Publications

evolution of new disease specificity at a simple resistance locus in a crop-weed complex: reconstitution of the lr21 gene in wheat.	the wheat leaf-rust resistance gene lr21 was first identified in an iranian accession of goatgrass, aegilops tauschii coss., the d-genome donor of hexaploid bread wheat, and was introgressed into modern wheat cultivars by breeding. to elucidate the origin of the gene, we analyzed sequences of lr21 and lr21 alleles from 24 wheat cultivars and 25 accessions of ae. tauschii collected along the caspian sea in iran and azerbaijan. three basic nonfunctional lr21 haplotypes, h1, h2, and h3, were identi ...	2009	19364806
the gamma-gliadin multigene family in common wheat (triticum aestivum) and its closely related species.	the unique properties of wheat flour primarily depend on gluten, which is the most important source of protein for human being. gamma-gliadins have been considered to be the most ancient of the wheat gluten family. the complex family structure of gamma-gliadins complicates the determination of their function. moreover, gamma-gliadins contain several sets of celiac disease epitopes. however, no systematic research has been conducted yet.	2009	19383144
survey of stink bug (hemiptera: pentatomidae) egg parasitoids in wheat, soybean, and vegetable crops in southeast virginia.	stink bugs (hemiptera: pentatomidae) cause significant damage to many different crops and horticultural commodities in virginia. however, little is known about the species diversity or impact of stink bug egg parasitoids in the state. a survey was conducted in 2005 and 2006 (may through september) in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), soybean (glycine max l.), and several vegetable crops by collecting natural egg masses of various stink bug species and by monitoring sentinel egg masses. a total of 57 ...	2009	19389285
identification of novel qtls for seedling and adult plant leaf rust resistance in a wheat doubled haploid population.	pyramiding of genes that confer partial resistance is a method for developing wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars with durable resistance to leaf rust caused by puccinia triticina. in this research, a doubled haploid population derived from the cross between the synthetic hexaploid wheat (shw) (xaegilotriticum spp.) line ta4152-60 and the north dakota breeding line nd495 was used for identifying genes conferring partial resistance to leaf rust in both the adult plant and seedling stages. five ...	2009	19396420
identification and genetic mapping of pm42, a new recessive wheat powdery mildew resistance gene derived from wild emmer (triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides).	powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most important wheat diseases worldwide in areas with cool or maritime climates. wild emmer (triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides) is an important potential donor of disease resistances and other traits for common wheat improvement. a powdery mildew resistance gene was transferred from wild emmer accession g-303-1m to susceptible common wheat by crossing and backcrossing, resulting in inbred line p63 (yanda1817/g-303-1 m//3* ...	2009	19407985
meta-qtl analysis of the genetic control of ear emergence in elite european winter wheat germplasm.	variation in ear emergence time is critical for the adaptation of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) to specific environments. the aim of this study was to identify genes controlling ear emergence time in elite european winter wheat germplasm. four doubled haploid populations derived from the crosses: avalon x cadenza, savannah x rialto, spark x rialto, and charger x badger were selected which represent diversity in european winter wheat breeding programmes. ear emergence time was recorded as the time ...	2009	19430758
a host-selective toxin of pyrenophora tritici-repentis, ptr toxa, induces photosystem changes and reactive oxygen species accumulation in sensitive wheat.	ptr toxa (toxa) is a proteinaceous necrotizing host-selective toxin produced by pyrenophora tritici-repentis, a fungal pathogen of wheat (triticum aestivum). in this study, we have found that treatment of toxa-sensitive wheat leaves with toxa leads to a light-dependent accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ros) that correlates with the onset of necrosis. furthermore, the accumulation of ros and necrosis could be inhibited by the antioxidant n-acetyl cysteine, providing further evidence that r ...	2009	19445591
qtl-specific microarray gene expression analysis of wheat resistance to fusarium head blight in sumai-3 and two susceptible nils.	fusarium head blight, predominantly caused by fusarium graminearum (schwabe) in north america, is a destructive disease that poses a serious threat to wheat (triticum aestivum l.) production around the world. cdna microarrays consisting of wheat ests derived from a wheat - f. graminearum interaction suppressive subtractive hybridization library were used to investigate qtl-specific differential gene expression between the resistant chinese cultivar sumai-3 and two susceptible near isogenic lines ...	2009	19448721
virulence analysis of hessian fly populations from texas, oklahoma, and kansas.	in recent years, the number of wheat, triticum aestivum l., fields heavily infested by hessian fly, mayetiola destructor (say), has increased in the great plains of the united states. historically, resistance genes in wheat have been the most efficient means of controlling this insect pest. to determine which resistance genes are still effective in this area, virulence of six hessian fly populations from texas, oklahoma, and kansas was determined, using the resistance genes h3, h4, h5, h6, h7h8, ...	2009	19449660
differentiation of molecular genotypes and virulence phenotypes of puccinia triticina from common wheat in north america.	wheat leaf rust caused by puccinia triticina is widely distributed in the wheat growing regions of the united states and canada, and is subject to selection for virulence phenotype by leaf rust resistance genes in wheat cultivars. the objective of this study was to determine the number of genetically differentiated groups of p. triticina that are currently present in north america. in total, 148 isolates of p. triticina from the 1980s to 2005 were collected from wheat-growing regions of the unit ...	2009	19453235
defense strategy of old and modern spring wheat varieties during soil drying.	different defense mechanisms of three spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) varieties were studied by withholding watering in well-watered pots to gradually increase water deficit of plants grown in containers. the strategies of plant adaptation were divided into three phases according to the severity of drought: first, a positive defense phase that started from commencement of non-hydraulic root-sourced signals (nhrs) and ended at onset of hydraulic root-sourced signals (hrs)--the plant responded ...	2009	19453498
markers to a common bunt resistance gene derived from 'blizzard' wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and mapped to chromosome arm 1bs.	common bunt, caused by tilletia caries (dc.) tul. & c. tul. and t. laevis j.g kuhn, is an economically important disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) worldwide. the resistance in the winter wheat cultivar 'blizzard' is effective against known races of common bunt in western canada. the incorporation of resistance from blizzard into field-ready cultivars may be accelerated through the use of molecular markers. using the maize pollen method, a doubled haploid population of 147 lines was develop ...	2009	19471904
molecular identification of a new powdery mildew resistance gene pm41 on chromosome 3bl derived from wild emmer (triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides).	powdery mildew caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici is an important wheat disease in china and other parts of the world. wild emmer (triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides) is the immediate progenitor of cultivated tetraploid and hexaploid wheats and thus an important resource for wheat improvement. wild emmer accession iw2 collected from mount hermon, israel, is highly resistant to powdery mildew at the seedling and adult plant stages. genetic analysis using an f(2) segregating population and ...	2009	19471905
prometryne-induced oxidative stress and impact on antioxidant enzymes in wheat.	prometryne is one of the herbicides widely used for controlling weed/grass in agricultural practice. however, whether it has an adverse effect on crops is unknown. in this study, we investigated prometryne-induced oxidative stress in wheat (triticum aestivum). wheat plants were grown in soils with prometryne at 0-24 mgkg(-1) soil. the growth of wheat treated with prometryne was inhibited. chlorophyll content significantly decreased even at the low level of prometryne (4 mgkg(-1) soil). accumulat ...	2009	19473703
rapid and targeted introgression of genes into popular wheat cultivars using marker-assisted background selection.	a marker-assisted background selection (mabs)-based gene introgression approach in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was optimized, where 97% or more of a recurrent parent genome (rpg) can be recovered in just two backcross (bc) generations. a four-step mabs method was developed based on 'plabsim' computer simulations and wheat genome structure information. during empirical optimization of this method, double recombinants around the target gene were selected in a step-wise fashion during the two bc c ...	2009	19484121
evidence for variation in the optimal translation initiation complex: plant eif4b, eif4f, and eif(iso)4f differentially promote translation of mrnas.	eukaryotic initiation factor (eif) 4b is known to interact with multiple initiation factors, mrna, rrna, and poly(a) binding protein (pabp). to gain a better understanding of the function of eif4b, the two isoforms from arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) were expressed and analyzed using biophysical and biochemical methods. plant eif4b was found by ultracentrifugation and light scattering analysis to most likely be a monomer with an extended structure. an extended structure would facilitate the ...	2009	19493973
generation and analysis of expression sequence tags from haustoria of the wheat stripe rust fungus puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici.	stripe rust, caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst), is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) worldwide. in spite of its agricultural importance, the genomics and genetics of the pathogen are poorly characterized. pst transcripts from urediniospores and germinated urediniospores have been examined previously, but little is known about genes expressed during host infection. some genes involved in virulence in other rust fungi have been found to be speci ...	2009	20028560
orthologs of the class a4 heat shock transcription factor hsfa4a confer cadmium tolerance in wheat and rice.	cadmium (cd) is a widespread soil pollutant; thus, the underlying molecular controls of plant cd tolerance are of substantial interest. a screen for wheat (triticum aestivum) genes that confer cd tolerance to a cd hypersensitive yeast strain identified heat shock transcription factor a4a (hsfa4a). ta hsfa4a is most similar to the class a4 hsfs from monocots. the most closely related rice (oryza sativa) homolog, os hsfa4a, conferred cd tolerance in yeast, as did ta hsfa4a, but the second most clo ...	2009	20028842
characterization of the wheat endosperm transfer cell-specific protein tapr60.	the tapr60 gene from bread wheat encodes a small cysteine-rich protein with a hydrophobic signal peptide, predicted to direct the tapr60 protein to a secretory pathway. it was demonstrated by heterologous expression of recombinant tapr60 protein that the signal peptide is recognized and cleaved in yeast cells. the full-length gene including promoter sequence of a tapr60 orthologue was cloned from a bac library of triticum durum. a transcriptional promoter-gus fusion was stably transformed into w ...	2009	19513805
identification of genes for resistance to a digitaria isolate of magnaporthe grisea in common wheat cultivars.	common wheat cultivars are resistant to magnaporthe grisea, a crabgrass (digitaria sanguinalis)-specific species of the blast fungus. to dissect the genetic basis of this "nonhost" type of resistance, we need an exceptional cultivar that is susceptible to m. grisea. a screening under various conditions revealed that triticum aestivum 'chinese spring' (cs) was susceptible to m. grisea isolate dig41 when incubated at high temperature (26 degrees c) after inoculation. by contrast, t. aestivum 'p168 ...	2009	19935928
antioxidative efficiency of triticum aestivum l. exposed to chromium stress.	wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv sonalika) seedlings were grown in presence of k2cr2o7 (10, 50 and 100 ppm) for 7 days and growth, total chlorophyll, activities of antioxidative enzymes like superoxide dismutase (sod; ec 1.15.1.1), catalase (cat; ec 1.11.1.6) and guaiacol peroxidase (pox; ec 1.11.1.7) and lipid peroxidation were determined in root and shoot tissues. growth of the seedlings was significantly (p < or = 0.05) depressed and at 100 ppm, root length was reduced by 63% and shoot length b ...	2009	20120493
aphid resistance in wheat varieties.	as an environmentally compatible alternative to the use of conventional insecticides to control cereal aphids, we have investigated the possibility to exploit natural resistance to insect pests in wheat varieties. we have tested a wide range of hexaploid (triticum aestivum), tetraploid (t. durum) and diploid (t. boeoticum and t. monococcum) wheat lines for resistance to the bird cherry oat aphid (rhopalosiphum padi). lines tested included russian wheat aphid (diuraphis noxia), greenbug (schizaph ...	2009	20218532
allelic variations of functional markers for polyphenol oxidase (ppo) genes in indian bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars.		2009	20086299
isolation and characterization of indole acetic acid (iaa) producing klebsiella pneumoniae strains from rhizosphere of wheat (triticum aestivum) and their effect on plant growth.	the present study was undertaken for isolation of klebsiella strains from rhizosphere of wheat (t. aestivum), screening and characterization of these strains for in vitro indole acetic acid (iaa) production and studying the effect of these strains on plant growth under gnotobiotic conditions. nine strains of klebsiella were isolated from rhizosphere of wheat (var. lokwan) and identified as k. pneumoniae by 16s rrna gene sequencing. six k. pneumoniae strains showed in vitro iaa production. colori ...	2009	20329704
blufensin1 negatively impacts basal defense in response to barley powdery mildew.	plants have evolved complex regulatory mechanisms to control the defense response against microbial attack. both temporal and spatial gene expression are tightly regulated in response to pathogen ingress, modulating both positive and negative control of defense. blufensin1 (bln1), a small peptide belonging to a novel family of proteins in barley (hordeum vulgare), is highly induced by attack from the obligate biotrophic fungus blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (bgh), casual agent of powdery mildew ...	2009	19005086
a cotton (gossypium hirsutum) dre-binding transcription factor gene, ghdreb, confers enhanced tolerance to drought, high salt, and freezing stresses in transgenic wheat.	a cotton (g. hirsutum l.) dehydration responsive element binding protein gene, ghdreb, which encodes a 153 amino acid protein containing a conserved ap2/erebp domain, was isolated from the cdna library of cotton cv. simian 3 by a yeast one-hybrid system. rna blot analysis showed that the ghdreb gene was induced in cotton seedlings by drought, high salt and cold stresses. an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (emsa) indicated that the ghdreb protein bound specifically to the dre core element (a ...	2009	19005655
agrobacterium-mediated transformation of bread and durum wheat using freshly isolated immature embryos.	agrobacterium-mediated transformation of wheat is becoming a viable alternative to the more established biolistic protocols. it offers advantages in terms of simple, low-copy-number integrations and can be applied with similar efficiencies to specific durum wheat and spring and winter bread wheat types varieties.	2009	19009440
independent evolution of functional pm3 resistance genes in wild tetraploid wheat and domesticated bread wheat.	the pm3 alleles of cultivated bread wheat confer gene for gene resistance to the powdery mildew fungus. they represent a particular case of plant disease resistance gene evolution, because of their recent origin and possible evolution after the formation of hexaploid wheat. the pm3 locus is conserved in tetraploid wheat, thereby allowing the comparative evolutionary study of the same resistance locus in a domesticated species and in one of its wild ancestors. we have identified 61 pm3 allelic se ...	2009	18980638
accumulation and translocation of toxic heavy metals in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) growing in agricultural soil of zhengzhou, china.	a field experiment was conducted to study the accumulation of toxic heavy metals by winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grown in the agricultural soil in the suburb of zhengzhou city, china. the quantities of heavy metals (cd, cr, pb, as, hg) were determined in different parts of wheat plant. the content of five toxic metals was found significantly higher in roots than in the aerial parts of wheat (stems and leaves, and grains). additionally, wheat roots were enriched in cd, pb, and hg from the ...	2009	18987775
mapping a stripe rust resistance gene yrc591 in wheat variety c591 with ssr and aflp markers.	stripe rust, caused by puccinia striiformis westend. f. sp. tritici (pst), is one of the most destructive diseases of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). to determine inheritance of stripe rust resistance and map the resistance gene(s) in wheat variety c591, f(1), f(2,) and f(3) progenies derived from the taichung 29 x c591 cross were inoculated with chinese pst race cy32 in the greenhouse. genetic analysis identified a single dominant gene, temporarily designated yrc591. a total of 178 ssr and ...	2009	18946654
sewage sludge applied to agricultural soil: ecotoxicological effects on representative soil organisms.	application of sewage sludge to agricultural lands is a current practice in eu. european legislation permits its use when concentrations of metals in soil do not increase above the maximum permissible limits. in order to assess the fate and the effects on representative soil organisms of sewage sludge amendments on agricultural lands, a soil microcosm (multi-species soil system-ms3) experiment was performed. the ms3 columns were filled with spiked soil at three different doses: 30, 60 and 120tha ...	2009	19261330
auxin production by plant associated bacteria: impact on endogenous iaa content and growth of triticum aestivum l.	the aim of this study was to investigate the potential of bacterial strains of bacillus, pseudomonas, escherichia, micrococcus and staphylococcus genera associated with wild herbaceous flora to enhance endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) content and growth of triticum aestivum var. inqalab-91.	2009	19220737
intein-mediated protein assembly in transgenic wheat: production of active barnase and acetolactate synthase from split genes.	engineering traits by the assembly of non-functional gene products is a promising tool for modern plant biotechnology. in this article, we describe the establishment of male sterility and herbicide resistance in wheat (triticum aestivum) by complementing inactive precursor protein fragments through a split intein system. n- and c-terminal fragments of a barnase gene from bacillus amyloliquifaciens were fused to intein sequences from the synechocystis sp. gene dnab and delivered into the wheat ge ...	2009	19222807
a kinase-start gene confers temperature-dependent resistance to wheat stripe rust.	stripe rust is a devastating fungal disease that afflicts wheat in many regions of the world. new races of puccinia striiformis, the pathogen responsible for this disease, have overcome most of the known race-specific resistance genes. we report the map-based cloning of the gene yr36 (wks1), which confers resistance to a broad spectrum of stripe rust races at relatively high temperatures (25 degrees to 35 degrees c). this gene includes a kinase and a putative start lipid-binding domain. five ind ...	2009	19228999
limited genetic variation within and between russian wheat aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) biotypes in the united states.	insect biotypes are populations able to kill or injure crops with resistance genes and complicate pest management programs based on host plant resistance. biotypes occur in russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (kurdjumov) (hemiptera: aphididae), a worldwide pest of wheat, triticum aestivum l., and barley, hordeum vulgare l., that was introduced into mexico in 1980 and then spread into texas by 1986. five d. noxia biotypes were described in the united states and given the number designations 1 th ...	2009	19253666
search for diagnostic proteins to prove authenticity of organic wheat grains (triticum aestivum l.).	research comparing the biochemical composition of wheat grains from organic or conventional agriculture has used the targeted analytical approach. to obtain a more comprehensive record of the food's composition, we employed protein profiling techniques. levels of 1049 proteins were recorded in wheat grains (triticum aestivum l., cv. titlis) of two growing seasons from a rigorously controlled field trial in switzerland, containing organic and conventional plots. levels of 25 proteins were differe ...	2009	19253955
comparative effectiveness of pseudomonas and serratia sp. containing acc-deaminase for improving growth and yield of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) under salt-stressed conditions.	ethylene synthesis is accelerated in response to various environmental stresses like salinity. ten rhizobacterial strains isolated from wheat rhizosphere taken from different salt affected areas were screened for growth promotion of wheat under axenic conditions at 1, 5, 10 and 15 ds m(-1). three strains, i.e., pseudomonas putida (n21), pseudomonas aeruginosa (n39) and serratia proteamaculans (m35) showing promising performance under axenic conditions were selected for a pot trial at 1.63 (origi ...	2009	19255743
[molecular cytogenetics, fertility, and scab resistance of the intergeneric hybrid f1 and bc1 between triticum aestivum and roegneria kamoji].	the reciprocal intergeneric hybrids between common wheat and roegneria kamoji were successfully obtained by means of embryo culture. morphology, chromosome pairing behavior at meiosis, fertility, and resistance to scab of the hybrid f1 and bc1 were studied. the results showed that the morphology of the reciprocal intergeneric hybrids f1 between r. kamoji and t. aestivum cv. chinese spring were intermediate type between the two parental species. the chromosome configuration at metaphase i (mi) of ...	2009	19273443
chlorophenols induce lipid peroxidation and change antioxidant parameters in the leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	in this work, changes in superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat) and guaiacol peroxidase (pod) activity were determined in the leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) exposed to 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-dcp) and pentachlorophenol (pcp). we analyzed the content of free phenols, the level of lipid peroxidation, and also the oxidation of dihydrorhodamine 123 by 2,4-dcp and pcp. chlorophenols were spiked to soil in concentrations of 0.5 and 5.0 mg kg(-1). plant seeds were raised in plastic pots con ...	2009	19027988
tracking costs of virulence in natural populations of the wheat pathogen, puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici.	costs of adaptation play an important role in host-parasite coevolution. for parasites, evolving the ability to circumvent host resistance may trade off with subsequent growth or transmission. such costs of virulence (sensu plant pathology) limit the spread of all-infectious genotypes and thus facilitate the maintenance of genetic polymorphism in both host and parasite. we investigated costs of three virulence factors in puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici, a fungal pathogen of wheat (triticum aes ...	2009	19183485
characterization and chromosomal location of pm40 in common wheat: a new gene for resistance to powdery mildew derived from elytrigia intermedium.	powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is a very destructive wheat (triticum aestivum) disease. resistance was transferred from elytrigia intermedium to common wheat by crossing and backcrossing, and line gry19, that was subsequently selected, possessed a single dominant gene for seedling resistance. five polymorphic microsatellite markers, xgwm297, xwmc335, xwmc364, xwmc426 and xwmc476, on chromosome arm 7bs, were mapped relative to the powdery mildew resistance locus in an ...	2009	19194691
effects of selenium on wheat seedlings under drought stress.	the paper reports the effects of selenium (se) supply on growth and some physiological traits of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv shijiazhuang no. 8) seedlings exposed to drought stress. the growth and physiological responses of seedlings were different depending on the se concentration. the higher (3.0 mg se kg(-1)) and lower amount used (0.5 mg se kg(-1)) did not significantly affect on biomass accumulation. treatments with 1.0 and 2.0 mg se kg(-1) promoted biomass accumulation of wheat seedling ...	2009	19214397
a high molecular weight polypeptide cross-reacting with the antibodies to the dynein heavy chain localizes to the subset of golgi complex in higher plant cells.	antibodies were produced against fragments of the microtubule-binding domain and the motor domain of the dynein heavy chain from dictyostelium discoideum to probe whole cell extracts of root meristem cells of wheat triticum aestivum. in plant extracts, these antibodies cross-reacted with a polypeptide of high molecular weight (>500kda). the antibodies bound to protein a-sepharose precipitated high molecular weight polypeptide from cell extracts. immunofluorescence showed that the antibodies iden ...	2009	19135538
agriculture and the new challenges for photosynthesis research.	a rising human population and changing patterns of land use mean that world food production rates will need to be increased by at least 50% by 2050, a massive rise in harvestable yield per hectare of the major crops such as rice (oryza sativa) and wheat (triticum aestivum). combinations of breeding for improved morphology-related traits such as harvest index and increased inputs of water and fertilizer, which have sustained yield increases since the 1960s, will be neither sufficient nor sustaina ...	2009	19140947
immobilization and phytotoxicity of cd in contaminated soil amended with chicken manure compost.	the experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of compost application on the immobilization and biotoxicity of cd in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) potted soils. soils treated with various levels of cd (0-50 mg cd kg(-1) soil) were amended with 0, 30, 60 and 120 g compost kg(-1) soil. the fractions of cd in soil were evaluated by a sequential extraction procedure. compost application resulted in more than 70% lower soluble/exchangeable cd (kno(3)) but increased the concentration of org ...	2009	18692313
tolerance of hordeum marinum accessions to o2 deficiency, salinity and these stresses combined.	when root-zone o(2) deficiency occurs together with salinity, regulation of shoot ion concentrations is compromised even more than under salinity alone. tolerance was evaluated amongst 34 accessions of hordeum marinum, a wild species in the triticeae, to combined salinity and root-zone o(2) deficiency. interest in h. marinum arises from the potential to use it as a donor for abiotic stress tolerance into wheat.	2009	18701600
wheat cryptochromes: subcellular localization and involvement in photomorphogenesis and osmotic stress responses.	cryptochromes (crys) are blue light receptors important for plant growth and development. comprehensive information on monocot crys is currently only available for rice (oryza sativa). we report here the molecular and functional characterization of two cry genes, tacry1a and tacry2, from the monocot wheat (triticum aestivum). the expression of tacry1a was most abundant in seedling leaves and barely detected in roots and germinating embryos under normal growth conditions. the expression of tacry2 ...	2009	19052154
a germin-like protein gene family functions as a complex quantitative trait locus conferring broad-spectrum disease resistance in rice.	plant disease resistance governed by quantitative trait loci (qtl) is predicted to be effective against a broad spectrum of pathogens and long lasting. use of these qtl to improve crop species, however, is hindered because the genes contributing to the trait are not known. five disease resistance qtl that colocalized with defense response genes were accumulated by marker-aided selection to develop blast-resistant varieties. one advanced backcross line carrying the major-effect qtl on chromosome ...	2009	19011003
transgenic approach to improve wheat (triticum aestivum l.) nutritional quality.	an amaranth (amaranthus hypochondriacus) albumin gene, encoding the 35-kda ama1 protein of the seed, with a high content of essential amino acids, was used in the biolistic transformation of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) variety cadenza. the transformation cassette carried the ama1 gene under the control of a powerful wheat endosperm-specific promoter (1bx17 hmw-gs). southern-blot analysis of t(1) lines confirmed the integration of the foreign gene, while rt-pcr and western-blot analyses of ...	2009	19466426
[bioindication of environmental quality based on plant mutational and modification variability].	the level of mutations (aberrations of chromosomes, gene mutations) and modifications (bilateral asymmetry of the leaves) induced with ng (n-methyl-n-nitro-n-nitro-zoguanidine) and granozane, as well as with environmental pollutants have been studied on vicia faba, triticum aestivum, arabidopsis thaliana, ligustrum japonicum, olea europea. the tested xenobiotic increased the level of mutations and modifications. the bilateral asymmetry is suggested as a test for environmental quality assessment.	2009	19938627
trifldb: a database of clustered full-length coding sequences from triticeae with applications to comparative grass genomics.	the triticeae full-length cds database (trifldb) contains available information regarding full-length coding sequences (cdss) of the triticeae crops wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgare) and includes functional annotations and comparative genomics features. trifldb provides a search interface using keywords for gene function and related gene ontology terms and a similarity search for dna and deduced translated amino acid sequences to access annotations of triticeae full-length c ...	2009	19448038
a sulphur deficiency-induced gene, sdi1, involved in the utilization of stored sulphate pools under sulphur-limiting conditions has potential as a diagnostic indicator of sulphur nutritional status.	a sulphate deficiency-induced gene, sdi1, has been identified by cdna-amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis utilizing field-grown, nutrient-deficient wheat (triticum aestivum var. hereward). the expression of sdi1 was specifically induced in leaf and root tissues in response to sulphate deficiency, but was not induced by nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium or magnesium deficiency. expression was also shown to increase in plant tissues as the external sulphate concentration in hydrop ...	2009	19154231
integrating genes and phenotype: a wheat-arabidopsis-rice glycosyltransferase database for candidate gene analyses.	glycosyltransferases (gts) constitute a very large multi-gene superfamily, containing several thousand members identified in sequenced organisms especially in plants. gts are key enzymes involved in various biological processes such as cell wall formation, storage polysaccharides biosynthesis, and glycosylation of various metabolites. gts have been identified in rice (oryza sativa) and arabidopsis thaliana, but their precise function has been demonstrated biochemically for only a few. in this wo ...	2009	19005709
se(iv) phytotoxicity for monocotyledonae cereals (hordeum vulgare l., triticum aestivum l.) and dicotyledonae crops (sinapis alba l., brassica napus l.).	the phytotoxicity of se(iv) was determined through root and shoot growth inhibition, biomass (dry (dm), fresh (fm)) production, water content, photosynthetic pigment (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids) levels and se accumulation in the roots and shoots. the sensitivities of monocotyledonae (hordeum vulgare, triticum aestivum) and dicotyledonae plants (sinapis alba, brassica napus) were also compared. except for h. vulgare, se(iv) inhibited root growth more than shoot growth. as for bi ...	2009	19709809
effects of canola-wheat intercrops on delia spp. (diptera: anthomyiidae) oviposition, larval feeding damage, and adult abundance.	reductions in oviposition and subsequent damage by root maggots (diptera: anthomyiidae, delia spp.) to brassicaceous crops in the presence of nonhost plants has been demonstrated, but such investigations have not been conducted using intercrops of species commonly grown in the large-scale agricultural production systems of western canada. a field experiment was conducted at three sites in alberta, canada, in 2005 and 2006 to determine interactions between root maggots and the various proportions ...	2009	19253640
genetic regulation of meiotic cross-overs between related genomes in brassica napus haploids and hybrids.	although the genetic regulation of recombination in allopolyploid species plays a pivotal role in evolution and plant breeding, it has received little recent attention, except in wheat (triticum aestivum). prbn is the main locus that determines the number of nonhomologous associations during meiosis of microspore cultured brassica napus haploids (ac; 19 chromosomes). in this study, we examined the role played by prbn in recombination. we generated two haploid x euploid populations using two b. n ...	2009	19190241
algerian pearl millet ( pennisetum glaucum l.) contains xip but not taxi and tlxi type xylanase inhibitors.	an xip (xylanase inhibiting protein) type xylanase inhibitor was purified from algerian pearl millet ( pennisetum glaucum l.) grains and characterized for the first time. cation exchange and affinity chromatography with immobilized trichoderma longibrachiatum glycoside hydrolase (gh) family 11 xylanase resulted in electrophoretically pure protein with a molecular mass of 27-29 kda and a pi value of 6.7. the experimentally determined n-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified xip protein is 8 ...	2009	19459708
analysis of class iii peroxidase genes expressed in roots of resistant and susceptible wheat lines infected by heterodera avenae.	the response of resistant wheat-aegilops ventricosa introgression line h-93-8 and its susceptible parent, triticum aestivum h-10-15, to ha71 spanish population of heterodera avenae was studied to determine the changes in peroxidase gene expression during incompatible and compatible wheat-nematode interactions. twenty peroxidase genes were characterized from both 211 expressed sequence tags and 259 genomic dna clones. alignment of deduced amino acid sequences and phylogenetic clustering with pero ...	2009	19656043
assignment of aegilops variabilis eig chromosomes and translocations carrying resistance to nematodes in wheat.	the allotetraploid species aegilops variabilis eig (2n = 28, uusvsv) belongs to the tribe triticeae and is closely related to wheat. one accession, ae. variabilis no. 1, was found to be resistant to the cereal cyst nematode (ccn) and the root-knot nematode (rkn). as the genetic variability for resistance to those two pests is limited within wheat, this accession was crossed to bread wheat. previous work enabled the development of two addition lines and two translocation lines carrying resistance ...	2009	19370089
analysis of betaine and choline contents of aleurone, bran, and flour fractions of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using (1)h nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy.	in conventional milling, the aleurone layer is combined with the bran fraction. studies indicate that the bran fraction of wheat contains the majority of the phytonutrients betaine and choline, with relatively minor concentrations in the refined flour. this present study suggests that the wheat aleurone layer ( triticum aestivum l. cv. tiger) contains the greatest concentration of both betaine and choline (1553.44 and 209.80 mg/100 g of sample, respectively). the bran fraction contained 866.94 a ...	2009	19199513
glycoproteins from russian wheat aphid infested wheat induce defence responses.	elicitors are molecules which can induce the activation of plant defence responses. elicitor activity of intercellular wash fluid from russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (mordvilko) infested resistant (cv tugela dn), and susceptible (cv tugela), wheat (triticum aestivum l.), was investigated. known russian wheat aphid resistance related responses such as peroxidase and beta-1,3-glucanase activities were used as parameters of elicitor activity. the intercellular wash fluid from infested resista ...	2009	12440726
feeding behavior of russian wheat aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) biotype 2 in response to wheat genotypes exhibiting antibiosis and tolerance resistance.	in this study, wheat, triticum aestivum l. (em thell), genotypes containing the dnx, dn7, dn6, and dn4 genes for resistance to the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (kurdjumov) (hemiptera: aphididae), along with dn0, a susceptible control, were assessed to determine the categories of d. noxia biotype 2 (rwa2) resistance in each genotype and rwa2 feeding behaviors on dnx and dn0 plants by using the electronic penetration graph technique. at 14 d postinfestation, dn0 plants exhibited intense ch ...	2009	19610450
resistance to russian wheat aphid biotype 2 in cimmyt synthetic hexaploid wheat lines.	the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (kurdjumov) (hemiptera: aphididae), devastates wheat and barley production on all continents except australia. although d. noxia-resistant cultivars exist, virulent d. noxia populations exist in asia, north america, and south america that have the ability to overcome resistance. in this study, synthetic hexaploid wheat genotypes created at the international maize and wheat improvement center (cimmyt) were evaluated and characterized for resistance to nort ...	2009	19610446
dissimilar molecular defense responses are elicited in triticum aestivum after infestation by different diuraphis noxia biotypes.	for sustainable solutions to the problem of insect infestation, the study of molecular plant-insect interactions is integral to resistance breeding strategies. this also holds true in the case of wheat (triticum aestivum), where the russian wheat aphid (diuraphis noxia, kurdjumov, rwa) is responsible for significant crop losses in most major wheat producing countries around the world. our study is focused on gaining a greater understanding of the resistance mechanisms activated by the rwa resist ...	2009	19453509
molecular cytogenetic and agronomic characterization of advanced generations of wheat x triticale hybrids resistant to diuraphis noxia (mordvilko): application of gish and microsatellite markers.	the pi 386148 triticale from russia is among the highest resistant line to the russian wheat aphid (rwa) (diuraphis noxia (mordvilko)). this triticale line was used as the male parent in crosses with lamar wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the f1 plants were backcrossed to lamar wheat. the progenies were tested for rwa biotype 1 reaction for at least eight backcross and selfing generations. five lines from these selections were identified for their resistance to the rwa and their seeds were increase ...	2009	19370091
impact of diuraphis noxia and rhopalosiphum padi (hemiptera: aphididae) on primary physiology of four near-isogenic wheat lines.	the impact of feeding injury by the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (mordvilko) (hemiptera: aphididae), and bird cherry-oat aphid, rhopalosiphum padi (l.) (hemiptera: aphididae) on susceptible and resistant wheat, triticum aestivum l., near-isogenic lines 'tugela' (susceptible), tugela-dn1 (antibiotic), tugela-dn2 (tolerant), and tugela-dn5 (antixenotic) was evaluated by assessing photosynthetic parameters. photosynthesis and closely related parameters, pigment composition, and nonstructura ...	2009	19253663
bioaccumulation assessment via an adapted multi-species soil system (ms.3) and its application using cadmium.	this paper presents an experimental design for quantifying the transfer of chemicals at low trophic levels of terrestrial ecosystems. the soil microcosms, ms.3(foodchain) (food chain multi-specie soil system) covered the transfer from soil to earthworms (eisenia fetida) and from soil to plant (triticum aestivum), then to phytophagus (rhopalosiphum padi) and finally predator (chrysoperla carnea) species. cadmium was used as model pollutant. cadmium accumulation in foliar invertebrates was related ...	2009	19237196
quackgrass- and ryegrass-adapted populations of the cereal rust mite, abacarus hystrix (acari: eriophyidae), differ in their potential for wheat, triticum aestivum, colonization.	the cereal rust mite, abacarus hystrix, is one of the most notable among mites causing losses in cultivated grasslands. it is one of a few eriophyoid species for which a broad host range has been reported. recent studies, however, have shown that host specialization is very likely in this species. for two populations of a. hystrix (one inhabiting perennial ryegrass, the second inhabiting quackgrass), host-associated differences correlated with strong host fidelity, distinct phenotypes and reprod ...	2009	18590598
[ecotoxicological effects of oxytetracycline on wheat (triticum aestivum) based on seed germination and seedling development].	the ecotoxicological effects of oxytetracycline (otc) on the germination of wheat (triticum aestivum) seeds and the early development of wheat seedlings were investigated. the results showed that the elongation of wheat shoots and roots was significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited by otc, and there was a good dose-response relationship between the otc concentration and inhibition rates. according to the linear regression equation, ec50 of otc for inhibiting wheat shoot and root elongation was 65.5 mg/ ...	2009	19968125
assessment of genes controlling area under disease progress curve (audpc) for stripe rust (p. striiformis f. sp. tritici) in two wheat (triticum aestivum l.) crosses.	genetic effects on controlling stripe rust resistance were determined in two wheat crosses, bakhtawar-92 x frontana (cross 1) and inqilab-91 x fakhre sarhad (cross 2) using area under disease progress curve (audpc) as a measure of stripe rust resistance. the resistant and susceptible genotypes for crosses were identified by initial assessment of 45 wheat accessions for stripe rust resistance. mixed inheritance model was applied to the data analysis of six basic populations p1, f1, p2, b1, b2, an ...	2009	19938644
ecotoxicological effects of typical personal care products on seed germination and seedling development of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	biochemical responses of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings stressed by two typical personal care products (pcps)--triclosan (tcs) and galaxolide (hhcb)--were experimentally investigated to assess their ecological risks. the results showed that wheat shoot and root elongation was significantly inhibited by 50-250 mg l(-1) tcs and hhcb. wheat roots were sensitive to tcs, while shoots were sensitive to hhcb. the median effect concentration (ec(50)) of tcs and hhcb based on the inhibition of th ...	2009	19631961
variation in dehydration tolerance, aba sensitivity and related gene expression patterns in d-genome progenitor and synthetic hexaploid wheat lines.	the wild wheat aegilops tauschii coss. has extensive natural variation available for breeding of common wheat. drought stress tolerance is closely related to abscisic acid (aba) sensitivity. in this study, 17 synthetic hexaploid wheat lines, produced by crossing the tetraploid wheat cultivar langdon with 17 accessions of ae. tauschii, were used for comparative analysis of natural variation in drought tolerance and aba sensitivity. ae. tauschii showed wide natural variation, with weak association ...	2009	19582226
eco-toxic effects of sulfadiazine sodium, sulfamonomethoxine sodium and enrofloxacin on wheat, chinese cabbage and tomato.	investigation of the toxic effects of three veterinary drugs [sulfadiazine sodium (sds), sulfamonomethoxine sodium (smms), and enrofloxacin (eflx)] on seed germination, root elongation and shoot elongation of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), chinese cabbage (brassica campestris l.) and tomato (cyphomandra betacea) was carried out. significant linear relationships between the root and shoot elongation and the concentration of veterinary drugs addition were observed. the effects of the three veterina ...	2009	19554446
accumulation and distribution of toxic metals in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and indian mustard (brassica campestris l.) irrigated with distillery and tannery effluents.	in the present study, accumulation and distribution of toxic metals (cu, cd, cr, zn, fe, ni, mn, and pb) and their biochemical effect on wheat and mustard plants irrigated with mixed distillery and tannery effluents are reported. analyses of effluents and soil samples have shown high metal content than the permissible limit except pb. further, analyses of plant samples have indicated the maximum accumulation of fe (340 mg kg(-1) in wheat root and 560 mg kg(-1) in mustard leaves) followed by mn a ...	2009	18650002
a modified tilling approach to detect induced mutations in tetraploid and hexaploid wheat.	wheat (triticum ssp.) is an important food source for humans in many regions around the world. however, the ability to understand and modify gene function for crop improvement is hindered by the lack of available genomic resources. tilling is a powerful reverse genetics approach that combines chemical mutagenesis with a high-throughput screen for mutations. wheat is specially well-suited for tilling due to the high mutation densities tolerated by polyploids, which allow for very efficient screen ...	2009	19712486
arsenate toxicity for wheat and lettuce in six chinese soils with different properties.	to assess soil arsenic (as, in the form of arsenate) toxicity to plants, 6-d root elongation tests on wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and lettuce (lactuca sativa) were conducted in six chinese soils freshly spiked with as. plants were treated with 7 or 10 levels of as to establish concentration-effect curves. median effective concentration and 10% effective concentration values were derived with regression analysis to measure as toxic potencies, and no-observed-effect concentration was determined b ...	2009	19379017
adaptive evolution of chloroplast genomes in ancestral grasses.	the grass family, poaceae, is one of the most successful families among angiosperms. although it has long been suggested that the chloroplast genomes of the poaceae have undergone an elevated evolutionary rate compared to other angiosperms, little was known about the details of this phenomenon. by using chloroplast genome data from 31 seed plants species, we recently showed that episodic rate acceleration occurred in the common ancestral branch of the core poaceae (a clade formed by rice oryza s ...	2009	19820316
gene content and virtual gene order of barley chromosome 1h.	chromosome 1h (approximately 622 mb) of barley (hordeum vulgare) was isolated by flow sorting and shotgun sequenced by gsflx pyrosequencing to 1.3-fold coverage. fluorescence in situ hybridization and stringent sequence comparison against genetically mapped barley genes revealed 95% purity of the sorted chromosome 1h fraction. sequence comparison against the reference genomes of rice (oryza sativa) and sorghum (sorghum bicolor) and against wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley expressed sequence ...	2009	19692534
occurrence and characterization of a udp-glucose:hydroxamic acid glucosyltransferase isolated from wheat (triticum aestivum) seedlings.	cyclic hydroxamic acid glucosides are present at high concentrations immediately after germination in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). changes in the activity of udp-glucose:cyclic hydroxamic acid glucosyltransferase (ec 2.4.1.-) in wheat were investigated using the cyclic hydroxamic acids 2.4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (diboa) and its 7-methoxy derivative (dimboa) as sugar acceptors. glucosyltransferase activity on both substrates was detected in dry seeds, with activity increasing after imbib ...	2009	11098819
a new flavone o-glycoside and other constituents from wheat leaves (triticum aestivum l.).	from leaves of triticum aestivum a new o-glycosylflavone has been isolated together with chlorogenic acid and its 3'-methyl ether and 6 c-glycosylflavones. the structure of the new flavonoid was determined by 1d and 2d nmr techniques and other spectral evidence as 5,7-dihydroxy-3',4',5'-trimethoxyflavone-7-o-beta-rutinoside.	2009	10928543
[the effect of natural selection on the allelic frequency of gliadin-coding loci and their associations in an artificially created hybrid population of winter wheat].	hybrid population with heterogeneity for five gliadin-coding loci was created by crossing of five winter common wheat cultivars (belozerskaya 47, ilyichevka, kyyanka, mironovskaya 808, polesskaya 70) by the complete scheme. frequencies of alleles at these loci and their associations were analyzed after two, four and ten years of resowing. the ratio of alleles at the studied loci was changed as reproduction occurred. gli 1a5 allele displayed stable tendency to frequency increasing, gli 1d1--a lit ...	2009	10857200
[identification of 1al/1rs translocation in winter common wheat varieties of ukrainian selection].	analysis of alcohol-soluble protein (gliadin) patterns of a group of winter common wheat varieties from different breeding centers of ukraine resulted in identification of six varieties with the rye 1al/1rs translocation. the line 7086 ar also carries this translocation. the identified 1al/1rs translocation is similar to that of the variety amigo in the secalin pattern. the appearance of this translocation in varieties developed in different breeding centers of the forest-steppe of ukraine indic ...	2009	16396327
detection of quantitative trait loci for heading date based on the doubled haploid progeny of two elite chinese wheat cultivars.	quantitative trait loci (qtls) with epistatic and qtl x environment (qe) interaction for heading date were studied using a doubled haploid (dh) population containing 168 progeny lines derived from a cross between two elite chinese wheat cultivars huapei 3 x yumai 57 (triticum aestivum l.). a genetic map was constructed based on 305 marker loci, consisting of 283 ssr loci and 22 est-ssr markers, which covered a total length of 2141.7 cm with an average distance of 7.02 cm between adjacent markers ...	2009	18500653
[the effect of biologically active substances from coniferous plants on the l-phenylalanine ammonia lyase and peroxidase activities in wheat leaves].	the effect of the preparations produced from needles and wood of various coniferous species on the activities of l-phenylalanine ammonia lyase (pal; ec 4.3.1.5) and peroxidase (po; ec 1.11.1.7), the enzymes involved in the development of plant defense response, was studied. it was demonstrated that treatment of soft wheat (triticum aestivum l.) primary leaves with biological preparations produced from coniferous plants caused a transient increase in pal and po activities. the induction of these ...	2009	18491609
equilibrium and kinetics of biosorption of cadmium(ii) and copper(ii) ions by wheat straw.	biosorption equilibrium and kinetics of cd(2+) and cu(2+) ions on wheat straw, triticum aestivum, in an aqueous system were investigated. among the models tested, namely the langmuir, freundlich, temkin, and dubinin-radushkevich isotherms, the biosorption equilibrium for both cd(2+) and cu(2+) was best described by the langmuir model. the langmuir biosorption capacity for cd(2+) was about 27% higher than that for cu(2+). it was also found that biosorption of cd(2+) and cu(2+) by wheat straw foll ...	2009	18599289
nitrate supply induces changes in polyamine content and ethylene production in wheat plants grown with ammonium.	in order to explore the mechanisms of nitrate's beneficial effect on ammonium-grown plants, we investigated the effects of nitrate on free and conjugated polyamine plant content and ethylene biosynthesis in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) plants grown with ammonium nutrition. two different doses of nitrate (100 microm and 5 mm) were supplied to ammonium-fed plants, in order to determine whether the effects of nitrate require significant doses (nutritional character), or can be promoted by very low ...	2009	18790547
effect of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate on the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings.	although many studies describe ionic liquids (ils) as potentially greener solvents, few studies address their relationship with the environment. recent researches suggest that some ils have toxicity. 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([c4mim][bf4]) was reported to have the lowest toxicity among ils. in this work, we studied the toxicity of this il on wheat seedlings. it was shown that wheat germination was reduced to 38.0% in the presence of 4.4 mmol/l [c4mim][bf4] compared with 100% ...	2009	18767141
identification of differentially expressed proteins between hybrid and parents in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedling leaves.	in spite of commercial use of heterosis in agriculture, the molecular basis of heterosis is poorly understood. to gain a better understanding of the molecular basis of wheat heterosis, we carried out a comparative proteomic analysis in seedling leaves between wheat hybrid and parents. common wheat (triticum aestivum l., 2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd) line 3338 and spelt wheat (triticum spelta l., 2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd) line 2463 were used to produce a heterotic f(1) hybrid. the expression patterns of the ...	2009	18815767
[primary and secondary metabolism of winter wheat under cold hardening and treatment with antioxidants].	the content of saccharides and phenolic compounds (including flavonoids and lignin) and the activity of l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal, ec 4.3.1.5) were determined in leaves and tillering nodes of winter wheat triticum aestivum l.) cultivars inna and moskovskaya 39, differing in the level of frost resistance. these parameters were determined in three groups of plants--control, hardened, and treated with synthetic antioxidants (ambiol and amerol 2000). cold hardening increased accumulation of ...	2009	18822781
ionic liquids in soils: effects of different anion species of imidazolium based ionic liquids on wheat (triticum aestivum) as affected by different clay minerals and clay concentrations.	this study contributes to a prospective hazard assessment of ionic liquids, focusing on the terrestrial environment. the influence of differently composed soils-varying contents of the clay minerals smectite and kaolinite-on the toxicity of different anion species of imidazolium based ionic liquids was studied for growth inhibition of wheat (triticum aestivum). im14 (cf(3)so(2))(2)n appeared the most toxic, independently of the investigated soil type. the toxicity of im14 cl, im14 bf(4) and im14 ...	2009	18932018
taasy1 promotes homologous chromosome interactions and is affected by deletion of ph1.	during meiosis, chromosomes are sorted into homologous pairs as a preface to their intimate association via recombination and synapsis. however, little is known about the mechanism used to distinguish homologous chromosomes from other chromosomes present in the nucleus. studies in wheat (triticum aestivum) have shown that the pairing homoeologous 1 (ph1) locus is required to suppress interactions between genetically similar homoeologous chromosomes. here we show that absence of ph1 causes increa ...	2009	18826431
creation and functional analysis of new puroindoline alleles in triticum aestivum.	the hardness (ha) locus controls grain texture and affects many end-use properties of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the ha locus is functionally comprised of the puroindoline a and b genes, pina and pinb, respectively. the lack of pin allelic diversity is a major factor limiting ha functional analyses and wheat quality improvement. in order to create new ha alleles, a 630 member m(2) population was produced in the soft white spring cultivar alpowa using ethylmethane sulfonate mutagenesis. the m( ...	2009	18846362
genomic regions influencing gene expression of the hmw glutenins in wheat.	bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) produces glutenin storage proteins in the endosperm. the hmw glutenins confer distinct viscoelastic properties to bread dough. the genetics of hmw glutenin proteins have been extensively studied, and information has accumulated about individual subunits, chromosomal locations and dna sequences, but little is known about the regulators of the hmw glutenins. this investigation addressed the question of glutenin regulators. expression of the glutenins was analyzed ...	2009	18839129
biochemical and structural characterization of tlxi, the triticum aestivum l. thaumatin-like xylanase inhibitor.	thaumatin-like xylanase inhibitors (tlxi) are recently discovered wheat proteins. they belong to the family of the thaumatin-like proteins and inhibit glycoside hydrolase family 11 endoxylanases commonly used in different cereal based (bio)technological processes. we here report on the biochemical characterisation of tlxi. its inhibition activity is temperature- and ph-dependent and shows a maximum at approximately 40 degrees c and ph 5.0. the tlxi structure model, generated with the crystal str ...	2009	18951281
heavy metal accumulation in different varieties of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grown in soil amended with domestic sewage sludge.	the concentrations of heavy metals (hms) in plants served to indicate the metal contamination status of the site, and also revealed the abilities of various plant species to take up and accumulate them from the soil dressed with sewage sludge. a study to comprehend the mobility and transport of hms from soil and soil amended with untreated sewage sludge to different newly breaded varieties of wheat (anmol, tj-83, abadgar and mehran-89) in pakistan. a pot-culture experiment was conducted to study ...	2009	18977590
comparison of genetic and cytogenetic maps of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using ssr and dart markers.	a number of technologies are available to increase the abundance of dna markers and contribute to developing high resolution genetic maps suitable for genetic analysis. the aim of this study was to expand the number of diversity array technology (dart) markers on the wheat array that can be mapped in the wheat genome, and to determine their chromosomal location with respect to simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers and their position on the cytogenetic map. a total of 749 and 512 individual dart a ...	2009	19020902
analysis of intraspecies diversity in wheat and barley genomes identifies breakpoints of ancient haplotypes and provides insight into the structure of diploid and hexaploid triticeae gene pools.	a large number of wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgare) varieties have evolved in agricultural ecosystems since domestication. because of the large, repetitive genomes of these triticeae crops, sequence information is limited and molecular differences between modern varieties are poorly understood. to study intraspecies genomic diversity, we compared large genomic sequences at the lr34 locus of the wheat varieties chinese spring, renan, and glenlea, and diploid wheat aegilops ta ...	2009	19011002
the effects of enhanced ultraviolet-b radiation and soil drought on water use efficiency of spring wheat.	the effect of enhanced ultraviolet-b radiation (280-315 nm) and water stress on water consumption, instantaneous water use efficiency (wuei), season-long water use efficiency (wues) and leaf stable carbon isotope composition (delta13c) of three spring wheat cultivars (triticum aestivum l.) was investigated under field conditions. the relationship between wuei and wues with delta13c was analyzed. compared with the control, enhanced uv-b or water stress alone or in combination led to lower water u ...	2009	19006675
a second mechanism for aluminum resistance in wheat relies on the constitutive efflux of citrate from roots.	the first confirmed mechanism for aluminum (al) resistance in plants is encoded by the wheat (triticum aestivum) gene, taalmt1, on chromosome 4dl. taalmt1 controls the al-activated efflux of malate from roots, and this mechanism is widespread among al-resistant genotypes of diverse genetic origins. this study describes a second mechanism for al resistance in wheat that relies on citrate efflux. citrate efflux occurred constitutively from the roots of brazilian cultivars carazinho, maringa, torop ...	2009	19005085
genetic and molecular characterization of the vrn2 loci in tetraploid wheat.	winter wheat (triticum spp.) varieties require long exposures to low temperatures to flower, a process called vernalization. the vrn2 locus includes two completely linked zinc finger-cct domain genes (zcct1 and zcct2) that act as flowering repressors down-regulated during vernalization. deletions or mutations in these two genes result in the elimination of the vernalization requirement in diploid wheat (triticum monococcum). however, natural allelic variation in these genes has not been describe ...	2009	19005084