Publications

indole prenyltransferases from fungi: a new enzyme group with high potential for the production of prenylated indole derivatives.	prenylated indole derivatives are hybrid natural products containing both aromatic and isoprenoid moieties and are widely spread in plants, fungi and bacteria. some of these complex natural products, e.g. the ergot alkaloids ergotamine and fumigaclavine c as well as the diketopiperazine derivative fumitremorgin c and its biosynthetic precursors tryprostatin a and b, show a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities. prenyl transfer reactions catalysed by prenyltransferases represent ...	2009	19149573
contribution of peroxisomes to penicillin biosynthesis in aspergillus nidulans.	peroxisomal localization of the third enzyme of the penicillin biosynthesis pathway of aspergillus nidulans, acyl-coenzyme a:ipn acyltransferase (iat), is mediated by its atypical peroxisomal targeting signal 1 (pts1). however, mislocalization of iat by deletion of either its pts1 or of genes encoding proteins involved in peroxisome formation or transport does not completely abolish penicillin biosynthesis. this is in contrast to the effects of iat mislocalization in penicillium chrysogenum.	2009	19151327
identification of virulence genes in fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici by large-scale transposon tagging.	forward genetic screens are efficient tools for the dissection of complex biological processes, such as fungal pathogenicity. a transposon tagging system was developed in the vascular wilt fungus fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici by inserting the novel modified impala element imp160::gfp upstream of the aspergillus nidulans niad gene, followed by transactivation with a constitutively expressed transposase. a collection of 2072 nia(+) revertants was obtained from reporter strain t12 and scree ...	2009	19161356
antifungal activity of anidulafungin, a product of aspergillus nidulans, against aspergillus nidulans.	anidulafungin is a semisynthetic product originating from aspergillus nidulans. the aim of this study was to determine whether this drug is active against a. nidulans strains. the minimum effective concentration (mec) of anidulafungin without and with 50% foetal calf serum was determined according to the clinical and laboratory standards microdilution method. all 13 a. nidulans strains were highly susceptible to anidulafungin, with a mec of 0.031mg/l. the presence of serum did not affect the in ...	2009	19026523
the aspergillus nidulans kinesin-3 unca motor moves vesicles along a subpopulation of microtubules.	the extremely polarized growth form of filamentous fungi imposes a huge challenge on the cellular transport machinery, because proteins and lipids required for hyphal extension need to be continuously transported to the growing tip. recently, it was shown that endocytosis is also important for hyphal growth. here, we found that the aspergillus nidulans kinesin-3 motor protein unca transports vesicles and is required for fast hyphal extension. most surprisingly, unca-dependent vesicle movement oc ...	2009	19037104
thematic issue: aspergillus genomics and beyond. preface.		2009	19041727
proteomic analysis of aspergillus nidulans cultured under hypoxic conditions.	the fungus aspergillus nidulans reduces nitrate to ammonium and simultaneously oxidizes ethanol to acetate to generate atp under hypoxic conditions in a mechanism called ammonia fermentation (takasaki, k. et al.. j. biol. chem. 2004, 279, 12414-12420). to elucidate the mechanism, the fungus was cultured under normoxic and hypoxic (ammonia fermenting) conditions, intracellular proteins were resolved by 2-de, and 332 protein spots were identified using maldi ms after tryptic digestion. alcohol and ...	2009	19053082
analysis and prediction of gene splice sites in four aspergillus genomes.	several aspergillus fungal genomic sequences have been published, with many more in progress. obviously, it is essential to have high-quality, consistently annotated sets of proteins from each of the genomes, in order to make meaningful comparisons. we have developed a dedicated, publicly available, splice site prediction program called netaspgene, for the genus aspergillus. gene sequences from aspergillus fumigatus, the most common mould pathogen, were used to build and test our model. compared ...	2009	18948220
aspergillus nidulans flbe is an upstream developmental activator of conidiation functionally associated with the putative transcription factor flbb.	aspergillus nidulans switches from vegetative growth to conidiation when aerial hyphae make contact with the atmosphere, or are subjected to specific environmental stress. the activation of the central conidiation pathway led by the transcription factor brla is a critical milestone in this morphogenetic transition. a number of upstream developmental activators (udas), expressed in vegetative cells, are required for this process to occur in conjunction with cessation of vegetative growth. mutants ...	2009	19007409
genetic regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis: from gene to genome.	aflatoxins are notorious toxic secondary metabolites known for their impacts on human and animal health, and their effects on the marketability of key grain and nut crops. understanding aflatoxin biosynthesis is the focus of a large and diverse research community. concerted efforts by this community have led not only to a well-characterized biosynthetic pathway, but also to the discovery of novel regulatory mechanisms. common to secondary metabolism is the clustering of biosynthetic genes and th ...	2009	19010433
transcription regulation of the pbgp43 gene by nitrogen in the human pathogen paracoccidioides brasiliensis.	we show indirect evidences for the possible involvement of nit2-like binding motifs in transcription modulation of the pbgp43 gene, which codes for an important antigen from the human fungal pathogen paracoccidioides brasiliensis. this investigation was motivated by the finding of 23 nit2-like sites within the proximal -2047 nucleotides of the pbgp43 5' intergenic region from the pb339 isolate. they compose four clusters, two of them identical. we found four nit2-containing probes that were posi ...	2009	19013535
quality evaluation of co-composted wheat straw, poultry droppings and oil seed cakes.	poultry droppings, neem cake, castor cake, jatropha cake and grass clippings were used separately as organic nitrogen additives to decrease the high c:n ratio of wheat straw. composting was carried out aerobically in presence of fungal consortium developed by including aspergillus awamori, aspergillus nidulans, trichoderma viride and phanerochaete chrysosporium. the degraded product was characterized to assess the technical viability of organic nitrogen supplements as well as fungal consortium i ...	2009	19015937
the three fungal transmembrane nuclear pore complex proteins of aspergillus nidulans are dispensable in the presence of an intact an-nup84-120 complex.	in aspergillus nidulans nuclear pore complexes (npcs) undergo partial mitotic disassembly such that 12 npc proteins (nups) form a core structure anchored across the nuclear envelope (ne). to investigate how the npc core is maintained, we affinity purified the major core an-nup84-120 complex and identified two new fungal nups, an-nup37 and an-elys, previously thought to be vertebrate specific. during mitosis the an-nup84-120 complex locates to the ne and spindle pole bodies but, unlike vertebrate ...	2009	19019988
a novel highly acidic beta-mannanase from the acidophilic fungus bispora sp. mey-1: gene cloning and overexpression in pichia pastoris.	using degenerate polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and thermal asymmetric interlaced pcr, a 1,347-bp full-length complementary dna fragment encompassing the gene man5a, which encodes a 429-amino acid beta-mannanase with a calculated mass of 46.8 kda, was cloned from acidophilic bispora sp. mey-1. the deduced amino acid sequence (catalytic domain) displayed highest identity (54.1%) with the emericella nidulans endo-beta-1,4-d-mannanase, a member of the glycoside hydrolase family 5. recombinant man5 ...	2009	18998121
long-distance movement of aspergillus nidulans early endosomes on microtubule tracks.	in fungal hyphal cells, intracellular membrane trafficking is constrained by the relatively long intracellular distances and the mode of growth, exclusively by apical extension. endocytosis plays a key role in hyphal tip growth, which involves the coupling of secretory membrane delivery to the apical region with subapical compensatory endocytosis. however, the identity, dynamics and function of filamentous fungal endosomal compartments remain largely unexplored. aspergillus nidulans raba(rab5) l ...	2009	19000168
effect of bioaugmentation and nitrogen supplementation on composting of paddy straw.	a composting experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of a hyperlignocellulolytic fungal consortium and different nitrogen amendments on paddy straw composting in terms of changes in physicochemical and biological parameters. a fungal consortium comprising four lignocellulolytic mesophilic fungal cultures was used as inoculum for bioaugmentation of paddy straw in perforated pits. the comparative effect of farmyard manure (fym), soybean trash, poultry litter and urea on the composting proc ...	2009	18839317
overexpression of a novel endogenous nadh kinase in aspergillus nidulans enhances growth.	the complete genome sequence of the filamentous fungi aspergillus nidulans has paved the way for fundamental research on this industrially important species. to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a gene encoding for atp-dependent nadh kinase (atp:nadh 2'-phosphotransferase, ec 2.7.1.86) has been identified. the enzyme has a predicted molecular weight of 49 kda. we characterised the role of this nadh kinase by genomic integration of the putative gene an8837.2 under a strong constit ...	2009	18840540
annotation of stress-response proteins in the aspergilli.	stress-response proteins of aspergillus nidulans, aspergillus clavatus, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus terreus and neosartorya fischeri (3908 in total) were annotated and grouped according to stress types (http://193.6.155.82/aspergillusstress/). all genomes harboured elements of the sska-hoga/saka stress signalling pathway. there are accumulating data pointing at the importance of sska-hoga/saka signalling in different types of stre ...	2009	18703157
genotoxicity of achillea millefolium essential oil in diploid cells of aspergillus nidulans.	the essential oil of achillea millefolium is commonly used in folk medicine for the treatment of several diseases and has been demonstrated previously to exert an in vitro antimicrobial activity against human pathogens. current study investigates the genotoxic activity of a. millefolium oil. the oil's major constituents are: chamazulene (42.15%), sabinene (19.72%), terpin-4-ol (5.22%), beta-caryophyllene (4.44%) and eucalyptol (3.10%), comprising 74.63% of the total. the oil's genotoxic evaluati ...	2009	18803228
a survey of nonribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps) genes in aspergillus nidulans.	the genome of aspergillus nidulans carries 27 genes encoding nonribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps) structures, although only five of these forming peptides and amino acid containing metabolites have been identified so far. this manuscript describes domain structures, substrate binding pockets and related genes and gene clusters and summarizes our current state of product prediction of fungal nrps systems.	2009	18804170
functional diversity of chitin synthases of aspergillus nidulans in hyphal growth, conidiophore development and septum formation.	fungal chitin synthases are classified into seven classes. recent advances in genome sequence analyses have revealed that there are more than seven chitin synthase-encoding genes in the genome of filamentous ascomycete fungi. to clarify the functional differences among these genes in the morphogenesis and hyphal tip growth, we have cloned six chitin synthase-encoding genes from aspergillus nidulans and analyzed their functions. the results obtained suggest that chitin synthases are structurally ...	2009	18651309
effect of culture temperature on the heterologous expression of pleurotus eryngii versatile peroxidase in aspergillus hosts.	production of recombinant versatile peroxidase in aspergillus hosts was optimized through the modification of temperature during bioreactor cultivations. to further this purpose, the cdna encoding a versatile peroxidase of pleurotus eryngii was expressed under control of the alcohol dehydrogenase (alca) promoter of aspergillus nidulans. a dependence of recombinant peroxidase production on cultivation temperature was found. lowering the culture temperature from 28 to 19 degrees c enhanced the lev ...	2009	18481101
the level of sulfane sulfur in the fungus aspergillus nidulans wild type and mutant strains.	the interdependence of the sulfane sulfur metabolism and sulfur amino acid metabolism was studied in the fungus aspergillus nidulans wild type strain and in mutants impaired in genes encoding enzymes involved in the synthesis of cysteine (a precursor of sulfane sulfur) or in regulatory genes of the sulfur metabolite repression system. it was found that a low concentration of cellular cysteine leads to elevation of two sulfane sulfurtransferases, rhodanase and cystathionine gamma-lyase, while the ...	2009	18781374
a single channel for nitrate uptake, nitrite export and nitrite uptake by escherichia coli naru and a role for nirc in nitrite export and uptake.	two related polytopic membrane proteins of the major facilitator family, nark and naru, catalyse nitrate uptake, nitrite export and nitrite uptake across the escherichia coli cytoplasmic membrane by an unknown mechanism. a 12-helix model of naru was constructed based upon six alkaline phosphatase and beta-galactosidase fusions to nark and the predicted hydropathy for the nark family. fifteen residues conserved in the nark-naru protein family were substituted by site-directed mutagenesis, includi ...	2009	18691156
proteins involved in microbody biogenesis and degradation in aspergillus nidulans.	fungal microbodies (peroxisomes) are inducible organelles that proliferate in response to nutritional cues. proteins involved in peroxisome biogenesis/proliferation are designated peroxins and are encoded by pex genes. an autophagy-related process, termed pexophagy, is responsible for the selective removal of peroxisomes from the cell. several genes involved in pexophagy are also required for autophagy and are collectively known as atg genes. we have re-analysed the aspergillus nidulans genome f ...	2009	18694841
recombinant bacterial hemoglobin alters metabolism of aspergillus niger.	the filamentous fungus aspergillus niger is used extensively for the production of enzymes and organic acids. a major problem in industrial fermentations with this fungus is to ensure sufficient supply of oxygen required for respiratory metabolism of the fungus. in case of oxygen limitation, the fungus will produce various by-products like organic acids and polyols. in order to circumvent this problem we here study the effects of the expression of a bacterial hemoglobin protein on the metabolism ...	2009	18694843
molecular detection and identification of aspergillus spp. from clinical samples using real-time pcr.	the definite and rapid diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis is necessary because of the high mortality caused. the objective of this study was to evaluate a real-time pcr assay to detect aspergillus spp. in clinical samples, based on the light cycler technology. specificity was assessed by using dna extracted from pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria/fungi from spanish collection including: two aspergillus flavus, four aspergillus fumigatus, two aspergillus nidulans, two aspergillus niger and t ...	2009	18643921
kapi, a non-essential member of the pse1p/imp5 karyopherin family, controls colonial and asexual development in aspergillus nidulans.	asexual development in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans is governed by the timely expression and cellular localization of multiple transcription factors. hence, factors mediating import and export across the nuclear pore complexes (karyopherins) are expected to play a key role in coordinating the developmental programme. here we characterize kapi, a putative homologue of the saccharomyces cerevisiae kap121/pse1p karyopherin. kapi is a non-essential importin-beta-like protein located i ...	2009	19729403
negative roles of a novel nitrogen metabolite repression-related gene, tar1, in laccase production and nitrate utilization by the basidiomycete cryptococcus neoformans.	the multicopper oxidase laccase is widespread in fungi and has great industrial importance. one puzzle regarding laccase production in the basidiomycetous yeast cryptococcus neoformans is that it is inhibited by high temperature (e.g., 37 degrees c). in this paper, we report identification of a nitrogen metabolite repression-related gene, tar1, which is responsible for laccase repression. disruption of tar1 results in a significant increase in the level of lac1 mrna at 37 degrees c. the putative ...	2009	19734333
first case of extensive spinal cord infection with aspergillus nidulans in a child with chronic granulomatous disease.	chronic granulomatous disease (cgd) is characterized by a defect in phagocytic cells that lead to recurrent bacterial and fungal infections. the etiology of most common fungal infections in cgd are aspergillus species. aspergillus nidulans is one of several species of aspergillus with low pathogenicity. however, it was reported to cause fatal invasive aspergillosis in patients with cgd. here we report the first cured invasive aspergillus nidulans infection with extensive involvement of the spina ...	2009	19759498
study of codon bias perspective of fungal xylanase gene by multivariate analysis.	fungal xylanases has important applications in food, baking, pulp and paper industries in addition to various other industries. xylanases are produced extensively by both bacterial and fungal sources and has tremendous potential of being active at extremes of temperature and ph. in the present study an effort has been made to explore the codon bias perspective of this potential enzyme using bioinformatics tools. multivariate analysis has been used as a tool to study codon bias perspectives of xy ...	2009	19759864
analysis of all protein phosphatase genes in aspergillus nidulans identifies a new mitotic regulator, fcp1.	reversible protein phosphorylation is an important regulatory mechanism of cell cycle control in which protein phosphatases counteract the activities of protein kinases. in aspergillus nidulans, 28 protein phosphatase catalytic subunit genes were identified. systematic deletion analysis identified four essential phosphatases and four required for normal growth. conditional alleles of these were generated using the alca promoter. the deleted phosphatase strain collection and regulatable versions ...	2009	19181872
rapid screening and isolation of a fungus for sitosterol to androstenedione biotransformation.	androstenedione (ad) is a steroid intermediate used in the pharmaceutical industry for the production of several important anabolic drugs. an important route for producing ad is by the microbial transformation of sterols. microbes capable of efficiently transforming sterols to ad are few and newer strains need to be isolated. conventional procedures for screening and isolation are time consuming. a new procedure was used for screening and isolation of fungal microorganisms capable of biotransfor ...	2009	19189060
a gene cluster containing two fungal polyketide synthases encodes the biosynthetic pathway for a polyketide, asperfuranone, in aspergillus nidulans.	the genome sequencing of aspergillus species including a. nidulans reveals that the products of many of the secondary metabolism pathways in these fungi have not been elucidated. our examination of the 27 polyketide synthases (pks) in a. nidulans revealed that one highly reduced pks (hr-pks, an1034.3) and one nonreduced pks (nr-pks, an1036.3) are located next to each other in the genome. since no known a. nidulans secondary metabolites could be produced by two pks enzymes, we hypothesized that t ...	2009	19199437
inducer-dependent nuclear localization of a zn(ii)(2)cys(6) transcriptional activator, amyr, in aspergillus nidulans.	amyr is a zn(ii)(2)cys(6) transcriptional activator that regulates expression of the amylolytic genes in aspergillus species. subcellular localization studies of gfp-fused amyr in a. nidulans revealed that the fusion protein preferentially localized to the nucleus in response to isomaltose, the physiological inducer of the amylolytic genes. the c-terminal domains of amyr, designated mh3 (residues 419-496) and mh4 (residues 516-542), were essential for sensing the inducing stimulus and regulating ...	2009	19202286
mutations in genes encoding sorting nexins alter production of intracellular and extracellular proteases in aspergillus nidulans.	xprg, a putative p53-like transcriptional activator, regulates production of extracellular proteases in response to nutrient limitation and may also have a role in programmed cell death. to identify genes that may be involved in the xprg regulatory pathway, xprg2 revertants were isolated and shown to carry mutations in genes which we have named soga-c (suppressors of xprg). the translocation breakpoint in the soga1 mutant was localized to a homolog of saccharomyces cerevisiae vps5 and mapping da ...	2009	19204378
expression of a gfp gene in penicillium nordicum under control of the promoter of the ochratoxin a polyketide synthase gene.	a gfp reporter gene strain of penicillium nordicum was constructed in order to be able to study the influence of environmental parameters on ochratoxin a biosynthesis. to introduce the gfp gene an agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation system (atmt) for p. nordicum was established resulting in a transformation efficiency of about 60 transformants per microg of dna. the selection principle was based on the hygromycin b resistance gene located on the ti-dna fragment of the binary vector ...	2009	19525025
aspergillus fumigatus induces immunoglobulin e-independent mast cell degranulation.	pulmonary colonization by aspergillus fumigatus in chronic lung disease is associated with progressive decline in lung function even in the absence of specific allergic response. we hypothesized that a. fumigatus contributes to this decline by inducing pulmonary mast cell degranulation even in the absence of antigen-specific immunoglobulin e (ige). therefore, we investigated whether a. fumigatus can induce mast cell degranulation independently of ige.	2009	19527167
functional analysis and subcellular localization of two geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthases from penicillium paxilli.	the filamentous fungus penicillium paxilli contains two distinct geranylgeranyl diphosphate (ggpp) synthases, ggsa and ggsb (paxg). paxg and its homologues in neotyphodium lolii and fusarium fujikuroi are associated with diterpene secondary metabolite gene clusters. the genomes of other filamentous fungi including aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus nidulans, aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae and fusarium graminearum also contain two or more copies of ggpp synthase genes, although the diterpe ...	2009	19529962
effect of ozone on spore germination, spore production and biomass production in two aspergillus species.	the ability of ozone gas to reduce food spoilage is relatively well documented, but the developmental effects of the gas on food spoilage fungi are not well known. in this study two model aspergilli, aspergillus nidulans and aspergillus ochraceus were used to study the effects of ozone on spore germination, sporulation and biomass production. these effects were examined under three levels of ozone; two high level ozone exposures (200 and 300 micromol mol(-1)) and one low level exposure (0.2 micr ...	2009	19533409
characterization of the aspergillus ochraceoroseus aflatoxin/sterigmatocystin biosynthetic gene cluster.	production of carcinogenic aflatoxins has been reported from members of aspergillus section flavi, aspergillus section nidulantes and a newly proposed aspergillus section ochraceorosei that consists of aspergillus ochraceoroseus and a. rambellii. unlike members of section flavi, a. ochraceoroseus and a. rambellii have been shown to accumulate both aflatoxin (af) and the aflatoxin precursor sterigmatocystin (st). alhough morphologically distinct from a. nidulans, molecular characterization of a. ...	2009	19537208
restoration of net formation by gene therapy in cgd controls aspergillosis.	chronic granulomatous disease (cgd) patients have impaired nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (nadph) oxidase function, resulting in poor antimicrobial activity of neutrophils, including the inability to generate neutrophil extracellular traps (nets). invasive aspergillosis is the leading cause of death in patients with cgd; it is unclear how neutrophils control aspergillus species in healthy persons. the aim of this study was to determine whether gene therapy restores net formation in ...	2009	19541821
heterologous expression and characterization of cpi, ocpa, and novel serine-type carboxypeptidase ocpb from aspergillus oryzae.	in the genome of aspergillus oryzae, 12 genes have been predicted to encode serine-type carboxypeptidases. however, the carboxypeptidase activities of the proteins encoded by these genes have not yet been confirmed experimentally. in this study, we have constructed three of these 12 genes overexpressing strains using aspergillus nidulans and characterized their overproduced recombinant proteins. of these three genes, one was previously named cpi; the other two have not been reported yet, and hen ...	2009	19557408
riok3 interacts with caspase-10 and negatively regulates the nf-kappab signaling pathway.	riok3 was initially characterized as a homolog of aspergillus nidulans sudd and showed down-regulation at the invasive front of malignant melanomas, but the molecular mechanism remains elusive. here, we report that overexpression of riok3 inhibits tnfalpha-induced nf-kappab activation, but down-regulation of endogenous riok3 expression by sirna potentiates it. a yeast two-hybrid experiment revealed that riok3 interacted with caspase-10, and further, a gst pull-down assay and endogenous coimmunop ...	2009	19557502
molecular characterization of the niad and pyrg genes from penicillium camemberti, and their use as transformation markers.	genetic manipulation of the filamentous fungus penicillium camemberti has been limited by a lack of suitable genetics tools for this fungus. in particular, there is no available homologous transformation system. in this study, the nitrate reductase (niad) and orotidine-5'-monophosphate decarboxylase (pyrg) genes from penicillium camemberti were characterized, and their suitability as metabolic molecular markers for transformation was evaluated. the genes were amplified using pcr-related techniqu ...	2009	19562269
elimination of marker genes from transformed filamentous fungi by unselected transient transfection with a cre-expressing plasmid.	a convenient method to remove selectable markers from fungal transformants permits the markers to be used for sequential transformations, and should also reduce public concerns and regulatory impediments to applications involving environmental release of genetically modified fungi. we report a method for marker removal that requires no genetic selection. protoplasts from neotyphodium coenophialum,neotyphodium uncinatum and epichloë festucae transformants containing a hygromycin b phosphotransfer ...	2009	19576996
characterization of nika histidine kinase and two response regulators with special reference to osmotic adaptation and asexual development in aspergillus nidulans.	aspergillus nidulans has many histidine-to-aspartate (his-asp) phosphorelay components, including 15 histidine kinases (hks), four response regulators (rrs), and a histidine-containing phosphotransfer intermediate (hpt). of these, nika (hk) is highly conserved in many filamentous fungi. it has been found that nika is responsible for the responses of filamentous fungi to fungicides such as iprodione and fludioxonil. two rrs, sska and srra, are also involved in the fungicide response, providing a ...	2009	19584543
comprehensive genomic analysis of cell wall genes in aspergillus nidulans.	knowledge of the mechanisms underlying cell wall biosynthesis in aspergillus spp. is of high relevance to medicine and food safety, and for biotechnological applications. the cell wall of aspergillus nidulans is composed of galactomannoproteins, 1,3-alpha-glucan, beta-glucans, and chitin. here, we present a comprehensive inventory of the cell wall-related genes in a. nidulans. this includes glycan-synthetic and glycan-processing enzymes, spore wall maturation enzymes, gpi-anchor processing enzym ...	2009	19585695
decolourization and detoxification of pulp and paper mill effluent by emericella nidulans var. nidulans.	in this study geno-toxicity analysis along with effluent treatment was taken up to evaluate the efficiency of biological treatment process for safe disposal of treated effluent. four fungi were isolated from sediments of pulp and paper mill in which pf4 reduced colour (30%) and lignin content (24%) of the effluent on 3rd day. the fungal strain was identified as emericella nidulans var. nidulans (anamorph: aspergillus nidulans) on the basis of rdna its1 and rdna its2 region sequences. the process ...	2009	19586717
transcriptional profiling for aspergillusnidulans hoga mapk signaling pathway in response to fludioxonil and osmotic stress.	in filamentous fungi, the his-asp phosphorelay signaling system and hog pathway are involved in the action of the fungicides, fludioxonil, and iprodione, as well as osmotic and oxidative stress responses. aspergillusnidulans response regulators (rrs), sska and srra, and histidine kinase (hk), nika, are involved in the growth inhibitory effects of these fungicides. to gain further insights into the molecular basis for these signaling systems, we performed dna microarray analyses of fludioxonil an ...	2009	19596074
experimental evolution of resistance against a competing fungus in drosophila melanogaster.	competition between microorganisms and arthropods has been shown to be an important ecological interaction determining animal development and spatial distribution patterns in saprophagous communities. in fruit-inhabiting drosophila, variation in insect developmental success is not only determined by species-specific effects of various noxious filamentous fungi but, as suggested by an earlier study, also by additive genetic variation in the ability to successfully withstand the negative impact of ...	2009	19597847
biodiversity and evolution of primary carbon metabolism in aspergillus nidulans and other aspergillus spp.	some of the aspergilli are reputed for their versatile and efficient catabolism of soluble carbon sources and related metabolites as well as raw polymeric materials. here, we present a detailed investigation of the genomic and evolutionary basis for this versatility, using seven aspergillus and one neosartorya genome sequences. we manually annotated about 155 genes per genome covering glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, alternative routes of d-glucose metabolism, catabolism of d-galactose a ...	2009	19610199
morphology and development in aspergillus nidulans: a complex puzzle.	like other filamentous fungi, aspergillus nidulans forms a multitude of cell types that facilitate colonization and development. the molecular basis of cellular morphogenesis in a. nidulans is not well understood.here, we summarize results obtained from detailed annotation of the a. nidulans genome sequence for genes with predicted roles in morphogenesis, with primary focus on polarized growth, calcium signaling, and development. we draw three broad conclusions from our results. first, the compo ...	2009	19610202
post-genomic insights into the plant polysaccharide degradation potential of aspergillus nidulans and comparison to aspergillus niger and aspergillus oryzae.	the plant polysaccharide degradative potential of aspergillus nidulans was analysed in detail and compared to that of aspergillus niger and aspergillus oryzae using a combination of bioinformatics, physiology and transcriptomics. manual verification indicated that 28.4% of the a. nidulans orfs analysed in this study do not contain a secretion signal, of which 40% may be secreted through a non-classical method.while significant differences were found between the species in the numbers of orfs ass ...	2009	19618505
[two-step synthesis of the full length aspergillus niger lipase gene lipa leads to high-level expression in pichia pastoris].	aspergillus niger lipases are important biocatalysis widely used in industries for food processing and pharmaceutical preparation. high-level expression recombinants can lead to cost effective lipase large scale production. full length gene synthesis is an efficient measure to enhance the expression level of the gene. in order to reduce the non-specific binding between oligonucleotides and bases mutation caused by the complicate secondary structure of dna and excessive pcr amplification, a frequ ...	2009	19621578
the spitzenkörper: a signalling hub for the control of fungal development?	in aspergillus nidulans, asexual development culminates in the formation of a multicellular conidiophore that bears spores known as conidia. although several factors required for conidiophore formation have been characterized, the mechanisms underlying the transition from vegetative growth to development remain obscure. however, the recent characterization of two of these factors, flbb and flbe, provides important new insight. notably, these studies suggest that the spitzenkörper (i.e. apical bo ...	2009	19627503
deletion and overexpression of the aspergillus nidulans gata factor areb reveals unexpected pleiotropy.	the aspergillus nidulans transcription factor area is a key regulator of nitrogen metabolic gene expression. area contains a c-terminal gata zinc finger dna-binding domain and activates expression of genes necessary for nitrogen acquisition. previous studies identified areb as a potential negative regulator of nitrogen catabolism showing similarity with penicillium chrysogenum nreb and neurospora crassa asd4. the areb gene encodes multiple products containing an n-terminal gata zinc finger and a ...	2009	19628561
partitioning the apical domain of the arabidopsis embryo requires the bobber1 nudc domain protein.	the apical domain of the embryo is partitioned into distinct regions that will give rise to the cotyledons and the shoot apical meristem. in this article, we describe a novel screen to identify arabidopsis thaliana embryo arrest mutants that are defective in this partitioning, and we describe the phenotype of one such mutant, bobber1. bobber1 mutants arrest at the globular stage of development, they express the meristem-specific shootmeristemless gene throughout the top half of the embryo, and t ...	2009	19648297
protein o-mannosyltransferases b and c support hyphal development and differentiation in aspergillus nidulans.	aspergillus nidulans possesses three pmt genes encoding protein o-d-mannosyltransferases (pmt). previously, we reported that pmta, a member of the pmt2 subfamily, is involved in the proper maintenance of fungal morphology and formation of conidia (t. oka, t. hamaguchi, y. sameshima, m. goto, and k. furukawa, microbiology 150:1973-1982, 2004). in the present paper, we describe the characterization of the pmta paralogues pmtb and pmtc. pmtb and pmtc were classified as members of the pmt1 and pmt4 ...	2009	19648468
identification of novel cell wall destabilizing antifungal compounds using a conditional aspergillus nidulans protein kinase c mutant.	despite the need for novel drugs to combat fungal infections, antifungal drug discovery is currently limited by both the availability of suitable drug targets and assays to screen corresponding targets. the aim of this study was to screen a library of small chemical compounds to identify cell wall inhibitors using a conditional protein kinase c (pkc)-expressing strain of aspergillus nidulans. this mutant is specifically susceptible to cell wall damaging compounds under pkc-repressive growth cond ...	2009	19648579
the bzip-type transcription factor flbb regulates distinct morphogenetic stages of colony formation in aspergillus nidulans.	conidiophore formation in aspergillus nidulans involves a developmental programme in which vegetative hyphae give rise to an ordered succession of differentiated cells: foot cell, stalk, vesicle, metulae, phialides and conidia. the developmental transition requires factors that are expressed in vegetative hyphae that activate the expression of the main regulator of conidiation, brla. one such element is the bzip-type transcription factor flbb. we found that flbb(-) mutants show defective branchi ...	2009	19656299
methylcitrate cycle activation during adaptation of fusarium solani and fusarium verticillioides to propionyl-coa-generating carbon sources.	propionyl-coa is an inhibitor of both primary and secondary metabolism in aspergillus species and a functional methylcitrate cycle is essential for the efficient removal of this potentially toxic metabolite. although the genomes of most sequenced fungal species appear to contain genes coding for enzymes of the methylcitrate cycle, experimental confirmation of pathway activity in filamentous fungi has only been provided for aspergillus nidulans and aspergillus fumigatus. in this study we demonstr ...	2009	19661181
a fungal phylogeny based on 82 complete genomes using the composition vector method.	molecular phylogenetics and phylogenomics have greatly revised and enriched the fungal systematics in the last two decades. most of the analyses have been performed by comparing single or multiple orthologous gene regions. sequence alignment has always been an essential element in tree construction. these alignment-based methods (to be called the standard methods hereafter) need independent verification in order to put the fungal tree of life (tol) on a secure footing. the ever-increasing number ...	2009	19664262
expressing a fusion protein with protease and chitinase activities increases the virulence of the insect pathogen beauveria bassiana.	entomopathogenic fungi, such as beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae are being developed as alternatives to chemical insecticides. they infect insects by direct penetration of the cuticle using a combination of physical pressure and extracellular hydrolytic enzymes such as proteases and chitinases. previously we found that overexpression of a subtilisin-like protease (pr1a) or a chitinase (bbchit1) resulted in increased virulence of m. anisopliae and b. bassiana, respectively. in this s ...	2009	19666027
intimate bacterial-fungal interaction triggers biosynthesis of archetypal polyketides in aspergillus nidulans.	fungi produce numerous low molecular weight molecules endowed with a multitude of biological activities. however, mining the full-genome sequences of fungi indicates that their potential to produce secondary metabolites is greatly underestimated. because most of the biosynthesis gene clusters are silent under laboratory conditions, one of the major challenges is to understand the physiological conditions under which these genes are activated. thus, we cocultivated the important model fungus aspe ...	2009	19666480
aspergillus nidulans protein o-mannosyltransferases play roles in cell wall integrity and developmental patterning.	protein o-mannosyltransferases (pmts) initiate o-mannosyl glycan biosynthesis from ser and thr residues of target proteins. fungal pmts are divided into three subfamilies, pmt1, -2, and -4. aspergillus nidulans possesses a single representative of each pmt subfamily, pmta (subfamily 2), pmtb (subfamily 1), and pmtc (subfamily 4). in this work, we show that single deltapmt mutants are viable and have unique phenotypes and that the deltapmta deltapmtb double mutant is the only viable double mutant ...	2009	19666781
modelling and mutational evidence identify the substrate binding site and functional elements in apc amino acid transporters.	the amino acid-polyamine-organocation (apc) superfamily is the main family of amino acid transporters found in all domains of life and one of the largest families of secondary transporters. here, using a sensitive homology threading approach and modelling we show that the predicted structure of apc members is extremely similar to the crystal structures of several prokaryotic transporters belonging to evolutionary distinct protein families with different substrate specificities. all of these prot ...	2009	19670073
aspergillus nidulans genes encoding reverse transsulfuration enzymes belong to homocysteine regulon.	homocysteine is an intermediate in methionine synthesis in aspergillus nidulans, but it can also be converted to cysteine by the reverse transsulfuration pathway involving cystathionine beta-synthase (cbs) and cystathionine gamma-lyase (cgl). because homocysteine is toxic to the cell at high concentrations, this pathway also functions as a means of removal of its excess. we found that the transcription of the meca and mecb genes encoding cbs and cgl was upregulated by excess of homocysteine as w ...	2009	19685245
heterologous production of non-ribosomal peptide lld-acv in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	non-ribosomal peptides (nrps) are a diverse family of secondary metabolites with a broad range of biological activities. we started to develop an eukaryotic microbial platform based on the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae for heterologous production of nrps using delta-(l-alpha-aminoadipyl)-l-cysteinyl-d-valine (acv) as a model nrp. the penicillium chrysogenum gene pcbab encoding acv synthetase was expressed in s. cerevisiae from a high-copy plasmid together with phosphopantetheinyl transferase (p ...	2009	19686863
patterns of susceptibility of aspergillus isolates recovered from patients enrolled in the transplant-associated infection surveillance network.	we analyzed antifungal susceptibilities of 274 clinical aspergillus isolates from transplant recipients with proven or probable invasive aspergillosis collected as part of the transplant-associated infection surveillance network (transnet) and examined the relationship between mic and mortality at 6 or 12 weeks. antifungal susceptibility testing was performed by the clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) m38-a2 broth dilution method for amphotericin b (amb), itraconazole (itr), voric ...	2009	19692558
organization and dynamics of the aspergillus nidulans golgi during apical extension and mitosis.	aspergillus nidulans hyphae grow exclusively by apical extension. golgi equivalents (ges) labeled with mrfp-tagged ph(osbp) domain form a markedly polarized, dynamic network of ring-shaped and fenestrated cisternae that remains intact during "closed" mitosis. mrfp-ph(osbp) ges advance associated with the growing apex where secretion predominates but do not undergo long-distance movement toward the tip that could account for their polarization. mrfp-ph(osbp) ges overlap with the trans-golgi resid ...	2009	19692566
transcriptional upregulation of four genes of the lysine biosynthetic pathway by homocitrate accumulation in penicillium chrysogenum: homocitrate as a sensor of lysine-pathway distress.	the lysine biosynthetic pathway has to supply large amounts of alpha-aminoadipic acid for penicillin biosynthesis in penicillium chrysogenum. in this study, we have characterized the p. chrysogenum l2 mutant, a lysine auxotroph that shows highly increased expression of several lysine biosynthesis genes (lys1, lys2, lys3, lys7). the l2 mutant was found to be deficient in homoaconitase activity since it was complemented by the aspergillus nidulans lysf gene. we have cloned a gene (named lys3) that ...	2009	19696106
the transcription factor homolog ctf1 regulates {beta}-oxidation in candida albicans.	carbon starvation is one of the many stresses to which microbial pathogens are subjected while in the host. pathways necessary for the utilization of alternative carbon sources, such as gluconeogenesis, the glyoxylate cycle, and beta-oxidation of fatty acids, have been shown to be required for full virulence in several systems, including the fungal pathogen candida albicans. we have investigated the regulatory network governing alternative carbon metabolism in this organism through characterizat ...	2009	19700635
the protein kinase imeb is required for light-mediated inhibition of sexual development and for mycotoxin production in aspergillus nidulans.	spore formation is a common process in the developmental cycle of fungi. in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, ime2 is a key protein kinase for the meiotic cell cycle, which precedes ascospore formation. here, we analysed the ime2-related imeb gene of the filamentous ascomycete aspergillus nidulans. imeb deletion strains are retarded in growth and overproduce fertile sexual fruiting bodies in the presence of light, which normally represses sexual development. imeb mutants also display abnormal ...	2009	19210625
nucleolar separation from chromosomes during aspergillus nidulans mitosis can occur without spindle forces.	how the nucleolus is segregated during mitosis is poorly understood and occurs by very different mechanisms during closed and open mitosis. here we report a new mechanism of nucleolar segregation involving removal of the nucleolar-organizing regions (nors) from nucleoli during aspergillus nidulans mitosis. this involves a double nuclear envelope (ne) restriction which generates three ne-associated structures, two daughter nuclei (containing the nors), and the nucleolus. therefore, a remnant nucl ...	2009	19211837
phenotypes of mutations in the 5'-utr of a limiting transcription factor in aspergillus nidulans can be accounted for by translational inhibition and leaky scanning.	the uay gene encodes the transcriptional activator of purine catabolism genes in aspergillus nidulans. uay12 results in strongly defective growth on purines as nitrogen sources and in strongly diminished transcription of uay-regulated genes. this mutation introduces an atg codon 64 bp upstream of the uay atg, generating a 68-codon open reading frame (uorfa), overlapping with the uay orf. uay12 revertants fall into three categories: i. the majority eliminate the aberrant atg. the growth and trans ...	2009	19221200
mlp1 acts as a mitotic scaffold to spatially regulate spindle assembly checkpoint proteins in aspergillus nidulans.	during open mitosis several nuclear pore complex (npc) proteins have mitotic specific localizations and functions. we find that the aspergillus nidulans mlp1 npc protein has previously unrealized mitotic roles involving spatial regulation of spindle assembly checkpoint (sac) proteins. in interphase, an-mlp1 tethers the an-mad1 and an-mad2 sac proteins to npcs. during a normal mitosis, an-mlp1, an-mad1, and an-mad2 localize similarly on, and around, kinetochores until telophase when they transien ...	2009	19225157
assessment of the core cryparin promoter from cryphonectria parasitica for heterologous expression in filamentous fungi.	cryparin is an abundant cell-wall-associated hydrophobin of cryphonectria parasitica. although cryparin is encoded as a single copy gene, it is the most abundant protein produced by this fungus when grown in liquid culture. studies to characterize the transcriptional regulatory element(s) found that the fragment between nt -188 and the start codon was the minimal but sufficient promoter element for expression of the cryparin gene. to explore the possibility of using this small fragment as a mini ...	2009	19238380
class iic alpha-mannosidase afams1 is required for morphogenesis and cellular function in aspergillus fumigatus.	the mammalian er/cytosolic alpha-mannosidase (man2c1p), yeast vacuolar alpha-mannosidase (ams1p) and the aspergillus nidulans alpha-mannosidase are members of class iic subgroup, which is involved in oligosaccharide catabolism and n-glycan processing. unlike their mammalian counterparts, the yeast ams1p and a. nidulans class iic alpha-mannosidase are not essential for morphogenesis and cellular function. in this study, the afams1, a gene encoding a member of class iic alpha-mannosidases, was ide ...	2009	19240271
a library-based method to rapidly analyse chromatin accessibility at multiple genomic regions.	traditional chromatin analysis methods only test one locus at the time or use different templates for each locus, making a standardized analysis of large genomic regions or many co-regulated genes at different loci a difficult task. on the other hand, genome-wide high-resolution mapping of chromatin accessibility employing massive parallel sequencing platforms generates an extensive data set laborious to analyse and is a cost-intensive method, only applicable to the analysis of a limited set of ...	2009	19251760
aspergillus: a primer for the novice.	aspergillus is a genus of molds named after the morphological structure that bears asexual spores, the aspergillum, which resembles a liturgical device. this genus contains several species of positive or negative economic importance in industry, agriculture and medicine. the majority of aspergilli, including most species of economic importance, are known to reproduce only by asexual spores. genome projects have been completed for a. fumigatus, a. nidulans, a. niger and a. oryzae; several other s ...	2009	19253144
imaging living cells of aspergillus in vitro.	live-cell imaging techniques are now routinely used to study filamentous fungi. this has been very much facilitated by the development of a wide range of novel microscope technologies, new fluorescent probes (vital dyes and fluorescent proteins), and major advances in computing hardware and software. here we show what can be achieved with imaging living cells of aspergillus fumigatus and a. nidulans in vitro using confocal laser scanning microscopy. basic techniques for successful live-cell imag ...	2009	19255923
identification of ppoa from aspergillus nidulans as a fusion protein of a fatty acid heme dioxygenase/peroxidase and a cytochrome p450.	the homothallic ascomycete aspergillus nidulans serves as model organism for filamentous fungi because of its ability to propagate with both asexual and sexual life cycles, and fatty acid-derived substances regulate the balance between both cycles. these so-called psi (precocious sexual inducer) factors are produced by psi factor-producing oxygenases (ppo enzymes). bioinformatic analysis predicted the presence of two different heme domains in ppo proteins: in the n-terminal region, a fatty acid ...	2009	19286665
differential roles of the chib chitinase in autolysis and cell death of aspergillus nidulans.	autolysis is a natural event that occurs in most filamentous fungi. such self-degradation of fungal cells becomes a predominant phenomenon in the absence of the regulator of g protein signaling flba in aspergillus nidulans. among a number of potential hydrolytic enzymes in the a. nidulans genome, the secreted endochitinase chib was shown to play a major role in autolysis. in this report, we investigate the roles of chib in fungal autolysis and cell death processes through genetic, biochemical, a ...	2009	19286987
disruption of the nadph-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase affects the morphology of two industrial strains of penicillium chrysogenum.	new morphological aspects of penicillium chrysogenum were found during physiological characterisation of two nadph-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase mutant strains. a morphological characterisation of the previously constructed strains, together with the two beta-lactam producing industrial recipient strains, was conducted. the reference strains showed a compact structure with highly branched hyphal elements whereas the morphology of the deltagdha strains consisting of long elongated hyphal elem ...	2009	19167440
studies of the production of fungal polyketides in aspergillus nidulans by using systems biology tools.	many filamentous fungi produce polyketide molecules with great significance as human pharmaceuticals; these molecules include the cholesterol-lowering compound lovastatin, which was originally isolated from aspergillus terreus. the chemical diversity and potential uses of these compounds are virtually unlimited, and it is thus of great interest to develop a well-described microbial production platform for polyketides. using genetic engineering tools available for the model organism aspergillus n ...	2009	19168657
agta, the dicarboxylic amino acid transporter of aspergillus nidulans, is concertedly down-regulated by exquisite sensitivity to nitrogen metabolite repression and ammonium-elicited endocytosis.	we identified agta, a gene that encodes the specific dicarboxylic amino acid transporter of aspergillus nidulans. the deletion of the gene resulted in loss of utilization of aspartate as a nitrogen source and of aspartate uptake, while not completely abolishing glutamate utilization. kinetic constants showed that agta is a high-affinity dicarboxylic amino acid transporter and are in agreement with those determined for a cognate transporter activity identified previously. the gene is extremely se ...	2009	19168757
the glutathione system of aspergillus nidulans involves a fungus-specific glutathione s-transferase.	the tripeptide glutathione is involved in cellular defense mechanisms for xenobiotics and reactive oxygen species. this study investigated glutathione-dependent mechanisms in the model organism aspergillus nidulans. a recombinant dimeric protein of a. nidulans glutathione reductase (gr) contained fad and reduced oxidized glutathione (gssg) using nadph as an electron donor. a deletion strain of the gr gene (glra) accumulated less intracellular reduced glutathione (gsh), indicating that the fungal ...	2009	19171936
physiological involvement in ph signaling of vps24-mediated recruitment of aspergillus palb cysteine protease to escrt-iii.	activation of the aspergillus nidulans transcription factor pacc, which mediates ambient ph regulation of gene expression and is recruited to escrt-iii by the vps32-interacting scaffold pala, involves its ambient ph-dependent c-terminal proteolysis. this reaction is almost certainly catalyzed by the palb calpain-like protease. here we show that palb associates with membranes and interacts specifically and directly with escrt-iii vps24. the palb n-terminal mit domain and the vps24 c-terminal mim ...	2009	19056728
purine utilization by klebsiella oxytoca m5al: genes for ring-oxidizing and -opening enzymes.	the enterobacterium klebsiella oxytoca uses a variety of inorganic and organic nitrogen sources, including purines, nitrogen-rich compounds that are widespread in the biosphere. we have identified a 23-gene cluster that encodes the enzymes for utilizing purines as the sole nitrogen source. growth and complementation tests with insertion mutants, combined with sequence comparisons, reveal functions for the products of these genes. here, we report our characterization of 12 genes, one encoding gua ...	2009	19060149
overexpression of the chitosanase gene in fusarium solani via agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation.	to overexpress the chitosanase gene (csn) in f. solani, a vector based on pcambia 1300 was constructed. the csn gene, which is under control of the aspergillus nidulans gpda promoter and a. nidulans trpc terminator, was introduced back into the f. solani genome by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation, and the herbicide-resistance gene bar from streptomyces hygroscopicus was used as the selection marker. transformants which showed a significant increase in chitosanase production (app ...	2009	19093150
occurrence and relevance of filamentous fungi in respiratory secretions of patients with cystic fibrosis--a review.	the colonization of airways by filamentous fungi and the development of respiratory infections require some predisposing factors as encountered in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). indeed, the defective mucociliary clearance which characterizes the disease is associated with local immunological disorders. in addition, the prolonged therapy with antibiotics and the use of corticosteroid treatments also facilitate fungal growth. an important fungal biota has been described in respiratory secreti ...	2009	19107638
a novel hybrid dual-channel catalytic-biological sensor system for assessment of fruit quality.	the release of volatile ethylene and acetaldehyde characterizes the metabolic state and quality of fruit. we have designed and implemented a hybrid dual-channel catalytic-biological sensor system, which is able to quantify both volatiles in situ. this sensor system consists of a mammalian cell line engineered for constitutive expression of an aspergillus nidulans-derived biosensor which triggers quantitative reporter gene expression in the presence of volatile acetaldehyde. ethylene, oxidized to ...	2009	19297727
re-characterisation of saccharomyces cerevisiae ach1p: fungal coa-transferases are involved in acetic acid detoxification.	saccharomyces cerevisiae and neurospora crassa mutants defective in the so-called acetyl-coa hydrolases ach1p and acu-8, respectively, display a severe growth defect on acetate, which is most strongly pronounced under acidic conditions. acetyl-coa hydrolysis is an energy wasting process and therefore denoted as a biochemical conundrum. acetyl-coa hydrolases show high sequence identity to the coa-transferase coat from aspergillus nidulans. therefore, we extensively re-characterised the yeast enzy ...	2009	19298859
characterization of oxylipins and dioxygenase genes in the asexual fungus aspergillus niger.	aspergillus niger is an ascomycetous fungus that is known to reproduce through asexual spores, only. interestingly, recent genome analysis of a. niger has revealed the presence of a full complement of functional genes related to sexual reproduction 1. an example of such genes are the dioxygenase genes which in aspergillus nidulans, have been shown to be connected to oxylipin production and regulation of both sexual and asexual sporulation 234. nevertheless, the presence of sex related genes alon ...	2009	19309517
importin alpha is an essential nuclear import carrier adaptor required for proper sexual and asexual development and secondary metabolism in aspergillus nidulans.	in eukaryotes, the principal nuclear import pathway is driven by the importin alpha/beta1 heterodimer. kapa, the aspergillus nidulans importin alpha, is an essential protein. we generated a conditional allele, kapa31, mimicking the srp1-31 allele in saccharomyces cerevisiae. kapa31 carries a ser111phe amino acid substitution which, at the restrictive temperature of 42 degrees c, reduces nuclear import of cargos containing classical nuclear-localization-sequences, cnls. using kapa31, we have demo ...	2009	19318129
deletion analysis of the promoter of aspergillus oryzae gene encoding heat shock protein 30.	in order to find a promoter that could be influenced by temperature shift, we explored and isolated an aspergillus oryzae gene expressed at high temperatures (37-42 degrees c) by the cdna subtraction method. of the 96 cdna clones isolated from the subtraction library, one cdna clone showed 73% identity with aspergillus nidulans heat shock protein 30 (hsp30). based on this, we designated the isolated gene hsp30 of a. oryzae. a. oryzae hsp30 was weakly expressed at 30 degrees c, but strongly at 40 ...	2009	19332290
functional characterization of the aspergillus nidulans methionine sulfoxide reductases (msra and msrb).	proteins are subject to modification by reactive oxygen species (ros), and oxidation of specific amino acid residues can impair their biological function, leading to an alteration in cellular homeostasis. sulfur-containing amino acids as methionine are the most vulnerable to oxidation by ros, resulting in the formation of methionine sulfoxide [met(o)] residues. this modification can be repaired by methionine sulfoxide reductases (msr). two distinct classes of these enzymes, msra and msrb, which ...	2009	19373970
improved tryprostatin b production by heterologous gene expression in aspergillus nidulans.	tryprostatin b, a prenylated diketopiperazine with anti-tubulin activity, has been overproduced in fungal culture by expression of genes of the fumitremorgin cluster from aspergillus fumigatus in the naïve host aspergillus nidulans using the alca promoter. the products of the expressed genes catalyse the first two steps of fumitremorgin biosynthesis, namely the formation of brevianamide f and its conversion to tryprostatin b. yields of tryprostatin b were up to 250 mg/l, a significant improvemen ...	2009	19373974
fvve1 regulates biosynthesis of the mycotoxins fumonisins and fusarins in fusarium verticillioides.	the vea gene positively regulates sterigmatocystin production in aspergillus nidulans and aflatoxin production in aspergillus parasiticus and aspergillus flavus . whether vea homologues have a role in regulating secondary metabolism in other fungal genera is unknown. in this study, we examined the role of the vea homologue, fvve1, on the production of two mycotoxin families, fumonisins and fusarins, in the important corn pathogen fusarium verticillioides . we found that fvve1 deletion completely ...	2009	19382792