Publications

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estimating the basic reproductive number (r0) for african swine fever virus (asfv) transmission between pig herds in uganda.african swine fever (asf) is a highly contagious, lethal and economically devastating haemorrhagic disease of domestic pigs. insights into the dynamics and scale of virus transmission can be obtained from estimates of the basic reproduction number (r0). we estimate r0 for asf virus in small holder, free-range pig production system in gulu, uganda. the estimation was based on data collected from outbreaks that affected 43 villages (out of the 289 villages with an overall pig population of 26,570) ...201525938429
experimental infection of ornithodoros erraticus sensu stricto with two portuguese african swine fever virus strains. study of factors involved in the dynamics of infection in ticks.african swine fever (asf) is a frequently devastating hemorrhagic disease of domestic pigs and wild boar and ornithodoros erraticus sensu stricto argasid ticks are the only biological vectors of african swine fever virus (asfv) known to occur in europe. recently this disease emerged in eastern europe and russian federation, showing a huge potential for a rapid spread between countries. there is some risk of re-emergence of asf in the countries where these ticks exist, that can contribute for the ...201526366570
anaplasma sp. and hemoplasma infection in leopard cats (prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus) from korea.this study examined the occurrence of anaplasma spp. and hemoplasma infection in leopard cats, prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus, in korea. twenty-nine biological samples were tested by molecular analysis. two (6.9%) and eight (27.6%) tested specimens were positive for anaplasma bovis and hemoplasma infection, respectively. based on our results, anaplasma/ehrlichia spp. and hemoplasma are regularly infecting leopard cat populations of korea. considering their endangered status, regular monitor ...201526040618
combined inhibition of complement and cd14 improved outcome in porcine polymicrobial sepsis.sepsis is an exaggerated and dysfunctional immune response to infection. activation of innate immunity recognition systems including complement and the toll-like receptor family initiate this disproportionate inflammatory response. the aim of this study was to explore the effect of combined inhibition of the complement component c5 and the toll-like receptor co-factor cd14 on survival, hemodynamic parameters and systemic inflammation including complement activation in a clinically relevant porci ...201526612199
bat and pig ifn-induced transmembrane protein 3 restrict cell entry by influenza virus and lyssaviruses.ifn-induced transmembrane protein 3 (ifitm3) is a restriction factor that blocks cytosolic entry of numerous viruses that utilize acidic endosomal entry pathways. in humans and mice, ifitm3 limits influenza-induced morbidity and mortality. although many ifitm3-sensitive viruses are zoonotic, whether ifitms function as antiviral restriction factors in mammalian species other than humans and mice is unknown. here, ifitm3 orthologues in the microbat (myotis myotis) and pig (sus scrofa domesticus) w ...201525614588
single nucleotide markers of d-loop for identification of indian wild pig (sus scrofa cristatus).partial fragment of d-loop region extending from 35 to 770 were compared with corresponding sequences of 16 wild pigs and 9 domestic pig breeds from different parts of the world for detection of single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers in the region. the paper also reappraises snp markers from two fragments of cytochrome b gene and a fragment 12s rrna gene distinguishing the indian wild pig from other pig species of the world.201527047129
exploring the genetic signature of body size in yucatan miniature pig.since being domesticated about 10,000-12,000 years ago, domestic pigs (sus scrofa domesticus) have been selected for traits of economic importance, in particular large body size. however, yucatan miniature pigs have been selected for small body size to withstand high temperature environment and for laboratory use. this renders the yucatan miniature pig a valuable model for understanding the evolution of body size. we investigate the genetic signature for selection of body size in the yucatan min ...201525885114
staphylococcus aureus induces hypoxia and cellular damage in porcine dermal explants.we developed a porcine dermal explant model to determine the extent to which staphylococcus aureus biofilm communities deplete oxygen, change ph, and produce damage in underlying tissue. microelectrode measurements demonstrated that dissolved oxygen (do) in biofilm-free dermal tissue was 4.45 ± 1.17 mg/liter, while do levels for biofilm-infected tissue declined sharply from the surface, with no measurable oxygen detectable in the underlying dermal tissue. magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated ...201525847960
serological prevalence of viral agents that induce reproductive failure in south korean wild boar.viral agents associated with reproductive failure such as aujeszky's disease virus (adv), encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), and porcine parvovirus (ppv) have also been identified in european wild boar. to screen for the presence of antibodies against adv, emcv, and ppv from wild boar (sus scrofa) in south korea, 481 serum samples were collected from wild boar hunted between december 2010 and may 2011.201525888836
corrigendum: cellular scaling rules for the brain of artiodactyla include a highly folded cortex with few neurons.[this corrects the article on p. 128 in vol. 8, pmid: 25429261.].201525859187
snp marker discovery in koala tlr genes.toll-like receptors (tlrs) play a crucial role in the early defence against invading pathogens, yet our understanding of tlrs in marsupial immunity is limited. here, we describe the characterisation of nine tlrs from a koala immune tissue transcriptome and one tlr from a draft sequence of the koala genome and the subsequent development of an assay to study genetic diversity in these genes. we surveyed genetic diversity in 20 koalas from new south wales, australia and showed that one gene, tlr10 ...201525799012
genome-wide association analyses reveal significant loci and strong candidate genes for growth and fatness traits in two pig populations.recently, genome-wide association studies (gwas) have been reported on various pig traits. we performed a gwas to analyze 22 traits related to growth and fatness on two pig populations: a white duroc × erhualian f2 intercross population and a chinese sutai half-sib population.201525885760
investigating the role of free-ranging wild boar (sus scrofa) in the re-emergence of enzootic pneumonia in domestic pig herds: a pathological, prevalence and risk-factor study.enzootic pneumonia (ep) caused by mycoplasma hyopneumoniae has a significant economic impact on domestic pig production. a control program carried out from 1999 to 2003 successfully reduced disease occurrence in domestic pigs in switzerland, but recurrent outbreaks suggested a potential role of free-ranging wild boar (sus scrofa) as a source of re-infection. since little is known on the epidemiology of ep in wild boar populations, our aims were: (1) to estimate the prevalence of m. hyopneumoniae ...201525747151
the relation between catheter occlusion and backflow during intraparenchymal cerebral infusions.background/aims: the distribution of infusate into the brain by convection-enhanced delivery can be affected by backflow along the catheter shaft. this work assesses the following: (1) whether tissue coring and occlusion of the catheter lumen occurs when an open end-port catheter is inserted, (2) whether there is a relationship between intracatheter pressure and backflow, and (3) whether catheter occlusion increases backflow. methods: freshly excised monkey brains were used to assess tissue cori ...201525721097
when pigs fly, ucp1 makes heat.brown and beige adipose tissue may represent important therapeutic targets for the treatment of diabetes and obesity as these organs dissipate nutrient energy as heat through the thermogenic uncoupling protein 1 (ucp1). while mice are commonly used to mimic the potential effects of brown/beige adipose tissue that may act in human metabolism, new animal models are edging into the market for translational medicine. pigs reflect human metabolism better than mice in multiple parameters such as obesi ...201525973382
a large animal model of spinal muscular atrophy and correction of phenotype.spinal muscular atrophy (sma) is caused by reduced levels of survival motor neuron (smn) protein, which results in motoneuron loss. therapeutic strategies to increase smn levels including drug compounds, antisense oligonucleotides, and scaav9 gene therapy have proved effective in mice. we wished to determine whether reduction of smn in postnatal motoneurons resulted in sma in a large animal model, whether sma could be corrected after development of muscle weakness, and the response of clinically ...201525516063
gene coexpression networks reveal key drivers of phenotypic divergence in porcine muscle.domestication of the wild pig has led to obese and lean phenotype breeds, and evolutionary genome research has sought to identify the regulatory mechanisms underlying this phenotypic diversity. however, revealing the molecular mechanisms underlying muscle phenotype variation based on differentially expressed genes has proved to be difficult. to characterize the mechanisms regulating muscle phenotype variation under artificial selection, we aimed to provide an integrated view of genome organizati ...201525651817
phenotype and animal domestication: a study of dental variation between domestic, wild, captive, hybrid and insular sus scrofa.identifying the phenotypic responses to domestication remains a long-standing and important question for researchers studying its early history. the great diversity in domestic animals and plants that exists today bears testament to the profound changes that domestication has induced in their ancestral wild forms over the last millennia. domestication is a complex evolutionary process in which wild organisms are moved to new anthropogenic environments. although modern genetics are significantly ...201525648385
a quantitative ethnozoological study of traditionally used animals in pachamalai hills of tamil nadu, india.the purpose of this study was designed to gather primary folk knowledge on different animal based therapies used by malayalis in pachamalai hills. this is the first ethnozoological study in pachamalai hills; the data regarding the medicinal animals/animal products were documented and their usages were analyzed quantitatively.201526002766
west nile virus serosurveillance in pigs, wild boars, and roe deer in serbia.west nile virus (wnv) is maintained in nature in an enzootic transmission cycle between birds and mosquitoes, but it also infects many other vertebrates, including humans and horses, in which it can induce severe neurological diseases; however, data about virus circulation in other mammals is scarce. wnv has a history of recent outbreaks in europe, including serbia, where it was identified for the first time in 2010 in mosquitoes and in 2012 in birds and humans, being responsible for over 300 co ...201525724332
comparison of electrical current and ultrasonic device for incision of the septum of the pharyngoesophageal diverticulum in a pig model.complications of endoscopic treatment of pharyngoesophageal diverticulum (ped) such as bleeding and perforation occur in up to 15 % of cases. our objective was to compare incision of the ped septum using the ultrasonic device (group h) with incision using electrical current (group m) in a pig model.201525669640
first detection of sarcoptes scabiei from domesticated pig (sus scrofa) and genetic characterization of s. scabiei from pet, farm and wild hosts in israel.in this report we describe for the first time the detection of sarcoptes scabiei type suis mites on domestic pigs in israel and examine its genetic variation compared with s. sabiei from other hosts. microscopic examination of skin samples from s. scabiei-infested pigs (sus scrofa domesticus) revealed all developmental stages of s. scabiei. to detect genetic differences between s. scabiei from different hosts, samples obtained from pig, rabbits (orictolagus cuniculus), fox (vulpes vulpes), jacka ...201526002310
a triple culture model of the blood-brain barrier using porcine brain endothelial cells, astrocytes and pericytes.in vitro blood-brain barrier (bbb) models based on primary brain endothelial cells (becs) cultured as monoculture or in co-culture with primary astrocytes and pericytes are useful for studying many properties of the bbb. the becs retain their expression of tight junction proteins and efflux transporters leading to high trans-endothelial electric resistance (teer) and low passive paracellular permeability. the becs, astrocytes and pericytes are often isolated from small rodents. larger species as ...201526241648
east african pigs have a complex indian, far eastern and western ancestry.in this study, we have characterized the mitochondrial diversity of 81 swine from uganda. median-joining network analysis of d-loop sequences from these individuals and others characterized in previous studies allowed us to determine that ugandan pigs cluster with populations from the west (europe/north africa), far east and india. in addition, partial sequencing of the y-chromosome uty locus in 18 ugandan domestic pigs revealed the segregation of a single hy1 lineage that has a cosmopolitan dis ...201526011180
effects of bovine lactoferrin in surgically created bone defects on bone regeneration around implants.the aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the effect of bovine lactoferrin (blf)-loaded gelatin microspheres (gm) used in combination with anorganic bovine bone on bone regeneration in surgically created bone defects around tooth implants. twenty-four uniform bone defects were created in the frontal bone via an extraoral approach in 12 domestic pigs. twenty-four implants were placed at the center of the defects. in eight animals one of these defects was filled with 0.3 ml anorganic bovi ...201525807903
[assessment of bovine pericardium (tutomesh®) and coated polypropylene (proceed®) in the para-oesophageal position in a pig model].hiatal hernias are nowadays increasingly treated with meshes. often, biological implants are being used for this application. oesophageal perforations have been reported as rare but serious complications from the application of synthetic meshes at the oesophageal hiatus. the role of the different mesh types has not been clearly established by experimental research so far. in the present large animal model, we investigated two implant types (tutomesh® and proceed®) with respect to their biocompat ...201525738433
reproductive physiology and ovarian folliculogenesis examined via 1h-nmr metabolomics signatures: a comparative study of large and small follicles in three mammalian species (bos taurus, sus scrofa domesticus and equus ferus caballus).the aim of this study was to characterize the composition of follicular fluid (ff) collected from the small and large follicles of three mammalian species, bos taurus, sus scrofa domesticus, and equus ferus caballus, that display distinct ovulatory properties. for each species, five large ff samples and five small ff samples were analyzed using 1h-nmr spectroscopy. the ff metabolic profiles of the three species were very distinct. in cows and mares, the metabolic profiles of large ff and small f ...201525393852
influenza surveillance in animals: what is our capacity to detect emerging influenza viruses with zoonotic potential?a survey of national animal influenza surveillance programmes was conducted to assess the current capacity to detect influenza viruses with zoonotic potential in animals (i.e. those influenza viruses that can be naturally transmitted between animals and humans) at regional and global levels. information on 587 animal influenza surveillance system components was collected for 99 countries from chief veterinary officers (cvos) (n = 94) and published literature. less than 1% (n = 4) of these compon ...201525268692
the investigation of interspecies diversity of erythrocyte aggregation properties by two different photometric methods in four animal species.among the haemorheological parameters, red blood cell (rbc) aggregation shows the largest interspecies diversity, and often controversial data can be found in the literature, besides the methodology-dependent issues. in this present investigation, we compared four experimental/laboratory animal species' rbc aggregation by two different photometric methods for better revealing the differences. blood samples (k3-edta, 1.5 mg/ml) were taken from female animals: 16 inbred mice (mus musculus, cardiac ...201525788141
volatile emission of decomposing pig carcasses (sus scrofa domesticus l.) as an indicator for the postmortem interval.this study aimed at correlating selected carcass borne volatile organic compounds (vocs) with the postmortem interval (pmi). selected volatiles should 1st be reliably emitted during vertebrate decay, 2nd be emitted at high concentrations, and 3rd show a reproducible quantitative dynamic during the decaying process. four pigs (sus scrofa domesticus l.) were placed in a deciduous forest in different seasons and volatiles emitted during the decaying process were sampled. seventeen compounds were id ...201525387588
using bacterial and necrophagous insect dynamics for post-mortem interval estimation during cold season: novel case study in romania.considering the biogeographical characteristics of forensic entomology, and the recent development of forensic microbiology as a complementary approach for post-mortem interval estimation, the current study focused on characterizing the succession of necrophagous insect species and bacterial communities inhabiting the rectum and mouth cavities of swine (sus scrofa domesticus) carcasses during a cold season outdoor experiment in an urban natural environment of bucharest, romania. we monitored the ...201526217916
high prevalence of tritrichomonas foetus 'bovine genotype' in faecal samples from domestic pigs at a farm where bovine trichomonosis has not been reported for over 30 years.bovine venereal trichomonosis caused by the flagellate tritrichomonas foetus is a notifiable disease in australia. while, t. foetus is pathogenic in both cattle and cats, it has long been established that the same t. foetus colonises the stomach, caecum and nasal cavity of pigs without apparent clinical significance. multi-locus genotyping grouped the non-pathogenic porcine t. foetus with the pathogenic 'bovine genotype', rather than with the 'feline genotype' t. foetus. bovine trichomonosis is ...201526315128
the red fox (vulpes vulpes) plays a minor role in the epidemiology of the domestic cycle of trichinella in romania.nematode worms of the genus trichinella are zoonotic parasites with a worldwide distribution. the majority of the biomass of these nematodes circulates among wildlife, but when humans fail in the proper management of domestic animals and wildlife, trichinella infections are transmitted from the sylvatic to the domestic environment. such failures occur in romania, where a high prevalence of trichinella spiralis has been detected in domestic pigs. the aim of the present study was to provide data a ...201526185060
trichinellosis in vietnam.trichinellosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease with a worldwide distribution. the aim of this work was to describe the epidemiological and clinical data of five outbreaks of trichinellosis, which affected ethnic minorities living in remote mountainous areas of northwestern vietnam from 1970 to 2012. trichinellosis was diagnosed in 126 patients, of which 11 (8.7%) were hospitalized and 8 (6.3%) died. all infected people had consumed raw pork from backyard and roaming pigs or wild boar at wedding, ...201525846295
prevalence of infection with toxoplasma gondii in landrace and mixed breed pigs slaughtered in baja california sur state, mexico.we performed a cross-sectional study to determine the seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection in 308 domestic pigs slaughtered in la paz, baja california sur state, mexico using the modified agglutination test (mat, cut off 1:25). forty (13%) of the 308 pigs were seropositive with mat titers of 1:25 in 16, 1:50 in 5, 1:100 in 4, 1:200 in 5, 1:400 in 3, 1:800 in 3, 1:1600 in 2, and 1:3200 in 2. multivariate analysis of pigs' characteristics showed that seropositivity to t. gondii was negati ...201525883799
the first report of trichinella pseudospiralis presence in domestic swine and t. britovi in wild boar in bosnia and herzegovina.the balkans is endemic for nematodes of the genus trichinella in both domestic and wild animals. the high prevalence of these zoonotic pathogens in animals linked with the food habits to consume raw meat and meat derived products resulted in a very high prevalence of trichinellosis in humans living in this european region. in spite of numerous epidemiological investigations carried out in this region, very few information is available on the trichinella species circulating in bosnia and herzegov ...201526204186
first finding of trichinella pseudospiralis in the neotropical region.prior to this study, only encapsulated species of trichinella had been found in south america, i.e., t. spiralis and t. patagoniensis. here we report the molecular identification of a non-encapsulated isolate of trichinella from a domestic pig in argentina. the multiplex pcr technique and the analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear dna sequences revealed that it belongs to t. pseudospiralis, which parasitises birds and mammals from australian, nearctic, and palaearctic regions. interestingly, the ...201525620294
a large-scale study of the trichinella genus in the golden jackal (canis aureus) population in serbia.over the last decades the golden jackal (canis aureus) has significantly expanded its range throughout southeast and central europe, and the balkan peninsula is considered to be a core area of the species distribution in this part of the range. due to its increasing number, ability of long distance movement through a wide range of landscapes and opportunistic feeding habits, the golden jackal may represent an important reservoir and transmitter of a variety of zoonotic agents, including parasite ...201526260409
new insights into the molecular epidemiology of trichinella infection in domestic pigs, wild boars, and bears in romania.trichinellosis is a food-borne zoonosis caused by the parasitic nematode trichinella, characterized by an extremely wide host range and geographical distribution. in romania, it is recognized as one of the most serious zoonotic diseases. a cross-sectional study, covering all regions of romania, was conducted in 2014 to investigate and update the prevalence of trichinella infection among domestic pigs, wild boars, and bears. additional, molecular identification of trichinella species circulating ...201526238657
trichinella pseudospiralis in the iberian peninsula.nematode worms of the genus trichinella are zoonotic parasites circulating in most continents, including europe. in spain, trichinella spiralis and trichinella britovi are highly prevalent in wildlife but seldom in domestic pigs. in portugal, only t. britovi was documented in wild carnivores. in the period 2006-2013 in spain, 384 (0.0001%) pigs and 1399 (0.20%) wild boars (sus scrofa) were positive for trichinella spp. larvae, which were identified as t. spiralis or t. britovi. in 2014, trichine ...201525913596
comparison of autologous (111)in-leukocytes, (18)f-fdg, (11)c-methionine, (11)c-pk11195 and (68)ga-citrate for diagnostic nuclear imaging in a juvenile porcine haematogenous staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis model.the aim of this study was to compare (111)in-labeled leukocyte single-photon emission computed tomography (spect) and (18)f-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)f-fdg) positron emission tomography (pet) to pet with tracers that potentially could improve detection of osteomyelitis. we chose (11)c-methionine, (11)c-pk11195 and (68)ga-citrate and validated their diagnostic utility in a porcine haematogenous osteomyelitis model. four juvenile 14-15 weeks old female pigs were scanned seven days after intra-arteri ...201525973338
emergence of a pseudorabies virus variant with increased virulence to piglets.pseudorabies virus (prv) causes pseudorabies (pr), an economically important disease in domestic swine. pr outbreaks on pig farms caused by prv variant strains in bartha-k61-vaccinated pigs have resulted in considerable economic losses in china since 2011. in this study, the pathogenicity of the prv variant js-2012 strain to pigs was investigated by experimentally inoculating piglets of different ages in comparison with a classic virulent prv sc strain. the js-2012 strain caused an earlier onset ...201526507829
detection and molecular analysis of pseudorabies virus strains isolated from dogs and a wild boar in italy.aujeszky's disease (ad) is one of the most economically important diseases of farmed pigs. wild boars can act as reservoirs and might represent a potential threat for domestic animals, including dogs. the aim of this study was to report the results of an ad survey based on the pseudorabies virus (prv) genome detection in samples of dogs clinically suspected of ad and of wild boars collected during four consecutive hunting seasons in the period 2010-2014. genomic characterization was based on the ...201525912160
isolation and characterization of a novel rhabdovirus from a wild boar (sus scrofa) in japan.a novel rhabdovirus was isolated from the serum of a healthy japanese wild boar (sus scrofa leucomystax) and identified using the rapid determination system for viral nucleic acid sequences (rdv), next-generation sequencing, and electron microscopy. the virus was tentatively named wild boar rhabdovirus 1 (wbrv1). phylogenetic analysis of the entire genome sequence indicated that wbrv1 is closely related to tupaia rhabdovirus (trv), which was isolated from cultured cells of hepatocellular carcino ...201526116524
in the united states, negligible rates of zoonotic sarcocystosis occur in feral swine that, by contrast, frequently harbour infections with sarcocystis miescheriana, a related parasite contracted from canids.transmission of pathogens between domestic and wild life animals plays an important role in epidemiology. feral pig populations are increasing and expanding in the usa, and may constitute a risk to non-biosecure domestic pig facilities by serving as reservoirs for pathogens. we surveyed, for sarcocystis infection, the myocardium of 1006 feral pigs (sus scrofa) trapped or hunted in 29 states during the comprehensive feral swine disease surveillance program of the usda's animal and plant health in ...201525363485
molecular evidence of ebola reston virus infection in philippine bats.in 2008-09, evidence of reston ebolavirus (restv) infection was found in domestic pigs and pig workers in the philippines. with species of bats having been shown to be the cryptic reservoir of filoviruses elsewhere, the philippine government, in conjunction with the food and agriculture organization of the united nations, assembled a multi-disciplinary and multi-institutional team to investigate philippine bats as the possible reservoir of restv.201526184657
the first detection of prrsv in wild boars in slovakia.prrsv was confirmed by a nested rt-pcr in two out of 129 samples originating from wild boars from eastern slovakia. virus isolates were genetically typed in orf7 as prrsv-1, eu-1 with 99.7% (sample 14wb) and 100% (sample 10wb) nucleotide sequence similarity to lelystad reference strain and porcilis prrs vaccine strain, respectively. the origin of prrsv in these wild boars is unclear but it is highly likely that virus was transmitted from vaccinated domestic pigs to wild boars.201525876282
comparison of pathogenicity of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus between wild and domestic pigs.the objective of this study was to compare the pathogenicity of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (hp-prrsv) infection between wild and domestic pigs based on clinical, immunological, and pathological evaluation. upon challenge with hp-prrsv, five wild pigs died compared to none of the domestic. anti-prrsv antibody titers were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in wild hp-prrsv-infected pigs versus the domestic hp-prrsv-infected pigs at 21 days post inoculation ( ...201525634036
origins and neurochemical complexity of preganglionic neurons supplying the superior cervical ganglion in the domestic pig.the superior cervical ganglion (scg) is a center of sympathetic innervation of all head and neck organs. scg sympathetic preganglionic neurons (spn) were found in the nucleus intermediolateralis pars principalis (imlpp), the nucleus intermediolateralis pars funicularis (imlpf), the nucleus intercalatus spinalis (ic), and the nucleus intercalatus spinalis pars paraependymalis (icpe). despite its importance, little is known of scg innervation and chemical coding in the laboratory pig, a model that ...201524854048
phenotypic and functional differentiation of porcine αβ t cells: current knowledge and available tools.domestic pigs are considered as a valuable large animal model because of their close relation to humans in regard to anatomy, genetics and physiology. this includes their potential use as organ donors in xenotransplantation but also studies on various zoonotic infections affecting pigs and humans. such work also requires a thorough understanding of the porcine immune system which was partially hampered in the past by restrictions on available immunological tools compared to rodent models. howeve ...201525466616
in vivo tracking and immunological properties of pulsed porcine monocyte-derived dendritic cells.cellular therapies using immune cells and in particular dendritic cells (dcs) are being increasingly applied in clinical trials and vaccines. their success partially depends on accurate delivery of cells to target organs or migration to lymph nodes. delivery and subsequent migration of cells to regional lymph nodes is essential for effective stimulation of the immune system. thus, the design of an optimal dc therapy would be improved by optimizing technologies for monitoring dc trafficking. magn ...201525282042
evidence of long-term gene flow and selection during domestication from analyses of eurasian wild and domestic pig genomes.traditionally, the process of domestication is assumed to be initiated by humans, involve few individuals and rely on reproductive isolation between wild and domestic forms. we analyzed pig domestication using over 100 genome sequences and tested whether pig domestication followed a traditional linear model or a more complex, reticulate model. we found that the assumptions of traditional models, such as reproductive isolation and strong domestication bottlenecks, are incompatible with the geneti ...201526323058
lymphatic territories (lymphosomes) in swine: an animal model for future lymphatic research.the swine is a common preclinical large-animal model for medical research because of the resemblance of its tissue structures to those of humans. however, the lymphatic system in swine is poorly understood. the authors investigated the lymphatic system and defined territories (lymphosomes) in swine using the microinjection technique.201526218378
xromm analysis of tooth occlusion and temporomandibular joint kinematics during feeding in juvenile miniature pigs.like humans, domestic pigs are omnivorous and thus are a common model for human masticatory function. prior attempts to characterize food-tooth interactions and jaw movements associated with mastication have been limited to aspects of the oral apparatus that are visible externally (with videography) and/or to 2d movements of oral structures (with monoplanar videofluoroscopy). we used xromm, a 3d technique that combines ct-based morphology with biplanar videofluoroscopy, to quantify mandibular ki ...201526089531
human microbiota-associated swine: current progress and future opportunities.gnotobiotic (gn) rodent models have provided insight into the contributions of the gut microbiota to host health and preventing disease. however, rodent models are limited by several important physiological and metabolic differences from humans, and many rodent models do not dependably replicate the clinical manifestations of human diseases. due to the high degree of similarity in anatomy, physiology, immunology and brain growth, the domestic pig (sus scrofa) is considered a clinically relevant ...201525991699
humans (homo sapiens) judge the emotional content of piglet (sus scrofa domestica) calls based on simple acoustic parameters, not personality, empathy, nor attitude toward animals.the vocal expression of emotion is likely driven by shared physiological principles among species. however, which acoustic features promote decoding of emotional state and how the decoding is affected by their listener's psychology remain poorly understood. here we tested how acoustic features of piglet vocalizations interact with psychological profiles of human listeners to affect judgments of emotional content of heterospecific vocalizations. we played back 48 piglet call sequences recorded in ...201525798794
a genome-wide scan for signatures of directional selection in domesticated pigs.animal domestication involved drastic phenotypic changes driven by strong artificial selection and also resulted in new populations of breeds, established by humans. this study aims to identify genes that show evidence of recent artificial selection during pig domestication.201525765548
enhanced perfusion during advanced life support improves survival with favorable neurologic function in a porcine model of refractory cardiac arrest.to improve the likelihood for survival with favorable neurologic function after cardiac arrest, we assessed a new advanced life support approach using active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation plus an intrathoracic pressure regulator.201525756411
a novel porcine model for chemically inducible crohn's-like reaction.new animal models provide insights into the pathogenesis of different types of inflammatory bowel disease as well as novel pathways for new therapeutic options. however, the scarcity of large animal models hinders the research and development of new surgical procedures and technological devices in inflammatory bowel disease surgery. common small animal inducible models involve chemical agents that result in the development of acute intestinal inflammation.201525739171
prioritization of zoonotic viral diseases in feral pigs, domestic pigs and humans interface.understanding the ecology of diseases requires the comprehension of pathogens in wild life-livestock interface. feral pigs (sus scrofa) are a health problem when countries work to prevent and control zoonotic diseases, as their populations raise environmental and health concerns due to infectious agents transmissible to domestic pigs and other animal species, including humans.201527622793
pulsatile venoarterial perfusion using a novel synchronized cardiac assist device augments coronary artery blood flow during ventricular fibrillation.patients with cardiogenic shock have a very high mortality. here we report the first use of a percutaneous pulsatile cardiac assist device, based on a diagonal pump synchronized with the heart cycle by means of an electrocardiographic signal in adult pigs. eight domestic pigs underwent mandatory ventilation. during sinus rhythm, there were no differences between pulsatile and nonpulsatile perfusion with regard to pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary wedge pressure, central venous pressure, mean ...201525511441
new porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus variant with a large deletion in the spike gene identified in domestic pigs.from october 2013 to date, approximately 1,000 outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (pedv) have occurred in japan. porcine epidemic diarrhoea with non-lethal effects in piglets was identified in tottori prefecture in october 2014. complete genome analysis revealed that the causative pathogen, tottori2, is a new pedv variant with a large (582 nt) deletion in the spike gene. phylogenetic analysis indicated that the tottori2 pedv strain might have been derived from the current pedv strains ...201526162305
distribution of porcine endogenous retrovirus in different organs of the hybrid of a landrace and a jeju domestic pig in korea.xenotransplantation offers a solution to the shortage of available organs for transplantation, and the pig represents an ideal source of such organs. however, porcine endogenous retrovirus (perv), whose genome is integrated in pigs, has been suggested to pose a potential risk of xenotransmission. expression of pervs in different organs of pigs was carefully measured at dna, mrna, and protein levels, providing information valuable for the application of pig organs in xenotransplantation. an analy ...201526293098
spatial characterization of colonies of the flying fox bat, a carrier of nipah virus in thailand.a major reservoir of nipah virus is believed to be the flying fox genus pteropus, a fruit bat distributed across many of the world's tropical and sub-tropical areas. the emergence of the virus and its zoonotic transmission to livestock and humans have been linked to losses in the bat's habitat. nipah has been identified in a number of indigenous flying fox populations in thailand. while no evidence of infection in domestic pigs or people has been found to date, pig farming is an active agricultu ...201525880385
malignant catarrhal fever in a vietnamese pot-bellied pig. a potential threat to pigs in mixed-species exhibits?malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) represents a sporadic and often fatal disease in various ungulate species including rarely swine. a close contact between susceptible and reservoir species of ovine herpesvirus-2 (ovhv-2) is a requirement for virus transmission. as in ruminants, a rapid course of disease with lymphohistiocytic meningoencephalitis and necrotizing vasculitis in multiple organs is frequently seen in porcine mcf. this report describes a case of mcf in a vietnamese pot-bellied pig, whi ...201525947878
bovine tuberculosis in domestic pigs: genotyping and distribution of isolates in argentina.bovine tuberculosis is caused by mycobacterium bovis and affects primarily cattle, among many other mammal species. in this study, 250 isolates of m. bovis collected from pigs slaughtered in argentina were typed by spoligotyping. over half of the isolates (66%) grouped into two spoligotypes. moreover, sb0140 was the most frequent spoligotype detected in the three performed samplings. in addition, 195 isolates were typed through variable number of tandem repeats (vntr) by selecting 7 loci (miru 1 ...201526679794
identification and genetic characterization of two porcine astroviruses from domestic piglets in china.porcine astrovirus are divided into five genotypes. in this study, we identified two porcine astroviruses (astv-ll-1 and astv-ll-2) by using sequence-independent single-primer amplification (sispa) on faecal specimens of healthy domestic piglets younger than 15 days. the detection rate for both was 2.82% (14/497). astv-lls were then sequenced and characterised. phylogenetic analysis revealed that they have the characteristics of porcine astrovirus (pastv) 2 and 5 and have some unique genetic fea ...201526338091
development of real-time pcr assay for detection of porcine circovirus-like virus p1 in domestic pigs in china.the porcine circovirus-like agent p1 is a newly discovered dna virus with a single-stranded circular genome that is highly homologous to that of porcine circovirus type 2. p1 infection can cause symptoms resembling postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. this study aims to develop a rapid, sensitive and specific method to detect p1.201526404908
detection of porcine circovirus type 2 and its association with pmws in wild boars and domestic pigs in germany: a histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular biological study.beside domestic pigs wild boars can also be affected by postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). for the first time a nationwide survey of wild boars (n = 356) and domestic pigs (n = 340) was carried out in germany by histopathology, immunohistochemistry (ihc) and quantitative pcr (qpcr). whereas 102/340 domestic pigs were immunoreactive for pcv2 antigen in at least one examined tissue, only 8/356 wild boars reacted positively. similar findings could be found in qpcr: all domestic pigs ...201526054225
genetic characterisation of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) strains from feral pigs in the brazilian pantanal: an opportunity to reconstruct the history of pcv2 evolution.since its discovery, porcine circovirus type 2 has emerged as one of the most relevant swine infectious diseases, causing relevant economic losses for the pig industry. while four genotypes were identified, only three (pcv2a, pcv2b and pcv2d) are currently circulating and display a worldwide distribution. another genotype, pcv2c, has been described only once in danish archive samples collected between 1980 and 1990. in addition to commercial pigs, pcv2 has been demonstrated to infect wild boars ...201525975522
characterization of porcine parvovirus type 3 and porcine circovirus type 2 in wild boars (sus scrofa) in slovakia.as the number of free-living wild boars (sus scrofa l.) continues to rise in slovakia, the probability of pathogen transmission between susceptible species increases. we investigated the distribution and genetic characterization of porcine parvovirus type 3 (ppv3), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), and their coinfection in wild boars. among 194 animals tested, 19.1% were positive for ppv3 and 43.8% for pcv2. similar rates of coinfection with both viruses reaching 11.0% and 11.8% were observed in ...201525973618
prevalence of emerging porcine parvoviruses and their co-infections with porcine circovirus type 2 in china.a total of 450 samples from domestic pigs in china were tested for porcine parvoviruses (ppvs) and co-infections with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), and their complete capsid genes were sequenced. the prevalence of ppv1, ppv2, ppv3, ppv4, and pcv2 was 5.56 %, 39.56 %, 45.11 %, 21.56 %, and 47.33 %, respectively, and co-infection with pcv2 occurred in 4 % (ppv1), 22.44 % (ppv2), 24 % (ppv3), and 12 % (ppv4) of the samples. phylogenetic analysis revealed two main lineages for each virus, and re ...201525742931
detection of a new cluster of porcine circovirus type 2b strains in domestic pigs in germany.pcv2 can be divided into three different genotypes: pcv2a, pcv2b and pcv2c. since 2004/2005 pcv2b has become the predominant genotype in the domestic pig population worldwide. in the years 2010 and 2012 pcv2b mutant strains (mpcv2), classified as pcv2b-1c strains, were detected in porcine circovirus diseases (pcvd) affected pigs in china and the united states, respectively. within one year (april 2013-april 2014) newly emerging mpcv2 strains were isolated in seven german pig farms routinely vacc ...201525669598
serological and virological survey of hepatitis e virus in wild boar populations in northwestern italy: detection of hev subtypes 3e and 3f.although rare in developed countries, most acquired human cases of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection are associated with travel to developing countries where hev is endemic. increasingly, however, sporadic, non-travel-related hev cases have been reported in developed countries. in italy, only two studies to date have investigated the presence of hev in wild boars. here, we report a serological and virological survey of hev in wild boar populations in northwestern italy. during the hunting season ...201525283611
belgian wildlife as potential zoonotic reservoir of hepatitis e virus.hepatitis e is an acute human liver disease in healthy individuals but may become chronic in immunocompromised patients. it is caused by the hepatitis e virus (hev) and can have a zoonotic origin, particularly in high-income countries. in this study, 383 sera from wild boars were selected for serology; for virological analyses, 69 sera and 61 livers from young wild boars were used. a total of 189 and 235 sera of, respectively, red deer and roe deer were collected for serological analysis. for vi ...201526518619
detection of hepatitis e virus rna in raw sausages and liver sausages from retail in germany using an optimized method.hepatitis e virus (hev) is a pathogen of increasing importance, which can be zoonotically transmitted from domestic pigs, wild boar, and deer to humans. foodborne transmission by consumption of raw and undercooked liver, meat, or sausages prepared from infected animals has been documented. the aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of hev in different types of sausages sold in germany. as no standardized methods for hev detection in food exist, several techniques of sample homogen ...201526433460
chronically infected wild boar can transmit genotype 3 hepatitis e virus to domestic pigs.hepatitis e virus (hev) causes acute hepatitis e in humans in developing countries, but sporadic and autochthonous cases do also occur in industrialized nations. in europe, food-borne zoonotic transmission of genotype 3 (gt3) has been associated with the consumption of raw and undercooked products from domestic pig and wild boar. as shown recently, naturally acquired hev gt3 replicates efficiently in experimentally infected wild boar and is transmissible from a wild boar to domestic pigs. genera ...201526344041
hepatitis e virus in domestic pigs, wild boars, pig farm workers, and hunters in estonia.while hepatitis e is a growing health concern in europe, epidemiological data on hepatitis e virus (hev) in estonia are scarce. along with imported hev infections, autochthonous cases are reported from european countries. both domestic and wild animals can be a source of human cases of this zoonosis. here, we investigated the presence of anti-hev antibodies and hev rna in domestic pigs and wild boars, as well as in pig farm workers and hunters in estonia. anti-hev antibodies were detected in 234 ...201526141050
hepatitis e virus of subtype 3a in a pig farm, south-eastern france.hepatitis e virus (hev) has emerged during the past decade as a causative agent of autochthonous hepatitis and is a clinical concern in western developed countries. it has been increasingly recognized that pigs are a major reservoir of hev of genotypes 3 and 4 worldwide and pig-derived food items represent a potential source of infections by these viruses in humans. hepatitis e virus rna testing was performed here on faeces from rectal swabs sampled in 2012 from 50 3-month-old farm pigs from the ...201526102074
hepatitis e virus genotype 3 diversity: phylogenetic analysis and presence of subtype 3b in wild boar in europe.an increasing number of indigenous cases of hepatitis e caused by genotype 3 viruses (hev-3) have been diagnosed all around the word, particularly in industrialized countries. hepatitis e is a zoonotic disease and accumulating evidence indicates that domestic pigs and wild boars are the main reservoirs of hev-3. a detailed analysis of hev-3 subtypes could help to determine the interplay of human activity, the role of animals as reservoirs and cross species transmission. although complete genome ...201526008708
distribution and molecular characterization of hepatitis e virus in domestic animals and wildlife in croatia.hepatitis e is becoming a growing health concern in european countries as an increase of sporadic human cases of unknown origin has been recorded lately. its causative agent, hepatitis e virus (hev), is known to have zoonotic potential and thus the role of domestic and wild animals in the chain of viral spread should be considered when investigating risk factors and the epidemiology of the disease. a comprehensive survey based on viral rna detection was carried out in croatia including blood, sp ...201525820413
prevalence of hepatitis e virus in populations of wild animals in comparison with animals bred in game enclosures.hepatitis e virus (hev) is now accepted as a zoonotic virus, and domestic pigs, wild boars and deer are recognised as natural reservoirs of the pathogen. in this study, 762 animals (wild boars, fallow deer, red deer, sika deer, roe deer and mouflons) originating from the wild and from game enclosures were tested for the presence of hev rna by qrt-pcr. hev rna was detected in wild boars (96/450), red deer (2/169), roe deer (1/30) and mouflons (5/39). the sequence relationship between hev isolates ...201525771162
domestic pigs are susceptible to infection with influenza b viruses.influenza b virus (ibv) causes seasonal epidemics in humans. although ibv has been isolated from seals, humans are considered the primary host and reservoir of this important pathogen. it is unclear whether other animal species can support the replication of ibv and serve as a reservoir. swine are naturally infected with both influenza a and c viruses. to determine the susceptibility of pigs to ibv infection, we conducted a serological survey for u.s. midwest domestic swine herds from 2010 to 20 ...201525673727
dynamics of virus shedding and antibody responses in influenza a virus-infected feral swine.given their free-ranging habits, feral swine could serve as reservoirs or spatially dynamic 'mixing vessels' for influenza a virus (iav). to better understand virus shedding patterns and antibody response dynamics in the context of iav surveillance amongst feral swine, we used iav of feral swine origin to perform infection experiments. the virus was highly infectious and transmissible in feral swine, and virus shedding patterns and antibody response dynamics were similar to those in domestic swi ...201526297148
susceptibility of a north american culex quinquefasciatus to japanese encephalitis virus.japanese encephalitis virus (jev) is a flavivirus that is transmitted by culex (cx.) tritaeniorhynchus in tropical and subtropical regions of asia. the endemic transmission cycle involves domestic pigs and avian species that serve as amplification hosts; humans are incidental hosts that cannot develop a high-titer viremia sufficient for mosquito infection. although vaccination can be an effective strategy for disease prevention and is used extensively in multiple asian countries, unvaccinated im ...201526565775
increased mycoplasma hyopneumoniae disease prevalence in domestic hybrids among free-living wild boar.wildlife immune genes are subject to natural selection exerted by pathogens. in contrast, domestic immune genes are largely protected from pathogen selection by veterinary care. introgression of domestic alleles into the wild could lead to increased disease susceptibility, but observations are scarce due to low introgression rates, low disease prevalence and reduced survival of domestic hybrids. here we report the first observation of a deleterious effect of domestic introgression on disease pre ...201526391376
secondary structure analysis of swine pasivirus (family picornaviridae) rna reveals a type-iv ires and a parechovirus-like 3' utr organization.the potential rna structures of the 5' and 3' untranslated regions (utrs) and cis-acting replication elements (cres) of a novel pasivirus (pav) genotype (family picornaviridae) were analysed. pav-a3 (km259923) was identified in a faecal sample from a domestic pig in hungary with posterior paraplegia of unknown etiology. based on likely structural features of the 5' utr, the pasiviruses were inferred to possess hepacivirus/pestivirus-like type-iv ires. the pasivirus cre was mapped to the 2b genom ...201525716922
serological and molecular evidence of hepadnavirus infection in swine.recently, investigations in a swine herd identified evidence of the existence of a novel member of the hepadnavirus family endemic in swine. the aim of this study was to investigate the serological and molecular markers of hepadnavirus circulation in brazilian domestic swine and wild boar herds, and to evaluate the identity with hbv and other hepadnaviruses reported previously.201525780820
evaluation of the zoonotic potential of a novel reassortant h1n2 swine influenza virus with gene constellation derived from multiple viral sources.in 2011-2012, contemporary north american-like h3n2 swine influenza viruses (sivs) possessing the 2009 pandemic h1n1 matrix gene (h3n2pm-like virus) were detected in domestic pigs of south korea where h1n2 siv strains are endemic. more recently, we isolated novel reassortant h1n2 sivs bearing the eurasian avian-like swine h1-like hemagglutinin and korean swine h1n2-like neuraminidase in the internal gene backbone of the h3n2pm-like virus. in the present study, we clearly provide evidence on the ...201526051886
serological and molecular investigation of swine hepatitis e virus in pigs raised in southern italy.hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is a common acute hepatitis transmitted by the fecal-oral route. in developed countries, the virus has a zoonotic potential, and domestic pigs and wild boars are considered main reservoirs. to assess the prevalence of hev-positive animals in the calabria region (southern italy) on a serological and molecular level, a total of 216 autochthonous healthy pigs (apulo-calabrese breed) were sampled. both sera and feces were collected. pigs were grouped based on age: 1 ...201526555536
molecular typing and phylogenetic analysis of classical swine fever virus isolates from kerala, india.classical swine fever (csf) is an economically important disease of pigs caused by csf virus (csfv) belonging to the genus pestivirus within the family flaviviridae. the disease is endemic in many countries including india. a comprehensive study was carried out to assess the type of csfv circulating in the south indian state of kerala. during the period 2013-2014, clinical samples were collected from 19 suspected csf outbreaks of domestic pigs in different districts of kerala. the samples were t ...201526645036
evaluation of an erns-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to distinguish classical swine fever virus-infected pigs from pigs vaccinated with cp7_e2alf.infections with classical swine fever virus (csfv) are a major economic threat to pig production. to combat csf outbreaks and to maintain trade, new marker vaccines were developed that allow differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (diva principle). the chimeric pestivirus cp7_e2alf was shown to be safe and efficacious. its diva strategy is based on the detection of csfv e(rns)-specific antibodies that are only developed on infection. however, for the new marker vaccine to be consider ...201526179095
transfection of rna from organ samples of infected animals represents a highly sensitive method for virus detection and recovery of classical swine fever virus.translation and replication of positive stranded rna viruses are directly initiated in the cellular cytoplasm after uncoating of the viral genome. accordingly, infectious virus can be generated by transfection of rna genomes into susceptible cells. in the present study, efficiency of conventional virus isolation after inoculation of cells with infectious sample material was compared to virus recovery after transfection of total rna derived from organ samples of pigs infected with classical swine ...201525961582
studying classical swine fever virus: making the best of a bad virus.classical swine fever (csf) is a highly contagious and often fatal disease that affects domestic pigs and wild boars. outbreak of csf can cause heavy economic losses to the pig industry. the strategies to prevent, control and eradicate csf disease are based on containing the disease through a systematic prophylactic vaccination policy and a non-vaccination stamping-out policy. the quest for prevention, control and eradication of csf has moved research forward in academia and industry, and has pr ...201525510481
assessment of chlamydia suis infection in pig farmers.chlamydia suis infections are endemic in domestic pigs in europe and can lead to conjunctivitis, pneumonia, enteritis and reproductive failure. currently, the knowledge on the zoonotic potential of c. suis is limited. moreover, the last decades, porcine tetracycline resistant c. suis strains have been isolated, which interfere with treatment of chlamydial infections. in this study, the presence of c. suis was examined on nine belgian pig farms, using chlamydia culture and a c. suis specific real ...201526576707
functional characterization of a novel lytic phage ecsw isolated from sus scrofa domesticus and its potential for phage therapy.in this study, multi-drug resistant escherichia coli sw1 (e. coli sw1) and active lytic phage ecsw was isolated from feces samples of sus scrofa domesticus (piglet) suffering from diarrhea. transmission electron microscopy (tem) indicated that isolated ecsw belongs to the myoviridae family with an icosahedral head (80 ± 4) and a long tail (180 ± 5 nm). the ecsw phage genome size was estimated to be approximately 75 kb of double-stranded dna (dsdna). phage dynamic studies show that the latent per ...201525805216
analysis of polymorphisms in the fut1 and tap1 genes and their influence on immune performance in pudong white pigs.fut1 and tap1 have been identified as candidate genes that offer resistance against escherichia coli f18 infection, with the aa genotype in fut1 and the gg genotype in tap1 conferring resistance. in order to confirm polymorphisms at fut1 m307 and tap1 g729, and evaluate their influence on immunity performance in pudong white pigs, we performed polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, measured immune indices, and compared the results with those observed in larg ...201526681213
approaches to characterize extended spectrum beta-lactamase/beta-lactamase producing escherichia coli in healthy organized vis-a-vis backyard farmed pigs in india.the study was undertaken to investigate the occurrence and to characterize the esbl/beta-lactamase producing-escherichia coli in healthy pigs of organized and backyard farms in west bengal, india. total 200 rectal swabs were collected randomly from healthy pigs maintained in four organized farms and 10 backyard farms (n=100 each) and 76 isolates were identified as e. coli from organized (48/100, 48%) and backyard pigs (28/100, 28%). twelve e. coli isolates (6%) in the present study were detected ...201526423671
clonal transmission of a colistin-resistant escherichia coli from a domesticated pig to a human in laos. 201526283671
epidemiology and molecular characterization of cryptosporidium spp. in humans, wild primates, and domesticated animals in the greater gombe ecosystem, tanzania.cryptosporidium is an important zoonotic parasite globally. few studies have examined the ecology and epidemiology of this pathogen in rural tropical systems characterized by high rates of overlap among humans, domesticated animals, and wildlife. we investigated risk factors for cryptosporidium infection and assessed cross-species transmission potential among people, non-human primates, and domestic animals in the gombe ecosystem, kigoma district, tanzania. a cross-sectional survey was designed ...201525700265
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