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expression and function of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (mif) in melioidosis.macrophage migration inhibitory factor (mif) has emerged as a pivotal mediator of innate immunity and has been shown to be an important effector molecule in severe sepsis. melioidosis, caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, is an important cause of community-acquired sepsis in southeast-asia. we aimed to characterize the expression and function of mif in melioidosis.201020169062
growing burkholderia pseudomallei in biofilm stimulating conditions significantly induces antimicrobial resistance.burkholderia pseudomallei, a gram-negative bacterium that causes melioidosis, was reported to produce biofilm. as the disease causes high relapse rate when compared to other bacterial infections, it therefore might be due to the reactivation of the biofilm forming bacteria which also provided resistance to antimicrobial agents. however, the mechanism on how biofilm can provide tolerance to antimicrobials is still unclear.201020169199
immunotherapy markedly increases the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy for treatment of burkholderia pseudomallei infection.burkholderia pseudomallei is a soil bacterium that is endemic in southeast asia and northern australia and that can cause both acutely lethal pneumonia and chronic systemic infections in humans. the effective treatment of infection with b. pseudomallei requires rapid diagnosis and prolonged treatment with high doses of antimicrobials, and even with appropriate antibiotic therapy, patient relapses are common. thus, new approaches to the treatment of b. pseudomallei infections are needed. in the p ...201020176901
cpg oligodeoxyribonucleotides protect mice from burkholderia pseudomallei but not francisella tularensis schu s4 aerosols.abstract: studies have shown that cpg oligodeoxyribonucleotides (odn) protect mice from various bacterial pathogens, including burkholderia pseudomallei and francisella tularensis live vaccine strain (lvs), when administered before parenteral challenge. given the potential to develop cpg odn as a pre-treatment for multiple bacterial biological warfare agents, we examined survival, histopathology, and cytokine data from cpg odn-treated c57bl/6 mice to determine whether previously-reported protect ...201020181102
direct culture-independent strain typing of burkholderia cepacia complex in sputum samples from patients with cystic fibrosis.we examined if multilocus sequence typing (mlst), a method for genotyping and species identification of burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria, could be applied directly to cystic fibrosis sputum. the redesigned nested-pcr mlst format was successfully used to accurately identify strains in 23 sputum samples, of which 8 were culture negative.201020181898
approaches to measure the fitness of burkholderia cepacia complex isolates.members of the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) are highly resistant to many antibacterial agents and infection can be difficult to eradicate. a coordinated approach has been used to measure the fitness of bcc bacteria isolated from cystic fibrosis (cf) patients with chronic bcc infection using methods relevant to bcc growth and survival conditions. significant differences in growth rate were observed among isolates; slower growth rates were associated with isolates that exhibited higher mics ...201020185551
in vitro activity of biapenem against burkholderia pseudomallei. 201020188524
present and future therapeutic strategies for melioidosis and glanders.burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia mallei are the causative agents of melioidosis and glanders, respectively. both gram-negative pathogens are endemic in many parts of the world. although natural acquisition of these pathogens is rare in the majority of countries, these bacteria have recently gained much interest because of their potential as bioterrorism agents. in modern times, their potential destructive impact on public health has escalated owing to the ability of these pathogens to ...201020192686
cdpa is a burkholderia pseudomallei cyclic di-gmp phosphodiesterase involved in autoaggregation, flagellum synthesis, motility, biofilm formation, cell invasion, and cytotoxicity.cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-gmp) is an intracellular signaling molecule involved in regulation of cellular functions such as motility, biofilm formation and virulence. intracellular level of c-di-gmp is controlled through opposing diguanylate cyclase (dgc) and phosphodiesterase (pde) activities of ggdef and eal domain proteins, respectively. we report the identification and characterization of cdpa, a gene encoding a protein containing an eal domain in the gram-negative soil bacillus and human ...201020194589
functional display of pseudomonas and burkholderia lipases using a translocator domain of esta autotransporter on the cell surface of escherichia coli.functional expression of the industrially important pseudomonas and burkholderia lipases, such as those from p. aeruginosa, b. cepacia and p. fluorescens, was achieved on the cell surface of escherichia coli using the c-terminal translocator moiety (estatu) of autotransporter protein (esta) from p. putida. in particular, lipases which required a lipase-specific foldase (lif) for their proper folding were for the first time displayed in the active form by coexpression of the lif protein.201020138931
quantification of burkholderia coxl genes in hawaiian volcanic deposits.isolation of multiple carbon monoxide (co)-oxidizing burkholderia strains and detection by culture-independent approaches suggest that burkholderia may be an important component of co-oxidizing communities in hawaiian volcanic deposits. the absolute and relative abundance of the bacteria in these communities remains unknown, however. in this study, a quantitative pcr (q-pcr) approach has been developed to enumerate burkholderia coxl genes (large subunit of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase). this re ...201020139318
oxalic acid biosynthesis is encoded by an operon in burkholderia glumae.although the biosynthesis of oxalic acid is known to occur in a number of bacteria, the mechanism(s) regulating its production remains largely unknown. to date, there is no report on the identification of an oxalic acid biosynthetic pathway gene from bacteria. in an attempt to identify such a gene(s), a mutant screen was conducted using the simple oxalic acid-producing phytopathogenic bacterium, burkholderia glumae. four mutants that failed to produce oxalic acid were isolated from a transposon- ...201020141533
urokinase receptor is necessary for bacterial defense against pneumonia-derived septic melioidosis by facilitating phagocytosis.urokinase receptor (urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor [upar], cd87), a gpi-anchored protein, is considered to play an important role in inflammation and fibrinolysis. the gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei is able to survive and replicate within leukocytes and causes melioidosis, an important cause of pneumonia-derived community-acquired sepsis in southeast asia. in this study, we investigated the expression and function of upar both in patients with septic melioidosis ...201020142364
distribution of melioidosis cases and viable burkholderia pseudomallei in soil: evidence for emerging melioidosis in taiwan.a survey for the prevalence if burkholderia pseudomallei in soil in taiwan found that its incidence is comparable to that in other regions of the world where melioidosis is endemic. the presence of identical genetic patterns among the clinical and environmental isolates evaluated suggested a link between the pathogens present in contaminated soil and the emergence of indigenous melioidosis.201020147639
broad-host-range vectors for protein expression across gram negative hosts.expression of recombinant proteins across a range of different host organisms is often necessary in metabolic engineering applications. doing so can be facilitated by the use of vectors having origins of replication with a broad-host-range, the option for antibiotic resistance cassettes that are compatible with a particular host, in addition to sequences allowing for the effective transcription and translation of target proteins. we have created a modular set of broad-host-range expression vecto ...201020148414
a tnf-like trimeric lectin domain from burkholderia cenocepacia with specificity for fucosylated human histo-blood group antigens.the opportunistic pathogen burkholderia cenocepacia expresses several soluble lectins, among them bc2l-c. this lectin exhibits two domains: a c-terminal domain with high sequence similarity to the recently described calcium-dependent mannose-binding lectin bc2l-a, and an n-terminal domain of 156 amino acids without similarity to any known protein. the recombinant n-terminal bc2l-c domain is a new lectin with specificity for fucosylated human histo-blood group epitopes h-type 1, lewis b, and lewi ...201020152153
experimental adaptation of burkholderia cenocepacia to onion medium reduces host range.it is unclear whether adaptation to a new host typically broadens or compromises host range, yet the answer bears on the fate of emergent pathogens and symbionts. we investigated this dynamic using a soil isolate of burkholderia cenocepacia, a species that normally inhabits the rhizosphere, is related to the onion pathogen b. cepacia, and can infect the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. we hypothesized that adaptation of b. cenocepacia to a novel host would compromise fitness and virulence in a ...201020154121
insect infection model for campylobacter jejuni reveals that o-methyl phosphoramidate has insecticidal activity.galleria mellonella (wax moth) larvae have elsewhere been shown to be susceptible to pathogens such as francisella tularensis, burkholderia mallei, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. we report that the larvae are rapidly killed by campylobacter jejuni at 37c. three strains of c. jejuni tested, 11168h (human diarrheal isolate), g1 (human guillain-barré syndrome isolate), and 81-176 (human diarrheal isolate), were equally effective at killing g. mellonella larvae. a panel of defined mutants of c. jejuni ...201020113177
a preliminary x-ray study of d,d-heptose-1,7-bisphosphate phosphatase from burkholderia thailandensis e264.d,d-heptose-1,7-bisphosphate phosphatase (gmhb), which is involved in the third step of the ndp-heptose biosynthesis pathway, converts d,d-heptose-1,7-bisphosphate to d,d-heptose-1-phosphate. this biosynthesis pathway is a target for new antibiotics or antibiotic adjuvants for gram-negative pathogens. burkholderia thailandensis is a useful surrogate organism for studying the pathogenicity of melioidosis owing to its extensive genomic similarity to b. pseudomallei. melioidosis caused by b. pseudo ...201020124712
microbially induced diseases of agaricus bisporus: biochemical mechanisms and impact on commercial mushroom production.the button mushroom, agaricus bisporus (lange) imbach, the most common cultivated mushroom, is susceptible to a wide range of virus, bacterial, and fungal diseases. however, only some diseases were studied for the mechanisms involved in the host-microorganism interaction. this review deals with biochemical mechanisms related to cavity disease (burkholderia gladioli) and to the interaction between a. bisporus and the causal agents responsible for the most severe diseases, namely the bacteria pseu ...201020127233
culturable bacterial populations associated with ectomycorrhizae of norway spruce stands with different degrees of decline in the czech republic.the aim of this study was to determine which species of culturable bacteria are associated with ectomycorrhizae (ecm) of norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst) in the sudety mountains, exposed for years to atmospheric pollutants, acid rain, and climatic stress, and to identify particular species that have adapted to those conditions. biolog identification was performed on bacterial species from ecm of adult spruce trees and seedlings of stands with low, intermediate, and high forest decline. bac ...201020130694
culturable bacteria from zn- and cd-accumulating salix caprea with differential effects on plant growth and heavy metal availability.to characterize bacteria associated with zn/cd-accumulating salix caprea regarding their potential to support heavy metal phytoextraction.201020132372
an efficient, multiply promiscuous hydrolase in the alkaline phosphatase superfamily.we report a catalytically promiscuous enzyme able to efficiently promote the hydrolysis of six different substrate classes. originally assigned as a phosphonate monoester hydrolase (pmh) this enzyme exhibits substantial second-order rate accelerations ((k(cat)/k(m))/k(w)), ranging from 10(7) to as high as 10(19), for the hydrolyses of phosphate mono-, di-, and triesters, phosphonate monoesters, sulfate monoesters, and sulfonate monoesters. this substrate collection encompasses a range of substra ...201020133613
innate immune detection of the type iii secretion apparatus through the nlrc4 inflammasome.the mammalian innate immune system uses toll-like receptors (tlrs) and nod-lrrs (nlrs) to detect microbial components during infection. often these molecules work in concert; for example, the tlrs can stimulate the production of the proforms of the cytokines il-1beta and il-18, whereas certain nlrs trigger their subsequent proteolytic processing via caspase 1. gram-negative bacteria use type iii secretion systems (t3ss) to deliver virulence factors to the cytosol of host cells, where they modula ...201020133635
improved enzymatic syntheses of valuable beta-arylalkyl-beta-amino acid enantiomers.the enantioselective (e approximately 200) burkholderia cepacia-catalysed hydrolyses of beta-amino esters with h(2)o (0.5 equiv.) in t-buome or in i-pr(2)o at 45 degrees c are described. the enantiomers of biologically relevant beta-arylalkyl-substituted beta-amino acids, and especially (r)-3-amino-3-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoic acid, the intermediate of the new antidiabetic drug sitagliptine, were prepared with high enantiomeric excesses (ee>or=96%) and in good yields (>or=42%).201020135036
transcriptional response of burkholderia cenocepacia j2315 sessile cells to treatments with high doses of hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite.burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria are opportunistic pathogens, which can cause severe respiratory tract infections in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). as treatment of infected cf patients is problematic, multiple preventive measures are taken to reduce the infection risk. besides a stringent segregation policy to prevent patient-to-patient transmission, clinicians also advise patients to clean and disinfect their respiratory equipment on a regular basis. however, problems regarding the ef ...201020137066
sequence polymorphism and pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the flagellin gene of burkholderia pseudomallei.four flagellin allelic types (i to iv) of burkholderia pseudomallei were identified based on their sequence variation and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of the amplified flagellin gene. flagellin allelic type i was the most predominantly (75.0%) found among the 100 clinical isolates of b. pseudomallei investigated in this study.201020089759
within-host evolution of burkholderia pseudomallei in four cases of acute melioidosis.little is currently known about bacterial pathogen evolution and adaptation within the host during acute infection. previous studies of burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiologic agent of melioidosis, have shown that this opportunistic pathogen mutates rapidly both in vitro and in vivo at tandemly repeated loci, making this organism a relevant model for studying short-term evolution. in the current study, b. pseudomallei isolates cultured from multiple body sites from four thai patients with disse ...201020090837
identification of potential therapeutic targets for burkholderia cenocepacia by comparative transcriptomics.burkholderia cenocepacia is an endemic soil dweller and emerging opportunistic pathogen in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). the identification of virulence factors and potential therapeutic targets has been hampered by the genomic diversity within the species as many factors are not shared among the pathogenic members of the species.201020090946
screening a mushroom extract library for activity against acinetobacter baumannii and burkholderia cepacia and the identification of a compound with anti-burkholderia activity.acinetobacter baumannii and species within the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) are significant opportunistic bacterial pathogens of humans. these species exhibit a high degree of antibiotic resistance, and some clinical isolates are resistant to all currently available antimicrobial drugs used for treatment. thus, new drugs are needed to treat infections by these species. mushrooms could be a potential source for new drugs to treat a. baumannii and bcc infections.201020092635
spatial analysis of melioidosis distribution in a suburban area.burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis is associated with soil. this study used a geographic information system (gis) to determine the spatial distribution of clinical cases of melioidosis in the endemic suburban region of townsville in australia. a total of 65 cases over the period 1996-2008 were plotted using residential address. two distinct groupings were found. one was around the base of a hill in the city centre and the other followed the old course of a major waterw ...201020092666
quorum-sensing-regulated bactobolin production by burkholderia thailandensis e264.bacterial acyl-homoserine lactones upregulated an uncharacterized gene cluster (bta) in burkholderia thailandensis e264 to produce an uncharacterized polar antibiotic. the antibiotic is identified as a mixture of four bactobolins. annotation of the bta cluster allows us to propose a biosynthetic scheme for bactobolin and reveals unusual enzymatic reactions for further study.201020095633
enrichment and cultivation of pelagic bacteria from a humic lake using phenol and humic matter additions.abstract individual bacterial populations are known to respond differently toward substrate availability. to test how the availability of either pure phenol or natural humic matter (hm) selects for specific pelagic bacteria phylotypes from a humic lake (lake grosse fuchskuhle, northeastern germany), we used culture-dependent and -independent approaches. using a batch approach, the bacterial community composition (bcc) differed depending on both the quantity and the quality of added substrates. u ...201020100184
radiological manifestations of melioidosis.melioidosis is a serious infection that is associated with high mortality. it is due to a gram-negative bacterium, burkholderia pseudomallei which is an environmental saprophyte found in wet soils. melioidosis is endemic to northern australia and the southeast asia. however, there is now increasing number of reports of imported cases to regions where this infection has not been previously encountered. almost any organ can be affected. like many other conditions, radiological imaging is an integr ...201020103424
in vitro activities of doripenem and other carbapenems against clinically important bacteria isolated in intensive care units: nationwide data from the smart programme.this nationwide surveillance of clinically important bacteria from the intensive care units (icus) of major teaching hospitals throughout taiwan investigated the susceptibilities to doripenem and other comparator carbapenems from september through november 2005. minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) were determined for 1,311 clinical isolates using the broth microdilution method according to clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) 2005 guidelines. doripenem showed similar (within f ...201020108018
identification of tomato plant as a novel host model for burkholderia pseudomallei.burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent for melioidosis, a disease with significant mortality and morbidity in endemic regions. its versatility as a pathogen is reflected in its relatively huge 7.24 mb genome and the presence of many virulence factors including three type three secretion systems known as t3ss1, t3ss2 and t3ss3. besides being a human pathogen, it is able to infect and cause disease in many different animals and alternative hosts such as c. elegans.201020109238
nano-encapsulation of lipase by self-assembled nanogels: induction of high enzyme activity and thermal stabilization.the effects of self-assembled polysaccharide nanogels on colloidal and thermal stability of lipase from pseudomonas cepacia were investigated. the enzyme activity, especially k(cat), drastically increased in the presence of nanogels of cholesterol-bearing pullulan (chp). the thermostability of lipase complex increased because the denaturation temperature of lipase increased by more than 20 degrees c by complexation with chp nanogels. lipase denaturation and aggregation upon heating was effective ...201020112238
subdivision of the bacterioferritin comigratory protein family of bacterial peroxiredoxins based on catalytic activity.peroxiredoxins are ubiquitous proteins that catalyze the reduction of hydroperoxides, thus conferring resistance to oxidative stress. using high-resolution mass spectrometry, we recently reclassified one such peroxiredoxin, bacterioferritin comigratory protein (bcp) of escherichia coli, as an atypical 2-cys peroxiredoxin that functions through the formation of an intramolecular disulfide bond between the active and resolving cysteine. an engineered e. coli bcp, which lacked the resolving cystein ...201020078128
insights into the history of the legume-betaproteobacterial symbiosis.the interaction between legumes and rhizobia has been well studied in the context of a mutualistic, nitrogen-fixing symbiosis. the fitness of legumes, including important agricultural crops, is enhanced by the plants' ability to develop symbiotic associations with certain soil bacteria that fix atmospheric nitrogen into a utilizable form, namely, ammonia, via a chemical reaction that only bacteria and archaea can perform. of the bacteria, members of the alpha subclass of the protebacteria are th ...201020078769
application of multiplex single nucleotide primer extension (msnupe) to the identification of bacteria: the burkholderia cepacia complex case.burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) is characterized by a complex taxonomy constituted by seventeen closely related species of both biotechnological and clinical importance. several molecular methods have been developed to accurately identify bcc species but simpler and effective strategies for bcc classification are still needed. a single nucleotide primer extension (snupe) assay using gyrb as a target gene was developed to identify bacteria belonging to the b. cepacia (bcc) complex. this techni ...201020079386
changing spectrum of microbiology of liver abscess: now klebsiella, next burkholderia pseudomallei. 201020079999
expanding small-molecule functional metagenomics through parallel screening of broad-host-range cosmid environmental dna libraries in diverse proteobacteria.the small-molecule biosynthetic diversity encoded within the genomes of uncultured bacteria is an attractive target for the discovery of natural products using functional metagenomics. phenotypes commonly associated with the production of small molecules, such as antibiosis, altered pigmentation, or altered colony morphology, are easily identified from screens of arrayed metagenomic library clones. however, functional metagenomic screening methods are limited by their intrinsic dependence on a h ...201020081001
potential mechanisms underlying the acute lung dysfunction and bacterial extrapulmonary dissemination during burkholderia cenocepacia respiratory infection.burkholderia cenocepacia, an opportunistic pathogen that causes lung infections in cystic fibrosis (cf) patients, is associated with rapid and usually fatal lung deterioration due to necrotizing pneumonia and sepsis, a condition known as cepacia syndrome. the key bacterial determinants associated with this poor clinical outcome in cf patients are not clear. in this study, the cytotoxicity and procoagulant activity of b. cenocepacia from the et-12 lineage, that has been linked to the cepacia synd ...201020082687
burkholdines 1097 and 1229, potent antifungal peptides from burkholderia ambifaria 2.2n.potent antifungal cyclic lipopeptides, burkholdines (bk), were isolated from a culture of burkholderia ambifaria 2.2n. bk-1229 (1) and bk-1097 (2) are octapeptides comprised of nonproteinogenic amino acids, including beta-hydroxytyrosine, beta-hydroxyasparagine, and a new fatty acyl amino acid. 1 and 2 are fungicidal against a panel of fungi with potencies 2-60-fold better than amphotericin b control.201020085289
characterization of hydrogen peroxide production by duox in bronchial epithelial cells exposed to pseudomonas aeruginosa.hydrogen peroxide production by the nadph oxidase duox1 occurs during activation of respiratory epithelial cells stimulated by purified bacterial ligands, such as lipopolysaccharide. here, we characterize duox activation using intact bacterial cells of several airway pathogens. we found that only pseudomonas aeruginosa, not burkholderia cepacia or staphylococcus aureus, triggers h2o2 production in bronchial epithelial cells in a calcium-dependent but predominantly atp-independent manner. moreove ...201020085766
burkholderia cenocepacia creates an intramacrophage replication niche in zebrafish embryos, followed by bacterial dissemination and establishment of systemic infection.bacteria belonging to the "burkholderia cepacia complex" (bcc) often cause fatal pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis patients, yet little is know about the underlying molecular mechanisms. these gram-negative bacteria can adopt an intracellular lifestyle, although their ability to replicate intracellularly has been difficult to demonstrate. here we show that bcc bacteria survive and multiply in macrophages of zebrafish embryos. local dissemination by nonlytic release from infected cells was ...201020086083
human pathogens abundant in the bacterial metagenome of cigarettes.many studies have evaluated chemical, heavy metal, and other abiotic substances present in cigarettes and their roles in the development of lung cancer and other diseases, yet no studies have comprehensively evaluated bacterial diversity of cigarettes and the possible impacts of these microbes on respiratory illnesses in smokers and exposed nonsmokers.201020064769
the survival of burkholderia pseudomallei in liquid media.we studied the effect of environmental parameters on the survival of burkholderia pseudomallei. there was a small increase in bacterial count for up to 28 days in sterilized distilled water or rain water, in water at 20 degrees c or 40 degrees c, and in buffered solutions of ph 4 or higher. counts of culturable b. pseudomallei declined at ph 3, in the presence of seawater or water with concentrations of 4% salt or higher, and under refrigeration. the morphological appearances of b. pseudomallei ...201020065001
population pharmacokinetic comparison and pharmacodynamic breakpoints of ceftazidime in cystic fibrosis patients and healthy volunteers.despite the promising activity of ceftazidime against pseudomonas aeruginosa and burkholderia cepacia, there has not yet been a study that directly compared the pharmacokinetics (pk) of ceftazidime in cystic fibrosis (cf) patients and healthy volunteers by population pk methodology. we assessed the population pk and pk/pharmacodynamic (pd) breakpoints of ceftazidime in cf patients and healthy volunteers. eight cf patients (total body weight [wt] [average +/- standard deviation] = 42.9 +/- 18.4 k ...201020065059
homologous overexpression of a lipase from burkholderia cepacia using the lambda red recombinase system.red recombinase system of the lambda phage is widely used for recombination of short linear dna fragments and genome. using this system, we obtained t7 rna polymerase (rnap) substitution mutants in burkholderia cepacia. to test the expression abilities of the t7 mutants, four different lipase expression vectors were transformed and the lipase activity of these recombinants was evaluated. our results suggest that 500 nt homology between the unit and the genome is sufficient to generate mutations ...201020033831
growth-related changes in intracellular spermidine and its effect on efflux pump expression and quorum sensing in burkholderia pseudomallei.the burkholderia pseudomallei bpeab-oprb resistance-nodulation-division (rnd) family pump effluxes aminoglycoside and macrolide antibiotics as well as acylhomoserine lactones (ahls) involved in quorum sensing. expression of bpea-lacz was cell density-dependent and was inducible in the presence of these compounds. intracellular levels of spermidine and n-acetylspermidine increased with cell density in wild-type b. pseudomallei khw, but were always lower in the bpeab pump mutant at all growth phas ...201020035006
critical protective role for mcp-1 in pneumonic burkholderia mallei infection.burkholderia mallei is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen of domestic equidae and humans that can cause severe, rapidly life-threatening pneumonic infections. little is known regarding the role of chemokines and early cellular immune responses in protective immunity to pulmonary infection with b. mallei. although the role of mcp-1 in gram-positive bacterial infections has been previously investigated, the role of mcp-1 in immunity to acute pneumonia caused by gram-negative bacteria, such as b. m ...201020042590
pseudomonas aeruginosa alginate promotes burkholderia cenocepacia persistence in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator knockout mice.pseudomonas aeruginosa, a major respiratory pathogen in cystic fibrosis (cf) patients, facilitates infection by other opportunistic pathogens. burkholderia cenocepacia, which normally infects adolescent patients, encounters alginate elaborated by mucoid p. aeruginosa. to determine whether p. aeruginosa alginate facilitates b. cenocepacia infection in mice, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator knockout mice were infected with b. cenocepacia strain bc7 suspended in either phosphate- ...201020048042
genome-wide analysis of dna repeats in burkholderia cenocepacia j2315 identifies a novel adhesin-like gene unique to epidemic-associated strains of the et-12 lineage.members of the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) are respiratory pathogens in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). close repetitive dna sequences often associate with surface antigens to promote genetic variability in pathogenic bacteria. the genome of burkholderia cenocepacia j2315, a cf isolate belonging to the epidemic lineage edinburgh-toronto (et-12), was analysed for the presence of close repetitive dna sequences. among the 422 dna close repeats, 45 genes potentially involved in virulence ...201020019083
the rhizosphere and pah amendment mediate impacts on functional and structural bacterial diversity in sandy peat soil.to reveal the degradation capacity of bacteria in pah polluted soil and rhizosphere we combined bacterial extradiol ring-cleavage dioxygenase and 16s rrna analysis in betula pubescens rhizoremediation. characterisation of the functional bacterial community by rflp revealed novel environmental dioxygenases, and their putative hosts were studied by 16s rrna amplification. plant rhizosphere and pah amendment effects were detected by the rflp/t-rflp analysis. functional species richness increased in ...201020022155
improved electrotransformation and decreased antibiotic resistance of the cystic fibrosis pathogen burkholderia cenocepacia strain j2315.the bacterium burkholderia cenocepacia is pathogenic for sufferers from cystic fibrosis (cf) and certain immunocompromised conditions. the b. cenocepacia strain most frequently isolated from cf patients, and which serves as the reference for cf epidemiology, is j2315. the j2315 genome is split into three chromosomes and one plasmid. the strain was sequenced several years ago, and its annotation has been released recently. this information should allow genetic experimentation with j2315, but two ...201020023084
rapid solubilization of insoluble phosphate by a novel environmental stress-tolerant burkholderia vietnamiensis m6 isolated from ginseng rhizospheric soil.we isolated and characterized novel insoluble phosphate (p)-solubilizing bacteria tolerant to environmental factors like high salt, low and high phs, and low temperature. a bacterium m6 was isolated from a ginseng rhizospheric soil and confirmed to belong to burkholderia vietnamiensis by biolog system and 16s rrna gene analysis. the optimal cultural conditions for the solubilization of p were 2.5% (w/v) glucose, 0.015% (w/v) urea, and 0.4% (w/v) mgcl(2).6h(2)o along with initial ph 7.0 at 35 deg ...201020024543
user-loaded slipchip for equipment-free multiplexed nanoliter-scale experiments.this paper describes a microfluidic approach to perform multiplexed nanoliter-scale experiments by combining a sample with multiple different reagents, each at multiple mixing ratios. this approach employs a user-loaded, equipment-free slipchip. the mixing ratios, characterized by diluting a fluorescent dye, could be controlled by the volume of each of the combined wells. the slipchip design was validated on an approximately 12 nl scale by screening the conditions for crystallization of glutaryl ...201020000708
efficacy of bacteriophage therapy in a model of burkholderia cenocepacia pulmonary infection.the therapeutic potential of bacteriophages (phages) in a mouse model of acute burkholderia cenocepacia pulmonary infection was assessed. phage treatment was administered by either intranasal inhalation or intraperitoneal injection. bacterial density, macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (mip-2), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) levels were significantly reduced in lungs of mice treated with intraperitoneal phages (p < .05). no significant differences in lung bacterial density or mip-2 l ...201020001604
purification and characterization of vanillin dehydrogenases from alkaliphile micrococcus sp. ta1 and neutrophile burkholderia cepacia tm1.vanillin dehydrogenases (vdhs) were purified and characterized from two bacterial strains that have different ph dependencies for growth. the alkaliphile micrococcus sp. ta1, isolated from an alkaline spa, can grow on several aromatic compounds such as ferulic acid, vanillin, vanillic acid, and protocatechuic acid under alkaline conditions. the neutrophile burkholderia cepacia tm1, which was isolated previously, also grew on the above-mentioned compounds because they functioned as the sole carbo ...201020002191
burkholderia species are ancient symbionts of legumes.burkholderia has only recently been recognized as a potential nitrogen-fixing symbiont of legumes, but we find that the origins of symbiosis in burkholderia are much deeper than previously suspected. we sampled 143 symbionts from 47 native species of mimosa across 1800 km in central brazil and found that 98% were burkholderia. gene sequences defined seven distinct and divergent species complexes within the genus burkholderia. the symbiosis-related genes formed deep burkholderia-specific clades, ...201020002602
diversity and evolution of the phenazine biosynthesis pathway.phenazines are versatile secondary metabolites of bacterial origin that function in biological control of plant pathogens and contribute to the ecological fitness and pathogenicity of the producing strains. in this study, we employed a collection of 94 strains having various geographic, environmental, and clinical origins to study the distribution and evolution of phenazine genes in members of the genera pseudomonas, burkholderia, pectobacterium, brevibacterium, and streptomyces. our results con ...201020008172
natural history of glucose intolerance in patients with cystic fibrosis: ten-year prospective observation program.to determine prospectively the long-term natural history of glucose homeostasis in adult patients with cystic fibrosis (cf).201019962154
carboxymethyl-beta-cyclodextrin mitigates toxicity of cadmium, cobalt, and copper during naphthalene biodegradation.hazardous waste sites are commonly contaminated with both organic and metal pollutants. many metal pollutants have been shown to inhibit organic pollutant biodegradation. we investigated the ability of a modified, polydentate cyclodextrin (carboxymethyl-beta-cyclodextrin, cmcd) to reduce the toxicity of 33.4 microm cadmium, cobalt or copper during naphthalene degradation by a burkholderia sp. in 120 h aerobic, batch studies. the highest investigated concentration of cmcd, 3340 microm, reduced ca ...201019962887
induction of immune response to the 17 kda ompa burkholderia cenocepacia polypeptide and protection against pulmonary infection in mice after nasal vaccination with an omp nanoemulsion-based vaccine.burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) are opportunistic bacteria associated with life-threatening illness in persons with cystic fibrosis. once bcc colonization is established, these antimicrobial-resistant and biofilm-forming bacteria are difficult to eradicate and are associated with increased rates of morbidity and mortality. at present, no vaccines are available to prevent the bcc infection. there is currently a paucity of published information regarding the development of vaccines designed to ...201019967396
activity of the siderophore monobactam bal30072 against multiresistant non-fermenters.we tested the activity of bal30072, a novel siderophore monobactam, against multiresistant clinical isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa, burkholderia cepacia group and acinetobacter spp. and against laboratory p. aeruginosa strains with defined resistance mechanisms.201019996139
toxin production by bacterial endosymbionts of a rhizopus microsporus strain used for tempe/sufu processing.mould fungi are not only well known for food spoilage through toxin formation but also for the production of fermented foods. in asian countries, the fermentation of soy beans and tofu for tempe and sufu production with various rhizopus strains is widespread. here we report the finding of toxinogenic bacteria in a starter culture used for sufu production. by means of metabolic profiling of the fungus under standard conditions for tempe and sufu production, we found that toxins of the rhizoxin co ...201019942312
the hfq gene is required for stress resistance and full virulence of burkholderia cepacia to the nematode caenorhabditis elegans.the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) emerged as problematic opportunistic pathogens to cystic fibrosis (cf) patients. although several virulence factors have been identified in bcc, the knowledge of their relative contribution to bcc pathogenicity remains scarce. in this work, we describe the identification and characterization of a b. cepacia ist408 mutant containing a disruption in the hfq gene. in other bacteria, hfq is a global regulator of metabolism, acting as an rna chaperone involved i ...201019942656
identification of immunogenic proteins from burkholderia cepacia secretome using proteomic analysis.burkholderia cepacia is an opportunistic human pathogen associated with lung infections. secretory proteins of b. cepacia are known to be involved in virulence and may mediate important host-pathogen interactions. in the present study, secretory proteins isolated from b. cepacia culture supernatant were separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, followed by western blot analysis to identify the immunogenic proteins. mice antibodies raised to b. cepacia inactivated whole bacteria, outer ...201019944788
rapid identification of nitrogen-fixing and legume-nodulating burkholderia species based on pcr 16s rrna species-specific oligonucleotides.several novel n(2)-fixing burkholderia species associated with plants, including legume-nodulating species, have recently been discovered. presently, considerable interest exists in studying the diazotrophic burkholderia species, both for their ecology and their great potential for agro-biotechnological applications. however, the available methods used in the identification of these burkholderia species are time-consuming and expensive. in this study, pcr species-specific primers based on the 16 ...201019945811
distribution of cepacian biosynthesis genes among environmental and clinical burkholderia strains and role of cepacian exopolysaccharide in resistance to stress conditions.the genus burkholderia includes strains pathogenic to animals and plants, bioremediators, or plant growth promoters. genome sequence analyses of representative burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) and non-bcc strains for the presence of the bce-i gene cluster, directing the biosynthesis of the exopolysaccharide (eps) cepacian, further extended this previously described cluster by another 9 genes. the genes in the bce-ii cluster were named bcem to bceu and encode products putatively involved in nuc ...201019948863
production and characterization of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate from biodiesel-glycerol by burkholderia cepacia atcc 17759.glycerol, a byproduct of the biodiesel industry, can be used by bacteria as an inexpensive carbon source for the production of value-added biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates (phas). burkholderia cepacia atcc 17759 synthesized poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (phb) from glycerol concentrations ranging from 3% to 9% (v/v). increasing the glycerol concentration results in a gradual reduction of biomass, pha yield, and molecular mass (m(n) and m(w)) of phb. the molecular mass of phb produced utilizing xylose ...201019953601
inflammation in achromobacter xylosoxidans infected cystic fibrosis patients.achromobacter xylosoxidans infection may cause conspicuous chronic pulmonary inflammation in cystic fibrosis (cf) patients similar to pseudomonas aeruginosa and the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc). evolution in lung function was compared in chronically infected patients. cytokine concentrations in cf patients with and without chronic infection were compared to healthy controls.201019939747
inactivation of burkholderia cepacia complex phage ks9 gp41 identifies the phage repressor and generates lytic virions.the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) is made up of at least 17 species of gram-negative opportunistic bacterial pathogens that cause fatal infections in patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic granulomatous disease. ks9 (vb_bcens_ks9), one of a number of temperate phages isolated from bcc species, is a prophage of burkholderia pyrrocinia lmg 21824. transmission electron micrographs indicate that ks9 belongs to the family siphoviridae and exhibits the b1 morphotype. the 39,896-bp ks9 genome, ...201019939932
molecular evolution in bacterial endosymbionts of fungi.the prediction that progressive coupling of host and symbiont metabolic and reproductive interests leads to reduced mixing of symbiont lineages has been verified extensively in maternally transmitted bacterial endosymbionts of insects. to test whether this prediction is also applicable to associations of bacteria with fungi, we explored patterns of molecular evolution in two lineages of mutualistic endosymbionts of fungi: the burkholderia endosymbionts of rhizopus microsporus (mucormycotina) and ...201019923192
expression and characterization of penicillin-binding proteins in burkholderia cenocepacia.putative penicillin-binding proteins (pbps) were identified in the genome of the burkholderia cenocepacia strain j2315 based on homology to e. coli pbps. the three sequences identified as homologs of e. coli pbp1a, bcal2021, bcal0274, and bcam2632, were cloned and expressed as his(6)-tagged fusion proteins in e. coli. the fusion proteins were isolated and shown to bind beta-lactams, indicating these putative pbps have penicillin-binding activity.201019924480
can burkholderia cepacia complex be eradicated with nebulised amiloride and tobi? 201019932062
structural elucidation of the repeat unit in highly branched acidic exopolysaccharides produced by nitrogen fixing burkholderia.burkholderia kururiensis, strain m130, an endophytic diazotrophic bacterium isolated from rice roots, produces acetylated acidic exopolysaccharides which can be separated by anion exchange chromatography. these were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, methylation analysis and smith degradation. the exopolysaccharides eluted with 0.5 m nacl were produced when the bacterium was grown in a medium containing mannitol as the sole carbon source, and showed to be a mixture of two ...201019933228
packed-bed reactor running on babassu oil and glycerol to produce monoglycerides by enzymatic route using immobilized burkholderia cepacia lipase.the aim of this study was the glycerolysis of babassu oil catalyzed by immobilized lipase from burkholderia cepacia, in a continuous packed-bed reactor. the best reaction conditions were previously established in batchwise via response surface methodology as a function of glycerol-to-oil molar ratio and reaction temperature. the reactor operated continuously for 22 days at 50 degrees c, and during the first 6 days, no significant decrease on the initial lipase activity was observed. monoglycerid ...201019937155
isolation and characterization of an abamectin-degrading burkholderia cepacia-like gb-01 strain.abamectin is widely used in agriculture as an insecticide and in veterinary as an anti-parasitic agent, and has caused great environmental pollution by posing potential risk to non-target soil invertebrates and nearby aquatic systems. a bacterium designated gb-01, which was capable of degrading abamectin, was isolated from soil by enrichment culture method. on the basis of morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics, combined with phylogenetic analysis of 16s rrna gene, the bact ...201019937266
colloidal and bacterial deposition: role of gravity.the role of gravitational force on the deposition of 0.5, 1.1, and 1.8 mum carboxylate-modified polystyrene latex (cml) microspheres and bacterium burkholderia cepacia g4g has been evaluated using a parallel plate flow chamber system. this experimental system utilized an inverted and an upright optical microscope attached with image-capturing devices to directly observe and determine the deposition kinetics onto glass surfaces located at the top and bottom of the flow chamber. deposition kinetic ...201019911823
entry of burkholderia organisms into respiratory epithelium: cftr, microfilament and microtubule dependence.the pathogenesis of infection with burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) organisms may be linked to its capacity to invade respiratory epithelium.201019914879
characterization of chlorophenol 4-monooxygenase (tftd) and nadh:fad oxidoreductase (tftc) of burkholderia cepacia ac1100.burkholderia cepacia ac1100 completely degrades 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, in which an fadh(2)-dependent monooxygenase (tftd) and an nadh:fad oxidoreductase (tftc) catalyze the initial steps. tftd oxidizes 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-tcp) to 2,5-dichloro-p-benzoquinone, which is chemically reduced to 2,5-dichloro-p-hydroquinone (2,5-dichq). then, tftd oxidizes the latter to 5-chloro-2-hydroxy-p-benzoquinone. in those processes, tftc provides all the required fadh(2). we have determined the crystal ...201019915006
diabetes as a determinant of mortality in cystic fibrosis.diabetes is increasingly common in cystic fibrosis, but little information describing its influence on mortality exists. using national u.k. data, in this study we document diabetes-specific mortality rates, estimate the impact of diabetes on survival, and estimate population-attributable fractions.201019918014
[a sensitive, specific and predictive isolation medium developed for stenotrophomonas maltophilia study in healthcare settings].stenotrophomonas maltophilia (smalto) is a prominent nosocomial pathogen, commonly isolated in the hospital environment. multiple smalto nosocomial outbreaks have been linked to contaminated water sources. this study aimed to develop a medium able to ease healthcare environment smalto isolation.201019892479
mycotic iliac aneurysm associated with burkholderia pseudomallei. 201019897393
oxidative stress of burkholderia cenocepacia induces insertion sequence-mediated genomic rearrangements that interfere with macrorestriction-based genotyping.burkholderia cenocepacia can cause serious infections and epidemics in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). a cf population in the czech republic experienced an epidemic outbreak caused by a b. cenocepacia st-32 strain. the clonality of the isolates was evident by multilocus sequence typing; however, fingerprinting profiles obtained by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) showed substantial band variability. we investigated whether the pfge pattern diversity resulted from genomic rearrangement ...201019889907
the lipid a of burkholderia multivorans c1576 smooth-type lipopolysaccharide and its pro-inflammatory activity in a cystic fibrosis airways model.cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder and it is characterised by chronic bacterial airway infection which leads to progressive lung deterioration, sometimes with fatal outcome. burkholderia multivorans and burkholderia cenocepacia are the species responsible for most of the infections of cystic fibrosis patients. lipopolysaccharide endotoxins (lpss) are among the foremost factors of pathogenesis of gram-negative infection and, in particular, lipid a is the endotoxic portion of lps r ...201019880661
burkholderia mallei cluster 1 type vi secretion mutants exhibit growth and actin polymerization defects in raw 264.7 murine macrophages.burkholderia mallei is a facultative intracellular pathogen that causes severe disease in animals and humans. recent studies have shown that the cluster 1 type vi secretion system (t6ss-1) expressed by this organism is essential for survival in a hamster model of glanders. to better understand the role of t6ss-1 in the pathogenesis of disease, studies were initiated to examine the interactions of b. mallei tsse mutants with raw 264.7 murine macrophages. results obtained by utilizing modified gen ...201019884331
molecular and biochemical characterization of the natural chromosome-encoded class a beta-lactamase from pseudomonas luteola.pseudomonas luteola (formerly classified as cdc group ve-1 and named chryseomonas luteola) is an unusual pathogen implicated in rare but serious infections in humans. a novel beta-lactamase gene, bla(lut-1), was cloned from the whole-cell dna of the p. luteola clinical isolate lam, which had a weak narrow-spectrum beta-lactam-resistant phenotype, and expressed in escherichia coli. this gene encoded lut-1, a 296-amino-acid ambler class a beta-lactamase with a pi of 6 and a theoretical molecular m ...201019884377
differential susceptibility of inbred mouse strains to burkholderia thailandensis aerosol infection.burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, an emerging bacterial disease that accounts for high rates of septicaemia and death in parts of southeast asia and northern australia. the closely related species burkholderia thailandensis is considered avirulent in humans and has been used as a surrogate for b. pseudomallei in several studies. the pathogenesis of b. pseudomallei and the role of toll-like receptors (tlrs) in host immunity to infection are not well-defined. in this ...201019853031
icmf is a fusion between the radical b12 enzyme isobutyryl-coa mutase and its g-protein chaperone.coenzyme b(12) is used by two highly similar radical enzymes, which catalyze carbon skeleton rearrangements, methylmalonyl-coa mutase and isobutyryl-coa mutase (icm). icm catalyzes the reversible interconversion of isobutyryl-coa and n-butyryl-coa and exists as a heterotetramer. in this study, we have identified >70 bacterial proteins, which represent fusions between the subunits of icm and a p-loop gtpase and are currently misannotated as methylmalonyl-coa mutases. we designate this fusion prot ...201019864421
pathema: a clade-specific bioinformatics resource center for pathogen research.pathema (http://pathema.jcvi.org) is one of the eight bioinformatics resource centers (brcs) funded by the national institute of allergy and infectious disease (niaid) designed to serve as a core resource for the bio-defense and infectious disease research community. pathema strives to support basic research and accelerate scientific progress for understanding, detecting, diagnosing and treating an established set of six target niaid category a-c pathogens: category a priority pathogens; bacillu ...201019843611
the clinical profile and predictors of mortality in patients with melioidosis in south india.melioidosis is an underdiagnosed and underreported disease in india with protean clinical manifestations. mortality in this study population was 17%. the predominant risk factor for melioidosis was diabetes mellitus. multifocal disease was present in 66% and pulmonary involvement in 61% of patients. in a country like india where the conditions are conducive for endemic melioidosis and due to the clinical similarity of melioidosis to diseases like tuberculosis, it is essential for clinicians to h ...201019850605
structural basis of the affinity for oligomannosides and analogs displayed by bc2l-a, a burkholderia cenocepacia soluble lectin.the opportunistic pathogen burkholderia cenocepacia contains three soluble carbohydrate-binding proteins, related to the fucose-binding lectin pa-iil from pseudomonas aeruginosa. all contain a pa-iil-like domain and two of them have an additional n-terminal domain that displays no sequence similarities with known proteins. printed arrays screening performed on the shortest one, b. cenocepacia lectin a (bc2l-a), demonstrated the strict specificity for oligomannose-type n-glycan structures (lameig ...201019770128
effect of two types of biosurfactants on phenanthrene availability to the bacterial bioreporter burkholderia sartisoli strain rp037.biosurfactants are tensio-active agents that have often been proposed as a means to enhance the aqueous solubility of hydrophobic organic contaminants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs). biosurfactant-producing bacteria such as those belonging to the genus pseudomonas might therefore enhance pah availability to pah-degrading bacteria. we tested the effects of two types of biosurfactants produced by pseudomonas sp., cyclic lipopeptides and rhamnolipids, on phenanthrene bioavailabili ...201019730847
phase variation has a role in burkholderia ambifaria niche adaptation.members of the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc), such as b. ambifaria, are effective biocontrol strains, for instance, as plant growth-promoting bacteria; however, bcc isolates can also cause severe respiratory infections in people suffering from cystic fibrosis (cf). no distinction is known between isolates from environmental and human origins, suggesting that the natural environment is a potential source of infectious bcc species. while investigating the presence and role of phase variation ...201019710710
identifying translation initiation sites in prokaryotes using support vector machine.motivation: gene identification in genomes has been a fundamental and long-standing task in bioinformatics and computational biology. many computational methods have been developed to predict genes in prokaryote genomes by identifying translation initiation site (tis) in transcript data. however, the pseudo-tiss at the genome level make these methods suffer from a high number of false positive predictions. in addition, most of the existing tools use an unsupervised learning framework, whose pred ...201019840808
burkholderia acidipaludis sp. nov., aluminum-tolerant bacteria isolated from chinese water chestnut (eleocharis dulcis) growing in highly acidic swamps in south-east asia.two strains of aluminium-tolerant bacteria, sa33(t) and 7a078, were isolated from chinese water chestnut (eleocharis dulcis) growing in highly acidic swamps (ph 2-4) in actual acid sulfate soil areas of vietnam (sa33(t)) and thailand (7a078). the strains were gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming rods, 0.6-0.7 mum wide and 1.3-1.7 mum long. these strains showed good growth at ph 3.0-8.0 and 17-37 degrees c. the organisms contained ubiquinone q-8 as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and c(16 ...201019819996
[arthritis caused by burkholderia cepacia]. 201019783076
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