Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| il-7 receptor alpha chain expression distinguishes functional subsets of virus-specific human cd8+ t cells. | virus-specific cd8+ t cells emerge after infection with herpesviruses and maintain latency to these persistent pathogens. it has been demonstrated that murine memory cd8+ t-cell precursors specific for acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus express interleukin-7 receptor alpha (il-7ralpha), and il-7 is involved in maintaining memory populations after the clearance of antigen. to investigate whether human cd8+ t cells reactive toward persistent viruses are maintained similarly, we analyzed il-7 ... | 2005 | 15947093 |
| b-cell depletion inhibits arthritis in a collagen-induced arthritis (cia) model, but does not adversely affect humoral responses in a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccination model. | we report the development of a mouse b cell-depleting immunoconjugate (anti-cd22 monoclonal antibody [mab] conjugated to calicheamicin) and its in vivo use to characterize the kinetics of cd22+ b-cell depletion and reconstitution in murine primary and secondary lymphoid tissues. the effect of b-cell depletion was further studied in a murine collagen-induced arthritis (cia) model and a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccination model. our results show that (1) the immunoconjugate has b-cell-sp ... | 2005 | 15947095 |
| efficient gene transfer into mouse embryonic stem cells with adenovirus vectors. | efficient and transient gene transfer into embryonic stem (es) cells is expected to be of use for basic studies in developmental biology and for applications in regenerative medicine. here, we report the development of an adenovirus (ad) vector that efficiently expresses foreign genes in mouse es (mes) cells. we prepared four lacz-expressing ad vectors, each of which contained one of the following: rous sarcoma virus (rsv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), beta-actin promoter/cmv enhancer (ca), or ef-1alp ... | 2005 | 15950541 |
| the cysteine-rich region of respiratory syncytial virus attachment protein inhibits innate immunity elicited by the virus and endotoxin. | the attachment protein (glycoprotein) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has long been associated with disease potentiation and respiratory symptoms. the glycoprotein has a conserved cysteine-rich region (gcrr) whose function is unknown and which is not necessary for efficient viral replication. in this report, we show that the gcrr is a powerful inhibitor of the innate immune response against rsv, and that early secretion of glycoprotein is critical to modulate inflammation after rsv infectio ... | 2005 | 15956195 |
| real-time detection of virus particles and viral protein expression with two-color nanoparticle probes. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) mediates serious lower respiratory tract illness in infants and young children and is a significant pathogen of the elderly and immune compromised. rapid and sensitive rsv diagnosis is important to infection control and efforts to develop antiviral drugs. current rsv detection methods are limited by sensitivity and/or time required for detection. in this study, we show that antibody-conjugated nanoparticles rapidly and sensitively detect rsv and estimate relativ ... | 2005 | 15956604 |
| growth of respiratory syncytial virus in primary epithelial cells from the human respiratory tract. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of lower respiratory tract disease in infants and children. to study rsv replication, we have developed an in vitro model of human nasopharyngeal mucosa, human airway epithelium (hae). rsv grows to moderate titers in hae, though they are significantly lower than those in a continuous epithelial cell line, hep-2. in hae, rsv spreads over time to form focal collections of infected cells causing minimal cytopathic effect. unlike hep-2 ce ... | 2005 | 15956607 |
| anti-inflammatory effect of albuterol enantiomers during respiratory syncytial virus infection in rats. | every year in the united states, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in infants and young children cause more than 120,000 hospitalizations, often complicated by the need for mechanical ventilation; yet no effective therapy is currently available for this disease. we showed previously that rsv infection is associated with neurogenic inflammation in the lower respiratory tract. in the present study, we sought to determine whether aerosolized beta(2)-receptor agonists inhibit neurogenic-m ... | 2005 | 15957175 |
| interaction between the respiratory syncytial virus g glycoprotein cytoplasmic domain and the matrix protein. | paramyxovirus assembly at the cell membrane requires the movement of viral components to budding sites and envelopment of nucleocapsids by cellular membranes containing viral glycoproteins, facilitated by interactions with the matrix protein. the specific protein interactions during assembly of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are unknown. here, the postulated interaction between the rsv matrix protein (m) and g glycoprotein (g) was investigated. partial co-localization of m with g was demonstr ... | 2005 | 15958665 |
| mortality in children from influenza and respiratory syncytial virus. | to quantify mortality attributable to influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in children. | 2005 | 15965143 |
| economic impact of community-acquired and nosocomial lower respiratory tract infections in young children in germany. | data on the economic burden of lower respiratory tract infections (lrti) in young children are lacking in germany. the objective of the cost-of-illness study was to estimate the economic impact of community-acquired lrti and nosocomial lrti as well as of infections due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenza viruses (piv) and influenza viruses (iv). the economic analysis is part of the pride study, a prospective, multi-centre, population-based epidemiological study on the impact of l ... | 2005 | 15965766 |
| formalin-inactivated bovine rsv vaccine influences antibody levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and disease outcome in experimentally infected calves. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes severe respiratory disease in calves and human infants. in response to outbreaks, formalin inactivated (fi)-rsv vaccines were developed and found to exacerbate disease following a live rsv infection. we have reproduced vaccination induced disease enhancement in calves and screened various antibody isotypes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) from two studies: one with disease enhancement and another where moderate protection resulted from fi-bovine rsv ... | 2005 | 15967545 |
| [the clinical usefulness of a newly rapid diagnosis kit, detection of respiratory syncytial virus]. | immunocard stat! rsv (meridian bioscience, inc, usa) is a rapid immunoassay method newly developed for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) by immunochromatography. we carried out an evaluation of the immunocard stat! rsv. one hundred fifty-nine nasal wash samples and nasopharyngeal aspirates from patients were used to evaluate three different kits, which are immunocard stat! rsv, rsv testpack (abbott japan) and directigen ez rsv (nippon becton, dickinson and company) . one hundred twe ... | 2005 | 15977566 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in children hospitalized for wheezing: virus-specific studies from infancy to preschool years. | to evaluate whether the presence of immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in early childhood is associated with later asthma, and to evaluate a new diagnostic test for rsv, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), comparing it to the antigen and antibody assays initially used in rsv diagnostics in the present cohort. | 2005 | 15981748 |
| [influenza virus infections in infants aged less than two years old]. | influenza is a major cause of respiratory tract illness in infants. the clinical characteristics of these infections are non-specific and the burden of influenza is frequently underestimated in very young children. the objective of this study was to describe confirmed influenza infections in infants < 2 years attended in a level ii public hospital. a second-rate aim was to compare influenza infections in hospitalized infants with respiratory syncytial virus (vrs) infection in the same population ... | 2005 | 15989867 |
| the novel parainfluenza virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase inhibitor bcx 2798 prevents lethal synergism between a paramyxovirus and streptococcus pneumoniae. | an association exists between respiratory viruses and bacterial infections. prevention or treatment of the preceding viral infection is a logical goal for reducing this important cause of morbidity and mortality. the ability of the novel, selective parainfluenza virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase inhibitor bcx 2798 to prevent the synergism between a paramyxovirus and streptococcus pneumoniae was examined in this study. a model of secondary bacterial pneumonia after infection with a recombinant se ... | 2005 | 15616320 |
| the transmembrane domain of the respiratory syncytial virus f protein is an orientation-independent apical plasma membrane sorting sequence. | the processes that facilitate transport of integral membrane proteins though the secretory pathway and subsequently target them to particular cellular membranes are relevant to almost every field of biology. these transport processes involve integration of proteins into the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (er), passage from the er to the golgi, and post-golgi trafficking. the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion (f) protein is a type i integral membrane protein that is uniformly distri ... | 2005 | 16160180 |
| the descriptive epidemiology of severe lower respiratory tract infections in children in kiel, germany. | lower respiratory tract infections (lri) inflict a high burden of disease in children worldwide. longitudinal, descriptive epidemiological data on different forms of lri are urgently needed to differentiate this burden, compare population-based incidence rates between countries and to recognize trends. | 2005 | 16167272 |
| acute encephalopathy associated with respiratory syncytial virus infections in childhood. a literature review. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has been described as the single most important virus causing acute respiratory infections, especially bronchiolitis and pneumonia, in children. the most severe infections affect the youngest infants and well-defined high-risk groups, including infants with a history of premature birth, and those with chronic lung disease, congenital heart disease, cystic fibrosis and immunodeficiency. it has been reported that approximately 1/3 of high-risk children hospitalize ... | 2005 | 16170298 |
| nuclear import of the respiratory syncytial virus matrix protein is mediated by importin beta1 independent of importin alpha. | the matrix (m) protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) plays an important role in virus assembly through specific interactions with rsv nucleocapsids and envelope glycoproteins in the cytoplasm as well as with the host cell membrane. we have previously shown that m localizes to the nucleus of infected cells at an early stage in the rsv infection cycle, where it may be instrumental in inhibiting host cell processes. the present study uses transient expression of m as well as a truncated gree ... | 2005 | 16171404 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection and immunoprophylaxis for selected high-risk children in central australia. | there are limited data on the epidemiology and viral aetiology of bronchiolitis in central australia and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) immunoprophylaxis in an australian population. | 2005 | 16171499 |
| [plasmid construction, expression, immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant protein candidate vaccine of respiratory syncytial virus]. | to construct plasmid of recombinant protein candidate vaccine of respiratory syncytial virus, express it in e. coli, and to investigate its immunogenicity and protective efficacy. a cd8+ t cell epitope from respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) m2 protein f/m2:81 - 95 and the g:125-225 (g1) gene fragments from rsv-g protein containing b cell epitopes were amplified by pcr method and then inserted into the prokaryotic expression vector pet-dsba after bonding to a linker. the fusion protein dsba-g1-li ... | 2005 | 16176088 |
| inhibitors of respiratory syncytial virus replication target cotranscriptional mrna guanylylation by viral rna-dependent rna polymerase. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of respiratory illness in infants, immunocompromised patients, and the elderly. new antiviral agents would be important tools in the treatment of acute rsv disease. rsv encodes its own rna-dependent rna polymerase that is responsible for the synthesis of both genomic rna and subgenomic mrnas. the viral polymerase also cotranscriptionally caps and polyadenylates the rsv mrnas at their 5' and 3' ends, respectively. we have previously reported the ... | 2005 | 16189012 |
| diagnosis coding in the danish national patient registry for respiratory syncytial virus infections. | this national registry-based epidemiological study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the danish national patient registry (dnpr) as a tool for epidemiological studies of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospitalizations. information on rsv diagnoses in records of hospitalizations among inpatients tested for rsv in denmark from january 1996 to may 2003 in the dnpr was validated against the rsv test result in records from the 18 laboratories testing for rsv among hospitalized patients in denmar ... | 2005 | 16191894 |
| serum eosinophil cationic protein and cd23 in acute rsv bronchiolitis. | elevated concentrations of eosinophil cationic protein (ecp) have been found in acute viral wheezing during infancy. furthermore, rsv infection has been suggested to stimulate type-2 cytokine responses. the aim of this study was to test whether serum ecp and soluble cd23 levels, which are markers of eosinophil and ige responses, respectively, are elevated in infants hospitalized for acute respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis. | 2005 | 16192901 |
| mutations affecting cleavage at the p10-capsid protease cleavage site block rous sarcoma virus replication. | a series of amino acid substitutions (m239f, m239g, p240f, v241g) were placed in the p10-ca protease cleavage site (vvam*pvvi) to change the rate of cleavage of the junction. the effects of these substitutions on p10-ca cleavage by rsv pr were confirmed by measuring the kinetics of cleavage of model peptide substrates containing the wild type and mutant p10-ca sites. the effects of these substitutions on processing of the gag polyprotein were determined by labeling gag transfected cos-1 cells wi ... | 2005 | 16188035 |
| dexamethasone inhalations in rsv bronchiolitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. | to evaluate the effect of inhaled dexamethasone on hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis. | 2005 | 16188807 |
| respiratory syncytial virus and other respiratory viruses during the first 3 months of life promote a local th2-like response. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections during infancy are considered to be a risk factor for developing asthma and possibly allergic sensitization. | 2005 | 16210054 |
| clinical and socio-economic impact of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infection on healthy children and their households. | this prospective study compared the clinical and socio-economic impact of laboratory-confirmed influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection on healthy children and their families. among 1,520 otherwise healthy children aged< 15 years attending the emergency department for acute conditions other than trauma, influenza viruses and rsv were found in 234 (15.4%) and 116 (7.6%; p<0.0001) patients, respectively. the fact that influenza has a similar global clinical impact on the community ... | 2005 | 16216113 |
| detailed mapping of the nuclear export signal in the rous sarcoma virus gag protein. | the rous sarcoma virus (rsv) gag polyprotein undergoes transient nuclear trafficking as an intrinsic part of the virus assembly pathway. nuclear export of gag is crucial for the efficient production of viral particles and is accomplished through the action of a leptomycin b (lmb)-dependent nuclear export signal (nes) in the p10 domain (l. z. scheifele, r. a. garbitt, j. d. rhoads, and l. j. parent, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 99:3944-3949, 2002). we have now mapped the nuclear export activity to ... | 2005 | 15994767 |
| respiratory syncytial virus influences nf-kappab-dependent gene expression through a novel pathway involving map3k14/nik expression and nuclear complex formation with nf-kappab2. | a member of the paramyxoviridae family of rna viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), is a leading cause of epidemic respiratory tract infection in children. in children, rsv primarily replicates in the airway mucosa, a process that alters epithelial cell chemokine expression, thereby inducing airway inflammation. we investigated the role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14/nf-kappab-inducing kinase (nik) in the activation of nf-kappab-dependent genes in alveolus-like a5 ... | 2005 | 15994789 |
| heterologous late-domain sequences have various abilities to promote budding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | retroviral late (l) domains present within gag act in conjunction with cellular proteins to efficiently release virions from the surface of the cell. three different critical core sequences have been identified as required elements for l-domain function: pppy, ptap (also psap), and ypdl, with different retroviruses utilizing one or two of these core sequences. the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) l domain is centered around a ptap sequence in the p6 region of gag. to assess the abilit ... | 2005 | 15994797 |
| respiratory syncytial virus nonstructural proteins ns1 and ns2 mediate inhibition of stat2 expression and alpha/beta interferon responsiveness. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) subverts the antiviral interferon (ifn) response, but the mechanism for this evasion was unclear. here we show that rsv preferentially inhibits ifn-alpha/beta signaling by expression of viral ns1 and ns2. thus, rsv infection or expression of recombinant ns1 and ns2 in epithelial host cells causes a marked decrease in stat2 levels and the consequent downstream ifn-alpha/beta response. similarly, ns1/ns2-deficient rsv no longer decreases stat2 levels or ifn respon ... | 2005 | 15994826 |
| clinical impact of community-acquired respiratory viruses on bronchiolitis obliterans after lung transplant. | community-acquired viral respiratory tract infections (rti) in lung transplant recipients may have a high rate of progression to pneumonia and can be a trigger for immunologically mediated detrimental effects on lung function. a cohort of 100 patients was enrolled from 2001 to 2003 in which 50 patients had clinically diagnosed viral rti and 50 were asymptomatic. all patients had nasopharyngeal and throat swabs taken for respiratory virus antigen detection, culture and rt-pcr. all patients had pu ... | 2005 | 15996256 |
| single versus dual respiratory virus infections in hospitalized infants: impact on clinical course of disease and interferon-gamma response. | dual respiratory viral infections are frequently associated with lower respiratory tract illness in infants. this study aimed to determine the impact of a dual respiratory viral infection on specific aspects of the infant's immune response and the clinical course of illness. | 2005 | 15999001 |
| frequency of detection of picornaviruses and seven other respiratory pathogens in infants. | previous studies in which molecular-based techniques have been used to identify the causative pathogens of respiratory tract infection have investigated hospitalized children only. we report a prospective study designed to determine the frequency and clinical presentation of community-acquired respiratory illness in infancy associated with 8 common respiratory pathogens. | 2005 | 15999002 |
| clinical-epidemiological evaluation of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children attended in a public hospital in midwestern brazil. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is responsible for annual respiratory infection outbreaks in infants and young children worldwide, frequently causing bronchiolitis and pneumonia. we evaluated clinical and epidemiological features of acute respiratory infections (aris) caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in children less than five years old. nasopharyngeal aspirate samples from children with ari symptoms, attended at the 'hospital das clínicas'--federal university of uberlândia, mg, bra ... | 2005 | 16127592 |
| the functionally exchangeable l domains in rsv and hiv-1 gag direct particle release through pathways linked by tsg101. | the functionally exchangeable l domains of hiv-1 and rous sarcoma virus (rsv) gag bind tsg101 and nedd4, respectively. tsg101 and nedd4 function in endocytic trafficking, and studies show that expression of tsg101 or nedd4 fragments interfere with release of hiv-1 or rsv gag, respectively, as virus-like particles (vlps). to determine whether functional exchangeability reflects use of the same trafficking pathway, we tested the effect on rsv gag release of co-expression with mutated forms of vps4 ... | 2005 | 16138902 |
| antiviral activity and mode of action of caffeoylquinic acids from schefflera heptaphylla (l.) frodin. | schefflera heptaphylla is a popular medicinal plant in southern china. three caffeoylquinic acid derivatives, namely 3,4-di-o-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-di-o-caffeoylquinic acid, and 3-o-caffeoylquinic acid, were isolated from this plant and investigated for their antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). 3,4-di-o-caffeoylquinic acid and 3,5-di-o-caffeoylquinic acid possessed potent anti-rsv activity. the median inhibitory concentrations (ic50) of 3,4-di-o-caffeoylquinic acid a ... | 2005 | 16140400 |
| [treatment of respiratory syncytial virus by intravenous gamma-globulin]. | to explore in vitro and in vivo the effect of the intravenous gamma-globulin (ivgammag) on the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). | 2005 | 16143076 |
| comparison of the bd directigen flu a+b kit and the abbott testpack rsv with a multiplex rt-pcr elisa for rapid detection of influenza viruses and respiratory syncytial virus. | the directigen flu a+b enzyme immunoassay and the abbott testpack rsv enzyme immunoassay were each compared with a multiplex rt-pcr elisa by testing 635 nasopharyngeal aspirates collected from children aged < 16 years who had been hospitalised with acute respiratory tract infection during the epidemic season 2002-2003. in this study, the sensitivity of the directigen flu a+b assay was unacceptably low (29.3% and 10.0%, respectively) for the detection of influenza a and b viruses. the sensitivity ... | 2005 | 16153263 |
| rsv-induced prostaglandin e2 production occurs via cpla2 activation: role in viral replication. | prostaglandins (pgs) are lipid mediators that participate in the regulation of immunological and inflammatory responses, and pg production can affect viral replication. in this study, we have investigated the mechanism of pge2 production in airway epithelial cells, following respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, and its role in viral replication. we show that rsv infection strongly induces pge2 secretion, in a time- and replication-dependent manner, through increased cyclooxygenase-2 (cox ... | 2005 | 16153673 |
| a review of vaccine research and development: human acute respiratory infections. | worldwide, acute respiratory infections (aris) constitute the leading cause of acute illnesses, being responsible for nearly 4 million deaths every year, mostly in young children and infants in developing countries. the main infectious agents responsible for aris include influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3), streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae. while effective vaccines against influenza, h. influenzae type b (hib) and s. pneumonia ... | 2005 | 16154667 |
| human metapneumovirus infections in mexico: epidemiological and clinical characteristics. | the human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a recently described respiratory rna virus that mainly affects children. to date there has not been a report that describes the detection of this virus in mexico. this study was performed to detect hmpv in hospitalized mexican children with respiratory infections, and describe their epidemiological and clinical characteristics. nasal wash samples from 558 children younger than 3 years of age with the admission diagnosis of a respiratory tract infection were ev ... | 2005 | 16157552 |
| [preliminary assessment of an immunochromatographic method (directigen ez-rsv) for antigenic detection of syncytial respiratory virus]. | 2005 | 16159548 | |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in the absence of stat 1 results in airway dysfunction, airway mucus, and augmented il-17 levels. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading infectious cause of respiratory failure and wheezing in infants and young children. prematurity is the greatest risk factor for severe rsv-induced disease, and recent studies suggest that premature children have lower levels of the type i ifns (alpha/beta), for which signal transducer and activator of transcription (stat) 1 is a critical intracellular signaling molecule. | 2005 | 16159623 |
| rhinovirus illnesses during infancy predict subsequent childhood wheezing. | the contribution of viral respiratory infections during infancy to the development of subsequent wheezing and/or allergic diseases in early childhood is not established. | 2005 | 16159626 |
| safety and efficacy of palivizumab prophylaxis in children with congenital heart disease. | infants with congenital heart diseases (chd) are at high risk for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, which causes severe respiratory distress. palivizumab, an anti-rsv monoclonal antibody, was licensed in the usa, europe and canada, and a large-scale placebo-controlled double-blind test in these countries confirmed its efficacy and safety. a survey using questionnaires to assess usage, prophylactic efficacy, and safety of palivizumab in japanese infants and young children with chd was ... | 2005 | 16091076 |
| the clinical features of respiratory syncytial virus: lower respiratory tract infection after upper respiratory tract infection due to influenza virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza virus are the primary pathogens of respiratory tract infection. however, epidemics of influenza virus infection have been observed to interrupt rsv epidemics (termed an epidemiological interference effect). | 2005 | 16091079 |
| immunoglobulin heavy g2 chain (ighg2) gene restriction in the development of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a prominent cause of airway morbidity in children under 1 y of age. it is assumed that host factors influence the severity of disease presentation, and thus the need for hospitalization. the variation of ighg genes from chromosome 14q32 are linked to serum igg subclass levels but also to the variations in igg responses to pneumococcal, meningococcal and haemophilus influenzae antigens. the aim of this investigation was to clarify whether ighg genes are involv ... | 2005 | 16092453 |
| respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus in children with acute respiratory infections in yemen. | a survey of 604 yemeni children younger than 2 years with acute respiratory infections identified respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in 244 (40%), human metapneumovirus (hmpv) in 41 (7%) and rsv/hmpv coinfection in 25 (4%) children. rsv infections occurred in younger children and were associated with more severe hypoxia than observed with hmpv. both viruses are important causes of severe acute respiratory infection in yemen. | 2005 | 16094233 |
| the balance between influenza- and rsv-specific cd4 t cells secreting il-10 or ifngamma in young and healthy-elderly subjects. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza virus cause severe disease in elderly patients. the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines may be critical in determining disease pathogenesis and outcome of infection. the frequencies of cd4 il-10 (anti-inflammatory)- and cd4 and cd8 ifngamma (pro-inflammatory)-secreting memory t cells specific for either rsv or influenza were not significantly different between young and elderly groups, although the ratio of il-10/ifngamma was significan ... | 2005 | 16098562 |
| evaluation of viral and mammalian promoters for use in gene delivery to salivary glands. | to optimize vectors for salivary gland gene transfer, we screened viral [cytomegalovirus (cmv; human immediate early), rous sarcoma virus (rsv), simian virus 40, and moloney murine leukemia virus long terminal repeat] and mammalian [elongation factor 1alpha (ef1alpha), cytokeratin 18 (k18), cytokeratin 19 (k19), kallikrein (kall), and amylase (amy), all human, and rat aquaporin-5 (raqp5), and derivative elements] promoters driving luciferase activity in vitro and in vivo. in adenoviral vectors, ... | 2005 | 16099414 |
| oxygen radicals in inflammation and allergy related to viral infections. | oxygen radicals including superoxide anion (o(2)(-)) and nitric oxide (no) are involved in a variety of inflammatory diseases induced by viral infection. in this review, we focus on the role of oxygen radicals in allergic inflammation such as bronchial asthma induced by viral infection--specifically, with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). this infection in early childhood is a risk factor for development of wheezing, significant decreases in pulmonary function, and increases in airway reactivit ... | 2005 | 16101528 |
| hospitalization for rsv bronchiolitis before 12 months of age and subsequent asthma, atopy and wheeze: a longitudinal birth cohort study. | several epidemiological studies have reported recurrent wheezing and asthma in children after respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis in infancy. the relationship with allergic sensitization is less clear and recent evidence suggests an interaction between atopy and rsv infection in the development of asthma. data from a large, population-based, birth-cohort (avon longitudinal study of parents and children) were used to compare outcomes of children according to whether or not they had be ... | 2005 | 16101930 |
| urine leukotriene e and eosinophil cationic protein in nasopharyngeal aspiration from young wheezy children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is a risk factor for the development of asthma. it is very hard to distinguish bronchiolitis with respiratory virus infection from allergic asthma at first wheezing attack in early childhood. to distinguish wheezing children with rsv bronchiolitis from asthmatic children, we measured leukotriene e(4)(lte(4)) in urine and ecp in nasopharyngeal aspiration (npa) at first day of admission with wheezing attack. thirty-two non-atopic children younger than th ... | 2005 | 16101934 |
| leukotriene synthesis during respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: influence of age and atopy. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is the most common cause of bronchiolitis in infants and an important risk factor for the development of recurrent wheezing and asthma. cysteinyl leukotrienes were implicated in the pathophysiology of these diseases, and are being targeted for their diagnosis and therapy. we measured urinary leukotriene e4 (lte4) in infants with rsv bronchiolitis in comparison with controls without respiratory infection, and investigated whether medical and family hist ... | 2005 | 16106356 |
| rehospitalization of extremely low birth weight (elbw) infants: are there racial/ethnic disparities? | premature infants are at increased risk for rehospitalization after discharge from the hospital. racial disparities are known to exist in pediatric health care. | 2005 | 16107873 |
| characterization of viral agents causing acute respiratory infection in a san francisco university medical center clinic during the influenza season. | with use of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and a centrifugation-enhanced viral culture method, we characterized the viruses causing acute respiratory infection in adults during an influenza season. | 2005 | 16107980 |
| acute bronchiolitis in infancy as risk factor for wheezing and reduced pulmonary function by seven years in akershus county, norway. | acute viral bronchiolitis is one of the most common causes of hospitalisation during infancy in our region with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) historically being the major causative agent. many infants with early-life rsv bronchiolitis have sustained bronchial hyperreactivity for many years after hospitalisation and the reasons for this are probably multifactorial. the principal aim of the present study was to investigate if children hospitalised for any acute viral bronchiolitis during infan ... | 2005 | 16109158 |
| antiviral efficacy of vp14637 against respiratory syncytial virus in vitro and in cotton rats following delivery by small droplet aerosol. | vp14637, the lead compound in a series of substituted bis-tetrazole-benzhydrylphenols developed by viropharma incorporated, was evaluated for antiviral efficacy against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in vitro in cell culture and in vivo in cotton rats. a selective index of >3000 (> or =2000 times greater than that observed for ribavirin) was determined in the in vitro studies for this compound against both rsv a and b subtypes. in cotton rats, animals given as little as 126 microg drug/kg by ... | 2005 | 16112208 |
| pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in the murine model. | there is a wide spectrum of illness caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection that is caused in large part by host-related factors, such as age of the patient and degree of host immunocompetency. although the vast majority of persons infected with rsv experience symptoms of mild upper respiratory tract infection, in some people these infections cause significant morbidity and are sometimes fatal. although a great deal of investigation in both humans and animals has explained the timi ... | 2005 | 16113477 |
| antiviral immune responses and lung inflammation after respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the commonest and most troublesome viruses of infancy. it causes most cases of bronchiolitis, which is associated with wheezing in later childhood. in primary infection, the peak of disease coincides not with the peak of viral replication but with the development of specific t and b cell responses. this immune response is apparently responsible for much of the disease. animal models clearly show that a range of immune responses can enhance disease seve ... | 2005 | 16113479 |
| respiratory syncytial virus and t cells: interplay between the virus and the host adaptive immune system. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of morbidity in young infants and is increasingly recognized as an important cause of serious illness/morbidity in the elderly. this agent has also been implicated both in the etiopathogenesis of asthma/airway hyperreactivity and in the exacerbation of wheezing episodes in individuals with asthma. this review deals with our current knowledge of the host adaptive immune response to rsv, focusing on the interaction of the virus with t lymphocytes. ... | 2005 | 16113482 |
| cytokines and respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a single-stranded negative sense rna virus in the paramyxovirus family that is a major cause of morbidity and life-threatening lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children worldwide. rsv is recognized as a ubiquitous virus having considerable worldwide disease burden. studies investigating the immune response and disease pathogenesis associated with infection attribute the interplay of the virus with host factors, particularly cytokines and c ... | 2005 | 16113483 |
| new generation live vaccines against human respiratory syncytial virus designed by reverse genetics. | development of a live pediatric vaccine against human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is complicated by the need to immunize young infants and the difficulty in balancing attenuation and immunogenicity. the ability to introduce desired mutations into infectious virus by reverse genetics provides a method for identifying and designing highly defined attenuating mutations. these can be introduced in combinations as desired to achieve gradations of attenuation. attenuation is based on several str ... | 2005 | 16113487 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-related bronchiolitis in puerto rico. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important cause of respiratory tract disease in infants and young children. immunoprophylaxis is available for high-risk infants. this study reviews infants with bronchiolitis at three primary care hospitals to describe the epidemiology of rsv infection in puerto rico. | 2005 | 16116931 |
| pulmonary infections after bone marrow transplantation: high-resolution ct findings in 111 patients. | the purpose of this study was to review the high-resolution ct findings in patients with pulmonary infection after bone marrow transplantation and to determine distinguishing features among the various types of infection. | 2005 | 16120907 |
| intragroup antigenic diversity of human respiratory syncytial virus (group a) isolated in argentina and chile. | the intragroup antigenic diversity of the g glycoprotein of 226 human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) strains isolated in buenos aires (argentina) and santiago (chile) between 1995 and 2002 was evaluated by elisa with a panel of 14 anti-g monoclonal antibodies (mabs). out of 226 strains characterized, 172 (76%) belonged to group a and 54 (24%) to group b. strains from both groups cocirculated throughout the study period in both countries, except in 1996, 2000, and 2002 when only group a strai ... | 2005 | 16121383 |
| symptomatic respiratory syncytial virus infection in previously healthy young adults living in a crowded military environment. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is a potentially important cause of acute respiratory illness in many populations, including military recruits receiving basic training. understanding the full impact of rsv infection is challenging because of difficulties in diagnosis and the limitations of past epidemiologic studies. in this study, we set out to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of rsv infection and infection caused by other common viral agents in a population of ... | 2005 | 16007526 |
| the beta2 integrin cd11c distinguishes a subset of cytotoxic pulmonary t cells with potent antiviral effects in vitro and in vivo. | the integrin cd11c is known as a marker for dendritic cells and has recently been described on t cells following lymphotropic choriomeningitis virus infection, a systemic infection affecting a multitude of organs. here, we characterise cd11c bearing t cells in a murine model of localised pulmonary infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). | 2005 | 16011799 |
| expression of interleukin-4 by recombinant respiratory syncytial virus is associated with accelerated inflammation and a nonfunctional cytotoxic t-lymphocyte response following primary infection but not following challenge with wild-type virus. | the outcome of a viral infection or of immunization with a vaccine can be influenced by the local cytokine environment. in studies of experimental vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), an increased stimulation of th2 (t helper 2) lymphocytes was associated with increased immunopathology upon subsequent rsv infection. for this study, we investigated the effect of increased local expression of the th2 cytokine interleukin-4 (il-4) from the genome of a recombinant rsv following primar ... | 2005 | 16014914 |
| carriers for the delivery of a vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in young children and the elderly. despite its clinical importance, there is no licensed vaccine available at present. vaccine development has been hampered by observations of increased pathology after rsv infection in infants vaccinated with formalin-inactivated rsv; incomplete immunity following natural infection; and the need to be effective during the neonatal period when levels of maternal antibody are high. f ... | 2005 | 16018739 |
| immune responses and disease enhancement during respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the commonest and most troublesome viruses of infancy. it causes most cases of bronchiolitis, which is associated with wheezing in later childhood. in primary infection, the peak of disease typically coincides with the development of specific t- and b-cell responses, which seem, in large part, to be responsible for disease. animal models clearly show that a range of immune responses can enhance disease severity, particularly after vaccination with form ... | 2005 | 16020689 |
| [an epidemiological study of respiratory syncytial virus infection in yokohama, japan for five years]. | the epidemiologic features of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection were investigated by detecting the virus in throat swab specimens from patients with acute respiratory symptoms attending the sentinel surveillance clinics in yokohama city in 5 seasons from july 1998 to june 2003. throughout the 5 seasons, rsv was found from 181 in 2683 specimens tested (6.7%) by virus isolation in cell culture or genome detection using nested rt-pcr, and this detection rate followed that of influenza vir ... | 2005 | 16022475 |
| nucleic acid binding property of the gene products of rice stripe virus. | gst fusion proteins of the six gene products from rnas 2,3 and 4 of the tenuivirus, rice stripe virus (rsv), were used to study the nucleic acid binding activities in vitro. three of the proteins, p3, pc3 and pc4, bound both single- and double-stranded cdna of rsv rna4 and also rna3 transcribed from its cdna clone, while p2, pc2-n (the n-terminal part of pc2) nor p4 bound the cdna or rna transcript. the binding activity of p3 is located in the carboxyl-terminus amino acid 154-194, which contains ... | 2005 | 16025246 |
| detection and localization of rice stripe virus gene products in vivo. | the genome of the tenuivirus, rice stripe virus (rsv) comprises four rnas, the smallest three of which each contain two open reading frames (orfs) arranged in an ambisense manner. the expression of the orfs from rnas 2-4 in plants and the insect vector, laodelphax striatellus, was studied using antisera raised against the gene products. in western blotting of the proteins from infected plants, the molecular masses of p2, p3, pc3 (nucleocapsid protein, n) and p4 (major non-structural protein, ncp ... | 2005 | 16025247 |
| thrombocytosis at an early stage of respiratory tract viral infection. | to determine whether thrombocytosis, a platelet count of more than 500 x 10(9)/l, occurs at an early stage of respiratory tract viral infection. | 2005 | 16028657 |
| detection of respiratory syncytial virus genome by subgroups-a, b specific reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp). | annual seasonal outbreaks of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection occur every winter. most patients are diagnosed clinically by a rapid detection kit for rsv protein(s) from nasopharyngeal secretion (nps), but some problems have been reported on the specificity and sensitivity of such rapid detection kits. to ratify these issues, a sensitive, specific, simple, and rapid molecular based diagnostic method is expected to be introduced and we have developed a method to detect the rsv genome o ... | 2005 | 16032744 |
| the enhancement or prevention of airway hyperresponsiveness during reinfection with respiratory syncytial virus is critically dependent on the age at first infection and il-13 production. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in early life is suspected to play a role in the development of post-bronchiolitis wheezing and asthma. reinfection is common at all ages, but factors that determine the development of altered airway function after reinfection are not well understood. this study was conducted in a mouse model to define the role of age in determining the consequences on airway function after reinfection. mice were infected shortly after birth or at weaning and were rein ... | 2005 | 16034131 |
| recombinant sendai virus as a novel vaccine candidate for respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is among the most important and serious pediatric respiratory diseases, and yet after more than four decades of research an effective vaccine is still unavailable. this review examines the role of the immune response in reducing disease severity; considers the history of rsv vaccine development; and advocates the potential utility of sendai virus (a murine paramyxovirus) as a xenogenic vaccine vector for the delivery of rsv antigens. the immunogenicity and prote ... | 2005 | 16035938 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in elderly adults. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is now recognised as a significant problem in elderly adults. epidemiological evidence indicates the impact of rsv in older adults may be similar to non-pandemic influenza, both in the community and in long-term care facilities. attack rates in nursing homes are approximately 5-10% per year with significant rates of pneumonia (10-20%) and death (2-5%). estimates using us health care databases and viral surveillance results over a 9-year period indicate ... | 2005 | 16038573 |
| few but severe viral infections in children with cancer: a prospective rt-pcr and pcr-based 12-month study. | treatment of low-risk febrile episodes with oral administered antibiotics at home is a new approach in pediatric oncology and protective isolation is loosened in more centers. the impact of viral respiratory infections in febrile diseases in this population is still unclear in terms of occurrence and morbidity. | 2005 | 16047356 |
| activity and regulation of alpha interferon in respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus experimental infections. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) cause a similar spectrum of respiratory infections in humans. classified within the paramyxoviridae family, pneumovirinae subfamily, rsv and hmpv present a significant degree of divergence in genome constellation, organization, and protein sequences. rsv has been reported to be a poor inducer of alpha/beta interferons (ifn-alpha/beta) and partially resistant to its antiviral activity. the nature of the innate immune response to h ... | 2005 | 16051812 |
| a chimeric respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein functionally replaces the f and hn glycoproteins in recombinant sendai virus. | entry of most paramyxoviruses is accomplished by separate attachment and fusion proteins that function in a cooperative manner. because of this close interdependence, it was not possible with most paramyxoviruses to replace either of the two protagonists by envelope glycoproteins from related paramyxoviruses. by using reverse genetics of sendai virus (sev), we demonstrate that chimeric respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion proteins containing either the cytoplasmic domain of the sev fusion pr ... | 2005 | 16051839 |
| effects of rsv infection on pulmonary surfactant protein sp-a in cultured human type ii cells: contrasting consequences on sp-a mrna and protein. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of serious lower respiratory illness in infants and children. surfactant proteins a (sp-a) and d (sp-d) play critical roles in lung defense against rsv infections. alterations in surfactant protein homeostasis in the lung may result from changes in production, metabolism, or uptake of the protein within the lung. we hypothesized that rsv infection of the type ii cell, the primary source of surfactant protein, may alter surfactant prot ... | 2005 | 16055477 |
| 2-5a antisense treatment of respiratory syncytial virus. | although a prominent cause of upper and lower respiratory tract disease in infants and the elderly, clinical options for treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections remain limited. historically, attempts to develop vaccines have been unsuccessful, and rapid viral mutation rates have stifled development of several small molecule-based antiviral agents. thus, targeted approaches to block rsv replication, including humanized monoclonal antibodies and nucleic acid-based strategies (ant ... | 2005 | 16081320 |
| teenage asthma after severe early childhood wheezing: an 11-year prospective follow-up. | the role of factors related to early wheezing and their associations with subsequent development of asthma are controversial. we reevaluated 81 children who had been prospectively followed up since hospitalization for wheezing at less than 2 years of age. the baseline data on characteristics of the children, family-related factors, and viral causes of wheezing were collected on entry into the study. at the median age of 12.3 years, current symptoms suggestive of asthma and allergy were recorded. ... | 2005 | 16082689 |
| relationship between atopic status and nasal interleukin 10 and 11 levels in infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | interleukin 10 (il-10) and il-11 are known to have anti-inflammatory activities, and they have been implicated in the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. | 2005 | 15765744 |
| in vivo selection of respiratory syncytial viruses resistant to palivizumab. | palivizumab (pz) is the only monoclonal antibody currently available for use in humans against an infectious disease. pz is administered prophylactically for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections. rsv selected in cell culture for growth in the presence of pz develops f gene mutations and can be resistant to pz prophylaxis in cotton rats. here, we evaluated the potential for pz-resistant rsv mutants to arise in vivo. cotton rats were immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide, administered pz, ... | 2005 | 15767398 |
| modulation of protective immunity, eosinophilia, and cytokine responses by selective mutagenesis of a recombinant g protein vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus. | using an escherichia coli-grown plasmid vector encoding a fragment of thioredoxin (trx) fused to a central region (amino acids 128 to 229) of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) (long strain) g protein, we employed site-directed mutagenesis to investigate the importance of selected amino acids to vaccine efficacy. mice were immunized with a total of 10 wild-type or mutant trx-g proteins and challenged intranasally with rsv. striking differences in the induction of rsv g-protein-specific antibo ... | 2005 | 15767454 |
| overview of bronchiolitis. | respiratory syncytial virus rsv, a nonsegmented, single stranded ribonucleic acid virus, infects one-half of all infants within the first year of life. respiratory syncytial virus possesses pathogenetic qualities that may be attributed to the interplay of viral and host-specific factors including virus strains of different virulence, size of the inoculum, family history of asthma or airway hyper-reactivity and immunologic anomalies of the host. inflammatory cell recruitment and activation occur ... | 2005 | 15770289 |
| neutrophil-mediated inflammation in respiratory syncytial viral bronchiolitis. | the involvement of neutrophil-mediated inflammation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. however, no measurable marker is sensitive enough to assess neutrophil-mediated inflammation in the airways. released neutrophil elastase (ne) in intraluminal airways has been reported to induce pulmonary inflammation. the aim of this study was to determine whether the amount of urinary trypsin inhibitor (uti) in serum, a degenerate induced by ne, ... | 2005 | 15771699 |
| effect of respiratory syncytial virus on apnea in weanling rats. | apnea is a common complication of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in young infants. the purpose of this study was to determine whether this infection affects apnea triggered by sensorineural stimulation in weanling rats. we also studied which neurotransmitters are involved in this response and whether passive prophylaxis with a specific neutralizing antibody (palivizumab) confers protection against it. weanling rats were inoculated intranasally with rsv, adenovirus, or virus-free med ... | 2005 | 15774838 |
| production of chemokines in the lungs of infants with severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis in infants is characterized by a massive neutrophilic infiltrate into the airways. chemokines direct migration of leukocytes and contribute to the pathogenesis of rsv disease. however, little is known about pulmonary chemokine responses to rsv in humans. our aim was to characterize the production of chemokines in the lungs of infants with rsv bronchiolitis and how this production changes over time. | 2005 | 15776367 |
| respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection induces cyclooxygenase 2: a potential target for rsv therapy. | cyclooxygenases (coxs) are rate-limiting enzymes that initiate the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostanoids. cox-2 is the inducible isoform that is up-regulated by proinflammatory agents, initiating many prostanoid-mediated pathological aspects of inflammation. the roles of cyclooxygenases and their products, pgs, have not been evaluated during respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. in this study we demonstrate that cox-2 is induced by rsv infection of human lung alveolar epithelial c ... | 2005 | 15778400 |
| seasonality and clinical features of human metapneumovirus infection in children in northern alberta. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) causes respiratory tract infections in all age groups. the characteristics of pediatric hmpv infection in northern alberta have not been studied. the objectives of this study were to determine the seasonality of pediatric hmpv infections over a 13-month period, the genetic relationship of hmpv isolates to hmpv detected in other parts of canada, and the burden of illness and possible risk factors for pediatric hmpv hospitalization. detection of hmpv by polymerase chai ... | 2005 | 15778961 |
| the respiratory syncytial virus small hydrophobic protein is phosphorylated via a mitogen-activated protein kinase p38-dependent tyrosine kinase activity during virus infection. | the phosphorylation status of the small hydrophobic (sh) protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was examined in virus-infected vero cells. the sh protein was isolated from [35s]methionine- and [33p]orthophosphate-labelled rsv-infected cells and analysed by sds-page. in each case, a protein product of the expected size for the sh protein was observed. phosphoamino acid analysis and reactivity with the phosphotyrosine specific antibody py20 showed that the sh protein was modified by tyrosine ... | 2005 | 15659757 |
| fever without apparent source on clinical examination. | this review discusses recent literature that has focused on the epidemiology, clinical and laboratory evaluation and treatment of episodes of acute illnesses associated with fever and also of prolonged episodes of fever in children. | 2005 | 15659971 |
| office pediatrics: current issues in lower respiratory infections in children. | recent estimates indicate that 1.9 million children worldwide die each year from acute respiratory illnesses, many of which are lower respiratory infections (lris). global threats from indoor and outdoor air pollution, urban crowding, biologic weapons, and worldwide rapid transportation complicate our efforts to reduce the impact of lri disease in children. as new strategies are developed to limit the spread of lri disease in children, existing pathogens become more complex to treat and newer pa ... | 2005 | 15659972 |
| studies on in vivo gene transfer in pituitary tumors using herpes-derived and adenoviral vectors. | suicide gene therapy has met limited success for the treatment of rat pituitary tumors. in order to determine the cause of primary pituitary tumor resistance to suicide gene therapy, we studied the transgene expression of an adenoviral (ad.rsv.beta gal.nls) and a herpes simplex virus-derived (tsk/beta-gal) vector, both harboring the beta-galactosidase reporter gene in rat prolactinomas. rats carrying experimental prolactinomas received bilateral 1 microl intrapituitary injections of either salin ... | 2005 | 15680541 |