different stimulating agents and the release of free 14c-aa determined. the calcium ionophore a23187 caused a dose-dependent aa release that was preceded by a ...	1989	2506636
comparative in vitro activity of the new oral penem alp-201 against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.	the in vitro activity of the new penem derivative alp-201 against 226 aerobic and 350 anaerobic clinical bacterial isolates was determined using agar dilution techniques. for comparison amoxicillin, cefaclor, ceftazidime, doxycycline, erythromycin, imipenem and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were also tested with aerobic bacteria, and cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, imipenem, metronidazole and piperacillin with anaerobic bacteria. alp-201 was found to be highly active against escherichia ...	1989	2512142
influenza virus changes cell-surface glycoproteins including major histocompatibility complex determinants on lymphocytes.	the effect of influenza virus infection on the expression of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) antigens was investigated. infection with influenza virus resulted in an increase of the binding of anti-mhc class i and class ii antibodies to resting t cells. the binding of anti-mhc class ii antibodies to activated t cells was increased approximately threefold. the binding of anti-mhc class i and class ii antibodies to epstein-barr virus-transformed b cells appeared unaffected after influenza v ...	1989	2514159
production by clostridium spiroforme of an iotalike toxin that possesses mono(adp-ribosyl)transferase activity: identification of a novel class of adp-ribosyltransferases.	clostridium spiroforme iotalike toxin produced time- and concentration-dependent incorporation of adp-ribose into homo-poly-l-arginine. polyasparagine, polyglutamic acid, polylysine, and agmatine were poor substrates. enzyme activity was associated with the light-chain polypeptide of the toxin. the heavy chain did not possess adp-ribosyltransferase activity, nor did it enhance or inhibit activity of the light chain. in broken-cell assays, the toxin acted mainly on g-actin, rather than f-actin. a ...	1989	2521214
[lactitol and neomycin: monotherapy or combined therapy in the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy?].	the beneficial effect of disaccharides, lactulose and lactitol, in prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy is well established but their use in combination with neomycin is still controversial. we studied in vitro the fecal bacterial growth, acid and gas formation in presence of lactitol (beta-galactoside-sorbitol) and neomycin alone or in combination. the results indicate that neomycin only inhibits the growth of susceptible bacteria (e. coli, staph. aureus) which, conversely, are po ...	1989	2525995
molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the alpha-toxin (phospholipase c) of clostridium perfringens.	a fragment of dna containing the gene coding for the phospholipase c (alpha-toxin) of clostridium perfringens was cloned into escherichia coli. the cloned dna appeared to code only for the alpha-toxin and contained both the coding region and its associated gene promoter. the nucleotide sequence of the cloned dna was determined, and an open reading frame was identified which encoded a protein with a molecular weight of 42,528. by comparison of the gene sequence with the n-terminal amino acid sequ ...	1989	2536355
cloning and expression of the phospholipase c gene from clostridium perfringens and clostridium bifermentans.	the phospholipase c gene from clostridium perfringens was isolated, and its sequence was determined. it was found that the structural gene codes for a protein of 399 amino acid residues. the nh2-terminal residues have the typical features of a signal peptide and are probably cleaved after secretion. escherichia coli cells harboring the phospholipase c gene-containing plasmid expressed high levels of this protein in the periplasmic space. phospholipase c purified from e. coli transformants was en ...	1989	2536356
preliminary evidence that clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin is present in a 160,000-mr complex in mammalian membranes.	clostridium perfringens type a 125i-enterotoxin (125i-cpe) was bound to rabbit intestinal brush border membranes (bbms) or vero cells and then solubilized with 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethyl-ammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (chaps). solubilized radioactivity was analyzed by gel filtration chromatography on a sepharose 4b column or by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) without sample boiling and autoradiography. specifically bound 125i-cpe extracted from either bbms o ...	1989	2536357
adp-ribosylation of actin causes increase in the rate of atp exchange and inhibition of atp hydrolysis.	adp-ribosylation of skeletal muscle actin by clostridium perfringens iota toxin increased the rate of exchange of actin-bound [gamma-32p]atp by unlabelled atp about twofold. increased exchange rates were observed with atp and atp[gamma s], much less with adp but not with amp or nad. adp-ribosylation of skeletal muscle actin reduced "basal" and mg2+ (1 mm)-induced atp hydrolysis by about 80%. similar inhibition of atp hydrolysis was observed with liver actin adp-ribosylated by clostridium botulin ...	1989	2537199
antagonism exerted by an association of a bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain and a fusobacterium necrogenes strain against clostridium perfringens in gnotobiotic mice and in fecal suspensions incubated in vitro.	antagonism between an association of bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and fusobacterium necrogenes strains and two strains of clostridium perfringens was evidenced both in vivo in gnotobiotic mice and ex vivo in fecal suspensions incubated for 22 h at 37 degrees c. several features of this antagonism were similar in and ex vivo. (i) an obligate and continuous synergy between b. thetaiotaomicron and f. necrogenes was required; (ii) the two c. perfringens strains did not respond to the same extent to ...	1989	2537255
clostridium perfringens and staphylococcus epidermidis polymicrobial septic arthritis. a case report.	septic arthritis caused by clostridium perfringens is extremely rare. previously there has been only one report of clostridium perfringens in combination with an aerobe causing septic arthritis. this report presents a 23-year-old man with a mixed aerobic/anaerobic septic arthritis treated with intravenous antibiotics and repeated surgical drainage. it is the only report to date of a polymicrobial septic arthritis involving both staphylococcus epidermidis and clostridium perfringens. this report ...	1989	2538275
diffuse pneumocephalus from clostridium perfringens meningitis: ct findings.		1989	2539004
sudden visual loss associated with clostridial bacteraemia.		1989	2539187
primary clostridial meningitis in infancy.		1989	2539582
population of salmonella typhimurium in the cecum of gnotobiotic chickens.	to test the interaction of various species of bacteria with salmonella typhimurium, levels of s. typhimurium were measured in the cecum of gnotobiotic chickens inoculated with various test bacteria and subsequently with s. typhimurium. the population of s. typhimurium was suppressed in the cecum of chickens previously inoculated with escherichia coli. populations of bacteroides vulgatus, clostridium perfringens, bifidobacterium thermophilum, or lactobacillus acidophilus were transiently, though ...	1989	2539590
[cleavage and synthesis of sialic acids with aldolase. nmr studies of stereochemistry, kinetics, and mechanisms].	1h-nmr spectroscopy was used to study cleavage and synthesis of n-acetyl- and n-glycoloyl-d-neuraminic acid by clostridium perfringens aldolase. whereas the alpha-anomers of neu5ac and neu5gc serve as substrate in the cleavage reaction, alpha-mannac and alpha-manngc are its primary products. the same alpha-anomers are needed by the aldolase for the synthesis of neu5ac and neu5gc. during the enzyme reaction in d2o both h-atoms at c-3 of neu5ac are exchanged by deuterium, h-3e reacting faster than ...	1989	2539841
fatal clostridium perfringens septicemia associated with gastrointestinal arteriovenous malformations (vascular ectasias).	clostridial infections usually occur in association with trauma, malignancy, or intra-abdominal disease. a 72-year-old previously healthy man presented with abdominal distress and fever. he developed a hemolytic anemia, coagulopathy, and fulminant clostridial septicemia. the patient died less than 24 hours after presentation. at autopsy, no malignancy was detected. the patient had an acute clostridial hepatic abscess and multiple arteriovenous malformations (vascular ectasias) of the large and s ...	1989	2540727
cloning and sequencing of a phospholipase c gene of clostridium perfringens.	the gene encoding phospholipase c (alpha-toxin) of clostridium perfringens was cloned into lambda gt10. the maximal size of the coding region was 1.4 kb and the minimum was 1.1 kb as determined by subcloning into the vector pbr322 and testing for activity. the nucleotide sequence of this region contained a single open reading frame of 1194 bp corresponding to a protein of mr 45473 with a possible n-terminal signal sequence of 28 amino acids which when removed, would give a mature protein of mr 4 ...	1989	2540749
nucleotide sequence analysis and expression studies of a chloramphenicol-acetyltransferase-coding gene from clostridium perfringens.	the nucleotide sequence of a cmr determinant, located on the clostridium perfringens plasmid pip401, was determined and its gene product was identified as chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat). the cat structural gene is preceded by transcription-initiation signals characteristic for escherichia coli sigma 70 or bacillus subtilis sigma 43 promoters. by promoter probing in the heterologous hosts the direction of transcription of the clostridial cat gene was analysed and the cat mrna start point ...	1989	2541053
enteritis necroticans: a review.		1989	2541526
construction of an escherichia coli-clostridium perfringens shuttle vector and plasmid transformation of clostridium perfringens.	a stable shuttle vector which replicates in escherichia coli and clostridium perfringens was constructed by ligating a 3.6-kilobase (kb) fragment of plasmid pbr322 with c. perfringens plasmid phb101 (3.1 kb). the marker for this shuttle plasmid originated from the 1.3-kb chloramphenicol resistance gene of plasmid phr106. the resulting shuttle vector, designated pak201, is 8 kb in size and codes for resistance to 20 micrograms of chloramphenicol per ml in both e. coli and c. perfringens. followin ...	1989	2541660
foodborne gastroenteritis due to norwalk virus in a winnipeg hotel.	within 1 week four separate incidents of gastroenteritis presumed to be foodborne were reported by guests of a winnipeg hotel. investigation revealed poor food-handling practices and illness among the kitchen staff. elevated bacterial counts and escherichia coli were found in 15 of 24 samples of food tested, and staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 2 pastry samples. culture of 14 stool samples for bacteria yielded clostridium perfringens in 1 sample from a staff member and coagulase-positive ...	1989	2541881
antimicrobial activity of clove oil dispersed in a concentrated sugar solution.	essential oil of clove, dispersed (0.4% v/v) in a concentrated sugar solution, had a marked germicidal effect against various bacteria and candida albicans. staphylococcus aureus (five strains), klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, clostridium perfringens, and escherichia coli inoculated at a level of 10(7) cfu/ml, and c. albicans (inoculum 4.0 x 10(5) cfu/ml) were killed (greater than 99.999%) after 2-7 min in a laboratory broth supplemented with 63% (v/w) of sugar, and containing 0.4 ...	1989	2542213
clostridium perfringens food poisoning: use of serotyping in an outbreak setting.	an outbreak of clostridium perfringens food poisoning occurred among attendees of a firehouse luncheon. the predominant symptoms of diarrhea (100%) and abdominal pain (81%) among case-patients, the mean incubation period (13.4 h), and the mean duration of illness (21.2 h) were all characteristic of c. perfringens enteritis. roast beef, although not epidemiologically implicated, was the most likely vehicle of transmission. fecal specimens from case-patients contained a median c. perfringens spore ...	1989	2542360
comparison of counter immunoelectrophoresis with mouse protection assay in the detection of epsilon toxin in the intestinal contents of goats.		1989	2543355
pathogenicity of enterococci in a rat model of fecal peritonitis.	the pathogenicity of enterococci in intraabdominal sepsis has not been clarified. therefore, fecal-type peritonitis was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of barium sulfate along with a bacterial inoculum consisting of escherichia coli, bacteroides fragilis, and clostridium perfringens with or without streptococcus faecalis. mortality at 19 d and characteristics of intraabdominal abscesses in survivors at 19 d were analyzed. the presence of s. faecalis in the original inoculum was sign ...	1989	2543707
characterization of calcium involvement in the clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin-induced release of 3h-nucleotides from vero cells.	this report characterizes the involvement of ca2+ in the release of nucleotides from vero cells caused by clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe). a positive linear correlation was observed between increased cpe-induced nucleotide-release and increased extracellular calcium over the range 0.01 to 10 mm calcium. above 5 mm ca2+, cpe-specific lysis (i.e. disintegration of cells as monitored by light microscopy) was observed. addition of 1.7 mm ca2+ to vero cells previously cpe-treated in ca2+-fr ...	1989	2543884
monoclonal antibodies against alpha toxin of clostridium perfringens.	ten distinct monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against alpha toxin of clostridium perfringens were produced by the fusion of sp2/o with spleen cells of mice immunized with alpha toxoid, and alpha toxin mixed with or without ethylenediamine-tetraacetate (edta). the antibody activity was evaluated by antigen-binding activity in an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), by phospholipase c (plc)-neutralizing activity using both egg yolk lecithin and p-nitrophenylphosphoryl-choline (pnppc) hydrolysis ...	1989	2544482
stimulation of growth and sporulation of clostridium perfringens by its homologous enterotoxin.	c. perfringens enterotoxin shortened the lag phase and time of onset of sporulation of the same organism in a dose-dependent manner. the toxin stimulated macromolecular synthesis of pre-exponential phase cells.	1989	2544483
neutrophil oxidative metabolism after exposure to bacterial phospholipase c.	the effects of phospholipase c (plc) from clostridium perfringens and bacillus cereus on bovine neutrophil oxidative metabolism were studied by measuring superoxide production and oxygen consumption in response to plc alone or in combination with other stimuli. plc from both species elicited superoxide production and enhanced the response to stimulation by naf when the two stimuli were given simultaneously. however, oxygen consumption in response to latex beads was markedly inhibited by pretreat ...	1989	2544653
determination of the a-t content of dna by second-derivative ultraviolet spectroscopy.	a method for the determination of the a-t content of dna based on second-derivative ultraviolet spectra is presented. it allows measurement in a wide range of ph values, ionic strengths, and buffer media. it is nondestructive for the sample and requires not more than 10 micrograms of dna.	1989	2545106
contraction induced by clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin in the isolated rat ileum.	clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin caused contraction of the isolated ileum of the rat in a dose-dependent manner. the contraction caused by the toxin was inhibited by a low na medium, tetrodotoxin (ttx), atropine, mecamylamine or tetraethylammonium (tea). furthermore, the contractile response induced by the toxin was abolished by incubation in ca-free medium, and completely restored by and addition of ca2+. in addition, verapamil inhibited contraction induced by the toxin in a dose-dependent ...	1989	2545518
gas-producing necrotizing fasciitis following mandibular fracture.	a case of necrotizing fasciitis following a mandibular fracture is reported. the diagnosis and treatment of the disease are discussed.	1989	2545847
phospholipase c and haemolytic activities of clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin cloned in escherichia coli: sequence and homology with a bacillus cereus phospholipase c.	the clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin (phospholipase c) gene (cpa) has been cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. the biological activities of the cloned gene product have been analysed and the complete nucleotide sequence of the cpa gene has been determined. the cloned cpa gene product, which is exported to the periplasm in e. coli, possesses both phospholipase c and haemolytic activities. haemolysis is not apparent when cell extracts are incubated with isotonic suspensions of sheep eryth ...	1989	2546005
postpartum uterine infection with clostridium perfringens.	clostridium perfringens is commonly present in the female genital tract. uterine infection with this organism is a potentially fatal disease infrequently seen in obstetric practice. the manifestations of c. perfringens uterine infection are variable, ranging from endometritis to gas gangrene with fulminant septicemia. the usual precipitating event has been septic abortion, but such infections can also occur spontaneously in uterine tumors and after complicated deliveries requiring mechanical int ...	1989	2546243
bacteria and gallstone nucleation.	this preliminary study reports for the first time that there might be a possible association between bacteria and the aetiology of some cholesterol calculi. the gall-bladder biles from 225 cholecystectomy patients underwent bacteriological and microscopic study. cholesterol calculi from 13 patients (10.2%) were observed to be associated with gall-bladder bile profusely infected with at least one bacterial species that was shown to possess beta-glucuronidase activity, an enzyme that is thought to ...	1989	2546527
avoiding injuries caused by pigs.		1989	2546640
bacterial overgrowth in the jejunum of icr mice and wistar rats orally administered with a single lethal dose of fusarenon-x, a trichothecene mycotoxin.	a single oral dose of fusarenon-x (f-x), a trichothecene mycotoxin, resulted in abnormal microflora in the jejunum in icr mice and wistar rats with some differences in dose response between the species. in the acute phase, enterobacteria, streptococci, clostridium perfringens and bacteroides showed remarkably increased counts in the jejunum of mice and rats dosed with f-x while lactobacilli showed a decrease in count. f-x brought an invasion of pseudomonas aeruginosa into the livers, lungs, kidn ...	1989	2546912
porcine clostridium perfringens type a spores, enterotoxin and antibody to enterotoxin.	forty-two clostridium perfringens type a strains isolated from cases of diarrhoea in pigs were tested for their ability to sporulate and produce enterotoxin in three different sporulation media. enterotoxin was produced by 11 of the 42 c perfringens type a isolates (26.2 per cent). thirteen isolates (30.9 per cent) produced spores at a frequency of 10 per cent or more. spore production was recorded in 24 (57.1 per cent) of the isolates. the titres of enterotoxin produced by the isolates ranged f ...	1989	2547268
comparison of fecal microflora of elderly persons in rural and urban areas of japan.	the fecal microflora of 15 healthy elderly persons with a median age of 84 years in a rural area whose inhabitants tend to be long-lived (yuzurihara-area, uenohara, yamanashi prefecture) was compared with the microflora of individuals with a median age of 68 years in an urban area (tokyo). the diet of the elderly persons in the yuzurihara area is characterized by a high intake of dietary fiber. total numbers of anaerobic bacteria were significantly smaller in the elderly persons in the yuzurihar ...	1989	2547333
alteration of the spermatozoal glycocalyx and its effect on duration of fertility in the fowl (gallus domesticus).	the hypothesis that sialic acid has a role in spermatozoal sequestration within the hen's oviduct was tested by treating spermatozoa with clostridium perfringens neuraminidase. spermatozoal content of sialic acid ranged from 94 to 135 micrograms per 10(9) spermatozoa (n = 12 roosters). spermatozoa contained 80% of total seminal sialic acid (coefficient of variation = 4.6%). spermatozoal sialic acid content was reduced by 18% when 10(9) spermatozoa were incubated at ph 6.5 with 10 iu neuraminidas ...	1989	2547463
anaerobic infections.		1989	2547928
[the occurrence of escherichia coli, aeromonas hydrophila, plesiomonas shigelloides and clostridium perfringens in the intestinal flora of gray herons (ardea cinerea)].	the flora of the large intestine of 92 grey herons was examined for the frequency of aerobic and microaerobic growing bacteria. clostridium perfringens, aeromonas hydrophila, plesiomonas shigelloides and e. coli were isolated from 55%, 48%, 14% and 35% of the birds, respectively. it could be demonstrated that the findings of these bacteria in the intestinal flora are depending on the age of the birds. the percentage of carriers of clostridium perfringens, aeromonas hydrophila and plesiomonas shi ...	1989	2548355
comparative antibacterial activity of the new cephalosporin cefcanel against anaerobic bacteria.	the activity of cefcanel against anaerobic cocci, clostridium perfringens, bacteroides fragilis, bacteroides spp. and fusobacteria was determined by the agar dilution method and compared with the activity of cefaclor, cephalexin, cefadroxil, phenoxymethylpenicillin and ampicillin. cefcanel showed good activity against clostridium perfringens, bacteroides spp. and fusobacteria (mic90 = 1-4 mg/l). against anaerobic cocci its mic90 value was 16 mg/l, and against bacteroides fragilis, 32 mg/l. cefca ...	1989	2548866
modulation of clostridium perfringens intestinal colonization in infants delivered by caesarean section.	the colonization by clostridium perfringens was investigated in 19 infants delivered by caesarean section during the two first weeks of life. the pattern of c. perfringens colonization depended upon the feeding. breast feeding led to the repression of c. perfringens, whereas bottle feeding allowed its maintenance. on the contrary, bifidobacterium bifidum growth was favoured by breast feeding. however, in one breast-fed infant, b. bifidum was never isolated and c. perfringens decreased. breast fe ...	1989	2548965
nosocomial diarrhea associated with enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens infection in dogs.	a retrospective analysis of the medical records of 30 consecutive cases of diarrhea occurring in dogs that were hospitalized in a teaching hospital was performed. a prospective analysis of culture results for clostridium perfringens of dogs with diarrhea were compared with those of a control nondiarrheal group. hospital-acquired diarrhea in dogs was found to be associated with multiple serotypes of enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens. other potential etiologic agents could not be isolated. c ...	1989	2548985
[dna helix-coil transition in alkaline medium].	dna helix-coil transition in th alkaline medium was considered theoretically and experimentally. on the basis of the theory and experimental comparison the dna double-stranded form deprotonation was revealed.	1989	2549396
genome organization of the anaerobic pathogen clostridium perfringens.	a physical map of the genome of clostridium perfringens, an important human pathogen, has been established by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. recognition sites for six rare-cutting endonucleases were situated on a single circular chromosome of approximately 3.6 million base pairs thus defining 50 arbitrary genetic intervals of between 10 and 250 kilobase pairs. this considerably facilitated the chromosomal localization of some 24 genes and loci for which probes were available and allowed the c ...	1989	2549543
infectious anemia caused by a parvovirus-like virus in georgia broilers.	pale chicks with necrotic dermatitis, small bursas of fabricius (bfs), small thymuses, pale bone marrow, and watery blood were suspected of having parvovirus-like virus- (pvlv) associated disease. histologic lesions included atrophy or hypoplasia of thymuses and bfs, and septic necrotizing clostridial dermatitis and hepatitis. clostridium perfringens was cultured from skin and liver. a pvlv was isolated in a marek's disease tumor cell line (mdcc-msb1) culture and was identified by physicochemica ...	1989	2549935
evidence that alterations in small molecule permeability are involved in the clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin-induced inhibition of macromolecular synthesis in vero cells.	the mechanism by which clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) simultaneously inhibits rna, dna, and protein synthesis is unknown. in the current study the possible involvement of small molecule permeability alterations in cpe-induced inhibition of macromolecular synthesis was examined. vero cells cpe-treated in minimal essential medium (mem) completely ceased net precursor incorporation into rna and protein within 15 minutes of cpe treatment. however, rna and protein synthesis continued for a ...	1989	2550473
fatal clostridial pancreatitis following ercp and percutaneous needle biopsy.	a patient with a large necrotic pancreatic carcinoma underwent ercp and percutaneous biopsy of the cancer and of a suspected hepatic metastasis. on the second day, she developed a massive hemolysis with a 50% drop of hemoglobin level and a rise of serum bilirubin level from 1.3 to 37.5 mg%. gas was noted on followup ct scan of the pancreas. clostridium perfringens was found by needle aspiration of the pancreas and on multiple blood cultures. death resulted from sepsis on the fourth day. since er ...	1989	2550563
[an outbreak of enterocolitis due to clostridium perfringens in a hospital for the severely disabled].	we had an outbreak of 14 cases of enterocolitis due to clostridium perfringens (cl. perfringens) in a hospital for the severe multiply-disabled, where the 100 disabled were admitted, in summer in 1985. the signs and symptoms shown by this enterocolitis were primarily diarrhea without fever and loss of appetite. the feces of 10 cases were examined bacteriologically. the test showed 10(3) to 10(6) cells of cl. perfringens per one gram of their feces and all the strains isolated were untypable by t ...	1989	2550564
phospholipase c-mediated intestinal mucosal damage is ameliorated by quinacrine.	phospholipase c from clostridium perfringens, when injected into a closed loop of the rat small intestine in vivo, caused an increase in the activity of intraluminal n-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and mucosal permeability to sodium fluorescein, indicating damage to the mucosa. phospholipase c also caused an influx of granulocytes (neutrophils) into the mucosa, as shown by the myeloperoxidase activity--a granulocyte neutrophil marker, and increased localized lipid peroxidation. pretreatment of ani ...	1989	2551803
[analyses of pathogenic factors in bacteria--bacterial toxins: clostridial toxins, e.g. c. tetani neurotoxins and c. perfringens type a enterotoxin].		1989	2552188
cloning and hybridization analysis of ermp, a macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin b resistance determinant from clostridium perfringens.	the erythromycin resistance determinant from clostridium perfringens cp592 was cloned and shown to be expressed in escherichia coli. the resultant plasmid, pjir122 (7.9 kilobase pairs [kb]), was unstable since in both reca+ and reca e. coli hosts spontaneous deletion of 2.7 kb, including the erythromycin resistance determinant, was observed. subcloning, as well as deletion analysis with bal 31, localized the erythromycin resistance gene (ermp) to within a 1.0-kb region of pjir122. a 0.5-kb fragm ...	1989	2552908
vero cell assay for rapid detection of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin.	a rapid assay which measured the biological activity of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin was developed. the method involved the rapid killing of vero cells by enterotoxin produced by c. perfringens grown in duncan and strong sporulation medium. serial dilutions of toxin were added to vero cells either in suspension or grown as monolayers in wells of a 96-well cell tissue culture cluster plate. vital staining of vero cells with neutral red, followed by extraction of the dye, allowed toxin leve ...	1989	2552918
[the seasonal toxigenicity of different cultured plants for clostridia in relation to so-called wildlife mortality].	in the juice of plants which could be eaten by hares different amounts of toxins (haemolysin, lecithinase) could be found after the partly addition of a c. perfringens field strain and subsequent anaerobic incubation. sterile filtrates showed a very pronounced toxigenicity. the presented results proof in tendency that oilseed-rape (00-rape seed), wheat, and barley as green plants can contribute in clostridial toxicosis in hares, whereas grass and beets are involved only partially, and clover is ...	1989	2552986
effect of n,n'-bis(alkyldimethyl)-alpha, omega-alkanediammonium dibromides on bacteria of the genus clostridium.	antibacterial effect of 17 ammonium compounds of the type of n,n'-bis(alkyldimethyl)-alpha, omega-alkanediammonium dibromides was tested on anaerobically sporulating bacteria of the genus clostridium. a sizable antibacterial activity was displayed by five n,n'-bis(alkyldimethyl)-1,6-hexanediammonium dibromides and by four n,n'-bis(decyldimethyl)-alpha, omega-alkanediammonium dibromides. these compounds exhibited activity higher than, or comparable with, that of the reference standards ajatin and ...	1989	2553558
susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to meropenem.	the activity of meropenem was determined against 350 strains of anaerobic bacteria by an agar dilution method. it was compared with those of piperacillin, cefoxitin, imipenem, clindamycin, metronidazole and chloramphenicol. meropenem and imipenem were the most active agents tested. on the basis of these results, meropenem appears to be a promising antimicrobial agent for anaerobic infections and warrants further clinical investigation.	1989	2553656
rubredoxin from clostridium perfringens: complete amino acid sequence and participation in nitrate reduction.	the complete primary structure of rubredoxin (rd) isolated from clostridium perfringens was sequenced to be: mkkficdvcgyiydpavgdpdngvepgtefkdipddwvcplcgvdksqfsetee. the sequence was highly homologous to that of c. pasteurianum rd but was different at 13 sites out of the total 54 amino acid residues (76% homology). it contained 1 fe atom, 4 cysteine residues, and no labile sulfur, had a molecular weight of 6,056, and shared the general properties of classical anaerobic rds. the pi was 4.4. the rd ...	1989	2553684
interaction of clostridium perfringens delta toxin with erythrocyte and liposome membranes and relation with the specific binding to the ganglioside gm2.	the specific interaction of the cytolytic clostridium perfringens delta toxin with membrane gm2 was indicated by: (i) characterization of this glycolipid in the membrane of sheep and goat erythrocytes, which are lysed by the toxin, whereas gm2 was undetectable in insensitive rabbit erythrocytes, (ii) demonstration of 125i-toxin binding to gm2, by autoradiography, following incubation with thin-layer chromatograms containing separated neuroblastoma gangliosides, and (iii) toxin fixation by phosph ...	1989	2554536
hybridization analysis of three chloramphenicol resistance determinants from clostridium perfringens and clostridium difficile.	the chloramphenicol resistance determinant from a nonconjugative strain of clostridium perfringens was cloned and shown to be expressed in escherichia coli. subcloning and deletion analysis localized the resistance gene, catq, to within a 1.25-kilobase (kb) partial sau3a fragment. the catq gene contained internal hindii, haeiii, and drai restriction sites and was distinct from the catp gene, which was originally cloned (l. j. abraham, a. j. wales, and j. i. rood plasmid 14:37-46, 1985) from the ...	1989	2554801
[purification of phospholipase c isoenzyme 1 from clostridium perfringens and its properties].	a procedure for the purification of isoenzyme i of phospholipase c from cl. perfringens was developed. the isoenzyme was purified to homogeneity (data from disc electrophoresis) using affinity chromatography on polycephamide and gel filtration through ultrogel aca-54, the enzyme yield being 41%. some properties of the purified isoenzyme i (ph and temperature optima, stability, effect of metal ions and detergents, substrate dependence) were investigated. no significant differences between the pro ...	1989	2554985
concentration of giardia lamblia cysts, legionella pneumophila, clostridium perfringens, human enteric viruses, and coliphages from large volumes of drinking water, using a single filtration.	poliovirus, coliphages, giardia lamblia cysts, clostridium perfringens spores, and legionella pneumophila were concentrated simultaneously in a single pass by sequential filtration of large volumes of drinking water through 3- and 1-micron wound electronegative fiberglass cartridge filters (25.4 cm). filtration was performed under acidic conditions (ph 3.5) in the presence of 0.001 m aluminum chloride to enhance adsorption. elution of all the microorganisms entrapped or adsorbed to the filters w ...	1989	2555036
electroporation-mediated transformation of lysostaphin-treated clostridium perfringens.	a reliable and efficient method has been developed for the electroporation-mediated transformation of clostridium perfringens with plasmid dna. transformation of vegetative cells of c. perfringens strain 13 with the 7.9-kb escherichia coli-c. perfringens shuttle plasmid phr 106 required pretreatment with lysostaphin (2 to 20 micrograms/ml) for 1 h at 37 degrees c. cells harvested early in the logarithmic stage of growth were transformed more efficiently than cells at other growth phases. the tra ...	1989	2555265
[the possibility of the germination of spores of pathogenic clostridia and bacilli in soil].	a possibility of germination of clostridia (cl. tetani and cl. perfringens) and bacilli (bac. anthracis, sti vaccine strain) has been studied in model experiments with native soil. mature spores did not germinate upon contact with native soil of deferent agrochemical types. addition of meat-pepton medium and other protein, amino acid, and sugar-containing media led only to "swelling" of spores. the data obtained support the conclusions drawn by many researches that pathogenic clostridia and baci ...	1989	2555404
[fulminant gas gangrene panophthalmia following perforating scleral injury].	a 13-year-old boy developed clostridium perfringens panophthalmitis due to a penetrating scleral injury. the characteristic symptoms were unusually severe periocular pain, lid edema, decreased motility and protrusion of the eye, severe conjunctival chemosis, pus covering the conjunctiva and cornea, green-brown hypopyon, gas bubbles in the anterior chamber, and amaurosis within 60 hours. in view of the patient's ocular status and impaired general condition enucleation was unavoidable. the results ...	1989	2555626
clostridium perfringens septicemia with massive hemolysis.	massive hemolysis with acute renal failure occurred in a previously healthy 69-year-old patient as a complication of clostridium perfringens septicemia secondary to gall bladder empyema. to our knowledge, this is one of the few patients with c. perfringens septicemia and massive intravascular hemolysis who survived the episode and regained a normal renal function.	1989	2555910