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yersinia species isolated from bats, germany. 201020202457
wide variety of bioserotypes of enteropathogenic yersinia in tonsils of english pigs at slaughter.the tonsils of 630 pigs from 45 english farms using three different rearing methods (assured british pigs, open management and organic) were examined between 2003 and 2005 in order to investigate if the low incidence of human yersiniosis could be attributed to a low prevalence of enteropathogenic yersinia among english pigs. in addition, different isolation methods were compared, possible differences in prevalence among pigs were studied, as well as the prevalence of different bioserotypes of en ...201020206396
statistical molecular design of a focused salicylidene acylhydrazide library and multivariate qsar of inhibition of type iii secretion in the gram-negative bacterium yersinia.a combined application of statistical molecular design (smd), quantitative structure-activity relationship (qsar) modeling and prediction of new active compounds was effectively used to develop salicylidene acylhydrazides as inhibitors of type iii secretion (t3s) in the gram-negative pathogen yersinia pseudotuberculosis. smd and subsequent synthesis furnished 50 salicylidene acylhydrazides in high purity. based on data from biological evaluation in t3s linked assays 18 compounds were classified ...201020219378
yopj-promoted cytotoxicity and systemic colonization are associated with high levels of murine interleukin-18, gamma interferon, and neutrophils in a live vaccine model of yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection.several yersinia species have been utilized as live attenuated vaccines to prime protective immunity against yersiniae and other pathogens. a type iii secretion system effector known as yopj in y. pseudotuberculosis and y. pestis and yopp in y. enterocolitica has been shown to regulate host immune responses to live yersinia vaccines. yopj/p kills macrophages and dendritic cells, reduces their production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) and interleukin-12 (il-12), and promotes systemic ...201020231414
the small rna chaperone hfq is required for the virulence of yersinia pseudotuberculosis.bacterial small, noncoding rnas (srnas) participate in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression, often by affecting protein translation, transcript stability, and/or protein activity. for proper function, many srnas rely on the chaperone hfq, which mediates the interaction of the srna with its target mrna. recent studies have demonstrated that hfq contributes to the pathogenesis of a number of bacterial species, suggesting that srnas play an essential role in the regulation of virul ...201020231416
no better time to fret: shedding light on host pathogen interactions.understanding the spatio-temporal subversion of host cell signaling by bacterial virulence factors is key to combating infectious diseases. following a recent study by buntru and co-workers published in bmc biology, we review how fluorescence (forster) resonance energy transfer (fret) has been applied to studying host-pathogen interactions and consider the prospects for its future application.201020236488
the presence of professional phagocytes dictates the number of host cells targeted for yop translocation during infection.type iii secretion systems deliver effector proteins from gram-negative bacterial pathogens into host cells, where they disarm host defences, allowing the pathogens to establish infection. although yersinia pseudotuberculosis delivers its effector proteins, called yops, into numerous cell types grown in culture, we show that during infection y. pseudotuberculosis selectively targets yops to professional phagocytes in peyer's patches, mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen, although it colocalizes wit ...201020148898
ros-inhibitory activity of yope is required for full virulence of yersinia in mice.yope, a type iii secreted effector of yersinia, is a gtpase activating protein for rac1 and rhoa whose catalytic activity is critical for virulence. we found that yope also inhibited reactive oxygen species (ros) production and inactivated rac2. how yope distinguishes among its targets and which specific targets are critical for yersinia survival in different tissues are unknown. a screen identifying yope mutants in yersinia pseudotuberculosis that interact with different rho gtpases showed that ...201020148901
recent findings regarding maintenance of enzootic variants of yersinia pestis in sylvatic reservoirs and their significance in the evolution of epidemic plague.despite the widespread presence of bubonic plague in sylvatic reservoirs throughout the world, the causative agent (yersinia pestis) evolved in its present form within the last 20,000 years from enteropathogenic yersinia pseudotuberculosis. comparison of the genomes from the two species revealed that y. pestis possesses only a few unique plasmid-encoded genes that contribute to acute disease, whereas this organism has lost about 13% of the chromosomal genes that remain active in y. pseudotubercu ...201020158336
autophagosomes can support yersinia pseudotuberculosis replication in macrophages.yersinia pseudotuberculosis is able to replicate inside macrophages. however, the intracellular trafficking of the pathogen after its entry into the macrophage remains poorly understood. using in vitro infected bone marrow-derived macrophages, we show that y. pseudotuberculosis activates the autophagy pathway. host cell autophagosomes subverted by bacteria do not become acidified and sustain bacteria replication. moreover, we report that autophagy inhibition correlated with bacterial trafficking ...201020180800
adaptation of enteropathogenic yersinia to low growth temperature.yersinia enterocolitica and yersinia pseudotuberculosis are important foodborne pathogens that cause infections through contaminated refrigerated food. their cold tolerance mechanisms are therefore of special interest. adaptation to cold involves changes in protein synthesis and in cell membranes to overcome diminished transcriptional and translational efficiency and reduced fluidity of cell membranes. studies of low temperature adaptation mechanisms have mainly been performed on mesophilic bact ...201020088683
first case of postaneurysmal prosthetic vascular infection due to a nonsuperantigenic yersinia pseudotuberculosis strain.among yersinia spp., y. enterocolitica is the species most frequently isolated from infected aneurysms. this report describes the first case of postaneurysmal prosthetic vascular infection due to a superantigen-negative yersinia pseudotuberculosis strain, showing a potential affinity of this species for endovascular tissue.201020573875
delineation and analysis of chromosomal regions specifying yersinia pestis.yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, has recently diverged from the less virulent enteropathogen yersinia pseudotuberculosis. its emergence has been characterized by massive genetic loss and inactivation and limited gene acquisition. the acquired genes include two plasmids, a filamentous phage, and a few chromosomal loci. the aim of this study was to characterize the chromosomal regions acquired by y. pestis. following in silico comparative analysis and pcr screening of 98 strains of ...201020605981
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of yersinia enterocolitica and yersinia pseudotuberculosis in slaughter pigs in latvia.the prevalence of yersinia enterocolitica and yersinia pseudotuberculosis was determined in slaughter pigs from 47 farms in latvia. tonsils from 404 pigs representing farms from four geographical areas (kurzeme, latgale, vidzeme, and zemgale) were collected at slaughter in 2007 and 2008. the prevalences of y. enterocolitica and y. pseudotuberculosis were 35 and 3%, respectively. all y. enterocolitica isolates belonged to bioserotype 4/o:3. y. enterocolitica was recovered from 35 of 47 pig farms, ...201020615349
the omptins of yersinia pestis and salmonella enterica cleave the reactive center loop of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1.plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (pai-1) is a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) and a key molecule that regulates fibrinolysis by inactivating human plasminogen activators. here we show that two important human pathogens, the plague bacterium yersinia pestis and the enteropathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, inactivate pai-1 by cleaving the r346-m347 bait peptide bond in the reactive center loop. no cleavage of pai-1 was detected with yersinia pseudotuberculosis, an oral/fecal pat ...201020639337
yersinia enterocolitica infection and tcaa-dependent killing of caenorhabditis elegans.caenorhabditis elegans is a validated model to study bacterial pathogenicity. we report that yersinia enterocolitica strains w22703 (biovar 2, serovar o:9) and wa314 (biovar 1b, serovar o:8) kill c. elegans when feeding on the pathogens for at least 15 min before transfer to the feeding strain escherichia coli op50. the killing by yersinia enterocolitica requires viable bacteria and, in contrast to that by yersinia pestis and yersinia pseudotuberculosis strains, is biofilm independent. the delet ...201020639372
iceec2, a new integrative and conjugative element belonging to the pklc102/pagi-2 family, identified in escherichia coli strain ben374.the diversity of the escherichia coli species is in part due to the large number of mobile genetic elements that are exchanged between strains. we report here the identification of a new integrative and conjugative element (ice) of the pklc102/pagi-2 family located downstream of the trna gene pheu in the e. coli strain ben374. indeed, this new region, which we called iceec2, can be transferred by conjugation from strain ben374 to the e. coli strain c600. we were also able to transfer this region ...201020675467
[yersiniosis in poland in 2008].the total number of 253 yersiniosis cases were reported in 2008 in poland. the incidence rate was 0.66 per 100,000 population. in this year 214 cases of enteric yersiniosis and 39 cases of extraintestinal yersiniosis were notified. about 75% of patients were hospitalized. there were 2 reported deaths probably linked to yersiniosis. the most frequent clinical manifestations of intestinal yersiniosis were diarrhea (88% of cases), high temperature (79%), abdominal pain (41%) and vomits (30%). out o ...201020731224
[sequence analysis of the yada, inv, and ail genes and their expression in the main and nonmain yersinia pestis subspecies and yersinia pseudotuberculosis].the nucleotide sequences of the inv, yada, and ail adhesin-invasin genes were analyzed in 24 strains of the main and nonmain yersinia pestis subspecies, which were isolated from natural plague foci in russia and neighbor countries, and ten y. pseudotuberculosis strains. all of the five plague agent subspecies (main, caucasica, altaica, ulegeica, and hissarica) had the inv and yada genes altered by insertion of the is element and a single nucleotide deletion, respectively, as was earlier observed ...201020734763
[comparison of efficacy of tests for differentiation of typical and atypical strains of yersinia pestis and yersinia pseudotuberculosis].to characterize species specificity of officially recommended tests for differentiation of yersiniapestis and yersinia pseudotuberculosis and propose additional tests allowing for more accurate identification.201020795389
bacterial delivery of rnai effectors: transkingdom rnai.rna interference (rnai) represents a high effective mechanism for specific inhibition of mrna expression. besides its potential as a powerful laboratory tool, the rnai pathway appears to be promising for therapeutic utilization. for development of rna interference (rnai)-based therapies, delivery of rnai-mediating agents to target cells is one of the major obstacles. a novel strategy to overcome this hurdle is transkingdom rnai (tkrnai). this technology uses non-pathogenic bacteria, e.g. escheri ...201020811323
small molecule inhibitors of lcrf, a yersinia pseudotuberculosis transcription factor, attenuate virulence and limit infection in a murine pneumonia model.lcrf (virf), a transcription factor in the multiple adaptational response (mar) family, regulates expression of the yersinia type iii secretion system (t3ss). yersinia pseudotuberculosis lcrf-null mutants showed attenuated virulence in tissue culture and animal models of infection. targeting of lcrf offers a novel, antivirulence strategy for preventing yersinia infection. a small molecule library was screened for inhibition of lcrf-dna binding in an in vitro assay. all of the compounds lacked in ...201020823209
the bacterial effector cif interferes with scf ubiquitin ligase function by inhibiting deneddylation of cullin1.cycle inhibiting factor (cif) is one of the effectors delivered into epithelial cells by enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) via the type iii secretion system (ttss). cif family proteins, which inhibit host cell-cycle progression via mechanisms not yet precisely understood, are highly conserved among epec, ehec, yersinia pseudotuberculosis, photorhabdus luminescens and burkholderia pseudomallei. levels of several proteins relevant to cell-cycle ...201020850415
characterization of yersinia using maldi-tof mass spectrometry and chemometrics.yersinia are gram-negative, rod-shaped facultative anaerobes, and some of them, yersinia enterocolitica, yersinia pseudotuberculosis, and yersinia pestis, are pathogenic in humans. rapid and accurate identification of yersinia strains is essential for appropriate therapeutic management and timely intervention for infection control. in the past decade matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (maldi-tof) mass spectrometry (ms) in combination with computer-aided pattern recognitio ...201020866090
yersinia pseudotuberculosis colitis presented with severe gastrointestinal bleeding.we report an adult case of yersinia pseudotuberculosis colitis who presented with severe gastrointestinal bleeding. a 25-year-old male had admitted with fever, vomiting, body aches, and massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding. since diagnostic tests were unremarkable and the patient's hemodynamic condition was unstable, emergency explorative laparotomy was performed. during the operation, localized wall thickening and ulcers were seen in the cecum. right hemicolectomy was performed. histological ...201020872335
alternative endogenous protein processing via an autophagy-dependent pathway compensates for yersinia-mediated inhibition of endosomal major histocompatibility complex class ii antigen presentation.extracellular yersinia pseudotuberculosis employs a type iii secretion system (t3ss) for translocating virulence factors (yersinia outer proteins [yops]) directly into the cytosol of eukaryotic cells. recently, we used yope as a carrier molecule for t3ss-dependent secretion and translocation of listeriolysin o (llo) from listeria monocytogenes. we demonstrated that translocation of chimeric yope/llo into the cytosol of macrophages by yersinia results in the induction of a codominant antigen-spec ...201020876292
microbial communication and virulence: lessons from evolutionary theory.at the heart of tackling the huge challenge posed by infectious micro-organisms is the overwhelming need to understand their nature. a major question is, why do some species of bacteria rapidly kill their host whilst others are relatively benign? for example, yersinia pestis, the causative organism of plague, is a highly virulent human pathogen whilst the closely related yersinia pseudotuberculosis causes a much less severe disease. using molecular techniques such as mutating certain genes, micr ...201020929954
predicting conserved essential genes in bacteria: in silico identification of putative drug targets.many genes have been listed as putatively essential for bacterial viability in the database of essential genomes (deg), although few have been experimentally validated. by prioritising targets according to the criteria suggested by the research and training in tropical diseases (tdr) targets database, we have developed a modified down-selection tool to identify essential genes conserved across diverse genera. using this approach we identified 52 proteins conserved to 7 or more of the 14 genomes ...201020949199
in silico comparison of yersinia pestis and yersinia pseudotuberculosis transcriptomes reveals a higher expression level of crucial virulence determinants in the plague bacillus.although yersinia pestis and yersinia pseudotuberculosis are genetically very similar (97% nucleotide sequence identity for most of the chromosomal genes), they exhibit very different patterns of infection. y. pestis causes plague which is usually fatal in the absence of treatment, whereas y. pseudotuberculosis generally triggers non-life-threatening intestinal symptoms. this drastic difference in pathogenicity may result from the acquisition of a few species-specific genes, but also from differ ...201020951640
common and divergent features in transcriptional control of the homologous small rnas glmy and glmz in enterobacteriaceae.small rnas glmy and glmz compose a cascade that feedback-regulates synthesis of enzyme glms in enterobacteriaceae. here, we analyzed the transcriptional regulation of glmy/glmz from yersinia pseudotuberculosis, salmonella typhimurium and escherichia coli, as representatives for other enterobacterial species, which exhibit similar promoter architectures. the glmy and glmz srnas of y. pseudotuberculosis are transcribed from σ(54)-promoters that require activation by the response regulator glrr thr ...201020965974
yersinia pekkanenii sp. nov.taxonomic position of 3 strains from water, soil and lettuce samples, were studied using a polyphasic approach. the strains had been reported to lack the virulence encoding genes inv- and virf in a previous study. controversially, api 20 e and some other phenotypic tests suggested that the strains belong to yersinia pseudotuberculosis which prompted this polyphasic taxonomy study. both in the phylogenetic analyses of four housekeeping genes (glna, gyrb, reca, and hsp60) and numerical analyses of ...201021037033
rapid identification and typing of yersinia pestis and other yersinia species by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (maldi-tof) mass spectrometry.accurate identification is necessary to discriminate harmless environmental yersinia species from the food-borne pathogens yersinia enterocolitica and yersinia pseudotuberculosis and from the group a bioterrorism plague agent yersinia pestis. in order to circumvent the limitations of current phenotypic and pcr-based identification methods, we aimed to assess the usefulness of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (maldi-tof) protein profiling for accurate and rapid identific ...201021073689
occurrence of pathogenic yersinia enterocolitica and yersinia pseudotuberculosis in small wild rodents.summaryrodents are a potential source of pathogenic yersinia enterocolitica and y. pseudotuberculosis. in order to study this, 190 rodents were captured and sampled on seven pig farms (n=110), five chicken farms (n=55) and six other locations (n=25) in sweden. pigs from three of the pig farms were also sampled (n=60). pathogenic y. enterocolitica was detected by taqman pcr in about 5% of rodent samples and 18% of pig samples. only rodents caught on pig farms tested positive for the pathogen. y. ...201021073763
mathematical relationship between cytokine concentrations and pathogen levels during infection.the relationship between concentrations of cytokines and microbial pathogen levels during infection is not clear. in a sub-lethal murine infection model using gram-negative bacterial pathogen yersinia pseudotuberculosis, the serum concentrations (c) of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (tnfα), interferon γ (ifnγ), interleukine-1β (il-1β) and interleukine-18 (il-18) formed a mathematical relationship with the splenic pathogen levels (p) as measured by colony forming unit. naming ...201021093285
pathogen-host interactions in dictyostelium, legionella, mycobacterium and other pathogens.dictyostelium discoideum is a haploid social soil amoeba that is an established host model for several human pathogens. the research areas presently pursued include the use of d. discoideum to identify genetic host factors determining the outcome of infections and the use as screening system for identifying bacterial virulence factors. here we report about the legionella pneumophila directed phagosome biogenesis and the cell-to-cell spread of mycobacterium species. moreover, we highlight recent ...201021109012
population structure and evolution of pathogenicity of yersinia pseudotuberculosis.yersinia pseudotuberculosis is an enteric human pathogen but is widespread in the environment. pathogenicity is determined by a number of virulence factors, including the virulence plasmid pyv, the high-pathogenicity island (hpi), and the y. pseudotuberculosis-derived mitogen (ypm), a superantigen. the presence of the 3 virulence factors varies among y. pseudotuberculosis isolates. we developed a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) scheme to address the population structure of y. pseudotuberculosi ...201021131531
expression, purification, crystallization and initial x-ray diffraction analysis of thiol peroxidase from yersinia pseudotuberculosis.thiol peroxidase is an atypical 2-cys peroxiredoxin that reduces alkyl hydroperoxides. wild-type and c61s mutant protein have been recombinantly expressed in escherichia coli and purified using nickel-affinity chromatography. initial crystallization trials yielded three crystal forms in three different space groups (p2(1), p6(4) and p2(1)2(1)2(1)) both in the presence and the absence of dtt.201021139206
genomic characterization of the yersinia genus.new dna sequencing technologies have enabled detailed comparative genomic analyses of entire genera of bacterial pathogens. prior to this study, three species of the enterobacterial genus yersinia that cause invasive human diseases (yersinia pestis, yersinia pseudotuberculosis, and yersinia enterocolitica) had been sequenced. however, there were no genomic data on the yersinia species with more limited virulence potential, frequently found in soil and water environments.201020047673
yersinia ironomics: comparison of iron transporters among yersinia pestis biotypes and its nearest neighbor, yersinia pseudotuberculosis.although yersinia pestis epidemic biovars and yersinia pseudotuberculosis are recently diverged, highly related species, they cause different diseases via disparate transmission routes. since iron transport systems are important for iron acquisition from hosts and for survival in the environment, we have analyzed potential iron transport systems encoded by epidemic and non-epidemic or endemic strains of y. pestis as well as two virulent y. pseudotuberculosis strains. computational biology analys ...201020049509
development of multitarget real-time pcr for the rapid, specific, and sensitive detection of yersinia pestis in milk and ground beef.real-time pcr has been used previously to detect yersinia pestis; this study applies this rapid, specific, and sensitive nucleic acid-based method to the detection and quantitation of y. pestis specifically in food. five sets of primers and corresponding taqman dual-labelled fluorogenic hybridization probes for y. pestis were designed and optimized for specificity testing using genomic dna from 71 bacterial strains. four y. pestis -specific primer and probe sets were developed, based on the viru ...201020051199
efficacy of an oral live vaccine for veterinary use against pseudotuberculosis.pseudotuberculosis, an infection caused by the ubiquitous enteropathogenic bacterium yersinia pseudotuberculosis, is a recurrent veterinary problem in livestock and zoo animals. the only vaccine currently available in zoos is pseudovac (a mixture of killed strains of various serotypes), but its efficacy is not well established. we show here that pseudovac does not protect guinea pigs against a severe y. pseudotuberculosis infection. we thus evaluated the possibility of using a live attenuated y. ...201020034670
bmper is upregulated by statins and modulates endothelial inflammation by intercellular adhesion molecule-1.in addition to lowering cholesterol, statins exert pleiotropic effects on endothelial cells. bone morphogenetic proteins (bmps) have recently been implicated in vascular inflammation and disease. we set out to investigate the effect of statins on bmp endothelial cell precursor-derived regulator (bmper), a novel member of the bmp pathway.201020042706
cellular fatty acids as chemical markers for differentiation of yersinia pestis and yersinia pseudotuberculosis.gas chromatography (gc) was utilized to investigate the cellular fatty acids (cfas) composition of 141 yersinia pestis isolates from different plague foci of china, and 20 yersinia pseudotuberculosis strains as well.201019912526
wild boars as an important reservoir for foodborne pathogens.one hundred fifty-three wild boars shot in the canton of geneva, switzerland, were studied for the occurrence of foodborne pathogens. tonsils and fecal samples of the animals were examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked fluorescent immunoassay, and cultural methods. the detection rate of salmonella spp., yersinia enterocolitica, yersinia pseudotuberculosis, stx-positive escherichia coli, and listeria monocytogenes was 12%, 35%, 20%, 9%, and 17%, respectively, when tonsi ...201019899962
enantioselective intermolecular aldehyde-ketone cross-coupling through an enzymatic carboligation reaction. 201020191639
a dominant-negative needle mutant blocks type iii secretion of early but not late substrates in yersinia.yersinia pseudotuberculosis uses a type iii secretion system (t3ss) to deliver effectors into host cells. a key component of the t3ss is the needle, which is a hollow tube on the bacterial surface through which effectors are secreted, composed of the yscf protein. to study needle assembly, we performed a screen for dominant-negative yscf alleles that prevented effector secretion in the presence of wild-type (wt) yscf. one allele, yscf-l54v, prevents wt yscf secretion and needle assembly, althoug ...201020199604
[immunochemical characteristics of synthetic peptides incorporating t- and b-cell epitopes nonspecific porins of pathogenic yersinia].multiple antigenic peptides (maps), a sequence which include common antigenic epitopes of outer membrane porins (om) bacteria of the genus yersinia (y. pseudotuberculosis, y. enterocolitica, y. pestis), pathogenic for humans have been synthesized. after immunization of balb/c mice the antiserum to the peptide have been obtained. with the help of elisa we showed that these sera interact with porins isolated from om pathogenic yersinia, and map interact with antibodies in sera from rabbits immuniz ...201021317944
[variability of the inv gene fragment encoding a functionally important domain of yersinia pseudotuberculosis invasin].a total of 84 y. pseudotuberculosis isolates were studied. the isolates were obtained in russian federation in 1967-2008. the majority of y. pseudotuberculosis isolates (n = 55) were of clinical origin and were isolated from feces of patients with the clinically and serologically proved diagnosis of pseudotuberculosis/far east scarlet-like fever. these isolates included 18 isolates obtained from 3 outbreaks. nine isolates were isolated from the internal organs of wild rodents. other isolates wer ...201020364476
the c-terminal tail of yersinia pseudotuberculosis yopm is critical for interacting with rsk1 and for virulence.yersinia spp. undermine the immune responses of infected animals by translocating yops directly into host cells with a type iii secretion system. yopm, a leucine-rich repeat protein, is a critical virulence factor in infection. yopm localizes to both the nucleus and the cytoplasm in cultured cells, interacts with mammalian p90 ribosomal s6 kinase 1 (rsk1), and causes a decrease in nk cell populations in spleens. little is known about the molecular interaction between yopm and rsk1 and its signif ...201020368345
characterization of an aspartate-dependent acid survival system in yersinia pseudotuberculosis.enteric bacteria have developed various survival systems that protect against acid stress. in this study, an aspartate-dependent acid survival system is characterized in yersinia pseudotuberculosis. the expression of aspartase (aspa) was confirmed to be increased at acidic ph by proteomic and lacz fusion analyses. addition of aspartate increased acid survival of the wild type but not the aspa knockout mutant. aspa increases acid survival by producing ammonia as demonstrated by mutation and in vi ...201020371246
a solvent-exposed patch in chaperone-bound yope is required for translocation by the type iii secretion system.most effector proteins of bacterial type iii secretion (t3s) systems require chaperone proteins for translocation into host cells. such effectors are bound by chaperones in a conserved and characteristic manner, with the chaperone-binding (cb) region of the effector wound around the chaperone in a highly extended conformation. this conformation has been suggested to serve as a translocation signal in promoting the association between the chaperone-effector complex and a bacterial component requi ...201020382763
identification and characterization of small-molecule inhibitors of yop translocation in yersinia pseudotuberculosis.type three secretion systems (ttsss) are virulence factors found in many pathogenic gram-negative species, including the family of pathogenic yersinia spp. yersinia pseudotuberculosis requires the translocation of a group of effector molecules, called yops, to subvert the innate immune response and establish infection. polarized transfer of yops from bacteria to immune cells depends on several factors, including the presence of a functional ttss, the successful attachment of yersinia to the targ ...201020498321
["autophagy and microorganisms": hotspots of a mini-symposium]. 201020510155
yersinia pseudotuberculosis as a cause of ocular disease in goats. 201020511658
delineation of regions of the yersinia yopm protein required for interaction with the rsk1 and prk2 host kinases and their requirement for interleukin-10 production and virulence.the yopm protein of yersinia sp. is a type iii secreted effector that is required for virulence in murine models of infection. yopm has previously been shown to contain leucine-rich repeats (lrrs) and to interact with two host kinases, rsk1 and prk2, although the consequence of these interactions is unknown. a series of yopm proteins missing different numbers of lrrs or a c-terminal domain were produced and used for in vitro binding reactions to map domains required for interaction with rsk1 and ...201020515922
yopd self-assembly and binding to lcrv facilitate type iii secretion activity by yersinia pseudotuberculosis.yopd-like translocator proteins encoded by several gram-negative bacteria are important for type iii secretion-dependent delivery of anti-host effectors into eukaryotic cells. this probably depends on their ability to form pores in the infected cell plasma membrane, through which effectors may gain access to the cell interior. in addition, yersinia yopd is a negative regulator essential for the control of effector synthesis and secretion. as a prerequisite for this functional duality, yopd may n ...201020525687
the importance of the small rna chaperone hfq for growth of epidemic yersinia pestis, but not yersinia pseudotuberculosis, with implications for plague biology.yersinia pestis, the etiologic agent of plague, has only recently evolved from yersinia pseudotuberculosis. hfq deletion caused severe growth restriction at 37 degrees c in y. pestis but not in y. pseudotuberculosis. strains from all epidemic plague biovars were similarly affected, implicating hfq, and likely small rnas (srnas), in the unique biology of the plague bacillus.201020543069
post-translational modification of the deubiquitinating enzyme otubain 1 modulates active rhoa levels and susceptibility to yersinia invasion.microbial pathogens exploit the ubiquitin system to facilitate infection and manipulate the immune responses of the host. in this study, susceptibility to yersinia enterocolitica and yersinia pseudotuberculosis invasion was found to be increased upon overexpression of the deubiquitinating enzyme otubain 1 (otub1), a member of the ovarian tumour domain-containing protein family. conversely, otub1 knockdown interfered with yersinia invasion in hek293t cells as well as in primary monocytes. this ef ...201020553488
oligomeric coiled-coil adhesin yada is a double-edged sword.yersinia adhesin a (yada) is an essential virulence factor for the food-borne pathogens yersinia enterocolitica and yersinia pseudotuberculosis. surprisingly, it is a pseudogene in yersinia pestis. even more intriguing, the introduction of a functional yada gene in y. pestis ev76 was shown to correlate with a decrease in virulence in a mouse model. here, we report that wild type (wt) y. enterocolitica e40, as well as yada-deprived e40 induced the synthesis of neutrophil extracellular traps (nets ...201021170337
yersinia pseudotuberculosis mnth functions in intracellular manganese accumulation that is essential for virulence and survival in cells expressing functional nramp1.manganese has an important yet undefined role in the virulence of many bacterial pathogens. in this study we confirm that a null mutation in yersinia pseudotuberculosis mnth reduces intracellular manganese accumulation. an mnth mutant was susceptible to killing by reactive oxygen species when grown under manganese limited conditions. the mnth mutant was defective in survival and growth in macrophages expressing functional nramp1, but in macrophages deficient in nramp the bacteria were able to su ...201021183572
systematic analysis of cyclic di-gmp signalling enzymes and their role in biofilm formation and virulence in yersinia pestis.cyclic di-gmp (c-di-gmp) is a signalling molecule that governs the transition between planktonic and biofilm states. previously, we showed that the diguanylate cyclase hmst and the putative c-di-gmp phosphodiesterase hmsp inversely regulate biofilm formation through control of hmshfrs-dependent poly-β-1,6-n-acetylglucosamine synthesis. here, we systematically examine the functionality of the genes encoding putative c-di-gmp metabolic enzymes in yersinia pestis. we determine that, in addition to ...201021219468
reduction of enteropathogenic yersinia in the pig slaughterhouse by using bagging of the rectum.to evaluate the effectiveness of bagging of the rectum in mitigating the contamination of carcasses with enteropathogenic yersinia at the slaughterhouse and to estimate the hidden prevalences of these pathogens in different farm types and capacities, samples from pigs, carcasses, and slaughterhouse environment were collected, and a bayesian probability model was constructed. in addition, the contamination routes were studied with molecular typing of the isolated strains. according to the model, ...201021219732
the presence of anti-yersinia pseudotuberculosis immunoglobulins in equine serum.the research was conducted on clinically healthy mares (n = 40) and foals (n = 78) during y. pseudotuberculosis associated enzootics. the animals were divided into groups: i to iv--mares, ia to iva--their offsprings, ib to ivb--foals which mothers were not treated with any medicaments. the animals in group i, ia and ib were injected with pbs; in group ii, iia and iib--with y. pseudotuberculosis strain-based vaccine, in group iii, iiia and iiib--with p. acnes strain-based immunostimulator; in gro ...201021370753
[to the differential diagnosis of arthritis of pseudotuberculous and chlamydial etiology].to define main differential diagnostic criteria for arthritides of chlamydial and pseudotuberculous etiology and to improve patient examination tactics.201021381351
[enteropathogenic yersinia and host cytokine system].data about interaction of virulence factors of yersinia enterocolitica and yersinia pseudotuberculosis with host immune system cells are presented in the review. response of innate and adaptive immunity cytokine system in cultures in vitro and during experiment was characterized; scarce data on production of cytokines in patients with yersiniosis are presented.201021384597
a precision alignment frame for endosseous post dental implants.the advantages of the precision alignment frame are that it (1) accurately positions and aligns the initial pilot drill at implant surgery, (2) has no adverse effects on the diagnostic cast, (3) eliminates the need for an incision or raising a flap when locating a submerged implant root for transmucosal connection, (4) consistently and accurately records the relation of the implant root to the radiograph, (5) permits long-term evaluation of the implant after restoration, (6) has components that ...20103058942
a precision alignment frame for endosseous post dental implants.the advantages of the precision alignment frame are that it (1) accurately positions and aligns the initial pilot drill at implant surgery, (2) has no adverse effects on the diagnostic cast, (3) eliminates the need for an incision or raising a flap when locating a submerged implant root for transmucosal connection, (4) consistently and accurately records the relation of the implant root to the radiograph, (5) permits long-term evaluation of the implant after restoration, (6) has components that ...20103058942
eponyms in oncology. max wilms (1867-1918). 20103019781
eponyms in oncology. max wilms (1867-1918). 20103019781
nodular fascitis of the mandible in a child.nodular fascitis is an unusual, tumor-like, proliferative, fibroblastic lesion with infiltrative properties. we describe a case of nodular fascitis appearing in the mandible of a 2-year-old boy. a brief review of the literature on this lesion arising from intra or perioral regions, and the importance of differential diagnosis for this lesions are discussed.20103091735
interrelationship between pituitary and ovarian hormones in normal and neoplastic growth of mammary glands of mice.while prolactin is a key hormone for normal and neoplastic mammary gland growth, the participation of ovarian estrogen and progesterone is essential for these processes under the normal physiological conditions. prolactin exerts its influence directly to the glands and indirectly through its luteotropic effects by stimulation of ovarian progesterone secretion. furthermore, the action of prolactin, whether in promoting normal growth and function or enhancing the progression of neoplastic foci, de ...20102942074
effects of psychotropic medications on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal regulation.the psychotropic medications reviewed in this paper have widespread clinical applicability in psychiatry and other branches of medicine. these drugs clearly can alter peripheral regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hormones. in general, psychotropic medications when administered acutely have a tendency to increase the output of both adrenal and pituitary hormones associated with the axis; the benzodiazepines appear to be the exception and indeed may decrease axis activity. psychotro ...20102897911
electron microscopy after direct ultracentrifugation.a direct ultracentrifugation technique was used in the preparation of skin lesion specimens for examination by electron microscopy. the concentration factor of centrifuged specimens was estimated to be in excess of 1,000-fold compared to conventional adsorption techniques. this resulted in an increase of over 300% in the detection rate of herpesviruses and poxviruses from skin lesion specimens.20102987776
[relationship of hand temperature and blood beta-endorphin-like immunoreactive substance with electroacupuncture induction of ovulation]. 20102949892
uremia and anemia. 20104254661
[specific trophoblastic beta-glycoprotein in obstetric practice]. 20102948407
carbohydrate structures of nonspecific cross-reacting antigen-2, a glycoprotein purified from meconium as an antigen cross-reacting with anticarcinoembryonic antigen antibody. occurrence of complex-type sugar chains with the gal beta 1----3glcnac beta 1----3gal beta 1----4glcnac beta 1----outer chains.nonspecific cross-reacting antigen-2 (nca-2) is a glycoprotein purified from meconium as a closely correlated entity with carcinoembryonic antigen (cea). as in the case of cea, only asparagine-linked sugar chains are included in nca-2. in order to elucidate the structural characteristics of the sugar chains of nca-2, they were quantitatively released from the polypeptide backbone by hydrazinolysis and reduced with nab3h4 after n-acetylation. the radioactive oligosaccharides were fractionated by ...20102808357
[value of computerized tomography for the assessment of the parametrium in cervical cancer].the clinical and ct appearances of the parametrium in 79 patients with carcinoma of the cervix were compared with the histological findings obtained at surgery. the accuracy of ct in stages t1/t2a was 46.6%, in category t2b 64.9% and in category t3b 66.6%. clinical examination showed fewer errors. ct does not contribute to the evaluation of infiltration of the parametrium from carcinoma of the cervix, nor can it correct the findings on palpation. tumour infiltration and operability are not demon ...20102999892
[the complex diagnosis of nonorganic neoplasms of the small pelvis].the paper discusses the results of examination of 205 cases of extra-organ tumors of the small pelvis carried out in 1967-1986. the study group included 65 pediatric and 140 adult patients, 57 (28%) males and 148 (72%) females, 194 primary and 11 relapsing cases. patients aged under 4 years (47, i. e. 23%) prevailed. benign tumors were detected in 83 (40.5%) and malignant ones--in 122 (59.5%) cases. disease was asymptomatic in 39 (19.0%) patients and presented with multiple symptoms in 166 (81.0 ...20102919506
[treatment of post-burn scars]. 20103398427
somatostatins of the channel catfish.pancreatic tissue of the channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) contains two somatostatins. the amino acid sequence of a 14-residue containing peptide (ss-14) is identical in sequence and has the same mass ion by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry as mammalian ss-14. a 22-residue somatostatin (ss-22) has also been isolated and its amino acid sequence determined. the amino acid sequence differs from that reported by oyama et al. (j biol chem 255:2251, 1980) in two of the 22-residues (position ...20102863931
stress of delivery and plasma endorphins and catecholamines in the newborn infant.cord plasma levels of endorphins and catecholamines were correlated with the values of cord blood gas analysis and with hemodynamic parameters in 11 newborns (group a) delivered by elective cesarean section and in 18 newborns (group b) born spontaneously by vaginal route. all infants were in a good condition. no statistically significant differences were found in the mean cord plasma levels of adrenaline (a), noradrenaline (na) and immunoreactive beta-endorphin (ir beta-e) between groups a and b ...20102937459
the classic. concept of disability. by earl d. mcbride. 1963. 20102955987
soft tissue and bone sarcomas. 20103079390
extrafacial rosacea is rare but does exist. 20102950144
implications of tooth root hypercementosis in a barbados slave skeletal collection.a 17th- to 19th-century cemetery sample of 104 slaves from newton plantation (barbados) shows uniquely high hypercementosis prevalence, as well as unexpectedly high and variable skeletal lead content. a variety of biological and archeological factors indicates that individuals with lower amounts of these anomalies (relative to age at death) were probably african-born, first-generation slaves. the hypercementosis is related to the progression of periodontal disease as assessed from alveolar bone. ...20103322025
neuroendocrine and other studies of the mechanism of antidepressant action of desipramine.it is not known whether in depressed patients antidepressant treatment increases or reduces monoaminergic neurotransmission. clinical studies are therefore reviewed that investigate adaptive changes at adrenoceptors in depressed patients treated with desipramine, and the net effect of these changes upon neurotransmission. although in animals chronic desipramine treatment enhances the responsiveness of alpha 1-adrenoceptors to phenylephrine, no such effect could be demonstrated in patients upon t ...20103028722
neuroendocrine and other studies of the mechanism of antidepressant action of desipramine.it is not known whether in depressed patients antidepressant treatment increases or reduces monoaminergic neurotransmission. clinical studies are therefore reviewed that investigate adaptive changes at adrenoceptors in depressed patients treated with desipramine, and the net effect of these changes upon neurotransmission. although in animals chronic desipramine treatment enhances the responsiveness of alpha 1-adrenoceptors to phenylephrine, no such effect could be demonstrated in patients upon t ...20103028722
characterization and control of radon-222 and its progeny in buildings.indoor exposure to the naturally occurring, short-lived decay products of radon (rn-222) inside buildings and homes may pose a significant public health problem. estimates are that as many as 8 million residential buildings may have indoor radon concentrations that exceed the action level recommended by the u.s. environmental protection agency (4 pci.l-1). this paper examines the sources of radon in buildings and provides an overview of the methods currently available to reduce indoor concentrat ...20103202810
progress toward abatement of air pollution. 20104170946
the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias during intravenous digital subtraction angiography: a comparison of peripheral and central injections.intravenous digital subtraction arteriography (iv-dsa) was carried out in 204 patients with arteriosclerotic peripheral vascular disease using the non-ionic contrast medium iopamidol 370. in 124 patients the injection was made into an antecubital vein and in 80 into the right atrium. rhythm strip electrocardiograms showed no significant difference in incidence or type of arrhythmias between either injection method (p greater than 0.95).20102941437
peptidergic modulation of a neuromuscular junction in aplysia: bioactivity and immunocytochemistry.three endogenous peptides were assayed for bioactivity at an aplysia neuromuscular junction. evoked contractions were enhanced by phe-met-arg-phe-nh2 (fmrfamide) and suppressed by arginine vasotocin; small cardioactive peptide b (scpb) also enhanced contractions at low concentrations, but caused suppression at higher doses. in accordance with their putative roles as neuromodulators, immunocytochemistry revealed fmrfamide-like and scpb-like fibers on the muscle surface.20103011188
peptidergic modulation of a neuromuscular junction in aplysia: bioactivity and immunocytochemistry.three endogenous peptides were assayed for bioactivity at an aplysia neuromuscular junction. evoked contractions were enhanced by phe-met-arg-phe-nh2 (fmrfamide) and suppressed by arginine vasotocin; small cardioactive peptide b (scpb) also enhanced contractions at low concentrations, but caused suppression at higher doses. in accordance with their putative roles as neuromodulators, immunocytochemistry revealed fmrfamide-like and scpb-like fibers on the muscle surface.20103011188
working on. 20103347557
murine ly-6 multigene family is located on chromosome 15.murine ly-6-encoded molecules play an important role in the antigen-independent activation of lymphocytes. we have described the cloning of a cdna encoding the protein component of an ly-6 molecule. hybridization studies indicated that this cdna identified multiple dna fragments on southern blots. the banding pattern exhibits a restriction fragment length polymorphism from mice bearing either the ly-6a or the ly-6b allele. we have employed three independent chromosomal mapping techniques, somati ...20102882510
needle localization of nonpalpable breast lesions with a portable dual-grid compression system. work in progress.a new device and a geometric algorithm facilitate consistent insertion of a needle tip into nonpalpable breast lesions on a single attempt. with the breast compressed by dual grid plates, two oblique exposures are taken. three intersecting planes through the lesion referenced to the grid markings permit easy determination of the lesion coordinates. in initial trials for preoperative breast lesion localization in 11 patients, the needle tip was within the lesion in nine patients and was within 0. ...20102916022
fatal epidermal necrolysis associated with isoxicam. 20102863517
[recent perspectives in the protection of the skin from mustard gas]. 20103206620
presence of several molecular forms of gonadotropins in pituitary adenomas. 20103109342
diaziquone as a potential agent for photoirradiation therapy: formation of the semiquinone and hydroxyl radicals by visible light.when diaziquone was irradiated with 500 nm visible light, hydroxyl free radicals as well as the diaziquone semiquinone were produced. the diaziquone semiquinone is a stable free radical that exhibits a characteristic 5-line electron spin resonance (esr) spectrum. since hydroxyl free radicals are short lived, and not observable by conventional esr, the nitrone spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide (dmpo) was used to convert hydroxyl radicals into longer lived esr detectable spin adducts. the ...20102998365
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