Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [epidemiology and clinical features of acute hepatitis a: from the domestic perspective]. | acute viral hepatitis a has recently become a major public health problem in korea, and the incidence of symptomatic hepatitis a is growing rapidly. with improvements in socioeconomic conditions and environmental hygiene, the chances of exposure to hepatitis a virus (hav) during childhood have decreased and, in turn, the proportion of young adults with positive anti-hav has significantly decreased. this has led to the incidence of symptomatic acute hepatitis a increasing since the late 1990s. th ... | 2009 | 20037262 |
| current status of liver diseases in korea: hepatitis a. | the seroprevalence of anti-hav (hepatitis a virus) has been decreasing in korea. the decrease in hav infection in young adults has resulted in the reduction of individuals with protective antibody and an increase in hepatitis a in the adult population. the increase in hav infection in adults will have an impact on the magnitude and severity of the disease. in korea, symptomatic hepatitis a has been gradually increasing since the mid-1990s, with a tendency toward an increase in mean age and disea ... | 2009 | 20037282 |
| early treatment with n-acetylcysteine in children with acute liver failure secondary to hepatitis a. | hepatitis a virus can evolve to acute liver failure with a fatal outcome if it is not reversed. | 2009 | 20009135 |
| [hepatitis a in europe today: epidemiology and prevention]. | the susceptibility to hepatitis a virus infection is growing among the european population and many hepatitis outbreaks have been described in 2004-2008. the change in epidemiological characteristics observed in the last decades has to be taken in account in issuing specific recommendations about the use of the vaccine in pre and post exposure prophylaxis. | 2009 | 20010987 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus in patients with chronic liver disease from kerala: impact on vaccination policy. | hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccination is recommended worldwide for patients with chronic liver disease to prevent decompensation due to superinfection with hav. there are recent reports of decline in hav seroprevalence in developing countries, where hepatitis a was considered hyperendemic. this phenomenon would have implication on policy of hepatitis a vaccination in chronic liver disease in our region. the aim of the study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of hav antibodies in patients with chro ... | 2009 | 20509469 |
| comparison of hepatitis a seroprevalence in blood donors in south tunisia between 2000 and 2007. | the aim of the study was to assess hepatitis a virus (hav) seroprevalence in blood donors from south tunisia in two periods 2000 and 2007. serum samples collected from 376 blood donors in each period aged 18 to 30 years from different regions of south tunisia were analysed for anti-hav igg. the global seroprevalence of hav infection was 85.9% in 2007 as compared with 94.9% in 2000. the seroprevalence in the 18-20 years age group was 91.9% in 2000 vs 80.6% in 2007, and increased to 99% in 2000 an ... | 2009 | 20707222 |
| non-hepatic insults are common acute precipitants in patients with acute on chronic liver failure (aclf). | acute-on-chronic liver failure (aclf) is a newly coined term to describe simultaneous coexistence of two liver conditions, one of them being chronic or long-standing and the other acute or recent. there is limited data on the entity of aclf. this study was performed to review our experience in aclf patients from a tertiary care centre. | 2010 | 20721624 |
| hepatitis a virus seroprevalence by age and world region, 1990 and 2005. | to estimate current age-specific rates of immunity to hepatitis a virus (hav) in world regions by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data. the estimation of the global burden of hepatitis a and policies for public health control are dependent on an understanding of the changing epidemiology of this viral infection. | 2010 | 20723630 |
| seroepidemiology of a second epidemic of hepatitis e in a population that had recorded first epidemic 30 years before and has been under surveillance since then. | large-scale waterborne epidemics of hepatitis e occur in developing countries. it is not known why these epidemics occur repeatedly and selectively in adult population? | 2010 | 20827406 |
| predicted 30-year protection after vaccination with an aluminum-free virosomal hepatitis a vaccine. | few studies have examined the duration of protection following vaccination against hepatitis a virus (hav) with currently licensed hav vaccines. this study explored the long-term immunogenicity in individuals vaccinated with the virosomal hepatitis a virus, epaxal. adult volunteers (n = 130) previously enrolled into four different studies between 1992 and 1994 and who had completed a 0/12-month immunization regimen (primary and booster dose) were asked to participate in this follow-up study. yea ... | 2010 | 20827757 |
| seroepidemiology of hepatitis a and hepatitis e viruses in aden, yemen. | the burden of hepatitis a (hav) and hepatitis e (hev) infection is unknown in aden, yemen. this survey describes the prevalence of antibodies against hav and hev among individuals attending primary health care facilities in aden, yemen. five hundred and thirty eight participants, stratified by age and district population size, were enrolled and screened for anti-hav and 356 for anti-hev antibodies. the age-standardized seroprevalence of antibodies was 86.6% (95% ci 83.7-89.5) for anti-hav and 10 ... | 2010 | 20828772 |
| molecular characterization of hepatitis a virus isolates from environmental and clinical samples in greece. | hepatitis a virus (hav) strains detected in environmental and clinical samples were analysed to characterize the genotypes of hav circulating in greece. fifty (50) sewage samples were collected from patras (south-western greece) and alexandroupolis (north-eastern greece) from 2007 until 2009, accordingly. the clinical samples derived from an hav outbreak involved populations from three neighbouring prefectures of north-eastern greece (xanthi, rodopi, and evros). hav particles were detected by ne ... | 2010 | 20846383 |
| vaccine preventable diseases in returned international travelers: results from the geosentinel surveillance network. | vaccine preventable diseases (vpds) threaten international travelers, but little is known about their epidemiology in this group. we analyzed records of 37,542 ill returned travelers entered into the geosentinel surveillance network database. among 580 (1.5%) with vpds, common diagnoses included enteric fever (n=276), acute viral hepatitis (n=148), and influenza (n=70). factors associated with s. typhi included vfr travel (p<0.016) to south central asia (p<0.001). business travel was associated ... | 2010 | 20851081 |
| expression of the c-terminal orf2 protein of duck astrovirus for application in a serological test. | duck astrovirus (dastv) is an important pathogen causing duck viral hepatitis (dvh), a highly contagious and fatal disease in young ducklings. to provide an antigen for a diagnostic serum test, the c-terminus of dastv orf2 protein was expressed in escherichia coli. four positive and 30 negative sera were used to validate the purified orf2 protein by developing an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). no cross-reactions were found against other duck pathogens, including duck hepatit ... | 2010 | 20863856 |
| removal of escherichia coli, enterococcus fecalis, coliphage ms2, poliovirus, and hepatitis a virus from oysters (crassostrea virginica) and hard shell clams (mercinaria mercinaria) by depuration. | filter-feeding bivalve mollusks (shellfish) can bioaccumulate pathogenic microorganisms in up to 1000-fold higher levels than overlying waters, and therefore disease risks are associated with consuming raw or partially cooked shellfish. many of these shellfish-borne diseases are due to enteric bacteria and viruses associated with fecal contamination. to control shellfish-borne diseases, guidelines for shellfish harvest waters and shellfish meat have been devised, which include cleansing of conta ... | 2010 | 20864199 |
| helicobacter pylori infection in mother and infant pairs in anatolia. | the aim of this prospective study was to determine the seroprevalence rates of helicobacter pylori in mother and infant pairs and to discuss the possible fecal-oral transmission route of helicobacter pylori infection in the early years of life. | 2010 | 20872322 |
| hepatitis a virus genetic diversity in venezuela: exclusive circulation of subgenotype ia and evidence of quasispecies distribution in the isolates. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is highly prevalent in latin america, including venezuela. subgenotype ia seems to circulate in an almost exclusive fashion, except in brazil. the aim of this study was the molecular characterization of the hav infection in venezuela, in order to characterize the circulating strains and to analyze the presence of quasispecies in sporadic cases and an epidemic outbreak. a total of 125 (113 sera and 12 feces) samples positive for anti-hav igm from sporadic cases a ... | 2010 | 20872708 |
| reversible splenial lesion in adult hepatitis a virus associated encephalopathy. | 2010 | 20873459 | |
| spatiotemporal dynamics of viral hepatitis a in italy. | viral hepatitis a is still common in italy, especially in southern regions. in this study, a metapopulation model for hepatitis a virus (hav) transmission is proposed and analyzed. analytical results on the asymptotic and transient behaviors of the system are carried out. based on the available italian movement data, a national spatial contact matrix at the regional level, which could be used for new studies on the transmission dynamics of other infectious diseases, is derived for modeling fluxe ... | 2010 | 20883708 |
| hemophagocytic syndrome in a patient with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis secondary to hepatitis a virus infection. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is generally a self-limited disease, but the infection in adults can be serious, to be often complicated by acute kidney injury (aki) and rarely by virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (vahs). our patient, a 48-yr-old man, was diagnosed with hav infection complicated by dialysis-dependent aki. his kidney biopsy showed acute tubulointerstitial nephritis with massive infiltration of activated macrophages and t cells, and he progressively demonstrated features ... | 2010 | 20890439 |
| a randomized clinical trial of immunization with combined hepatitis a and b versus hepatitis b alone for hepatitis b seroprotection in hemodialysis patients. | the centers for disease control and prevention recommend immunizing susceptible high-risk groups, such as hemodialysis patients, against hepatitis b virus. however, hemodialysis patients may not develop seroprotective antibodies despite receiving high doses of the vaccine. recent reports indicate that combined vaccination against hepatitis b and hepatitis a viruses may improve the immunogenicity of hepatitis b vaccine in healthy individuals, but the effectiveness of this strategy in hemodialysis ... | 2010 | 20630640 |
| nucleotide variability and translation efficiency of the 5' untranslated region of hepatitis a virus: update from clinical isolates associated with mild and severe hepatitis. | mutations in the internal ribosome entry site (ires) of hepatitis a virus (hav) have been associated with enhanced in vitro replication and viral attenuation in animal models. to address the possible role of ires variability in clinical presentation, ires sequences were obtained from hav isolates associated with benign (n = 8) or severe (n = 4) hepatitis. ires activity was assessed using a bicistronic dual-luciferase expression system in adenocarcinoma (hela) and hepatoma (huh7) cell lines. acti ... | 2010 | 20631141 |
| evaluation of an immunochromatographic assay for the detection of anti-hepatitis a virus igm. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is a causative agent of acute hepatitis, which is transmitted by person-to-person contact and via the faecal-oral route. acute hav infection is usually confirmed by anti-hav igm detection. in order to detect anti-hav igm in the serum of patients infected with hav, we developed a rapid assay based on immunochromatography (ica) and evaluated the sensitivity of this assay by comparing it with a commercial microparticle enzyme immunoassay (meia) that is widely used for serolo ... | 2010 | 20637129 |
| impact of a statewide childhood vaccine program in controlling hepatitis a virus infections in alaska. | historically, alaska experienced cyclic hepatitis a virus (hav) epidemics, and the hav rate among alaska native people was significantly higher than among other racial/ethnic groups. we evaluated the impact of universal childhood vaccination, initiated in 1996, on hav epidemiology in alaska by analyzing hav cases reported to the state of alaska. hav incidence in all age groups declined 98.6% from 60.0/100,000 in 1972-1995 to 0.9/100,000 in 2002-2007. the largest decrease (99.9%) was in alaska na ... | 2010 | 20637769 |
| rna extraction method for the pcr detection of hepatitis a virus in shellfish. | viruses are the leading cause of foodborne illness associated with the consumption of raw or slightly-cooked contaminated shellfish. this study evaluated the e.z.n.a. mollusc rna extraction and purification kit for the detection of hav in shellfish. the e.z.n.a. method, based on the cationic detergent, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, in conjunction with a selective rna binding silica matrix, efficiently isolated viral rna with a detection limit of 1tcid(50)/ml by hemi-nested pcr. this method pr ... | 2010 | 20638741 |
| use of a mixture of surrogates for infectious bioagents in a standard approach to assessing disinfection of environmental surfaces. | we used a mixture of surrogates (acinetobacter baumannii, mycobacterium terrae, hepatitis a virus, and spores of geobacillus stearothermophilus) for bioagents in a standardized approach to test environmental surface disinfectants. each carrier containing 10 microl of mixture received 50 microl of a test chemical or saline at 22 +/- 2 degrees c. disinfectant efficacy criteria were > or = 6 log(10) reduction for the bacteria and the spores and > or = 3 log(10) reduction for the virus. peracetic ac ... | 2010 | 20639366 |
| [hepatitis a vaccination three days before departure to eastern europe?]. | vaccination against hepatitis a is indicated for travellers who visit areas with a high exposure to this type of virus. beside tropical areas an active vaccination is indicated for the whole mediterranean area and eastern europe. this active vaccination is effective even short before departure due to the long incubation period of hepatitis a. | 2010 | 20687463 |
| control of hepatitis a by universal vaccination of children and adolescents: an achieved goal or a deferred appointment? | temporal trends of hepatitis a cases and vaccination coverage data against hepatitis a virus have been investigated to analyse the impact of the universal routine vaccination strategy more than 10 years from its introduction in puglia (region of southern italy). the basic reproductive number (r(0)) before vaccination introduction and the effective reproductive number (r(e)) after introduction have been calculated. a progressive decrease in incidence has been recorded in puglia during last 10 yea ... | 2010 | 20688041 |
| a predictive microbiology approach for thermal inactivation of hepatitis a virus in acidified berries. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is a food-borne enteric virus responsible for outbreaks of hepatitis associated with consumption of raw vegetables. soft fruits, such as red berries, exposed to faecal contamination are increasingly responsible for collective food-borne illnesses associated with hav, when eaten raw or used in unprocessed foods. heat is the most effective measure for the inactivation of hav. thermal treatments are used on fruits as a decontamination method, but they have to be adapted to p ... | 2010 | 20688239 |
| quantification of enteric viruses, pathogen indicators, and salmonella bacteria in class b anaerobically digested biosolids by culture and molecular methods. | the most common class b biosolids in the united states are generated by mesophilic anaerobic digestion (mad), and mad biosolids have been used for land application. however, the pathogen levels in mad biosolids are still unclear, especially with respect to enteric viruses. in this study, we determined the occurrence and the quantitative levels of enteric viruses and indicators in 12 mad biosolid samples and of salmonella enterica in 6 mad biosolid samples. three dewatered biosolid samples were a ... | 2010 | 20693452 |
| assessment of adenovirus, hepatitis a virus and rotavirus presence in environmental samples in florianopolis, south brazil. | to assess the presence of human adenovirus (hadv), hepatitis a (hav) virus and rotavirus a (rv-a) in environmental samples from the southern region of brazil and to provide viral contamination data for further epidemiological studies and governmental actions. | 2010 | 20698910 |
| [analysis on epidemiological and serum effect after vaccination of hepatitis a vaccine (hepa)]. | to implement hepa vaccination and analyze epidemiological and serum effect. | 2010 | 20726266 |
| [epidemiological and molecular biological analysis of causes of rise of hepatitis a incidence in republic of tuva in 2008]. | analysis of hepatitis a (ha) incidence in tyva republic in 2008 exploiting traditional epidemiological and molecular methods. | 2010 | 20737681 |
| assessing the risk of a community outbreak of hepatitis a on blood safety in latvia, 2008. | post-transfusion hepatitis a virus (hav) infection worldwide is considered a sporadic event. an outbreak of hav infection occurred in latvia between the end of 2007 and throughout 2008 with more than 2,800 confirmed cases reported over a 13-month period (incidence of 123 per 100,000 population). the majority of reported hav infection cases were in people over 18 years of age and in people living in the capitalcity, riga. we estimated that the crude risk for hav contamination of whole blood suppl ... | 2010 | 20739001 |
| sentinel surveillance for patients with acute hepatitis in egypt, 2001-04. | viral hepatitis is a major problem in egypt. to define the epidemiology of the disease, sentinel surveillance was established in 5 hospitals in diverse areas of the country in 2001. data were completed for patients meeting the case definition for viral hepatitis. of a total of 5909 patients evaluated, 4189 (70.9%) showed positive antibody markers for hepatitis. out of those, 40.2% had evidence of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection, 30.0% hepatitis b virus (hbv) and 29.8% hepatitis c virus (hcv) i ... | 2010 | 20799563 |
| assessing the stirr model of best practices for blood-borne infections of clients with severe mental illness. | people with co-occurring severe mental illness and a substance use disorder are at markedly elevated risk of infection from hiv, hepatitis b virus (hbv), and hepatitis c virus (hcv), but they generally do not receive basic recommended screening or preventive and treatment services. barriers to services include lack of programs offered by mental health providers and client refusal of available services. clients from racial-ethnic minority groups are even less likely to accept recommended services ... | 2010 | 20810586 |
| [sybr green i real-time polymerase chain reaction for detection of norovirus ii in the shellfish]. | we set up an sybr green i real-time rt-pcr method for the detection of genogroup ii norovirus, and this method's primers were encompassed the conservative region of norovirus ii. the limit of the detection was 10(2) copies. the standard curve's linear range was 10(2)-10(6) copies, correlation coefficient was 0.9952, the slope was -2.982, and the intercept was 35.84. this method possessed specificity for genogroup ii norovirus, without any cross-reaction with rotavirus, adenovirus, hepatitis a vi ... | 2010 | 20815263 |
| inhibitory effects on hav ires-mediated translation and replication by a combination of amantadine and interferon-alpha. | hepatitis a virus (hav) causes acute hepatitis and sometimes leads to fulminant hepatitis. amantadine is a tricyclic symmetric amine that inhibits the replication of many dna and rna viruses. amantadine was reported to suppress hav replication, and the efficacy of amantadine was exhibited in its inhibition of the internal ribosomal entry site (ires) activities of hav. interferon (ifn) also has an antiviral effect through the induction of ifn stimulated genes (isg) and the degradation of viral rn ... | 2010 | 20815893 |
| european survey of hepatitis b vaccination policies for healthcare workers. | the risk of transmission of hepatitis b virus (hbv) to healthcare workers (hcws) is well known. under current european union (eu) legislation, all employers should perform a risk assessment to identify those exposed to hbv and offer vaccination. immunization should happen early after the start of their career to avoid infection and development of carrier status. | 2010 | 20817688 |
| role of cd4 count in immunity development after hepatitis a and b vaccination among hiv-infected patients: kentucky, 2002-2007. | to determine whether lower prevaccination cd4 counts decrease odds of immune development against hepatitis a virus/hepatitis b virus (hav/hbv) among patients who receive the vaccine and examine the relationship between vaccine response and sex, race/ethnicity, health insurance status, tobacco use, substance abuse, or comorbidities. | 2010 | 20530473 |
| prevalence- and gender-specific immune response to opportunistic infections in hiv-infected patients in lesotho. | the objective of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of coinfecting viruses and treponema pallidum (t. pallidum) in a cohort of 205 antiretrovirally treated hiv-infected individuals (152 females and 53 males, aged: 19-71 years) in rural lesotho. furthermore agent-specific immune responses were investigated by analyzing antibody titers against herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) and against t. pallidum. | 2010 | 20531031 |
| determinants in 3dpol modulate the rate of growth of hepatitis a virus. | hepatitis a virus (hav), an atypical member of the picornaviridae, grows poorly in cell culture. to define determinants of hav growth, we introduced a blasticidin (bsd) resistance gene into the virus genome and selected variants that grew at high concentrations of bsd. the mutants grew fast and had increased rates of rna replication and translation but did not produce significantly higher virus yields. nucleotide sequence analysis and reverse genetic studies revealed that a t6069g change resulti ... | 2010 | 20534860 |
| fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus associated with acute hepatitis a. | 2010 | 20536504 | |
| seroepidemiology of hepatitis a virus in children of different age groups in tehran, iran: implications for health policy. | hepatitis a is one of the most frequently reported vaccine-preventable diseases throughout the world and remains endemic in many areas. studies in various communities have shown that hepatitis a virus (hav) prevalence rises with age. the current data regarding hepatitis a epidemiology in iran is limited. the aim of this study was to determine the seroepidemiology of hepatitis a in children of different age groups in tehran, iran. | 2010 | 20541138 |
| low-dose irradiation improves microbial quality and shelf life of fresh mint (mentha piperita l.) without compromising visual quality. | the effects of low-dose irradiation (0.25 to 2 kgy) and postirradiation storage (at 4 degrees c) on microbial and visual quality, color values (l*, a*, b*, chroma, and hue [ degrees ]), and chlorophyll content (chl a, chl b, and total chl) of fresh mint were evaluated. samples inoculated with e. coli o157:h7, salmonella, and ms2 bacteriophage were irradiated and evaluated. e. coli o157:h7 and salmonella populations were reduced by 2 to 2.4, 3.5, and 5.8 log cfu/g, respectively, 1 d after treatme ... | 2010 | 20546414 |
| the hepatitis b virus x protein disrupts innate immunity by downregulating mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein. | previous studies have shown that both hepatitis a virus and hepatitis c virus inhibit innate immunity by cleaving the mitochondrial antiviral signaling (mavs) protein, an essential component of the virus-activated signaling pathway that activates nf-kappab and ifn regulatory factor-3 to induce the production of type i ifn. for human hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis b s-ag, hepatitis b e-ag, or hbv virions have been shown to suppress tlr-induced antiviral activity with reduced ifn-beta producti ... | 2010 | 20554965 |
| meningoencephalitis associated with hepatitis a infection: a case report and review of literature. | hepatitis a virus uncommonly causes neurological problems. among these manifestations meningoencephalitis is very rare. we describe the clinical and laboratory features of a young boy with hepatitis a associated meningoencephalitis and compare it with other cases which had the same diagnoses. | 2010 | 20555050 |
| a nationwide survey of past hepatitis a infections among canadian adults. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection rates in canada are low and declining. a nationwide pediatric serosurvey in 2003 confirmed that hav infection is uncommon in children. additional seroepidemiological data for adults would help to guide domestic use of hav vaccines. | 2010 | 20558251 |
| vaccination rate and seroepidemiology of hepatitis a in chronic-hepatitis-b-infected individuals in the korean army. | vaccination against hepatitis a virus (hav) is recommended for patients with chronic hepatitis b (chb), since they are potentially at an increased risk of hav-related morbidity and mortality. however, little is known about the adherence to these recommendations in the community. this study evaluated the current vaccination status and immunity against hav among korean military soldiers with chb. | 2010 | 20559523 |
| internal ribosomal entry-site activities of clinical isolate-derived hepatitis a virus and inhibitory effects of amantadine. | aim: little is known about specific naturally-occurring internal ribosomal entry site (ires) activities of hepatitis a virus (hav). we examined these activities using the bicistronic reporter assay and the effects of antiviral amantadine against their activities. methods: six hav ires clones from three patients with fulminant hepatitis and three with self-limited acute hepatitis were obtained. the activities of their ires were analyzed using bicistronic reporter assay in hepatocyte- and non-hepa ... | 2010 | 20561355 |
| atypical manifestations of hepatitis a infection: a prospective, multicenter study in korea. | the clinical outcome of symptomatic hepatitis a and the incidence and clinical characteristics of atypical presentation of hepatitis a were studied using prospective, multicenter design. the atypical presentation included delayed anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) immunoglobulin m (igm) seroconversion defined as positive anti-hav igm on the repeated test within 7 days of hospital admission after the initially negative result, prolonged cholestasis, and acute kidney injury (aki). a total of 595 patient ... | 2010 | 20572083 |
| detection of hepatitis a virus and bacterial contamination in raw oysters in thailand. | this study was conducted to determine the presence of hepatitis a virus (hav) in raw oysters (crassostrea belcheri) using a virus concentration method and reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (rt-nested pcr). a total of 220 oyster samples were collected from oyster farms and local markets in thailand. hav was found in three oyster samples. nested pcr products of hav detected in oysters were characterized further by dna sequencing of the vp1/2a region and subjected to phylogenet ... | 2010 | 20578489 |
| changing prevalence of anti-hepatitis a virus in adolescents in a rural township in taiwan. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is transmitted through the oral-anal route. areas of low prevalence of anti-hav might have risks for a hepatitis a outbreak even under accidental infection as the source can spread easily. the prevalence of anti-hav among children in taipei is reported to be nearly 0%; however, the prevalence in rural areas remains undetermined. our study aims to realize the prevalence change in a rural area. | 2010 | 20584510 |
| epidemiology and genetic characterization of hepatitis a virus genotype iia. | three hepatitis a virus (hav) genotypes, i, ii, and iii, divided into subtypes a and b, infect humans. genotype i is the most frequently reported, while genotype ii is hardly ever isolated, and its genetic diversity is unknown. from 2002 to 2007, a french epidemiological survey of hav identified 6 iia isolates, mostly from patients who did not travel abroad. the possible african origin of iia strains was investigated by screening the 2008 mandatory notification records of hav infection: 171 hav ... | 2010 | 20592136 |
| development of an rna extraction protocol for detection of waterborne viruses by reverse transcriptase quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr). | rna extraction from environmental samples yields frequently an rna preparation containing inhibitors of molecular reactions. commercial rna extraction kits commonly permit extraction of only 0.1-0.2 ml sample volume. an rna extraction buffer (rnax buffer) was formulated for the extraction of viral rna from 4.0 ml using a silica column based protocol. to evaluate the rnax buffer based protocol, we used hepatitis a virus (hav) and coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) to monitor the rna extraction efficiency f ... | 2010 | 20600332 |
| evaluation of a rapid method for recovery of norovirus and hepatitis a virus from oysters and blue mussels. | foodborne outbreaks caused by noroviruses (novs) and hepatitis a virus (hav) are often linked to consumption of contaminated shellfish. the objective of this study was to identify an appropriate virus recovery method for real-time reverse transcriptase (rt)-pcr detection and subsequently to evaluate this method on shellfish bioaccumulated with virus in a collaborative study. five methods were compared for recovery of nov gii.7 and feline calicivirus from spiked digestive tissue of oysters and mu ... | 2010 | 20603152 |
| a comparison of hepatitis a and hepatitis b measures among vaccinated and susceptible online men who have sex with men. | hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) continue to be major health concerns among men who have sex with men (msm). the internet both facilitates high-risk sexual encounters and provides opportunities for promoting healthy behaviours. this study compared self-reported hav and hbv vaccination levels, based on demographics, health characteristics, hepatitis knowledge, attitudes and risk behaviours among msm using an online survey posted from february through june 2005. each participant ... | 2010 | 20606219 |
| [development of a multiplex technique for detecting simultaneously hav rna and hev rna.] | the hepatitis e virus (hev) is more and more frequently incriminated in hepatitis episodes. in non-endemic regions, it is clear now that this infection is autochthonous, and certainly a zoonosis and thus, that this virus must not only be assessed in hepatitis cases among travellers in endemic regions. in parallel, in endemic region, where hev, like hav, is mainly water-transmitted, important outbreaks still occur. this article describes the development and validation of a new molecular technique ... | 2010 | 20609530 |
| hepatitis a in men having sex with men (msms) in northern italy. | during 2009 there was an increased incidence of acute hepatitis a virus (hav) infection among homosexual males which, in our institute, outnumbered the number of cases in travellers, thus becoming the prime hav risk factor. some of our hav cases occurred in hiv-infected subjects. this observation underlines the action of hav as a sexually transmitted infection and urges preventive measures, such as routine hav vaccination in the hiv-infected population. | 2010 | 20610934 |
| identification of recombination between subgenotypes ia and ib of hepatitis a virus. | co-circulation of subgenotypes ia and ib of hepatitis a virus (hav) has been reported in south africa, south america, europe, and the united states. in this study, phylogenetic and recombination analyses were performed for the first time on 31 complete hav genomes from infected humans and simians. three potentially significant intra-genotypic recombination events (i-iii) were identified by recombination detection analysis. recombination events i and ii occurred between the lineages represented, ... | 2010 | 20012679 |
| update: a food-borne outbreak of hepatitis a in the netherlands related to semi-dried tomatoes in oil, january-february 2010. | between 31 december 2009 and 10 february 2010, 13 patients were infected by an identical hepatitis a virus strain not previously detected in the netherlands. they had not been abroad and were widely distributed over the netherlands. a case-control study including 12 cases and 44 controls identified semi-dried tomatoes in oil as the source of the outbreak (odds ratio: 20.0; 95% confidence interval: 1.5-274). the virus was not detected in any of 81 tested food samples. international trace-back is ... | 2010 | 20504389 |
| imported mollusks and dissemination of human enteric viruses. | 2010 | 20507771 | |
| factors associated with hepatitis a vaccination receipt in one-year-olds in the state of michigan. | the objectives of this study were to determine factors associated with hepatitis a vaccination and to assess overall hepatitis a vaccination coverage levels among one-year-olds in michigan. the study population was the first hepatitis a vaccination-eligible birth cohort (n = 134 226) enrolled in the michigan care improvement registry (mcir) after 2006 recommendations were made to routinely vaccinate all one-year-olds. all children whose first birthday occurred on or between may 1, 2006 and april ... | 2010 | 20037733 |
| survival of murine norovirus and hepatitis a virus in different types of manure and biosolids. | noroviruses and hepatitis a virus (hav) are common causes of foodborne disease. they are usually shed in feces and have been found in sewage water, biosolids, and animal manures. with the wide application of manure and biosolids on agricultural lands, there is an increasing interest in investigating virus survival in manure and biosolids. in this study, murine norovirus-1 (mnv) and hav were inoculated into different types of animal manure and three types of differently treated biosolids at 20 de ... | 2010 | 20455755 |
| hepatitis a. an uncommon associated pathology. | 2010 | 20456853 | |
| co-occurrence of allergic sensitization and type 1 diabetes. | the mechanisms leading to abnormal immune regulation in type 1 diabetes and allergic diseases may be partly overlapping. if so, these diseases should co-occur more often than expected. we investigated this phenomenon in two contrasting socio-economic environments, finland and russian karelia. | 2010 | 20465355 |
| [study of a population outbreak of hepatitis a. effectiveness of vaccination as a control measure]. | to describe an outbreak of hepatitis a in the city of albacete (spain) and to assess the effectiveness of the control measures implemented. | 2010 | 20483510 |
| [hepatitis a transmission in transfusion]. | 2010 | 20489800 | |
| declining hepatitis a antibody seroprevalence in the korean military personnel. | we retrospectively analyzed serological test results for anti-hepatitis a virus immunoglobulin g (anti-hav igg) of sera collected from 779 military personnel during january 2001 to may 2008. the overall seroprevalence of anti-hav igg of the subjects was 17.5% (95% confidence interval [ci], 14.8-20.1%). when adjusted to the age-specific distribution of the army population, the age-adjusted seroprevalence was 14.6% (95% ci, 13.0-16.3%). all subjects who were 40 years and over had anti-hav igg. mea ... | 2010 | 20495272 |
| prevalence of nucleic acid sequences specific for human parvoviruses, hepatitis a and hepatitis e viruses in coagulation factor concentrates. | due to their high resistance to inactivation procedures, nonenveloped viruses such as parvovirus b19, human bocavirus (hbov), human parvovirus 4 (parv4), hepatitis a (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) pose a particular threat to blood products. virus transmission to patients treated with blood products presents an additional burden to disease. we determined the frequency and the amount of nucleic acid specific for nonenveloped viruses in recently manufactured preparations of commercial coagulatio ... | 2010 | 21133933 |
| prevalence of hepatitis a virus infection in a hiv positive community. | hepatitis a is acute and usually self-limiting disease, but sometimes it can be dangerous such as in immunosuppressed patients. purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis a serology in hiv/aids patients. 247 hiv positive patients from march 2005 to september 2006 were entered in this study. participants completed questionnaires to elicit demographic, drug and sex risk information, and were (tested for hepatitis a. they were all referred to counseling center for behaviora ... | 2010 | 21137657 |
| what factors determine the severity of hepatitis a-related acute liver failure? | summary. the reason(s) that hepatitis a virus (hav) infection may progress infrequently to acute liver failure are poorly understood. we examined host and viral factors in 29 consecutive adult patients with hav-associated acute liver failure enrolled at 10 sites participating in the us alf study group. eighteen of twenty-four acute liver failure sera were pcr positive while six had no detectable virus. hav genotype was determined using phylogenetic analysis and the full-length genome sequences ... | 2010 | 21143345 |
| impact of prescribed cleaning and disinfectant use on microbial contamination in the home. | to identify and quantify the presence of escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella, hepatitis a and norovirus in households and to assess the effect of chlorine and quaternary ammonium-based disinfectants following a prescribed use. | 2010 | 21143709 |
| meeting vaccination quality measures for hepatitis a and b virus in patients with chronic hepatitis c infection. | coinfection with hepatitis a virus (hav) or hepatitis b virus (hbv) in patients with chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. the center for medicare and medicaid services has identified hav and hbv vaccination as a priority area for quality measurement in hcv. it is unclear to what extent patients with hcv meet these recommendations. we used national data from the department of veterans affairs hcv clinical case registry to evaluate the prevalence an ... | 2010 | 21157783 |
| intractable recurrent hepatitis a virus infection requiring repeated liver transplantation: a case report. | although hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is usually self-limited, it may induce fulminant hepatitis. we present an unusual case of a 40-year-old, otherwise healthy man with intractable recurrent hav infection requiring retransplantation after primary liver transplantation for hav-associated fulminant liver failure. after the first living-donor liver transplantation, allograft function recovered uneventfully; however, beginning at 35 days, his serum total bilirubin concentration increased, reac ... | 2010 | 21168755 |
| analysis of 5' nontranslated region of hepatitis a viral rna genotype i from south korea: comparison with disease severities. | the aim of the study was to analyze genotype i hepatitis a virus (hav) 5' nontranslated region (ntr) sequences from a recent outbreak in south korea and compare them with reported sequences from japan. we collected a total of 54 acute hepatitis a patients' sera from hav genotype i [27 severe disease (prothrombin time inr ≥ 1.50) and 27 mild hepatitis (prothrombin time inr <1.00)], performed nested rt-pcr of 5' ntr of hav directly sequenced from pcr products (∼ 300 bp), and compared them with eac ... | 2010 | 21203430 |
| mtoc-mt is a major target antigen of autoantibody detected by autoimmune target tests in patients with hepatitis a virus infection. | 2010 | 20924090 | |
| low rates of hepatitis a and b vaccination in patients with chronic hepatitis c at an urban methadone maintenance program. | patients with chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv) are at increased risk for complications of liver disease if they become infected with the hepatitis a (hav) or hepatitis b (hbv) viruses. the authors examined the rates of testing for hav, hbv, and hcv, as well as rates of vaccination against hav and hbv in patients with chronic hcv in a random sample (n = 207) of medical records of patients enrolled in a methadone maintenance program. almost all patients reviewed were tested for hav, hbv, and hcv. o ... | 2010 | 20924882 |
| spontaneous remission of iga nephropathy associated with resolution of hepatitis a. | although most cases of immunoglobulin a (iga) nephropathy are idiopathic, several diseases are associated with iga nephropathy. of these, chronic liver disease resulting from hepatitis b or c virus infection has been reported as a secondary cause of iga nephropathy. recently, hepatitis a virus (hav)-associated kidney disease has received attention because acute kidney injury can occur as a complication of hav infection, generally caused by acute tubular necrosis or interstitial nephritis. howeve ... | 2010 | 20932622 |
| hepatitis a in internationally adopted children: screening for acute and previous infections. | the goal was to determine the prevalence of acute hepatitis a virus (hav) infection and immunity among internationally adopted children. | 2010 | 20937651 |
| role of cyp2e1 gene polymorphisms association with hepatitis risk in northeast india. | to investigate hepatitis virus, genetic and environmental factors, and their interactions in predisposing patients to liver diseases in northeast india. | 2010 | 20939108 |
| [serum anti-hepatitis a virus antibody and hepatitis a virus rna]. | 2010 | 20942097 | |
| a strategy to increase the specificity of syber green i qrt-pcr in hepatitis a detection. | various methods for the recovery and detection of hav have been suggested, and molecular tests have recently provided an effective replacement for the traditional methods. real-time rt-pcr technology offers many advantages over conventional rt-pcr in terms of rapidity and specificity. most procedures are based on the taqman chemistry, but some researchers have used the sybr green i approach, which is less expensive and simpler to carry out. however the formation of primer-dimers needs to be dist ... | 2010 | 20954439 |
| hepatitis a and travel amongst nova scotia postsecondary students: evidence for a targeted vs. universal immunization strategy. | canadian guidelines recommend hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccination for high-risk persons, such as travelers to hav-endemic areas. the us cdc advocates universal immunization. | 2010 | 20955828 |
| hepatitis a and hepatitis c viruses: divergent infection outcomes marked by similarities in induction and evasion of interferon responses. | hepatitis a and hepatitis c viruses (hav and hcv) are both positive-strand ribonucleic acid (rna) viruses with hepatotropic lifestyles. despite several important differences, they share many biological and molecular features and similar genome replication schemes. despite this, hav infections are usually effectively controlled by the host with elimination of the virus, whereas hcv most often is able to establish lifelong persistent infection. the mechanisms underlying this difference are unknown ... | 2010 | 20960373 |
| hepatitis a in pohnpei state, federated states of micronesia, 2008-2009. | an epidemic of infectious hepatitis caused by the hepatitis a virus was detected in pohnpei state, federated states of micronesia (fsm), beginning in november 2008. epidemiologic investigation revealed that the index case occurred in late june 2008 in a traveler from nearby chuuk state, which itself had experienced an epidemic of hepatitis a in the first half of 2008. most cases have been confirmed by igm serology, the rest by a clinically compatible syndrome with either jaundice or elevated liv ... | 2010 | 20968240 |
| applied biotechnology for production of immunoglobulin y specific to hepatitis a virus. | a new protocol for producing polyclonal antibody against hepatitis a virus (hav) is described. twenty hens were immunized three times with a commercial hav vaccine and hav from a cell culture with three types of adjuvants: cpg oligodeoxynucleotides (cpg-odn), incomplete freund's adjuvant and an alum adjuvant. in each of the last two booster inoculations, blood from the birds was collected and tested for hav antibodies. egg yolk was separated from egg white and immunoglobulin y (igy) antibody was ... | 2010 | 20971134 |
| antiviral activities of isg20 in positive-strand rna virus infections. | isg20 is an interferon-inducible 3'-5' exonuclease that inhibits replication of several human and animal rna viruses. however, the specificities of isg20's antiviral action remain poorly defined. here we determine the impact of ectopic expression of isg20 on replication of several positive-strand rna viruses from distinct viral families. isg20 inhibited infections by cell culture-derived hepatitis c virus (hcv) and a pestivirus, bovine viral diarrhea virus and a picornavirus, hepatitis a virus. ... | 2010 | 21036379 |
| quantification and molecular characterization of enteric viruses detected in effluents from two hospital wastewater treatment plants. | hospital wastewater has been described as an important source of spreading pathogenic microorganisms in the environment. however, there are few studies reporting the presence and concentrations of gastroenteric viruses and hepatitis a viruses in these environmental matrices. the aim of this study was to assess the contamination by viruses responsible for acute gastroenteritis and hepatitis derived from hospital wastewater treatment plants (wwtps). rotavirus a (rv-a), human adenoviruses (hadv), n ... | 2010 | 21040941 |
| first full-length genomic sequence of a hepatitis a virus isolated in argentina shows recombination between subgenotypes ia and ib. | a hepatitis a virus (hav) recovered in argentina from a stool sample of a sick child in the year 2006 (hav-arg/06) was entirely sequenced. phylogenetic analysis included the hav-arg/06 sequence in subgenotype ia, either considering the usual vp1-2a variable junction fragment or the full length nucleotide sequence. interestingly, a recombination event with subgenotype ib, involving a portion of the 2c-3a nonstructural proteins coding region (nucleotides 4961-5140) was detected using specific soft ... | 2010 | 21056065 |
| characterization of cd8+ t-cell response in acute and resolved hepatitis a virus infection. | in contrast to the infection with other hepatotropic viruses, hepatitis a virus (hav) always causes acute self-limited hepatitis, although the role for virus-specific cd8 t cells in viral containment is unclear. herein, we analyzed the t cell response in patients with acute hepatitis by utilizing a set of overlapping peptides and predicted hla-a2 binders from the polyprotein. | 2010 | 21056495 |
| evaluation of different rna-extraction kits for sensitive detection of hepatitis a virus in strawberry samples. | the efficiency of different commercial rna extraction kits for the detection of hepatitis a virus (hav) from seeded strawberry samples was assessed by standard rt-pcr and real time rt-pcr (rt-qpcr). the best results with standard rt-pcr were achieved with aurum™ total rna extraction kit (biorad), obtaining a detection limit of 5-6.25 pfu/mg of tissue. a slightly lower sensitivity was rendered by the rneasy® plant mini kit (qiagen) (10-12.5 pfu/mg tissue), while the total quick rna cells and tiss ... | 2010 | 21056773 |
| the evolving epidemiology of hepatitis a in the united states: incidence and molecular epidemiology from population-based surveillance, 2005-2007. | the incidence of hepatitis a virus (hav) disease is the lowest ever in the united states. we describe recent incidence and characteristics of cases of hav disease from 6 us sites conducting hepatitis surveillance in the emerging infections program. | 2010 | 21059974 |
| [seroepidemiology of hepatitis a in saint-petersburg in 2009]. | to determine immune structure of different population groups in saint-petersburg to hepatitis a virus in 2009 in order to study trends of epidemic process dynamics and planning of prophylactic measures. | 2010 | 21061571 |
| comparison of effects of hepatitis e or a viral superinfection in patients with chronic hepatitis b. | to compare the demographics, liver function, and prognosis of chinese patients infected with chronic hepatitis b (chb) and superinfected with hepatitis e virus (hev) or hepatitis a virus (hav). | 2010 | 21063485 |
| hepatitis b virus regulatory hbx protein binds to adaptor protein ips-1 and inhibits the activation of beta interferon. | hepatitis b virus (hbv) encodes the regulatory hbx protein, which is required for virus replication, although its specific role(s) in the replication cycle remains under investigation. an immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry approach was used to identify four novel hbx binding proteins from the cytoplasmic fraction of hbx transgenic mouse livers. one of these hbx binding partners is beta interferon promoter stimulator 1 (ips-1), an adaptor protein that plays a critical role in mediating retinoi ... | 2010 | 21068253 |
| seroprevalence rates of helicobacter pylori and viral hepatitis a among adolescents in three regions of the kingdom of saudi arabia: is there any correlation? | the seroprevalence rate of helicobacter pylori in the kingdom of saudi arabia (ksa) was reported to be in the range of 50-80% among mostly symptomatic patients in non-community-based studies. however, the seroprevalence of viral hepatitis a (hav) underwent a marked decline in the last two decades from over 50% in 1989 to 25% in 1997 among saudi children under the age of 12 years. the aim of this paper was to study seroprevalence rates of h. pylori and hav among the adolescent population in three ... | 2010 | 21073610 |
| the influence of persistent pathogens on circulating levels of inflammatory markers: a cross-sectional analysis from the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. | systemic inflammation is linked to cardiovascular risk, but the influence of persistent pathogens, which are conventionally dichotomously categorized, on circulating levels of inflammatory markers is not clear. antibody levels of pathogens have not been examined in relation to inflammation. | 2010 | 21083905 |
| hepatitis a, b, c and hiv infections among finnish female prisoners--young females a risk group. | previous prison studies have shown that the female gender is associated with higher hepatitis c prevalence. however, there are few prison studies of gender differences concerning the risk factors of hepatitis c infections. we studied the prevalence of hepatitis and hiv infections and the risk factors among finnish female prisoners. | 2010 | 21087630 |
| decrease in seroprevalence of hepatitis a after the implementation of nationwide disposable tableware use in taiwan. | taiwan is an endemic area of viral hepatitis, including hepatitis a, which is transmitted mainly from the fecal-oral route. in order to reduce the transmission through food intake, the government implemented a policy of nationwide disposal tableware use in public eating places in 1982. we conducted a study to estimate the seroprevalence of hepatitis a in a group of workers in taiwan in 2005, determine the risk factors, and compare seroprevalence to published estimates in taiwan to evaluate chang ... | 2010 | 21092247 |