Publications

genome structure and evolution of the bacillus cereus group.		2002	12012872
saccharomyces boulardii and bacillus cereus var. toyoi influence the morphology and the mucins of the intestine of pigs.	the mode of action of probiotics is still incompletely understood. to study the interactions between probiotic micro-organisms and the host their effects on morphology and mucins of the intestinal mucosa were investigated. fifteen clinically healthy weaned pigs were divided into three groups and received either saccharomyces boulardii or bacillus cereus var. toyoi or were left untreated. sections of duodenum, proximal and mid jejunum, ileum, caecum, and colon were examined. an increase of villus ...	2002	12016561
screening of soil bacteria for production of biocleaner.	soil bacteria were studied for the production of biodegradable cleaning agents. among 86 bacterial strains resistant to liquid paraffin, 58 showed hemolytic activity. these strains were cultured, and the supernatant of culture broths was evaluated for cleaning activity against a dirty porcelain tile. potent activity was exhibited in 18 strains. the lowest value of surface tension was obtained from bacillus sp. nkb03 suggesting the presence of a biosurfactant. aeromonas sp. nkb26c and bacillus ce ...	2002	12018259
identification of a series of tricyclic natural products as potent broad-spectrum inhibitors of metallo-beta-lactamases.	this work describes the discovery and characterization of a novel series of tricyclic natural product-derived metallo-beta-lactamase inhibitors. natural product screening of the bacillus cereus ii enzyme identified an extract from a strain of chaetomium funicola with inhibitory activity against metallo-beta-lactamases. sb236050, sb238569, and sb236049 were successfully extracted and purified from this extract. the most active of these compounds was sb238569, which possessed k(i) values of 79, 17 ...	2002	12019104
new labdene iterpenes from eupatorium glutinosum.	the new diterpene glucoside 3,15-dihydroxy-ent-labd-7-en-17-oic acid 3-o-beta-d-glucoside (1) and its aglycone (2) have been isolated from eupatorium glutinosum. the structures were determined by ir, one- and two-dimensional nmr, high-resolution mass spectrometry, chemical transformations, and comparison of spectroscopic data with closely related diterpenes. crude extracts showed antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, but compounds 1 and 2 showed only antimicrobial activity. these results suppo ...	2002	12027751
synthesis and phospholipase c inhibitory activity of d609 diastereomers.	the potassium xanthate d609 is widely accepted as a selective inhibitor of pc-specific phospholipase c (pc-plc). the tricyclo[5.2.1.(02,6)]decane skeleton present in d609 can lead to four diastereomeric pairs, but the diastereoselectivity of pc-plc inhibition has never been reported. in this article, the synthesis of racemic d609 diastereomers and that of other xanthates, as well as their inhibitory effect on pc-plc is reported. all xanthates obtained were competitive inhibitors of pc-plc from b ...	2002	12030321
proteomic analysis reveals differential protein expression by bacillus cereus during biofilm formation.	bacillus cereus, a dairy-associated toxigenic bacterium, readily forms biofilms on various surfaces and was used to gain a better understanding of biofilm development by gram-positive aerobic rods. b. cereus dl5 was shown to readily adapt to an attached mode of growth, with dense biofilm structures developing within 18 h after inoculation when glass wool was used as a surface. two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2de) revealed distinct and reproducible phenotypic differences between 2- and 18-h- ...	2002	12039732
enterotoxin production in natural isolates of bacillaceae outside the bacillus cereus group.	thirty-nine bacillus strains obtained from a variety of environmental and food sources were screened by pcr for the presence of five gene targets (hblc, hbld, hbla, nhea, and nheb) in two enterotoxin operons (hbl and nhe) traditionally harbored by bacillus cereus. seven isolates exhibited a positive signal for at least three of the five possible targets, including bacillus amyloliquefaciens, b. cereus, bacillus circulans, bacillus lentimorbis, bacillus pasteurii, and bacillus thuringiensis subsp ...	2002	12039781
oviposition attractancy of bacterial culture filtrates: response of culex quinquefasciatus.	oviposition attractants could be used for monitoring as well as controlling mosquitoes by attracting them to lay eggs at chosen sites. in the present study, culture filtrates of seven bacterial species were tested for their attractancy against gravid females of culex quinquefasciatus. when their oviposition active indices (oai) were studied, the culture filtrates of bacillus cereus and pseudomonas fluorescens exhibited oviposition attractancy (oai = > 0.3) at 100 ppm and the oai were respectivel ...	2002	12048566
a phosphate-stimulated nad(p)+-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in bacillus cereus.	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh), a key enzyme of central carbon metabolism, was studied in a bacillus cereus strain isolated from the phosphate layer from morocco. enzymatic assays with cell extracts demonstrated that when grown on luria-bertani (lb) medium, b. cereus contains a major nad+-dependent gapdh activity and only traces of nadp+-dependent activity, but in cells grown on pi-supplemented lb medium a strong increase of the nadp+-dependent activity, that became predominant ...	2002	12052547
swarming motility in bacillus cereus and characterization of a fliy mutant impaired in swarm cell differentiation.	this report describes a new behavioural response of bacillus cereus that consists of a surface-induced differentiation of elongated and hyperflagellated swarm cells exhibiting the ability to move collectively across the surface of the medium. the discovery of swarming motility in b. cereus paralleled the isolation of a spontaneous non-swarming mutant that was found to carry a deletion of fliy, the homologue of which, in bacillus subtilis, encodes an essential component of the flagellar motor-swi ...	2002	12055298
characterization of the bactericidal activity of the natural diterpene kaurenoic acid.	kaurenoic acid is a diterpene with selective antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria. the compound is bacteriolytic for bacillus cereus. this activity was only partially affected by the composition and ph of the culture medium. loss of the ability to retain the gram stain and morphological alterations were produced in b. cereus cells exposed to kaurenoic acid. on the other hand, lps mutants of salmonella typhi were resistant to the compound, but spheroplasts of escherichia coli bec ...	2002	12058325
antimicrobial studies on three species of hypericum from the canary islands.	the antimicrobial activity of several extracts and fractions of the aerial parts of hypericum canariense, hypericum glandulosum and hypericum grandifolium was investigated using the disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods against twelve reference microorganisms (eight bacterial and four fungal strains). the methanol extract and chloroform fraction of h. canariense, as well as the methanol extracts, butanol and chloroform fractions of both h. glandulosum and h. grandifolium exhibited a goo ...	2002	12065165
bacteriological safety issues in red meat and ready-to-eat meat products, as well as control measures.	the importance of eschericha coli o157, listeria monocytogenes and salmonella typhimurium dt104 as meat-borne pathogens is well established. pathogenic bacteria such as aeromonas spp., arcobacter spp., psychrotrophic bacillus cereus, campylobacter spp., clostridium botulinum and non-invasive listeria monocytogenes can be regarded as rookies, but not yet firmly associated with today's production of red meat and meat products. the development of pcr and other dna-based techniques will shed new lig ...	2002	22061614
antimicrobial activity of the mycotoxin citrinin obtained from the fungus penicillium citrinum.	the mycotoxin citrinin was obtained from the fungus penicillium citrinum. it was tested for it's minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) against some gram positive strains viz. staphylococcus aureus, bacillus pumilus, bacillus subtillis, bacillus cereus, klebsiella pneumoniae, streptococcus pneumoniae, lactobacillus arabinosus and gram negative strains e.coli, shigella dysenteriae, shigella sonnei, shigella boydii, salmonella typhimurium, proteus mirabilis and vibrio cholerae. further the zones o ...	2002	22557053
antimicrobial action of the leaf extract of lagerstroemia parviflora roxb.	the benzene extract of the leaves of lagerstroemia paviflora roxb was tested for its minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) against gram positive staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, klebsiella pneumoniae, streptococcus pneumoniae, lactobacillus arabinosus and gram negative strains e.coli, shigella dysenteriae, shigella sonnei, shigella boydii, salmonella typhimurium, proteus mirabilis and vibrio cholerae. further the zones of inhibition produced by the crude extract agains ...	2002	22557054
phytochemical and antimicrobial studies of extracts of solanum xanthocarpum.	antibacterial activity pf various parts (stem, leaf and fruits) of solvent extracts (petroleum ether, alcohol and acetone) of solanum xanthocarpum against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, salmonella typhi and bacillus cereus were detected by zone of inhibition. the extracts of solanum xanthocarpum showed high sensitivity to kiebsiella pneumoniae and salmonella typhi, moderate sensitivity to escherichia coli and less sensitivity and resistant to bacillus cereus. in control, there is no in ...	2003	22557117
microbial succession in the rhizosphere of live and decomposing barley roots as affected by the antagonistic strain pseudomonas fluorescens dr54-bn14 or the fungicide imazalil.	abstract the protocol used in the present study was a long-term mesocosm experiment where the microbial succession around live barley roots and subsequent decomposing roots was assessed after seed coating with either the antagonistic strain pseudomonas fluorescens dr54-bn14 or the fungicide imazalil. four diversity measures were used: community level physiological profiles (clpp), bacteria-specific polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge), actinomycete-specifi ...	2003	19719670
sources of bacillus cereus contamination in a pasteurized zucchini purée processing line, differentiated by two pcr-based methods.	in previous work, raw materials used for processing pasteurized zucchini purée (zucchini, milk proteins and starch) and cultivation soil of zucchinis were found to be potential sources of stored product contamination with bacillus cereus. 134 b. cereus strains originating from these sources and from the stored product were typed using coliphage m13 sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (m13-pcr) and dna amplification fingerprinting. combined patterns from the two methods were compared using d ...	2003	19719681
isolation of nisin-producing lactococcus lactis wnc 20 strain from nham, a traditional thai fermented sausage.	a total of 14,020 lactic acid bacteria (lab) were isolated from nham and screened for bacteriocin production. one lactococcus lactis strain wnc 20 produced a bacteriocin that not only inhibited closely related lab, but also some food-borne pathogens including listeria monocytogenes, clostridium perfringens, bacillus cereus and staphylococcus aureus. biochemical studies revealed that the bacteriocin was heat-stable even at autoclaving temperature (121 degrees c for 15 min) and was active over a w ...	2003	12457588
antibacterial activity of extracts from some edible plants commonly consumed in asia.	extracts of edible plants (26 species) from china, japan, thailand and yemen were screened for their antibacterial activity against bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli and salmonella infantis. buffered methanol (80% methanol and 20% pbs) and acetone extracted inhibitory substances against tested bacteria from 16 plants, as revealed by the disc assay. the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of extracts determined by the agar dilution method ranged ...	2003	12423924
microbiological quality of 18 degrees c ready-to-eat food products sold in taiwan.	a total of 164 samples of 18 degrees c ready-to-eat (rte) food products, purchased in 1999-2000 from convenience stores and supermarkets in central taiwan, were examined to determine the microbiological quality of these products. the 18 degrees c rte food products, manufactured by 16 factories, were divided into groups based on the type of food and their major ingredients. aerobic plate count, coliforms, escherichia coli, bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus and psychrotrophic pseudomonas spp. ...	2003	12423926
crystal structure and site-directed mutagenesis of enzymatic components from clostridium perfringens iota-toxin.	iota-toxin from clostridium perfringens type e is an adp-ribosylating toxin (adprt) that adp-ribosylates actin, which is lethal and dermonecrotic in mammals. it is a binary toxin composed of an enzymatic component (ia) and a binding component (ib). ia adp-ribosylates g-actin at arginine 177, resulting in the depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton. here, we report on studies of the structure-function relationship by the crystal structures of ia complexed with nadh and nadph (at 1.8 a and 2.1 ...	2003	12498797
enterotoxigenicity and cytotoxicity of bacillus thuringiensis strains and development of a process for cry1ac production.	bacillus thuringiensis is indistinguishable from bacillus cereus except for the production of insecticidal crystal proteins (icps). b. thuringiensis strains may show enterotoxin profiles and toxin levels similar to those of b. cereus strains isolated from food-poisoning cases. it is important for the food industry and farmers to consider that with the application of b. thuringiensis strains to crops, their spores may be introduced into the human food chain. in this study, 59 b. thuringiensis str ...	2003	12502392
eggshell matrix proteins as defense mechanism of avian eggs.	this study focused on the role of eggshell matrix proteins as a function of potential natural antimicrobial defenses of avian eggs. the electrophoretic profile of sds-page showed that the soluble eggshell matrix proteins had three major bands of 15 000, 36 000, and 66 000 and several minor bands comprising 17 000, 25 000, 30 000, and 75 000, while insoluble matrix proteins were consisting of various bands comprising at least 16 distinct migration bands between 10 000 and 200 000. three bacteria ...	2003	12502416
application of a real-time biosensor to detect bacteria in platelet concentrates.	a spore-based biosensor for detecting low levels of bacteria in real-time has been recently developed. the system (termed lexsas, label-free exponential signal-amplification system) exploits spore's ability to produce fluorescence when sensing neighboring bacterial cells. we studied the lexsas as a possible approach for identifying bacterially contaminated platelet concentrates prior to transfusion because the system offers rapid analysis, high sensitivity, and low cost. if successful, this appr ...	2003	12480543
influence of ph and temperature on growth of bacillus cereus in vegetable substrates.	bacillus cereus is a food-borne pathogen which most often contaminates foods of plant origin. spores of psychrotrophic strains have the ability to germinate and grow at refrigeration temperatures in different vegetable substrates, such as carrot broth, zucchini broth, and cooked carrot purée. in some circumstances, factors such as ph, heat treatment, and storage temperature play a fundamental role in controlling the growth of these psychrotrophic strains and in extending the shelf life of refrig ...	2003	12505461
bacillus anthracis diverges from related clades of the bacillus cereus group in 16s-23s ribosomal dna intergenic transcribed spacers containing trna genes.	mung bean nuclease treatment of 16s-23s ribosomal dna intergenic transcribed spacers (its) amplified from several strains of the six species of the bacillus cereus group showed that b. anthracis davis te702 and b. mycoides g2 have other intermediate fragments in addition to the 220- and 550-bp homoduplex fragments typical of the b. cereus group. long and intermediate homoduplex its fragments from strains davis te702 and g2 and from another 19 strains of the six species were sequenced. two main t ...	2003	12513974
production of proinflammatory mediators by indoor air bacteria and fungal spores in mouse and human cell lines.	we compared the inflammatory and cytotoxic responses caused by household mold and bacteria in human and mouse cell lines. we studied the fungi aspergillus versicolor, penicillium spinulosum, and stachybotrys chartarum and the bacteria bacillus cereus, pseudomonas fluorescens, and streptomyces californicus for their cytotoxicity and ability to stimulate the production of inflammatory mediators in mouse raw264.7 and human 28sc macrophage cell lines and in the human a549 lung epithelial cell line i ...	2003	12515684
dna detection and signal amplification via an engineered allosteric enzyme.	rapid, sensitive, and sequence-specific dna detection can be achieved in one step using an engineered intrasterically regulated enzyme. the semi-synthetic inhibitor-dna-enzyme (ide) construct (left) rests in the inactive state but upon exposure to a complementary dna sequence undergoes a dna hybridization-triggered allosteric enzyme activation (right). the ensuing rapid substrate turnover provides the built-in signal amplification mechanism for detecting approximately 10 fmol dna in less than 3 ...	2003	12517141
bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus mycoides differentiation using a pcr-re technique.	a method was developed to differentiate between bacillus cereus, bacillus mycoides and bacillus thuringiensis using the polymerase chain reaction combined with a restriction endonuclease (pcr-re) technique. this fast and simple protocol, applied to pure culture strains, was developed using the gyrb dna sequence, as previously proposed by other authors. strains from international collections were used to optimize the method which was then applied to the identification of strains isolated from foo ...	2003	12485751
identification of aerobic mesophilic bacilli isolated from board and paper products containing recycled fibres.	to identify aerobic mesophilic bacteria isolated from coreboard, kitchen roll paper and food packaging boards containing recycled fibres and to create a rapid fingerprint-based database for their identification.	2003	12492920
thermal properties of bacterial spores and biopolymers.	differential scanning calorimetry (dsc) measurements of dormant bacterial spores is traditionally associated with an endothermic transition at around 50 degrees c. this endothermic transition was described as an indicator for two main physico-chemical states in spores. these were a glassy state in the dormant spore core as a model for spore dormancy and a heat-activated state that generally facilitates spore resuscitation. the idea of a glassy state in dormant spores is based on the observation ...	2003	12381399
bacteriocins from pediococcus pentosaceus l and s from pork meat.	two strains of pediococcus pentosaceus were isolated from refrigerated pork and found to produce antimicrobial substances that may inhibit foodborne pathogens and have potential as natural food preservatives. they were named p. pentosaceus l and s. the antimicrobial substances were purified to electrophoretical homogeneity by chloroform extraction and designated pentocins l and s with molecular masses (m) of 27 and 25 kda, respectively. both pentocins also had broad inhibition spectra and were t ...	2003	12568574
inactivation of bacteria and spores by pulse electric field and high pressure co2 at low temperature.	the common methods for inactivation of bacteria involve heating or exposure to toxic chemicals. these methods are not suitable for heat-sensitive materials, food, and pharmaceutical products. recently, a complete inactivation of many microorganisms was achieved with high-pressure carbon dioxide at ambient temperature and in the absence of organic solvent and irradiation. the inactivation of spores with co(2) required long residence time and high temperatures, such as 60 degrees c. in this study ...	2003	12569631
cloning, sequencing, and expression of the chitinase gene chia74 from bacillus thuringiensis.	the endochitinase gene chia74 from bacillus thuringiensis serovar kenyae strain lbit-82 was cloned in escherichia coli dh5 alpha f'. a sequence of 676 amino acids was deduced when the gene was completely sequenced. a molecular mass of 74 kda was estimated for the preprotein, which includes a putative 4-kda signal sequence located at the n terminus. the deduced amino acid sequence showed high degree of identity with other chitinases such as chib from bacillus cereus (98%) and chia71 from bacillus ...	2003	12571025
use of a promoter trap to identify bacillus cereus genes regulated by tomato seed exudate and a rhizosphere resident, pseudomonas aureofaciens.	the goal of this study was to identify genes in bacillus cereus, a bacterium commonly associated with plant seeds and roots, that are affected by compounds originating from a host plant, tomato, or another rhizosphere resident, pseudomonas aureofaciens. we constructed a b. cereus chromosomal dna library in a promoter-trap plasmid, pad123, which contains a promoterless version of the green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene, gfpmut3a. the library was screened by using fluorescence-activated cell sort ...	2003	12571047
altering substrate specificity of phosphatidylcholine-preferring phospholipase c of bacillus cereus by random mutagenesis of the headgroup binding site.	plc(bc) is a 28.5 kda monomeric enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bond of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylserine to provide a diacylglycerol and the corresponding phosphorylated headgroup. because single replacements of glu4, tyr56, and phe66 in the headgroup binding pocket led to changes in substrate specificity [martin et al. (2000) biochemistry 39, 3410-3415], a combinatorial library of approximately 6000 maltose binding protein-plc(bc) ...	2003	12578373
thiols as classical and slow-binding inhibitors of imp-1 and other binuclear metallo-beta-lactamases.	the inhibitory effect of a variety of thiol compounds on the function of binuclear metallo-beta-lactamases, with a particular focus on imp-1 from pseudomonas aeruginosa, has been investigated. thiol inhibitors, depending on their structural features, fall into two categories, one in which inhibition at neutral ph was instantaneous and the other in which inhibition was time-dependent. while mercaptans with anionic substituents in the vicinity of their sh groups exhibited the former type of inhibi ...	2003	12578382
mobility, bioavailability, and toxic effects of cadmium in soil samples.	total concentration is not a reliable indicator of metal mobility or bioavailability in soils. the physicochemical form determines the behavior of metals in soils and hence the toxicity toward terrestrial biota. the main objectives of this study were the application and comparison of three approaches for the evaluation of cadmium behavior in soil samples. the mobility and bioavailability of cadmium in five selected soil samples were evaluated using equilibrium speciation (windermere humic aqueou ...	2003	12584013
use of bioactive glass slides for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization analysis: application to microorganisms.	glass slides are widely used in high-throughput analysis and are available commercially with surfaces activated, etched, and channeled. thin glass microscope slides are shown here to be suitable sample supports for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (maldi) mass spectrometry. as a demonstration, lectins immobilized on glass slides with activated surfaces are used to concentrate and purify agglutinated bacillis spores. it is expected that such slides will provide a rapid, inexpensive way ...	2003	12585503
contamination flows of bacillus cereus and spore-forming aerobic bacteria in a cooked, pasteurized and chilled zucchini purée processing line.	a food processing plant producing pasteurized purées and its zucchini purée processing line were examined for contamination with aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacterial spores during a day's operation. multiplication of spores was also monitored in the product stored under different conditions. high concentrations of bacillus cereus spores were found in the soil in which the zucchinis were grown (4.6+/-0.3 log cfu/g), with a background spore population of 6.1+/-0.2 log cfu/g. in the processi ...	2003	12593925
fatal bacillus cereus sepsis following resolving neutropenic enterocolitis during the treatment of acute leukemia.	bacillus cereus is increasingly being acknowledged as a serious bacterial pathogen in immunosuppressed hosts. we report a case of fatal b. cereus sepsis in a patient with newly diagnosed acute leukemia following resolving neutropenic enterocolitis. gastrointestinal complaints are common during induction chemotherapy, yet some antimicrobial coverage suitable for generalized neutropenia is not optimal for the eradication of b. cereus. this case demonstrates that, in the neutropenic patient with ga ...	2003	12605393
vitreous and aqueous penetration of orally administered gatifloxacin in humans.	to investigate the penetration of gatifloxacin, a novel extended-spectrum fourth-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic, into the vitreous and aqueous humor after oral administration.	2003	12617704
beta-lactamase genes of the penicillin-susceptible bacillus anthracis sterne strain.	susceptibility to penicillin and other beta-lactam-containing compounds is a common trait of bacillus anthracis. beta-lactam agents, particularly penicillin, have been used worldwide to treat anthrax in humans. nonetheless, surveys of clinical and soil-derived strains reveal penicillin g resistance in 2 to 16% of isolates tested. bacterial resistance to beta-lactam agents is often mediated by production of one or more types of beta-lactamases that hydrolyze the beta-lactam ring, inactivating the ...	2003	12533457
isolation and characterisation of a novel bacteriocin produced by bacillus thuringiensis strain b439.	bacillus thuringiensis strain b439 produces a bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance in its growth medium. this antimicrobial peptide, referred to as thuricin 439, acts as a bacteriocidal peptide and exhibits an apparent narrow range of inhibitory activity, essentially only affecting growth of bacillus cereus and b. thuringiensis strains. it remains active over a relatively wide ph and temperature range, showing no loss of activity following heat treatments up to 80 degrees c. purification of thu ...	2003	12644238
coordination geometries of metal ions in d- or l-captopril-inhibited metallo-beta-lactamases.	d- and l-captopril are competitive inhibitors of metallo-beta-lactamases. for the enzymes from bacillus cereus (bcii) and aeromonas hydrophila (cpha), we found that the mononuclear enzymes are the favored targets for inhibition. by combining results from extended x-ray absorption fine structure, perturbed angular correlation of gamma-rays spectroscopy, and a study of metal ion binding, we derived that for cd(ii)1-bcii, the thiolate sulfur of d-captopril binds to the metal ion located at the site ...	2003	12668674
methionine regeneration and aminotransferases in bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus anthracis.	the conversion of ketomethiobutyrate to methionine has been previously examined in a number of organisms, wherein the aminotransferases responsible for the reaction have been found to be members of the ia subfamily (l. c. berger, j. wilson, p. wood, and b. j. berger, j. bacteriol. 183:4421-4434, 2001). the genome of bacillus subtilis has been found to contain no subfamily ia aminotransferase sequences. instead, the analogous enzymes in b. subtilis were found to be members of the if subfamily. th ...	2003	12670965
probiotic and milk technological properties of lactobacillus brevis.	two lactobacillus brevis strains atcc 8287 and atcc 14869(t), were evaluated for their applicability as putative probiotics in dairy products. the strains expressed good in vitro adherence to human caco-2 and intestine 407 cells and tolerated well low ph, bile acids and pancreatic fluid under in vitro conditions. in antimicrobial activity assays, strain atcc 8287 showed inhibitory properties toward selected potential harmful microorganisms, particularly against bacillus cereus. both l. brevis st ...	2003	12672593
rope-producing strains of bacillus spp. from wheat bread and strategy for their control by lactic acid bacteria.	two types of white wheat bread (high- and low-type loaves) were investigated for rope spoilage. thirty of the 56 breads tested developed rope spoilage within 5 days; the high-type loaves were affected by rope spoilage more than the low-type loaves. sixty-one bacillus strains were isolated from ropy breads and were characterized on the basis of their phenotypic and genotypic traits. all of the isolates were identified as bacillus subtilis by biochemical tests, but molecular assays (randomly ampli ...	2003	12676716
production of diarrheal enterotoxins and other potential virulence factors by veterinary isolates of bacillus species associated with nongastrointestinal infections.	with the exceptions of bacillus cereus and bacillus anthracis, bacillus species are generally perceived to be inconsequential. however, the relevance of other bacillus species as food poisoning organisms and etiological agents in nongastrointestinal infections is being increasingly recognized. eleven bacillus species isolated from veterinary samples associated with severe nongastrointestinal infections were assessed for the presence and expression of diarrheagenic enterotoxins and other potentia ...	2003	12676723
detection of anthrax simulants with microcalorimetric spectroscopy: bacillus subtilis and bacillus cereus spores.	recent advances in the development of ultrasensitive micromechnical thermal detectors have led to the advent of novel subfemtojoule microcalorimetric spectoscopy (calspec). on the basis of principles of photothermal ir spectroscopy combined with efficient thermomechanical transduction, calspec provides acquisition of vibrational spectra of microscopic samples and absorbates. we use calspec as a method of identifying nanogram quantities of biological micro-organisms. our studies focus on bacillus ...	2003	12683752
demonstration of a hermetic airborne ozone disinfection system: studies on e. coli.	an enclosed flow-through system using airborne ozone for disinfection and which removes the ozone with a catalytic converter was tested with a strain of escherichia coli. petri dishes containing the microorganisms were inserted in a chamber and exposed for 10-480 min to ozone concentrations between 4 and 20 ppm. death rates in excess of 99.99% were achieved. survival data is fitted to a two-stage curve with a shoulder based on the multihit target model. ozone was removed from the exhaust air to ...	2003	12688846
inactivation of bacillus cereus spores by high hydrostatic pressure at different temperatures.	the effect of ph on the initiation of germination and on the inactivation of bacillus cereus (kctc 1012) spores during high hydrostatic pressure processing (hpp) with pressures of 0.1 to 600 mpa at different temperatures was investigated. two different high-pressure treatments were adopted to evaluate the effect of ph on the inactivation of b. cereus on sporulation medium and in suspension medium. inactivation of b. cereus spores with hpp treatment was affected more by sporulation medium ph than ...	2003	12696682
a retail and consumer phase model for exposure assessment of bacillus cereus.	an exposure assessment is conducted for psychrotrophic and mesophilic bacillus cereus in a cooked chilled vegetable product. a model is constructed that covers the retail and consumer phase of the food pathway, using the output of a similar model on the industrial process as input. microbial growth is the predominant process in the model. variability in time and temperature during transport and storage is included in the model and different domestic refrigerator temperature distributions are com ...	2003	12706041
demonstration of labeless detection of food pathogens using electrochemical redox probe and screen printed gold electrodes.	the demonstration of a labeless immunosensor for the detection of pathogenic bacteria using screen printed gold electrodes (spges) and a potassium hexacyanoferrate(ii) redox probe is reported. gold electrodes were produced using screen printing and the gold surfaces were modified by a thiol based self assembled monolayer (sam) to facilitate antibody immobilisation. sams based on the use of thioctic acid (ta), mercaptopropionic acid (mpa) and mercaptoundecanoic acid (mua) were evaluated. followin ...	2003	12713911
ym-266183 and ym-266184, novel thiopeptide antibiotics produced by bacillus cereus isolated from a marine sponge. i. taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical properties and biological properties.	novel antibiotics, ym-266183 (1) and ym-266184 (2), were found in the culture broth of bacillus cereus qn03323 which was isolated from the marine sponge halichondria japonica. the structures of both antibiotics were determined by several spectroscopic experiments as new thiopeptide compounds. they exhibited potent antibacterial activities against staphylococci and enterococci including multiple drug resistant strains, whereas they were inactive against gram-negative bacteria.	2003	12715871
ym-266183 and ym-266184, novel thiopeptide antibiotics produced by bacillus cereus isolated from a marine sponge ii. structure elucidation.	ym-266183 and ym-266184 are new antibacterial substances that have activity against drug-resistant bacteria produced by bacillus cereus qn03323. these structures were elucidated by ms and nmr spectral analysis. ym-266183 and ym-266184 are the cyclic thiopeptides containing thiazole and pyridine moieties, and several unusual amino acids.	2003	12715872
allosteric interactions within subsites of a monomeric enzyme: kinetics of fluorogenic substrates of pi-specific phospholipase c.	two novel water-soluble fluorescein myo-inositol phosphate (flip) substrates, butyl-flip and methyl-flip, were used to examine the kinetics and subsite interactions of bacillus cereus phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c. butyl-flip exhibited sigmoidal kinetics when initial rates are plotted versus substrate concentration. the data fit a hill coefficient of 1.2-1.5, suggesting an allosteric interaction between two sites. two substrate molecules bind to this enzyme, one at the active sit ...	2003	12719256
genomics: relative pathogenic values.		2003	12721608
the genome sequence of bacillus anthracis ames and comparison to closely related bacteria.	bacillus anthracis is an endospore-forming bacterium that causes inhalational anthrax. key virulence genes are found on plasmids (extra-chromosomal, circular, double-stranded dna molecules) pxo1 (ref. 2) and pxo2 (ref. 3). to identify additional genes that might contribute to virulence, we analysed the complete sequence of the chromosome of b. anthracis ames (about 5.23 megabases). we found several chromosomally encoded proteins that may contribute to pathogenicity--including haemolysins, phosph ...	2003	12721629
genome sequence of bacillus cereus and comparative analysis with bacillus anthracis.	bacillus cereus is an opportunistic pathogen causing food poisoning manifested by diarrhoeal or emetic syndromes. it is closely related to the animal and human pathogen bacillus anthracis and the insect pathogen bacillus thuringiensis, the former being used as a biological weapon and the latter as a pesticide. b. anthracis and b. thuringiensis are readily distinguished from b. cereus by the presence of plasmid-borne specific toxins (b. anthracis and b. thuringiensis) and capsule (b. anthracis). ...	2003	12721630
regioselective glucosylation of pyridoxine by microorganisms.	microorganisms from culture collections and isolates from nature were screened for the ability to catalyze the regioselective glucosylation of pyridoxine (pn) to produce pyridoxine 5'-alpha-d-glucoside (pn-5'-alpha-g) or pyridoxine 4'-alpha-d-glucoside (pn-4'-alpha-g). transglucosylation activity specific to 5'-position of pn was found in fungi belonging to genera such as coriolus and verticillium, and activity at the 4'-position of pn was found in bacteria belonging to genera such as bacillus a ...	2003	12723596
the inhibitor thiomandelic acid binds to both metal ions in metallo-beta-lactamase and induces positive cooperativity in metal binding.	thiomandelic acid is a simple, broad spectrum, and reasonably potent inhibitor of metallo-beta-lactamases, enzymes that mediate resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. we report studies by nmr and perturbed angular correlation (pac) spectroscopy of the mode of binding of the r and s enantiomers of thiomandelic acid, focusing on their interaction with the two metal ions in cadmium-substituted bacillus cereus metallo-beta-lactamase. the 113cd resonances are specifically assigned to the metals in th ...	2003	12724330
genome differences that distinguish bacillus anthracis from bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis.	the three species of the group 1 bacilli, bacillus anthracis, b. cereus, and b. thuringiensis, are genetically very closely related. all inhabit soil habitats but exhibit different phenotypes. b. anthracis is the causative agent of anthrax and is phylogenetically monomorphic, while b. cereus and b. thuringiensis are genetically more diverse. an amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis described here demonstrates genetic diversity among a collection of non-anthrax-causing bacillus species, ...	2003	12732546
a mammalian cell regulatory agent, ceres-18, inhibits yeast cell proliferation but not bacterial replication.	a cell regulatory sialoglycopeptide, ceres-18, purified from intact bovine cerebral cortex cells, has exhibited the capability of reversibly inhibiting cellular dna synthesis and the proliferation of a wide array of mammalian cells. in the present study, the effect of ceres-18 on the proliferation of bacterial ( bacillus cereus and escherichia coli) and yeast ( saccharomyces cerevisiae and schizosaccharomyces pombe) cells was investigated. the results showed that replication and viability of the ...	2003	12732963
crystal structure of a catalytic site mutant of beta-amylase from bacillus cereus var. mycoides cocrystallized with maltopentaose.	the x-ray crystal structure of a catalytic site mutant of beta-amylase, e172a (glu172 --> ala), from bacillus cereus var. mycoides complexed with a substrate, maltopentaose (g5), and the wild-type enzyme complexed with maltose were determined at 2.1 and 2.0 a resolution, respectively. clear and continuous density corresponding to g5 was observed in the active site of e172a, and thus, the substrate, g5, was not hydrolyzed. all glucose residues adopted a relaxed (4)c(1) conformation, and the confo ...	2003	12741813
the microbiological quality of ready-to-eat foods with added spices.	a microbiological study of ready-to-eat foods with added spices or spice ingredients was undertaken to identify any risk factors in the production, storage and display of this product and to establish their effect on microbiological quality. examination of 1946 ready-to-eat foods from sandwich bars, cafés, public houses, restaurants, specialist sandwich producers, bakers, delicatessens, market stalls and mobile vendors found that 1291 (66%) were of satisfactory/acceptable microbiological quality ...	2003	12745346
bacillus thuringiensis associated with faeces of the kerama-jika, cervus nippon keramae, a wild deer indigenous to the ryukyus, japan.	faeces of the kerama-jika (cervus nippon keramae), a wild shika deer indigenous to the ryukyus, japan, were examined for the natural occurrence of bacillus thuringiensis. of the ten faecal samples tested, seven contained this organism. the frequency of b. thuringiensis was 8.5% among 387 colonies of spore-forming bacteria belonging to the bacillus cereus/b. thuringiensis group. of 33 b. thuringiensis isolates recovered, only one isolate, assigned to the serotype h3abc (serovar kurstaki), exhibit ...	2003	12746858
the patchwork nature of rolling-circle plasmids: comparison of six plasmids from two distinct bacillus thuringiensis serotypes.	bacillus thuringiensis, the entomopathogenic bacteria from the bacillus cereus group, harbors numerous extrachromosomal molecules whose sizes vary from 2 to more than 200kb. apart from the genes coding for the biopesticide delta-endotoxins located on large plasmids, little information has been obtained on these plasmids and their contribution to the biology of their host. in this paper, we embarked on a detailed comparison of six small rolling-circle replicating (rcr) plasmids originating from t ...	2003	12749835
[production of oil-processing compounds by microorganisms from the daqing oil field, china].	twenty pure cultures isolated from formation waters of the daqing oil field were studied with respect to their capacity to produce surface-active compounds in media with individual hydrocarbons, lower alcohols, and fatty acids. aerobic saprotrophic bacteria belonging to the genera bacillus, brevibacillus, rhodococcus, dietzia, kocuria, gordonia, cellulomonas, clavibacter, pseudomonas, and acinetobacter decreased the surface tension of cultivation media from 55-63 to 28-44 mn/m. strains of bacill ...	2003	12751245
genetic relationship in the 'bacillus cereus group' by rep-pcr fingerprinting and sequencing of a bacillus anthracis-specific rep-pcr fragment.	to evaluate the genetic relationship in the bacillus cereus group by rep-pcr fingerprinting.	2003	12752821
genes of bacillus cereus and bacillus anthracis encoding proteins of the exosporium.	the exosporium is the outermost layer of spores of bacillus cereus and its close relatives bacillus anthracis and bacillus thuringiensis. for these pathogens, it represents the surface layer that makes initial contact with the host. to date, only the bcla glycoprotein has been described as a component of the exosporium; this paper defines 10 more tightly associated proteins from the exosporium of b. cereus atcc 10876, identified by n-terminal sequencing of proteins from purified, washed exospori ...	2003	12754235
relationship of plcr-regulated factors to bacillus endophthalmitis virulence.	the explosive, destructive course of bacillus endophthalmitis has been attributed to the production of toxins during infection. in this study we analyzed the contribution of toxins controlled by the global regulator plcr to the pathogenesis of experimental bacillus endophthalmitis. isogenic plcr-deficient mutants of bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis were constructed by insertional inactivation of plcr by the kanamycin resistance cassette, apha3. rabbit eyes were injected intravitreally ...	2003	12761089
glu-53 of bacillus cereus sphingomyelinase acts as an indispensable ligand of mg2+ essential for catalytic activity.	bacillus cereus sphingomyelinase (smase) is an extracellular hemolysin classified into a group of mg(2+)-dependent neutral smases (nsmase). sequence comparison of bacterial and eukaryotic mg(2+)-dependent nsmases has shown that several amino acid residues, including glu-53 of b. cereus smase, are conserved, suggesting a catalytic mechanism common to these enzymes. mutational analysis has revealed that hemolytic and sm-hydrolyzing activities are abolished by e53a and e53q mutations. only the e53d ...	2003	12761162
crystal structures of beta-amylase from bacillus cereus var mycoides in complexes with substrate analogs and affinity-labeling reagents.	the crystal structures of beta-amylase from bacillus cereus var. mycoides in complexes with five inhibitors were solved. the inhibitors used were three substrate analogs, i.e. glucose, maltose (product), and a synthesized compound, o-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-o-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-d-xylopyranose (ggx), and two affinity-labeling reagents with an epoxy alkyl group at the reducing end of glucose. for all inhibitors, one molecule was bound at the active site cleft and the non-reducin ...	2003	12761294
methodologies for the characterization of microbes in industrial environments: a review.	there is growing interest in research and development to develop novel tools to study, detect, and characterize microbes and their communities in industrial environments. however, knowledge about their validity in practical industrial use is still scarce. this review describes the advantages and limitations of traditional and molecular methods used for biofilm and/or planktonic cell studies, especially those performed with listeria monocytogenes, bacillus cereus, and/or clostridium perfringens. ...	2003	12764674
phospholipase activity on n-acyl phosphatidylethanolamines is critically dependent on the n-acyl chain length.	we have recently shown that an endogenous phospholipase a2 from bovine erythrocytes does not hydrolyse napes (n-acyl l-alpha-phosphatidylethanolamines), which accumulate remarkably in this system [florin-christensen, suarez, florin-christensen, wainszelbaum, brown, mcelwain and palmer (2001) proc. natl. acad. sci. u.s.a. 98, 7736-7741]. here we investigate the causes underlying this resistance. n-acylation of pe (l-alpha-phosphatidylethanolamine) results in alteration of charge, head-group volum ...	2003	12765548
carbohydrates and glycoproteins of bacillus anthracis and related bacilli: targets for biodetection.	the spore is the form released in a bioterrorism attack. there is a real need for definition of new targets for bacillus anthracis that might be incorporated into emerging biodetection technologies. particularly of interest are macromolecules found in b. anthracis that are (1) spore-specific, (2) readily accessible on the spore surface and (3) distinct from those present in related organisms. one of the few biochemical methods to identify the spores of b. anthracis is based on the presence of rh ...	2003	12782370
fluorescent heteroduplex assay for monitoring bacillus anthracis and close relatives in environmental samples.	a fluorescent heteroduplex method was developed to assess the presence of 16s rrna gene (rdna) sequences from bacillus anthracis and close relatives in pcr-amplified 16s rdna sequence mixtures from environmental samples. the method uses a single-stranded, fluorescent dna probe, 464 nucleotides in length, derived from a b. anthracis 16s rrna gene. the probe contains a unique, engineered deletion such that all probe-target duplexes are heteroduplexes with an unpaired g at position 343 (deltag343). ...	2003	12788732
intestinal perforations in a premature infant caused by bacillus cereus.	although bacillus cereus is a ubiquitous bacterium, the incidence of neonatal infections is very low with only a few cases of b. cereus infections in neonates reported in the literature. we report the case of a premature infant with multiple intestinal perforations and an abdominal b. cereus infection. the initial course was characterized by severe cardiovascular shock, anemia, thrombocytopenia and disseminated intravascular coagulation, leading to periventricular leukomalacia, alopecia capitis ...	2003	12789482
chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils from thymus spinulosus ten. (lamiaceae).	the chemical composition of essential oils from aerial parts of thymus spinulosus ten. (lamiaceae) is reported. four oils from plants growing in different environmental conditions were characterized by gc and gc-ms methods; the oils seem to indicate a new chemotype in the genus thymus. influences of soil and altitude characteristics on the essential oil composition are discussed. the oils showed antibacterial activity against gram-positive (staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus faecalis, bacillus ...	2003	12797754
the bacillus cereus bcet enterotoxin sequence reappraised.	bacillus cereus is a known opportunistic human pathogen belonging to the b. cereus group. establishment of the pathogenesis most likely involves several gene products. one of these gene products, a single gene component named bcet, has been cloned and described from b. cereus b-4ac [agata et al., microbiology 141 (1995) 983-988]. however, our sequences of the bcet region from 16 b. cereus group strains showed inconsistency with the published bcet sequence. only part of the bcet sequence had homo ...	2003	12798995
improved model based on the weibull distribution to describe the combined effect of ph and temperature on the heat resistance of bacillus cereus in carrot juice.	the effect of ph and temperature on the thermal inactivation of different strains of bacillus cereus was modeled. inactivation tests were carried out in carrot broth, following a full factorial design at four levels for temperature (from 90 to 105 degrees c, depending on the strain) and ph (6.2, 5.8, 5.2, and 4.7). individual inactivation curves were analyzed by applying the weibull model function (with percent discrepancy close to 20% for most cases), and the effects of ph and temperature on th ...	2003	12800997
potential of bacillus cereus for producing an emetic toxin, cereulide, in bakery products: quantitative analysis by chemical and biological methods.	a method for the direct quantitative analysis of cereulide, the emetic toxin of bacillus cereus, in bakery products was developed. the analysis was based on robotized extraction followed by quantitation of cereulide by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and an assay of toxicity by the boar sperm motility inhibition test. the bioassay and the chemical assay gave comparable results, demonstrating that the extracted cereulide was in a biologically active form. cereulide was formed when cereuli ...	2003	12801008
antimicrobial properties of commercial annatto extracts against selected pathogenic, lactic acid, and spoilage microorganisms.	annatto preparations are used to impart distinctive flavor and color to foods and are a primary colorant in dairy foods such as cheese and butter. there are several reports indicating that certain fractions of the annatto plant have biological activities against microorganisms of significance in food fermentation, food preservation, and human health. however, little is reported describing the nature of the antimicrobial compound(s) or their potential presence in commercial annatto colorant prepa ...	2003	12801012
detection and differentiation of biological species using microcalorimetric spectroscopy.	we report on the application of infrared (ir) microcalorimetric spectroscopy ( micro -calspec) to the identification and detection of trace amounts of biological species. our approach combines principles of photothermal ir spectroscopy with ultrasensitive microcantilever (mc) thermal detectors. we have obtained photothermal ir spectra for dna and rna bases and for bacillus cereus (an anthrax simulant) in the wavelength range of 2.5-14.5 micro m (4000-690 cm(-1)). the measurements are accomplishe ...	2003	12801702
bacteriocidal effects and inhibition of cell separation of cinnamic aldehyde on bacillus cereus.	in this study, bacteriocidal effects of cinnamic aldehyde on bacillus cereus were investigated.	2003	12803558
a novel double heme substitution produces a functional bo3 variant of the quinol oxidase aa3 of bacillus cereus. purification and paratial characterization.	a novel bo3-type quinol oxidase was highly purified from bacillus cereus pym1, a spontaneous mutant unable to synthesize heme a and therefore spectroscopically detectable cytochromes aa3 and caa3. the purified enzyme contained 12.4 nmol of heme o and 11.5 nmol of heme b mg-1 protein. the enzyme was composed of two subunits with an mr of 51,000 and 30,000, respectively. both subunits were immunoreactive to antibodies raised against the b cereus aa3 oxidase. moreover, amino-terminal sequence analy ...	2003	12805383
phylogenetic relationships between bacillus species and related genera inferred from comparison of 3' end 16s rdna and 5' end 16s-23s its nucleotide sequences.	the nucleotide sequences of the 3' end of the 16s rdna and the 16s-23s internal transcribed spacer (its) of 40 bacillaceae species were determined. these included 21 bacillus, 9 paenibacillus, 6 brevibacillus, 2 geobacillus, 1 marinibacillus and 1 virgibacillus species. comparative sequence analysis of a 220 bp region covering a highly conserved 150 bp sequence located at the 3' end of the 16s rrna coding region and a conserved 70 bp sequence located at the 5' end of the 16s-23s its of the 40 sp ...	2003	12807189
bioactivity of secoiridoid glycosides from centaurium erythraea.	as part of our on-going search for bioactive compounds from scottish plants, two secoiridoid glycosides, swertiamarin and sweroside, have been isolated from the aerial parts of centaurium erythraea rafn (family: gentianaceae) by reversed-phase preparative hplc coupled with a photo-diode-array detector. the structures of these compounds were elucidated unambiguously by uv, fabms and extensive 1d and 2d nmr spectroscopic analyses and also by comparing experimental data with literature data. antiba ...	2003	12809366
antibacterial activity of 11 essential oils against bacillus cereus in tyndallized carrot broth.	the antibacterial activity of 11 essential oils from aromatic plants against the strain inra l2104 of the foodborne pathogen bacillus cereus grown in carrot broth at 16 degrees c was studied. the quantity needed by the essential oils of nutmeg, mint, clove, oregano, cinnamon, sassafras, sage, thyme or rosemary to produce 14-1110% relative extension of the lag phase was determined. total growth inhibition of bacterial spores was observed for some of the antimicrobial agents assayed. the addition ...	2003	12810272
[cloning and sequencing of chitinase gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp israelensis].	chitin, a linear homopolymer of n-acetyl-d-glucosamine, is a common constituent of fungal cell walls, exoskeletons of insects, and shells of invertebrates. thus, chitinase, a chitin hydrolytic enzyme, has become of interest for potential use as biopesticides for controlling insect pests. using a pair of specific primers, chitinase gene (ichi) was amplified by touchdown pcr from bacillus thuringiensis subsp israelensis chromosomal dna, and then subcloned into pgem-t easy vector. ichi sequence (ge ...	2003	12812063
grafting a new metal ligand in the cocatalytic site of b. cereus metallo-beta-lactamase: structural flexibility without loss of activity.	metallo-beta-lactamases are zinc enzymes able to hydrolyze the four-membered ring of beta-lactam antibiotics, representing one of the latest generations of beta-lactamases. these enzymes belong to the zinc metallo-hydrolase family of the beta-lactamase fold. enzymes belonging to this family have a bimetallic active site whose structure varies among different members by point substitutions of the metal ligands. in this work, we have grafted new metal ligands into the metal binding site of bcii fr ...	2003	12824499
real-time quantitative pcr assay on bacterial dna: in a model soil system and environmental samples.	real-time quantitative pcr (rtq-pcr) was used to quantify the bacterial target dna extracted by three commonly used dna extraction protocols (bead mill homogenization, grinding in presence of liquid nitrogen and hot detergent sds based enzymatic lysis). for the purpose of our study, pure culture of bacillus cereus (model organism), sterilized soil seeded with a known amount of b. cereus (model soil system) and samples from woodland and grassland (environmental samples) were chosen to extract dna ...	2003	12833213
inactivation of vegetative cells, but not spores, of bacillus anthracis, b. cereus, and b. subtilis on stainless steel surfaces coated with an antimicrobial silver- and zinc-containing zeolite formulation.	stainless steel surfaces coated with paints containing a silver- and zinc-containing zeolite (agion antimicrobial) were assayed in comparison to uncoated stainless steel for antimicrobial activity against vegetative cells and spores of three bacillus species, namely, b. anthracis sterne, b. cereus t, and b. subtilis 168. under the test conditions (25 degrees c and 80% relative humidity), the zeolite coating produced approximately 3 log(10) inactivation of vegetative cells within a 5- to 24-h per ...	2003	12839825
identification of bacillus anthracis by rpob sequence analysis and multiplex pcr.	comparative sequence analysis was performed upon bacillus anthracis and its closest relatives, b. cereus and b. thuringiensis. portions of rpob dna from 10 strains of b. anthracis, 16 of b. cereus, 10 of b. thuringiensis, 1 of b. mycoides, and 1 of b. megaterium were amplified and sequenced. the determined rpob sequences (318 bp) of the 10 b. anthracis strains, including five korean isolates, were identical to those of ames, florida, kruger b, and western na strains. strains of the "b. cereus gr ...	2003	12843020
bacillus cereus bacteremia in a preterm neonate.	bacillus cereus is an uncommon but potentially serious bacterial pathogen causing infections of the bloodstream, lungs, and central nervous system of preterm neonates. a case of bacteremia caused by b. cereus in a 19-day-old preterm neonate who was successfully treated with vancomycin, tobramycin, meropenem, and clindamycin is described. implications for the diagnostic laboratory and clinicians when bacillus species are detected in normally sterile sites are discussed, and the small numbers of i ...	2003	12843116
his151 and his296 are the acid-base catalytic residues of bacillus cereus sphingomyelinase in sphingomyelin hydrolysis.	bacillus cereus sphingomyelinase belongs to the mg(2+)-dependent neutral sphingomyelinase, which hydrolyses sphingomyelin to phosphocholine and ceramide, and acts as an extracellular hemolysin. the triplet residues, his151-asp195-his296, of the enzyme are highly conserved among bacterial and mammalian mg(2+)-dependent neutral sphingomyelinases. the triplet residues converge on the active-site pocket of the 3d model of the enzyme. to investigate the function of these residues in the acid-base cat ...	2003	12843611
synthesis and antimicrobial testing of some new s-substituted-thiopyridines, thienopyridines, pyridothienopyrimidines and pyridothienotriazines.	the reaction of 5-acetyl-4-aryl-3-cyano-6-methylpyridine-2(1h)-thiones (1a, b) with 4-methylphenacyl bromide, chloro-n-arylacetamides or chloroacetonitrile gave the corresponding s-substituted thiopyridines 2a-c, 4a-f and 6a-c, respectively. the latter compounds underwent intramolecular thorpe-ziegler cyclization to give 2-substituted 5-acetyl-3-amino-4-aryl-6-methylthieno[2,3-b]pyridines 3a-c, 5a-f and 7a-c. compounds 5a-f and 7b, c are key intermediates in the synthesis of the target compounds ...	2003	12856996