Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| Trichomonas vaginalis: current understanding of host-parasite interactions. | Trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted obligate extracellular parasite that colonizes the human urogenital tract. Despite being of critical importance to the parasite's survival relatively little is known about the mechanisms employed by T. vaginalis to establish an infection and thrive within its host. Several studies have focused on the interaction of the parasite with host cells and extracellular matrix, identifying multiple suspected T. vaginalis adhesins. However, with the exceptio ... | 2011 | 22023448 |
| evaluation and management of sexually transmitted infections in adolescent males presenting to a pediatric emergency department: is the chief complaint diagnostic? | the objectives of the study were to (1) describe evaluation and treatment patterns for adolescent males presenting with a concern for sexually transmitted infection (sti) in a pediatric emergency department, (2) assess the rates of stis in symptomatic males, and (3) determine the utility of urinalysis alone in predicting stis in adolescent males. | 2011 | 22068065 |
| NF-?B and CREB are involved in IL-8 production of human neutrophils induced by Trichomonas vaginalis-derived secretory products. | Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated lumen-dwelling extracellular protozoan parasite that causes human trichomoniasis via sexual intercourse. Human neutrophils play a crucial role in acute tissue inflammatory responses in T. vaginalis infection. In this study, we investigated the signaling mechanism of neutrophil responses when stimulated with T. vaginalis-derived secretory products (TvSP), which were collected from 1×10(7) live trichomonads. Incubation of human neutrophils isolated from perip ... | 2011 | 22072831 |
| pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (pfo) is a surface-associated cell-binding protein in trichomonas vaginalis and is involved in trichomonal adherence to host cells. | the trichomonas vaginalis 120 kda protein adhesin (ap120) is induced under iron-rich conditions and has sequence homology with pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase a (pfo a), a hydrogenosomal enzyme that is absent in humans. this homology raises the possibility that, like ap120, pfo might be localized to the parasite surface and participate in cytoadherence. here, the cellular localization and function of pfo that was expressed under various iron concentrations was investigated using a polyclonal ... | 2011 | 22130740 |
| The viral RNA-based transfection of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in the parasitic protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis. | Here we have developed methods to transiently and stably transfect the human pathogenic protist Trichomonas vaginalis. The viral RNA-based transfection vector pTVV-EGFP/NEO was constructed by using enhanced green fluorescent protein gene (EGFP) and neomycin resistance gene (NEO) in tandem to replace the whole gene encoding region of T. vaginalis virus (TVV). The in vitro transcripts of linearized pTVV-EGFP/NEO were electroporated into trophozoites and the transfectants transiently expressed EGFP ... | 2011 | 21861063 |
| a highly organized structure mediating nuclear localization of a myb2 transcription factor in the protozoan parasite trichomonas vaginalis. | nuclear proteins usually contain specific peptide sequences, referred to as nuclear localization signals (nlss), for nuclear import. these signals remain unexplored in the protozoan pathogen, trichomonas vaginalis. the nuclear import of a myb2 transcription factor was studied here using immunodetection of a hemagglutinin-tagged myb2 overexpressed in the parasite. the tagged myb2 was localized to the nucleus as punctate signals. with mutations of its polybasic sequences, 48kkqk51 and 61kr62, myb2 ... | 2011 | 22021237 |
| [Trichomonas vaginalis prevalence in sex workers]. | Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) usually associated to vaginitis, urethritis, cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease, which can cause infertility. The aim of this retrospective longitudinal study was to determine Trichomonas vaginalis prevalence in a population of male and female sex workers in Mendoza, Argentina. A cohort of 720 people who attended the STI Program in this province was retrospectively analyzed. From February 2007 up to June 2009, 1692 samples were pro ... | 2011 | 22057167 |
| chlamydial infection in a high risk population: association with vaginal flora patterns. | purpose: this study aimed to determine the frequency of chlamydia trachomatis (ct) infection among high risk brazilian women and evaluate its association with vaginal flora patterns. methods: this was a cross-sectional study, performed in an outpatient clinic of bauru state hospital, são paulo, brazil. a total of 142 women were included from 2006 to 2008. inclusion criteria was dyspareunia, pain during bimanual exam, presence of excessive cervical mucus, cervical ectopy or with three or more epi ... | 2011 | 21938501 |
| Refractory Trichomoniasis in HIV-positive and HIV-negative Subjects. | Trichomonas vaginalis, a common pathogen, remains widely unknown to the public. Its clinical consequences include upper genital tract infection, increased risk of preterm delivery, and increased risk of HIV transmission. Diagnostic tests, especially in men, have historically had low sensitivity, but the recent development of rapid, reliable point-of-care testing is a step toward improved detection. Reliable treatments for trichomoniasis are limited to the nitroimidazoles, and options for cases w ... | 2011 | 21922351 |
| sexual assault and abuse of children. | testing for sexually transmitted infections (stis) in children presents a number of problems for the practitioner that are not usually faced when testing adults for the same infections. the identification of an sti in a child can have, in addition to medical implications, serious legal implications. the presence of an sti is often used to support the presence or allegations, or, in some cases, may prompt an investigation of possible abuse. the purpose of this paper is to review the recent data o ... | 2011 | 22080264 |
| [research progress on the molecular pathogenesis of trichomonas vaginalis]. | trichomonas vaginalis is one of the most common human sexually transmitted pathogens that colonize the urogenital mucosa. this paper reviews those factors in the molecular pathogenesis of the parasite, including cell adhesin, interaction with fibronectin and laminin, g-proteins, pore-forming protein and proteinases. | 2011 | 21970114 |
| response to 'trichomonas vaginalis among multiethnic female uk students'. | 2011 | 21917700 | |
| [Effects of the symbiosis of Trichomonas vaginalis with Mycoplasma hominis on ferredoxin gene]. | We isolated 30 Trichomonas vaginalis for the PCR detection from the gynecological outpatients in the Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University using the specific 16s rDNA primers of Mycoplasma hominis. The results showed that there were 25 cases of Mycoplasma hominis infection, with the infection rate of 83.33%. This gave a clew that the symbiosis of Trichomonas vaginalis with Mycoplasma hominis may be of certain generality in China. We sequenced the ferredoxin gene of 10 Trichomonas vaginalis ... | 2011 | 21936384 |
| Impact of international laboratory partnerships on the performance of HIV/sexually transmitted infection testing in five resource-constrained countries. | To review a quality control and quality assurance (QC/QA) model established to ensure the validity and reliability of collection, storage and analysis of biological outcome data, and to promote good laboratory practices (GLPs) and sustained operational improvements in international clinical laboratories, we conducted a two-arm randomized community-level HIV behavioural intervention trial in five countries: China, India, Peru, Russia and Zimbabwe. The trial was based on diffusion theory utilizing ... | 2011 | 22096049 |
| Trichomonas vaginalis genital infections: progress and challenges. | Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infection is the most prevalent curable sexually transmitted infection in the United States and worldwide. Most TV infections are asymptomatic, and the accurate diagnosis of this infection has been limited by lack of sufficiently sensitive and specific diagnostic tests, particularly for men. To provide updates for the 2010 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, a PubMed search was conducted of all TV literature ... | 2011 | 22080269 |
| longitudinal examination of alcohol use: a predictor of risky sexual behavior and trichomonas vaginalis among african-american female adolescents. | alcohol use has been linked to risky sexual practices among adolescents. however, limited research on alcohol use and risky sexual behavior has been conducted on african-american female adolescents. this study examined high quantity of alcohol as a longitudinal predictor of risky sexual behavior and sexually transmitted diseases (stds) among african-american female adolescents, a high-risk population for stds. | 2011 | 20739910 |
| innate immunity and inflammatory response to trichomonas vaginalis and bacterial vaginosis: relationship to hiv acquisition. | most women contract hiv-1 through sexual intercourse with an infected partner. highly prevalent, unreported and often asymptomatic lower genital tract infections, including bacterial vaginosis (bv) and trichomoniasis (trichomonas vaginalis- tv), increase a woman's susceptibility to hiv-1 genital infection, given an exposure. a review of the literature from 1989 to the present was conducted. this article will review potential mechanisms by which bv and tv serve as hiv-1-enhancing cofactors includ ... | 2011 | 20678168 |
| microsatellite polymorphism in the sexually transmitted human pathogen trichomonas vaginalis indicates a genetically diverse parasite. | given the growing appreciation of serious health sequelae from widespread trichomonas vaginalis infection, new tools are needed to study the parasite's genetic diversity. to this end we have identified and characterized a panel of 21 microsatellites and six single-copy genes from the t. vaginalis genome, using seven laboratory strains of diverse origin. we have (1) adapted our microsatellite typing method to incorporate affordable fluorescent labeling, (2) determined that the microsatellite loci ... | 2011 | 20813140 |
| co-occurrence of trichomonas vaginalis and bacterial vaginosis among hiv-positive women. | trichomonas vaginalis (tv) and bacterial vaginosis (bv) were examined among human immunodeficiency virus+ women. the prevalence rates were 28.0% for tv, 51.4% for bv, and 17.5% for tv/bv co-infection. among human immunodeficiency virus+/tv+ women, the rate of bv was 61.0%. research is needed to examine how bv affects the clinical course and treatment of t. vaginalis. | 2011 | 20842073 |
| screening and bioguided fractionation of amaryllidaceae species with anti-trichomonas vaginalis activity. | the amaryllidaceae family is known by its ornamental and medicinal value and has attracted considerable attention due to the content of alkaloids of its species, which showed interesting biological properties. the present study evaluated the anti-trichomonas vaginalis activity of eighteen extracts (12.5 to 0.19 mg/ml) and six isolated alkaloids (125 to 1.9 µg/ml) from amaryllidaceae species. the alkaloids diminished the trophozoites viability (from 15 to 40 %). the extracts from hippeastrum brev ... | 2011 | 21308614 |
| lycorine induces cell death in the amitochondriate parasite, trichomonas vaginalis, via an alternative non-apoptotic death pathway. | in this study, the mechanism of action of the pro-apoptotic alkaloid lycorine on an amitochondriate cell, the parasite trichomonas vaginalis, was investigated. the cytotoxicity of lycorine against t. vaginalis was studied from 2.5 to 1000µm and several important ultrastructural alterations were observed by electron microscopy. lycorine arrested the t. vaginalis cell cycle, although no hallmarks of apoptosis, such as apoptotic bodies, were observed. consequently, the underlying mechanism of actio ... | 2011 | 21324496 |
| antimicrobial topical agents used in the vagina. | vaginally applied antimicrobial agents are widely used in the vagina in women with lower genital tract infections. an 'antimicrobial' is a general term that refers to a group of drugs that are effective against bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoa. topical treatments can be prescribed for a wide variety of vaginal infections. many bacterial infections, such as bacterial vaginosis, desquamative inflammatory vaginitis or, as some european authors call it, aerobic vaginitis as well as infection wi ... | 2011 | 21325838 |
| clinical isolates of trichomonas vaginalis concurrently infected by strains of up to four trichomonasvirus species (family totiviridae). | trichomonas vaginalis, which causes the most common nonviral sexually transmitted disease worldwide, is itself commonly infected by nonsegmented double-stranded rna (dsrna) viruses from the genus trichomonasvirus, family totiviridae. to date, cdna sequences of one or more strains of each of three trichomonasvirus species have been reported, and gel electrophoresis showing several different dsrna molecules obtained from a few t. vaginalis isolates has suggested that more than one virus strain mig ... | 2011 | 21345965 |
| fermentation enzymes of giardia intestinalis, pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase and hydrogenase, do not localize to its mitosomes. | it is becoming increasingly clear that the so-called remnant organelles of microaerophilic unicellular eukaryotes, hydrogenosomes and mitosomes, are significantly reduced versions of mitochondria. they normally lack most of the classic mitochondrial attributes, such as an electron transport chain and a genome. while hydrogenosomes generate energy by substrate-level phosphorylation along a hydrogen-producing fermentation pathway, involving iron-sulfur-cluster-containing enzymes pyruvate : ferredo ... | 2011 | 21349979 |
| comparison of affirm vpiii and papanicolaou tests in the detection of infectious vaginitis. | to compare the affirm vpiii molecular test (becton dickinson, burlington, nc) with morphologic identification used in routine papanicolaou (pap) test screening in the detection and identification of candida species, trichomonas vaginalis, and gardnerella vaginalis, we identified 431 cases with a concomitant pap test and affirm vpiii assay performed from the archives of a large academic institution. the study population consisted of women ranging in age from 17 to 79 years (mean and median ages, ... | 2011 | 21350100 |
| a systematic identification of kolobok superfamily transposons in trichomonas vaginalis and sequence analysis on related transposases. | transposons are sequence elements widely distributed among genomes of all three kingdoms of life, providing genomic changes and playing significant roles in genome evolution. trichomonas vaginalis is an excellent model system for transposon study since its genome (~160 mb) has been sequenced and is composed of ~65% transposons and other repetitive elements. in this study, we primarily report the identification of kolobok-type transposons (termed tvbac) in t. vaginalis and the results of transpos ... | 2011 | 21356525 |
| clinical trial report: duration of metronidazole therapy in hiv-infected women with trichomonas vaginalis: is more metronidazole better? | 2011 | 21365373 | |
| expedited partner treatment for sexually transmitted infections: an update. | to date, seven randomized trials have evaluated the efficacy of expedited partner treatment (ept). these trials have included heterosexual men and women and examine ept for chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoea, and trichomonas vaginalis. these studies demonstrated either superiority for percentage of partners being treated, for a reduction in repeat infections, or cost benefit for ept compared to the standard partner referral method and reported no adverse events. in the united states, al ... | 2011 | 21365383 |
| sexually transmissible infections among female sex workers in manado, indonesia, using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction-based reverse line blot assay. | sexually transmissible infections (stis) remain highly prevalent, and hiv is increasing, among female sex workers (fsws) in indonesia. our aim was to determine the prevalence of, and risk factors for, stis among fsws in manado, indonesia. | 2011 | 21371382 |
| prevalence over time and risk factors for sexually transmissible infections among newly-arrived female sex workers in timika, indonesia. | hiv rates are escalating in indonesia. at timika in papua, the world's largest gold mine employs many single and migrant men, who frequently have sex with female sex workers (fsws). we investigated trends of sexually transmissible infections (stis) in fsws in timika. | 2011 | 21371383 |
| trichomonas vaginalis infection among women in a low prevalence setting. | trichomonas vaginalis has become rare in australian cities but remains endemic in some remote regions. we describe the prevalence and associations of infection among women attending an urban australian sexual health clinic. | 2011 | 21371384 |
| use of the internet and self-collected samples as a sexually transmissible infection intervention in rural illinois communities. | in the usa, reported cases of chlamydia (chlamydia trachomatis) continue to rise despite substantial funding for screening. national gonorrhoea (neisseria gonorrhoeae) rates have remained relatively stable, with clusters associated with metropolitan areas. rural areas are no exception, as every county in illinois reported cases of chlamydia in 2007. morbidity associated with infection remains a public health concern, with costs of $us2.5+ billion annually. novel screening interventions must be e ... | 2011 | 21371388 |
| differences between african-american adolescent females with and without human papillomavirus infection. | an important policy question is whether high-risk populations can be identified and prioritised for human papillomavirus (hpv) immunisation. | 2011 | 21371396 |
| correlates of hiv-1 genital shedding in tanzanian women. | understanding the correlates of hiv shedding is important to inform strategies to reduce hiv infectiousness. we examined correlates of genital hiv-1 rna in women who were seropositive for both herpes simplex virus (hsv)-2 and hiv-1 and who were enrolled in a randomised controlled trial of hsv suppressive therapy (aciclovir 400 mg b.i.d vs. placebo) in tanzania. | 2011 | 21390251 |
| direct simultaneous detection of 6 sexually transmitted pathogens from clinical specimens by multiplex polymerase chain reaction and auto-capillary electrophoresis. | the availability of a reliable and user-friendly method to identify pathogens causing sexually transmitted diseases (stds) is essential to reduce the complications and spread of infection. in this study, genital/urinary specimens from 113 patients with stds were simultaneously tested for 6 pathogens using the automated seeplex-« (seegene, seoul, korea) multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based std6b auto-capillary electrophoresis (ace) system. the results were compared with conventional re ... | 2011 | 21392925 |
| histamine and tnf-alpha release by rat peritoneal mast cells stimulated with trichomonas vaginalis. | mast cells have been reported to be predominant in the vaginal smears of patients infected with t. vaginalis. in this study, we investigated whether t. vaginalis could induce mast cells to migrate and to produce tnf-alpha and histamine. rat peritoneal mast cells (rpmc), a primary mast cell, were used for the study. t. vaginalis induced an increase in chemotactic migration of the mast cells toward excretory and secretory product (esp) of t. vaginalis, and the mast cells activated with t. vaginali ... | 2011 | 21395205 |
| light microscopic observation on phagocytosis of candida spp. blastospores by trichomonas vaginalis in a patient with anal canal carcinoma. | 2011 | 21395883 | |
| synthesis of benzologues of nitazoxanide and tizoxanide: a comparative study of their in vitro broad-spectrum antiprotozoal activity. | we have synthesized two new benzologues of nitazoxanide (nit) and tizoxanide (tiz), using a short synthetic route. both compounds were tested in vitro against six protozoa (giardia intestinalis, trichomonas vaginalis, entamoeba histolytica, plasmodium berghei, leishmania mexicana and trypanosoma cruzi). compound 1 (benzologue of nit) showed broad antiprotozoal effect against all parasites tested, showing ic(50)'s<5 ++m. this compound was five-times more active than nit, and 18-times more potent ... | 2011 | 21397502 |
| trichomoniasis: evaluation to execution. | trichomoniasis is the most common sexually transmitted disease, caused by a motile flagellate non-invasive parasitic protozoan, trichomonas vaginalis (t. vaginalis). more than 160 million people worldwide are annually infected by this protozoan. t. vaginalis occupies an extracellular niche in the complex human genito-urinary environment (vagina, cervix, penis, prostate gland, and urethra) to survive, multiply and evade host defenses. t. vaginalis (strain g3) has a ~160 megabase genome with 60,00 ... | 2011 | 21440359 |
| hiv-infected women of burkina faso: a "reservoir" of mycoplasma infection. | the objective of this work was to assess the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (bv) and genital mycoplasma colonization in 251 hiv-positive compared to 200 hiv-negative women at the maternal and child health (mch) service of saint camille medical center ouagadougou (burkina faso). | 2011 | 21444986 |
| identification of antigenic proteins in trichomonas vaginalis. | trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease due to infection with trichomonas vaginalis, and it can cause serious consequences for women's health. to study the virulence factors of this pathogen, t. vaginalis surface proteins were investigated using polyclonal antibodies specific to the membrane fractions of t. vaginalis. the t. vaginalis expression library was constructed by cloning the cdna derived from mrna of t. vaginalis into a phage ? uni-zap xr vector, and then used for immunoscreeni ... | 2011 | 21461274 |
| detection of nanobacteria in patients with chronic prostatitis and vaginitis by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. | we aimed to investigate the detection of nanobacteria (nb) from expressed prostatic secretions (eps) in patients with category iii chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (cp/cpps) and from vaginal swabs in patients with vaginitis by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and to evaluate the association between nb and neisseria gonorrhea, chlamydia trachomatis, ureaplasma urealyticum (u. urealyticum), mycoplasma hominis, trichomonas vaginalis, and mycoplasma genitalium ... | 2011 | 21461284 |
| prediction and analysis of paralogous proteins in trichomonas vaginalis genome. | trichomonas vaginalis causes trichomoniasis, second most sexually transmitted disease. the genome sequence draft of t. vaginalis was published by the institute of genomic research reveals an abnormally large genome size of 160 mb. it was speculated that a significant portion of the proteome contains paralogous proteins. the present study was aimed at identification and analysis of the paralogous proteins. the all against all search approach is used to identify the paralogous proteins. the datase ... | 2011 | 21464842 |
| kinetic characterization and gene expression of adenosine deaminase in intact trophozoites of trichomonas vaginalis. | trichomonas vaginalis is a parasite that resides in the human urogenital tract and causes trichomonosis, the most prevalent nonviral sexually transmitted disease. nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (ntpdase), which hydrolyzes extracellular di- and triphosphate nucleotides, and ecto-5'-nucleotidase, which hydrolyzes amp, have been characterized in t. vaginalis. the aim of this study was to characterize the adenosine deaminase (ada) activity in intact trophozoites of t. vaginalis. a strong ... | 2011 | 21477257 |
| composition, and antimicrobial and remarkable antiprotozoal activities of the essential oil of rhizomes of aframomum sceptrum k. schum. (zingiberaceae). | the essential oil from the rhizomes of aframomum sceptrum (zingiberaceae) was analyzed by gc/ms, and its major constituents were found to be β-pinene (12.7%), caryophyllene oxide (10.0%), and cyperene (6.0%). the oil was also evaluated for antimicrobial activities, in comparison with β-pinene, caryophyllene oxide, and the leaf essential oil of melaleuca alternifolia (myrtaceae). the a. sceptrum essential oil exhibited bacteriostatic activity against the gram-positive bacteria bacillus subtilis, ... | 2011 | 21480511 |
| effect of mirazid (commiphora molmol) on experimental giardiasis. | mirazid -a purified oleo-resin extract derived from myrrh- with previously proved trematocidal activity, has been recently reported to be also effective against protozoa like trichomonas vaginalis and cryptosporidium in humans. this experimental study aimed at investigating the possible therapeutic effect of mirazid on experimental giardia lamblia infection in albino rats, using tinidazole as a therapeutic control. results proved the efficacy of mirazid, as indicated by a 100% reduction in paras ... | 2011 | 21634251 |
| the presence of dsrna virus in trichomonas vaginalis isolates from symptomatic and asymptomatic indian women and its correlation with in vitro metronidazole sensitivity. | trichomonas vaginalis, a protozoan parasite, is the causative agent of human trichomoniasis, the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease. the infection encompasses from a complete asymptomatic presentation to severe sequelae; yet, the virulence markers have been poorly understood. it is suggested that the presence of trichomonas vaginalis virus (tvv) in t. vaginalis may have an impact on its virulence, and its relatedness to in vitro metronidazole resistance has been reported. the aim ... | 2011 | 21654110 |
| mechanistic studies on the enzymatic processing of fluorinated methionine analogues by trichomonas vaginalis methionine γ-lyase. | tfm (l-trifluoromethionine), a potential prodrug, was reported to be toxic towards human pathogens that express mgl (l-methionine γ-lyase; ec 4.4.1.11), a pyridoxal phosphate-containing enzyme that converts l-methionine into α-oxobutyrate, ammonia and methyl mercaptan. it has been hypothesized that the extremely reactive thiocarbonyl difluoride is produced when the enzyme acts upon tfm, resulting in cellular toxicity. the potential application of the fluorinated thiomethyl group in other areas o ... | 2011 | 21658005 |
| high detection rate of trichomonas vaginalis in benign hyperplastic prostatic tissue. | while trichomonas vaginalis, a protozoan parasite, is a well-investigated pathogen in the female population, there is little awareness of its significance in the male uro-genital tract. the presence of t. vaginalis in the prostate gland has only been scarcely investigated and has never been attested in conditions other than clinical prostatitis. still, by some authors, this organ is regarded as ecologic niche for t. vaginalis. since normal prostate tissue of sufficient quality is hard to come by ... | 2011 | 21660495 |
| [development and use of test systems for the evaluation of sensitivity of trichomonas vaginalisto preparations of the 5-nitroimidazole and 5-nitrofuran groups]. | development of test system for the evaluation of sensitivity of trichomonas vaginalis to preparations of the 5-nitroimidazole and 5-nitrofuran groups. | 2011 | 21809648 |
| putrescine is required for the expression of eif-5a in trichomonas vaginalis. | recently, we found that trichomonas vaginalis contains a eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5a (tveif-5a) with unknown function in this parasite. eif-5a is the only cellular protein dependent of polyamines to form a hypusine residue, an unusual basic amino acid that is post-translationally formed by modification of a single specific lysine residue in an eif-5a precursor protein. the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a putrescine analogue, 1,4-diamino-2-butanone (dab), on ... | 2011 | 21801756 |
| evaluation of a new multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay stdfinder for the simultaneous detection of 7 sexually transmitted disease pathogens. | we evaluated a new multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mpcr), "stdfinder assay", a novel multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (mlpa) assay for the simultaneous detection of 7 clinically relevant pathogens of stds, i.e., neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis, trichomonas vaginalis, mycoplasma genitalium, treponema pallidum, and herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2). an internal amplification control was included in the mpcr reaction. the limits of detection for t ... | 2011 | 21798683 |
| finding cases of trichomonas vaginalis infection in england. | we describe the use of a new molecular assay for trichomonas vaginalis (tv), the gen-probe aptima tv (atv) in female attendees at community clinics, a genitourinary (gu) medicine clinic and a prison gu medicine service. positivity rates at community clinics and gu medicine were 0/382 (0%) and 3/358 (0.8%, 95% confidence interval [ci] 0-1.7%), respectively. positivity was significantly higher, 29/269 (10.8%, 95% ci 7.1-14.5%), odds ratio (or) 14.3 (4.11 < or < 59.55), in those tested at the priso ... | 2011 | 21795421 |
| the minimal kinome of giardia lamblia illuminates early kinase evolution and unique parasite biology. | abstract: background: the major human intestinal pathogen, giardia lamblia is a very early-branching eukaryote with a minimal genome of broad evolutionary and biological interest. results: to explore early kinase evolution and regulation of giardia biology, we cataloged the kinomes of three sequenced strains. comparison with published kinomes and those of the excavates trichomonas vaginalis and leishmania major shows that giardia's 80 core kinases constitute the smallest known core kinome of any ... | 2011 | 21787419 |
| development of a pigtail macaque model of sexually transmitted infection/hiv coinfection using chlamydia trachomatis, trichomonas vaginalis, and shiv(sf162p3). | background sexually transmitted infections (stis) are associated with an increased risk of hiv infection. to model the interaction between stis and hiv infection, we evaluated the capacity of the pigtail macaque model to sustain triple infection with trichomonas vaginalis, chlamydia trachomatis, and shiv(sf162p3) . methods seven shiv(sf162p3) -infected pigtail macaques were inoculated with t. vaginalis only (n = 2), c. trachomatis only (n = 1), both t. vaginalis and c. trachomatis (n = 2), or ... | 2011 | 21781129 |
| endometrial leukocyte subpopulations associated with chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and trichomonas vaginalis genital tract infection. | objective: the objective of the study was to characterize endometrial inflammation associated with common genital tract pathogens. study design: the design of the study was the immunohistochemical characterization of the endometrial leukocyte subpopulations from 37 controls and 45 women infected with chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, or trichomonas vaginalis. results: compared with uninfected women, endocervical infection with c trachomatis, n gonorrhoeae, or t vaginalis was associat ... | 2011 | 21777898 |
| identification and characterization of the immunogenic cytotoxic tvcp39 proteinase gene of trichomonas vaginalis. | tvcp39 is a 39kda cysteine proteinase (cp) involved in trichomonas vaginalis cytotoxicity that has been found in vaginal secretions and is immunogenic in patients with trichomonosis. the goal of this work was to identify, clone, express, and characterize the tvcp39 gene. the tvcp39 gene was identified using a proteomic approach, and the complete gene was amplified using pcr, cloned, and sequenced. tvcp39 is encoded by a 915-bp cathepsin l-like cp gene. a fragment corresponding to the mature regi ... | 2011 | 21777690 |
| [comparing the occurrence of trichomonas vaginalis infections today to ten years ago among women prostitutes and gynecology and obstetrics patients]. | objective: trichomonas vaginalis is is a monoxenous parasite which lives in human urogenital systems and causes sex transmitted disease through human sexual contact. disease frequency has been seen at different rates in different communities or in the same community depending on people's sociocultural status. previously we made a study for determining prevalence of t. vaginalis infection in woman living in istanbul. we made this present study for determining any difference in prevalence in compa ... | 2011 | 21776589 |
| molecular basis of the recognition of the ap65-1 gene transcription promoter elements by a myb protein from the protozoan parasite trichomonas vaginalis. | iron-inducible transcription of the ap65-1 gene in trichomonas vaginalis involves at least three myb-like transcriptional factors (tvmyb1, tvmyb2 and tvmyb3) that differentially bind to two closely spaced promoter sites, mre-1/mre-2r and mre-2f. here, we defined a fragment of tvmyb2 comprising residues 40-156 (tvmyb2(40-156)) as the minimum structural unit that retains near full binding affinity with the promoter dnas. like c-myb in vertebrates, the dna-free tvmyb2(40-156) has a flexible and ope ... | 2011 | 21771861 |
| comparative drug susceptibility study of five clonal strains of trichomonas vaginalis in vitro. | to produce comparative data on a group of trichomonas vaginalis clonal strains with varied drug responses using identical methods and materials. | 2011 | 21771415 |
| rare case of trichomonal peritonitis. | to the editor: trichomonads are flagellated protozoa with several species capable of infecting or colonizing humans. the most common, trichomonas vaginalis, causes genitourinary infection in adults and, rarely, respiratory infections in premature neonates of infected mothers. pentatrichomonas hominis has been isolated from the human gastrointestinal tract, and trichomonas tenax, a human oropharynx commensal, has caused empyema in immunocompomised persons. rare cases of human peritonitis caused b ... | 2011 | 21762600 |
| prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis infection in symptomatic adolescent females presenting to a pediatric emergency department. | academic emergency medicine 2011; 18:763-766 © 2011 by the society for academic emergency medicine abstract: objectives: adolescent females are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted infections (stis). although trichomonas vaginalis (tv) has been declared the most common nonviral sti, tv testing is not routinely conducted in the emergency department (ed), and when it is performed, insensitive testing methods are often used. therefore, this study sought to determine the prevalence o ... | 2011 | 21762238 |
| atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance: bethesda classification and association with human papillomavirus. | introduction. to analyze patients with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ascus) through a cytology review and the presence of microbiological agents, with consideration of colposcopy and semiannual tracking. methods. 103 women with ascus were reviewed and reclassified: normal/inflammatory, ascus, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (lsil), or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (hsil). if ascus confirmed, it was subclassified in reactive or neoplastic ascus, asc- ... | 2011 | 21760701 |
| association between sexually transmitted diseases and young adults' self-reported abstinence. | self-reported behavior has been the cornerstone of sexual health research and clinical practice, yet advances in sexually transmitted disease (std) screening provide researchers with the opportunity to objectively quantify sexual risk behaviors. however, the extent to which young adults' laboratory-confirmed std results and self-reported sexual behaviors are consistent has not been assessed in a nationally representative sample. | 2011 | 21199852 |
| changing sexually transmitted infection screening protocol will result in improved case finding for trichomonas vaginalis among high-risk female populations. | : trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted infection, which is largely underestimated because of ineffective screening protocols and lack of public health attention. | 2011 | 21217417 |
| involvement of the gp63 protease in infection of trichomonas vaginalis. | there are 48 members of the gp63 protease family in trichomonas vaginalis according to our annotations; 37 of them are predicted to be transmembrane proteins. because the gp63 protease family is the largest surface protease family and the second largest surface protein family, they are most likely to be involved in the interactions between t. vaginalis and the host cell surfaces, or otherwise participate in infection. we performed a preliminary study on the functions of gp63 in t. vaginalis (tvg ... | 2011 | 21221643 |
| novel core promoter elements and a cognate transcription factor in the divergent unicellular eukaryote trichomonas vaginalis. | a highly conserved dna initiator (inr) element has been the only core promoter element described in the divergent unicellular eukaryote trichomonas vaginalis, although genome analyses reveal that only ∼75% of protein-coding genes appear to contain an inr. in search of another core promoter element(s), a nonredundant database containing 5' untranslated regions of expressed t. vaginalis genes was searched for overrepresented dna motifs and known eukaryotic core promoter elements. in addition to id ... | 2011 | 21245378 |
| comparison of aptima trichomonas vaginalis transcription-mediated amplification assay and bd affirm vpiii for detection of t. vaginalis in symptomatic women: performance parameters and epidemiological implications. | trichomonas vaginalis is an underestimated sexually transmitted infection (sti) associated with numerous clinical sequelae. the true prevalence and clinical impact of trichomoniasis are unknown, as current methods of detection exhibit poor sensitivity compared to molecular amplification methods. limited data exist comparing the bd affirm vpiii hybridization assay to the gen-probe aptima t. vaginalis (atv) transcription-mediated amplification (tma) assay for detection of t. vaginalis. in this stu ... | 2011 | 21248097 |
| the influence of bacterial vaginosis on the response to trichomonas vaginalis treatment among hiv-infected women. | trichomonas vaginalis (tv) is common in hiv+ women, and host factors may play a role in tv treatment outcomes. the purpose of this study was to examine the influence of bacterial vaginosis (bv) on the response to tv treatment among hiv+ women. | 2011 | 21278401 |
| demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics of men with nongonococcal urethritis differ by etiology: a case-comparison study. | nongonococcal urethritis (ngu) is common, yet up to 50% of cases have no defined etiology. the extent to which risk profiles and clinical presentations of pathogen-associated and idiopathic cases differ is largely unknown. | 2011 | 21285914 |
| re-evaluating the treatment of nongonococcal urethritis: emphasizing emerging pathogens--a randomized clinical trial. | nongonococcal urethritis (ngu) is a common chlamydia-associated syndrome in men; however, trichomonas vaginalis and mycoplasma genitalium are associated with its etiology and should be considered in approaches to therapy. we sought to determine whether the addition of tinidazole, an anti-trichomonal agent, to the treatment regimen would result in higher cure rates than those achieved with treatment with doxycycline or azithromycin alone. a secondary aim was to compare the efficacy of doxycycline ... | 2011 | 21288838 |
| effect of the antimicrobial peptide tritrpticin on the in vitro viability and growth of trichomonas vaginalis. | antimicrobial peptides are widely distributed in nature; they play important roles in several aspects of innate immunity and may provide a basis for the design of novel therapeutic agents. in this study, c-amidated tritrpticin, a 13 amino acid tryptophan-rich antimicrobial peptide derived from a porcine cathelicidin, was tested against trichomonas vaginalis, a protozoan that causes a serious non-viral sexually transmitted disease associated with preterm birth, low birth weight, and high risk of ... | 2011 | 20640424 |
| entamoeba histolytica and trichomonas vaginalis: trophozoite growth inhibition by metronidazole electro-transferred water. | the influence of low-frequency electromagnetic (lf-em) waves on microorganisms has been a subject of experimental investigations for more than two decades and the results are promising. in parallel, an interesting procedure known as biophysical-information-therapy or bioresonance therapy (brt) which in principle is based on lf-em stimulation, has emerged. brt was discovered in the late 1980's but it is still poorly studied. this paper demonstrates that by transferring metronidazole information t ... | 2011 | 20603119 |
| access to health services and sexually transmitted infections in a cohort of relocating african american public housing residents: an association between travel time and infection. | background:: high incidence and prevalence of sexually transmitted infection (sti) in blacks have been attributed to multiple factors. however, few articles have discussed spatial access to healthcare as a driver of disparities. the objective of this analysis was to evaluate the relationship between travel time to a healthcare provider and the likelihood of testing positive for 1 of 3 stis in a sample of adults living in public housing. methods:: one hundred and eight black adults in atlanta, ga ... | 2012 | 22249300 |
| leukotriene b(4) receptors blt1 and blt2 are involved in interleukin-8 production in human neutrophils induced by trichomonas vaginalis-derived secretory products. | trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan parasite that causes human trichomoniasis. although t. vaginalis itself can secrete lipid mediator leukotriene (lt) b(4) leading to neutrophil activation, information regarding the signaling mechanism involved in neutrophil activation induced by t. vaginalis-secreted ltb(4) is limited. we investigated whether ltb(4) contained in the t. vaginalis-derived secretory products (tvsp) is closely involved in interleukin (il)-8 production in human neutrop ... | 2012 | 22215047 |
| validation of novel fluorescence assays for the routine screening of drug susceptibilities of trichomonas vaginalis. | objectives: to evaluate existing protocols, based on alamar blue (resazurin), for the routine determination of drug susceptibility in trichomonads, develop new ones and validate these by screening small antiprotozoal libraries. methods: the resazurin-based assay was evaluated by determining fluorescence development in trichomonas media with various cell densities after various intervals and in the presence of metronidazole. similar investigations were performed with the alternative fluorophores ... | 2012 | 22258922 |
| Structure of the Trichomonas vaginalis Myb3 DNA-binding domain bound to a promoter sequence reveals a unique C-terminal ß-hairpin conformation. | Trichomonas vaginalis Myb3 transcription factor (tvMyb3) recognizes the MRE-1 promoter sequence and regulates ap65-1 gene, which encodes a hydrogenosomal malic enzyme that may play a role in the cytoadherence of the parasite. Here, we identified tvMyb3(53-180) as the essential fragment for DNA recognition and report the crystal structure of tvMyb3(53-180) bound to MRE-1 DNA. The N-terminal fragment adopts the classical conformation of an Myb DNA-binding domain, with the third helices of R2 and R ... | 2012 | 21908401 |
| Iron-saturated lactoferrin and pathogenic protozoa: could this protein be an iron source for their parasitic style of life? | Iron is an essential nutrient for the survival of pathogens inside a host. As a general strategy against microbes, mammals have evolved complex iron-withholding systems for efficiently decreasing the iron accessible to invaders. Pathogens that inhabit the respiratory, intestinal and genitourinary tracts encounter an iron-deficient environment on the mucosal surface, where ferric iron is chelated by lactoferrin, an extracellular glycoprotein of the innate immune system. However, parasitic protozo ... | 2012 | 22191452 |
| ongoing sexually transmitted disease acquisition and risk-taking behavior among us hiv-infected patients in primary care: implications for prevention interventions. | to better understand the factors associated with hiv- and sexually transmitted disease (std)-transmitting behavior among hiv-infected persons, we estimated std prevalence and incidence and associated risk factors among a diverse sample of hiv-infected patients in primary care. | 2012 | 22183836 |
| Genetic characterization of three Cuban Trichomonas vaginalis virus. Phylogeny of Totiviridae family. | Trichomonas vaginalis can be infected with double stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses known as T. vaginalis virus (TVV). This viral infection may have important implications for trichomonal virulence and disease pathogenesis. In this study we identified and genetic characterized three strains of TVVs isolated from T. vaginalis in Cuba. The three new predicted sequences of capsid protein and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase amounted to the previously determined 20 TVV sequences and other 21 viruses of Totiv ... | 2012 | 22075038 |
| Modified Field stain - rapid viability test for Trichomonas vaginalis. | Aims: We previously reported that Modified Field Stain (MF) can be used as a rapid stain for diagnosis. In the present study we extend the observation to include the stain as an alternative method to assess viability of the cells. Methods and Results: Six isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis were used to assess the utility of the Modified Field stain as a rapid viability test for T. vaginalis and to compare with 0·4% Trypan Blue dye exclusion test in three conditions; normal in vitro culture grow ... | 2012 | 22040369 |
| Involvement of mast cells in inflammation induced by Trichomonas vaginalis via crosstalk with vaginal epithelial cells. | Vaginal epithelial cells (VECs) are thought to function as immune-responsive cells in trichomoniasis, and mast cells have been detected in vaginal smears and the vaginal wall in trichomoniasis. It therefore seemed possible that the VEC-trichomonad reaction might affect the activity of mast cells present in the lamina propria of the vaginal mucosa. In this study, we tested whether culture supernatants of VEC incubated with Trichomonas vaginalis (TCM) could stimulate mast cells. When VECs (MS74) w ... | 2012 | 21981317 |
| UDP-xylose and UDP-galactose synthesis in Trichomonas vaginalis. | The presence of xylose and galactose residues in the structure of trichomonad lipoglycans was indicated by previous studies and the modification of any glycoconjugate with either monosaccharide requires the respective presence of the nucleotide sugars, UDP-xylose and UDP-galactose. Biosynthesis of UDP-xylose de novo is mediated by UDP-xylose synthase (UXS; UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase), which converts UDP-glucuronic acid to UDP-xylose, whereas UDP-galactose can be generated from UDP-glucose ... | 2012 | 22008417 |
| alternative 2-keto acid oxidoreductases in trichomonas vaginalis: artifact of histochemical staining. | trichomonas vaginalis has been reported to possess alternative 2-keto acid oxidoreductases (kors). these enzymes preferentially used indolepyruvate in a reaction that resembled that of pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (pfo). however, the kors did not reduce ferredoxin and remained active in metronidazole-resistant trichomonads lacking pfo. therefore, it was proposed that the kors may help trichomonads to survive in the presence of metronidazole. the kors were identified using activity staining ... | 2012 | 21963439 |
| standard treatment regimens for nongonococcal urethritis have similar but declining cure rates: a randomized controlled trial. | azithromycin or doxycycline is recommended for nongonococcal urethritis (ngu); recent evidence suggests their efficacy has declined. we compared azithromycin and doxycycline in men with ngu, hypothesizing that azithromycin was more effective than doxycycline. | 2012 | 23223595 |
| female epidemiology of transcription-mediated amplification-based trichomonas vaginalis detection in a metropolitan setting with a high prevalence of sexually transmitted infection. | recent literature has reported increased accuracy of trichomonas vaginalis transcription-mediated amplification (tma)-based analyte-specific reagent (asr) testing in female populations. a retrospective investigation assessed 7,277 female first-void urine, cervical, or vaginal specimens submitted from a high-prevalence sexually transmitted infection (sti) community to characterize prevalence of disease etiologies. the most common sti phenotype reflected detection of solely t. vaginalis (54.2% of ... | 2012 | 23015673 |
| abnormal vaginal ph and mycoplasma genitalium infection. | mycoplasma genitalium (mg) is a sexually transmitted pathogen linked to female morbidity, but testing for mg is not standardized. we aimed to determine which point-of-care (poc) vaginal tests could predict mg infection. | 2012 | 23158750 |
| comparison of self-obtained penile-meatal swabs to urine for the detection of c. trachomatis, n. gonorrhoeae and t. vaginalis. | self-obtained penile-meatal swabs and urine specimens have been used for chlamydia trachomatis (ct), neisseria gonorrhoeae (ng) and trichomonas vaginalis (tv) for outreach screening in men. | 2012 | 23093735 |
| prevalence and risk factors for bacterial vaginosis and other vulvovaginitis in a population of sexually active adolescents from salvador, bahia, brazil. | bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, and genital candidiasis are considered the main etiologies of vulvovaginitis. few studies estimate the prevalence of vulvovaginitis among adolescents, especially in brazil. this study aimed to determine the prevalence and main risk factors associated with bacterial vaginosis and genital infection by c. albicans and trichomonas vaginalis among a group of adolescents from salvador, bahia, brazil. one hundred sexually active adolescents followed at an adolescent ... | 2012 | 23133306 |
| the role of physical examination in diagnosing common causes of vaginitis: a prospective study. | we evaluated agreement in diagnoses for bacterial vaginosis (bv), trichomonas vaginalis (tv) and vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc) between clinicians examining the patient and performing diagnostic tests versus a clinician with access only to the patient's history and diagnostic findings from self-obtained vaginal swabs (sovs). | 2012 | 23019659 |
| condom effectiveness against non-viral sexually transmitted infections: a prospective study using electronic daily diaries. | to prospectively evaluate the protective value of consistent and correct use of latex condoms against the acquisition of chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae and trichomonas vaginalis. | 2012 | 23002192 |
| modeling the impact of trichomonas vaginalis infection on hiv transmission in hiv-infected individuals in medical care. | to assess factors associated with having a trichomonas vaginalis (tv) infection among persons receiving care for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and estimate the number of transmitted hiv infections attributable to tv. | 2012 | 22902662 |
| prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis and coinfection with chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae in the united states as determined by the aptima trichomonas vaginalis nucleic acid amplification assay. | our aim was to determine trichomonas vaginalis prevalence using the aptima trichomonas vaginalis assay (atv; gen-probe) and the prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae coinfections in u.s. women undergoing screening for c. trachomatis/n. gonorrhoeae. discarded urogenital samples from 7,593 women (18 to 89 years old) undergoing c. trachomatis/n. gonorrhoeae screening using the aptima combo 2 assay (gen-probe) in various clinical settings were tested with atv. overall, t. vag ... | 2012 | 22622447 |
| evaluation of association between vaginal infections and high-risk human papillomavirus types in female sex workers in spain. | background. infection with and persistence of high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-hpv) are the strongest risk factors for cervical cancer. in addition, other genital microorganisms may also be involved in the progression of hpv-associated lesions. objetive. to evaluate the association of the vaginal microbiota (candida spp., trichomonas vaginalis, and bacterial vaginosis) with hr-hpv infection in spanish female sex workers (fsws). methods. this cross-sectional study involved 208 (fsws; age, 18-49 ... | 2012 | 22900198 |
| use of nucleic acid amplification testing for diagnosis of anorectal sexually transmitted infections. | nucleic acid amplification testing (naat) has become the preferred method to detect chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae, but no commercial tests are cleared by the u.s. food and drug administration for use with rectal swab samples. this study evaluated the performance of strand displacement amplification (sda) and transcription-mediated amplification (tma) to detect c. trachomatis and n. gonorrhoeae and to determine if tma could also detect mycoplasma genitalium and trichomonas vagin ... | 2012 | 22493338 |
| chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma genitalium, and trichomonas vaginalis infections in men with nongonococcal urethritis: predictors and persistence after therapy. | chlamydia trachomatis (ct), mycoplasma genitalium (mg), and trichomonas vaginalis (tv) are sexually transmitted infections (stis) associated with nongonococcal urethritis (ngu). we assessed their predictors and persistence after treatment. | 2012 | 22615318 |
| can mailed swab samples be dry-shipped for the detection of chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and trichomonas vaginalis by nucleic acid amplification tests? | dry-shipped and mailed vaginal swabs collected at home have been used in research studies for the detection of chlamydia trachomatis (ct), neisseria gonorrhoeae (gc), and trichomonas vaginalis (tv) by nucleic acid amplification tests (naats) in screening programs. a verification study was performed to compare the limit of detection of ct, gc, and tv on swabs that were dry-shipped to paired swabs that were wet-shipped in transport media through the us mail. the centers for disease control and pre ... | 2012 | 22578934 |
| the effect of medical male circumcision on urogenital mycoplasma genitalium among men in kisumu, kenya. | we determined the prevalence of urethral mycoplasma genitalium (mg) infection and whether infection was associated with circumcision status among men enrolled in the randomized trial of medical male circumcision to prevent hiv acquisition in kisumu, kenya. | 2012 | 22421693 |
| high prevalence of hiv and sexually transmitted infections among male sex workers in abidjan, cote d'ivoire: need for services tailored to their needs. | to assess condom use and prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (sti) and hiv among male sex workers (msw) in abidjan, côte d'ivoire. | 2012 | 22328644 |
| anti-trichomonas vaginalis activity of saponins from quillaja, passiflora, and ilex species. | trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan that causes trichomonosis, the most prevalent non-viral std worldwide. the pathogen has been associated with serious health consequences including predisposition to cervical cancer and adverse pregnancy outcomes and infertility. it also acts as a co-factor in hiv transmission and acquisition. the 5-nitroimidazole drugs are used in the treatment, however, treatment noncompliance is observed, and a growing number of t. vaginalis isolates resistant t ... | 2012 | 22218924 |