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extended-release formulation of minocycline in the treatment of moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris in patients over the age of 12 years.oral antibiotics continue to play an important role in the treatment of moderate-to-severe acne. minocycline is widely used in moderate-to-severe acne. minocycline has anti-inflammatory properties, activity against propionibacterium acnes and lipophilicity. an extended-release formulation of minocycline has been introduced. extended-release minocycline is not bioequivalent to nonmodified release minocycline products and exhibits dose-proportional pharmacokinetics. food or dairy products did not ...201323882310
correlation between phylogroups and intracellular proteomes of propionibacterium acnes and differences in the protein expression profiles between anaerobically and aerobically grown cells.propionibacterium acnes is one of the dominant commensals on the human skin and also an opportunistic pathogen in relation to acne, sarcoidosis, prostate cancer, and various infections. recent investigations using housekeeping and virulence genes have revealed that the species consists of three major evolutionary clades (types i, ii, and iii). in order to investigate protein expression differences between these phylogroups, proteomic profiles of 21 strains of p. acnes were investigated. the prot ...201323878795
genetic engineering of yarrowia lipolytica for enhanced production of trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid.conjugated linoleic acid (cla) has been extensively studied for decades because of its health benefits including cancer prevention, anti-atherogenic and anti-obesity effects, and modulation of the immune system. we previously described the production of trans-10, cis-12 cla in yarrowia lipolytica by expressing the gene coding for linoleic acid isomerase from propionibacterium acnes (pai). however the stable strain produced cla at about 0.08% of dry cell weight (dcw), a level of production which ...201323866108
clinical and radiographic outcomes of total shoulder arthroplasty with bone graft for osteoarthritis with severe glenoid bone loss.glenohumeral osteoarthritis may be associated with severe posterior glenoid bone loss and glenoid retroversion. treatment with total shoulder arthroplasty and autologous bone graft obtained from the humeral head has been infrequently reported in the peer-reviewed literature.201323864177
deciphering the intracellular fate of propionibacterium acnes in macrophages.propionibacterium acnes is a gram-positive bacterium that colonizes various niches of the human body, particularly the sebaceous follicles of the skin. over the last years a role of this common skin bacterium as an opportunistic pathogen has been explored. persistence of p. acnes in host tissue has been associated with chronic inflammation and disease development, for example, in prostate pathologies. this study investigated the intracellular fate of p. acnes in macrophages after phagocytosis. i ...201323862148
synthesis of novel isothiazolopyridines and their in vitro evaluation against mycobacterium and propionibacterium acnes.in this paper we describe synthesis, structures and some physicochemical properties of 20 isothiazolopyridines 8-13 substituted differently into an isothiazole ring as well as their in vitro antibacterial assays against mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv, mycobacterium fortuitum pcm 672 and propionibacterium acnes pcm 2400. compound 13a was found to be the most active derivative against m. tuberculosis h37rv, demonstrating 100% growth inhibition of microorganisms in the primary screen (minimum inh ...201323850103
what does it take to satisfy koch's postulates two centuries later? microbial genomics and propionibacteria acnes.for two centuries, koch's postulates have set the gold standard for establishing the microbiological etiology of infection and disease. genomic sequencing now brings finer resolution to both bacterial strain variation and the host genetic state that may predispose to disease. in this issue of the jid, fitz-gibbons and colleagues present strain-based resolution of propionibacterium acnes and its association with the common teenage malady acne vulgaris. here i examine how koch's postulates were en ...201323842116
the role of benzoyl peroxide in the new treatment paradigm for acne.bacterial resistance became a true clinical concern for dermatologists in the 1980s, when the first reports emerged of the resistance of <i>propionibacterium acnes</i> to oral antibiotics. subsequent studies have documented acne treatment failure associated with resistance to topical antibiotics. beyond dermatology practice, antibiotic resistance has now become recognized as a worldwide health concern. in contrast to antibiotics commonly used in the treatment of acne, benzoyl peroxide (bp)'s mec ...201323839205
decoding acne: genetic markers, molecules, and propionibacterium acnes. 201323839201
viability reagent, prestoblue, in comparison with other available reagents, utilized in cytotoxicity and antimicrobial assays.this study compared different commercially available viability reagents. the growth indicator reagents include p-iodonitrotetrazolium violet (int), prestoblue, and alamar blue which were used for antimicrobial analysis against streptococcus mutans, prevotella intermedia, propionibacterium acnes, and mycobacterium tuberculosis. prestoblue and alamar blue are resazurin based reagents that resulted in a quick and easily distinguishable colour change that allowed for visual readings. int and sodium ...201323653650
infected aortic stent graft with propionibacterium acnes.an infected aortic endograft is an uncommon event, and when it happens it can be of significant morbidity and mortality to the patient. we present here a case of a patient with an infected aortic endograft following percutaneous translumbar sac embolization for a type ii endoleak leading to sac expansion. the cultured pathogen was propionibacterium acnes, a commonly occurring skin bacterium that leads to the clinical condition "acne vulgaris." the patient underwent graft explantation and reconst ...201323632775
pan-genome and comparative genome analyses of propionibacterium acnes reveal its genomic diversity in the healthy and diseased human skin microbiome.propionibacterium acnes constitutes a major part of the skin microbiome and contributes to human health. however, it has also been implicated as a pathogenic factor in several diseases, including acne, one of the most common skin diseases. its pathogenic role, however, remains elusive. to better understand the genetic landscape and diversity of the organism and its role in human health and disease, we performed a comparative genome analysis of 82 p. acnes strains, 69 of which were sequenced by o ...201323631911
antimicrobial susceptibility of propionibacterium acnes isolates from shoulder surgery.orthopedic surgeons at our institution have noticed an increase in the number of infections due to propionibacterium acnes, especially following operations on the shoulder. we collected p. acnes isolates from our hospital microbiology laboratory for 1 year and performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing on 28 strains from the shoulder. antibiotics with the lowest mic values against p. acnes (mic50 and mic90) included penicillin g (0.006, 0.125), cephalothin (0.047 and 0.094), and ceftriaxone ...201323629711
bacterial recolonization of the skin and wound contamination during cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial of the use of plastic adhesive drape compared with bare skin.sternal wound infection after cardiac surgery is a serious complication. various perioperative strategies, including plastic adhesive drapes, are used to reduce bacterial contamination of surgical wounds.201323623487
laser and light based treatments of acne.medical treatments for acne vulgaris include a variety of topical and oral medications. poor compliance, lack of durable remission, and potential side effects are common drawbacks to these treatments. therefore, there is a growing demand for a fast, safe, and side-effect-free novel therapy. acne often improves after exposure to sunlight, and this has led to the development of laser and other light therapies resulting in the overall ease of treatment, with minimal adverse effects. a variety of li ...201323619435
sapho syndrome.sapho syndrome is a disorder characterized by synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis. as the osteoarticular and skin manifestations often do not occur simultaneously and there are no validated diagnostic criteria, the diagnosis can be difficult. clinical and imaging investigation is necessary to establish the many differential diagnoses of sapho syndrome. the etiopathogenesis involves infectious (probably propionibacterium acnes), immunologic, and genetic factors. treatment is b ...201323597971
advancement in the routine identification of anaerobic bacteria by maldi-tof mass spectrometry.we evaluated matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) biotyper as a tool for the identification of anaerobic bacteria compared with 500 base-pair (bp) 16s ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rrna) gene sequencing analysis, which is considered to be the "gold standard" method. a total of 484 anaerobic bacteria were retrieved from the clinical specimens of 318 pediatric patients. molecular identification resulted in 18 genera and 51 species. the most prev ...201323584672
the oral cavity is not a primary source for implantable pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillator infections.to test the hypothesis that the oral cavity is a potential source for implantable pacemaker and cardioverter defibrillators infections, the bacterial diversity on explanted rhythm heart management devices was investigated and compared to the oral microbiome.201323575037
special features of gram-positive bacterial eradication by photosensitizers.antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria is a major concern and presents a special challenge for development of alternative antibacterial modalities. one of these alternative approaches is based on using the photodynamic therapy (pdt) for eradicating bacteria. photosensitizer-induced pdt exhibits unique properties and demonstrates efficient microbe-killing effects. the efficient and irreversible antimicrobial effects of pdt are not dependent on the antibiotic susceptibility of the pathogenic ...201323550546
in vitro anti-propionibacterium activity by curcumin containing vesicle system.propionibacterium acnes acts a critical role in the development of inflammatory acne when it overgrows in pilosebaceous units. the spread of multiple drug resistance bacteria indicates a growing need for new antimicrobial agents. the objective of this study is to develop lipid vehicles to deliver curcumin and inhibit p. acnes in the skin. the inhibitory activities of the curcumin containing vehicles against p. acnes were studied by the bioluminescence assay. curcumin accumulation patterns in neo ...201323546001
nanocolloidal carriers of isotretinoin: antimicrobial activity against propionibacterium acnes and dermatokinetic modeling.acne, a common skin disease in teenagers, is caused by propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes). isotretinoin (itr) is though reported to have immense antiacne potential, yet there are hardly any reports vouching its antimicrobial activity. the present study, therefore, was undertaken to study the antimicrobial activity of itr and evaluate the effect of its encasement in nanocarriers on its minimum inhibitory concentration (mic). the nanocarriers were also evaluated for the skin transport characterist ...201323544848
renal sarcoidosis with limited lung manifestations expressing propionibacterium acnes antigens in the affected tubulointerstitium.sarcoidosis is a granulomatous multisystemic disorder of unknown origin that can affect the kidneys. previous reports from japan and europe have indicated a link between propionibacterium acnes infections and sarcoidosis. here, we present the case of a 68-year-old woman with hypercalcemia and renal failure. a kidney biopsy was performed, which showed granulomatous tubulointerstitial nephritis with a large nonnecrotic nodule that contained mononuclear inflammatory cells and multinucleated giant c ...201323531993
[uncommon acne-associated syndromes and their significance in understanding the pathogenesis of acne].acne is an intriguing model for the study of interactions between hormones, innate immunity, inflammation and wound healing (scarring). the manifestations and involvement of acne in different systemic diseases and some rare syndromes demonstrate its multifaceted nature. synovitis-acne-pustulosis-hyperostosis-osteitis (sapho) and pyogenic arthritis-pyoderma gangrenosum-acne (papa) syndromes, both regarded as autoinflammatory diseases, highlight the attributes of inflammation in acne. while sapho ...201323525534
rosmarinus officinalis extract suppresses propionibacterium acnes-induced inflammatory responses.propionibacterium acnes is a key pathogen involved in the progression of acne inflammation. the development of a new agent possessing antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity against p. acnes is therefore of interest. in this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of rosemary (rosmarinus officinalis) extract on p. acnes-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo. the results showed that ethanolic rosemary extract (ere) significantly suppressed the secretion and mrna expression of proinf ...201323514231
constrictive infectious pericarditis caused by propionibacterium acnes. 201324775828
late-onset capsular block syndrome: unusually delayed presentation.capsular block syndrome (cbs) has been known to occur as a rare complication of cataract surgery with continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis and a posterior-chamber lens implant. typically, it presents with reduced vision in the early postoperative period and is characterised by a forward displacement of the posterior-chamber intra-ocular lens and an accumulation of intra-capsular opaque material. management of cbs is usually by nd:yag laser capsulotomy. in this report, we describe a unique case o ...201324474932
propionibacterium acnes in human health and disease. 201324455697
inhibitory effect of chlorophyllin on the propionibacterium acnes-induced chemokine expression.chlorophyllin (chl), a chlorophyll-derivative, exhibits several beneficial properties, including antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. however, its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities against propionibacterium acnes have not been described. the antibacterial activity of this compound was evaluated in vitro using the broth microdilution method. chl had an inhibitory effect on the growth of p. acnes (mic = 100 μm). in a real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain r ...201324385363
effects of 420-nm intense pulsed light in an acne animal model.blue light in the 400-420 nm range has been shown to reduce the levels of propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) in the skin. p. acnes has been postulated to be a critical trigger for inflammatory acne. thus, treatment with 420 nm-intense pulsed light should reduce inflammatory activity in acne.201322364124
propionibacterium acnes delayed infection following spinal surgery with instrumentation.propionibacterium acnes detection in culture media was previously considered a contamination but recently its infectious role was discovered in post-spinal surgery infections. p. acnes might be introduced during surgery. its diagnosis is based on non-specific clinical signs, image indications of infection, and the conclusive microbiological sign. furthermore, its diagnosis is difficult because of slow growth rate and low virulence, delaying its presentation. usually, the infection is manifested ...201322441672
propionibacterium acnes-induced inos and cox-2 protein expression via ros-dependent nf-κb and ap-1 activation in macrophages.propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes), a gram-positive anaerobic bacterium, plays a critical role in the development of inflammatory lesion as a result of cytokines production by keratinocytes and macrophages activation. however, effect of p. acnes on inos/no and cox-2/pge2 production in macrophages is still uninvestigated.201323178030
time series community genomics analysis reveals rapid shifts in bacterial species, strains, and phage during infant gut colonization.the gastrointestinal microbiome undergoes shifts in species and strain abundances, yet dynamics involving closely related microorganisms remain largely unknown because most methods cannot resolve them. we developed new metagenomic methods and utilized them to track species and strain level variations in microbial communities in 11 fecal samples collected from a premature infant during the first month of life. ninety six percent of the sequencing reads were assembled into scaffolds of >500 bp in ...201322936250
acne sans p. acnes.acne vulgaris is a common disease that carries an enormous financial and psychosocial impact. androgens, excessive sebum production, ductal hypercornification, changes in the microbial flora, as well as inflammation and immunological host reactions are considered the major contributors to acne pathogenesis. despite extensive research on acne pathogenesis, the exact sequence of events and their possible mechanisms leading to the development of a microcomedone and its transformation into an inflam ...201322458782
cardiovascular implantable electronic device endocarditis treated with daptomycin with or without transvenous removal.nine patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic device (cied) endocarditis were treated with daptomycin after the failure of previous treatment. the blood and cied lead cultures of 1 patient were negative. in the other 8 patients, we observed 6 monomicrobic infections and 2 polymicrobic infections. overall, 10 strains were isolated in these patients: 4 methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus, 2 methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus epidermidis, 1 methicillin-resistant staphylococcus ...201322436967
propionibacterium acnes-killed attenuates the inflammatory response and protects mice from sepsis by modulating inflammatory factors.sepsis is a systemic inflammation associated with infection caused by pathogenic micro-organisms with high mortality rates.201323290472
bacteriology and risk factors for development of late (greater than one year) deep infection following spinal fusion with instrumentation.retrospective cohort review.201427927416
successful treatment in a case of propionibacterium acnes-associated sarcoidosis with clarithromycin administration: a case report.sarcoidosis is recognized as a multiorgan disorder characterized by the presence of non-caseating granulomas in the involved tissues. it has been suggested that sarcoidosis might be due to the exposure to infectious or non-infectious agents in genetically susceptible individuals. in particular, propionibacterium acnes and mycobacterium tuberculosis have been considered causative microorganisms. we report a case of p. acnes-associated sarcoidosis in which a drastic improvement was achieved with c ...201424428939
new insights into acne pathogenesis: propionibacterium acnes activates the inflammasome.the precise contribution of the commensal bacterium propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) in the inflammatory response associated with acne vulgaris remains controversial. in this issue qin et al. show that p. acnes induces robust il-1β secretion in monocytic cells by triggering the activation of the nlrp3 inflammasome. in vivo, the encounter of p. acnes and macrophages in the peri-follicular dermis could locally result in the release of substantial amounts of il-1β and therefore exacerbate inflamm ...201424424454
il-17: a key player in the p. acnes inflammatory cascade?recent advances in our understanding of inflammatory skin diseases now afford an opportunity to delve deeper into microbial/host interactions in acne. agak et al. report that propionibacterium acnes induces il-17 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and present new evidence that il-17+ cells are found in the perifollicular infiltrate of comedones. additional studies are needed to assess the clinical relevance of il-17 in acne.201424424453
acne, quorum sensing and danger.propionibacterium acnes is a ubiquitous skin commensal bacterium, which is normally well tolerated by the immune system in healthy human skin. however, there is increasing evidence to suggest a pivotal role for p. acnes in the inflammatory process underlying the acne pathogenesis. with its features of inflammation and pustulation, acne vulgaris resembles the skin's normal reaction to bacterial pathogens. p. acnes flourishes when sebum production increases in the follicles. bacteria may undergo b ...201424524558
relationship between the severity of acne vulgaris and antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from acne lesions in a hospital in japan.propionibacterium acnes and staphylococcus epidermidis are normal skin inhabitants that are frequently isolated from lesions caused by acne, and these micro-organisms are considered to contribute to the inflammation of acne. in the present study, we examined the antimicrobial susceptibilities and resistance mechanisms of p. acnes and s. epidermidis isolated from patients with acne vulgaris in a university hospital in japan from 2009 to 2010. additionally, we analysed the relationship between the ...201424523159
inflammasome activation by propionibacterium acnes: the story of il-1 in acne continues to unfold.insights into the immune mechanisms at play in skin diseases including acne continue to be made. in this issue, kistowska et al. confirm that propionibacterium acnes activates inflammasomes leading to the production of il-1β and they further identify putative mechanisms by which this process occurs. these data raise interesting questions regarding a multipronged approach by which p. acnes elicits inflammation in early versus late acne and putative differences in the effects of il-1α and il-1β in ...201424518111
outcome and treatment of postoperative spine surgical site infections: predictors of treatment success and failure.surgical site infection (ssi) is an important complication after spine surgery. the management of ssi is characterized by significant variability, and there is little guidance regarding an evidence-based approach. the objective of this study was to identify risk factors associated with treatment failure of ssi after spine surgery.201424510397
antibiotics may be useful in the treatment of sapho syndrome. 201424506659
the protective effects of melittin on propionibacterium acnes-induced inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo.melittin is the main component in the venom of the honey bee (apis mellifera). it has multiple effects including antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activities in various cell types. however, the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of melittin have not been elucidated in propionibactierium acnes (p. acnes)-induced keratinocyte or inflammatory skin disease animal models. in this study, we examined the effects of melittin on the production of inflammatory cytokines in heat-killed p. acnes-ind ...201424496237
bacteriological evaluation of tonsillar microbial flora according to age and tonsillar size in recurrent tonsillitis.although numerous studies based on the bacteriology of the tonsil have been carried out, none of them analyzed the variation of tonsillar flora with respect to both age and tonsillar size. the purpose of this study was to isolate the facultative and obligate anaerobes both from the surface and the core of tonsils in recurrent tonsillitis as well as to analyze the variation of isolated bacterial strains according to age and tonsillar size. a prospective study was performed on 111 patients who und ...201424487459
antibacterial activity of plumbagin derivative-rich plumbago indica root extracts and chemical stability.the extraction studies and a one-step purification of the crude extract of plumbago indica using silica-gel vacuum chromatography provided a plumbagin derivative-rich p. indica root extract (ppe). the ppe was standardised to contain total plumbagin derivatives not less than 13% w/w. antibacterial activities of the standardised ppe and three naphthoquinones, plumbagin, elliptinone and 3,3'-biplumbagin, against propionibacterium acnes, staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis were eval ...201424483166
de novo meningitis caused by propionibacterium acnes in a patient with metastatic melanoma.propionibacterium acnes is a known cause of postneurosurgical meningitis; however, it is rarely implicated in de novo meningitis. herein we report a case of a 49-year-old male with de novo meningitis caused by p. acnes with metastatic melanoma as the only identified risk factor for his infection.201424478417
microbiology of hidradenitis suppurativa (acne inversa): a histological study of 27 patients.hidradenitis suppurativa (acne inverse) (hs) is a chronic skin disease primarily affecting hair follicles. the aetiology of hs is unknown, but infection is believed to play some role. this retrospective study investigated the microbial colonization directly in skin appendices in hs skin samples. archival samples from 27 patients with hs were screened by immunofluorescence labelling with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against gram-positive bacteria, propionibacterium acnes and propionibacte ...201424475943
vaccination of lambs against haemonchus contortus infection with a somatic protein (hc23) from adult helminths.a somatic protein from adult haemonchus contortus (hc23), the most abundant component in a low molecular weight fraction with known immunizing effect against experimental haemonchosis, has been purified by immunochromatography. the immunoprophylactic value of hc23 was tested in groups of 5-6 months old assaf lambs using al(oh)(3) or escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide+inactivated propionibacterium acnes as adjuvant and the results compared with uninfected control, uninfected and challenged or in ...201424759430
lower complication rates for cranioplasty with peri-operative bundle.the overall benefits of craniectomy must include procedural risks from cranioplasty. cranioplasty carries a high risk of surgical site infections (ssi) particularly with antibiotic resistant bacteria. the goal of this study was to measure the effect of a cranioplasty bundle on peri-operative complications.201424731574
poor utility of serum interleukin-6 levels to predict indolent periprosthetic shoulder infections.infection after shoulder arthroplasty can present a diagnostic challenge. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of serum interleukin-6 (il-6) levels in diagnosis of periprosthetic infection in patients undergoing revision shoulder arthroplasty.201424725902
antibiotic stewardship in dermatology: limiting antibiotic use in acne.widespread use of antibiotics in all areas of medicine has led to significant problems with antimicrobial resistance, which have begun to compromise the usefulness of antibiotics. antibiotics have long been a keystone of acne therapy. there is a large population of patients with acne and antibiotic therapy is often used for long durations; thus, acne therapy results in extensive antibiotic exposure. this article discusses the role of antibiotic therapy in acne from the perspective of how clinici ...201424721547
inflammation and acne: putting the pieces together.acne vulgaris is a common skin disease in which abnormal desquamation, excess sebum production, proliferation of propionibacterium acnes, and production of proinflammatory mediators all contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. a review of the literature shows that our current understanding of acne pathogenesis continues to evolve. recent data suggests that inflammatory mediators may play a more important role than previously realized; however, how these mediators work independently as well ...201424719066
antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties of nostocionone isolated from nostoc commune vauch and its derivatives against propionibacterium acnes.propionibacterium acnes is the primary pathogenic agent responsible for acne vulgaris on the skin and hair follicles. overgrowth of this bacterium inhibits growth and promotes follicular inflammation, with an associated increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine production. p. acnes has therefore been considered the main target for the prevention and medical treatment of acne vulgaris. the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro anti-p. acnes and anti-inflammatory properties of 6 compounds iso ...201424699048
pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with various kinds of acne treated with isotretinoin.acne vulgaris is the most frequently diagnosed dermatosis in patients aged between 11 and 30. it is believed that it affects about 80% of persons in this age group or even, taking into account lesions of low intensity, 100% of young people. the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of acne is not fully known. the tlr2 receptors play a role in the aetiology of acne. stimulation of tlr2 by propionibacterium acnes makes the il-8 and il-12 concentrations increase.201424683393
propionibacterium acnes, an emerging pathogen: from acne to implant-infections, from phylotype to resistance.propionibacterium acnes colonizes the lipid-rich sebaceous glands of the skin. this preferential anaerobic bacterium is easily identified if cultures are prolonged. it is involved in the inflammation process of acne, but until recently, it was neglected in other clinical presentations. despite a reported low virulence, the new genomic, transcriptomic, and phylogenetic studies have allowed better understanding of this pathogen's importance that causes many chronic and recurrent infections, includ ...201424656842
frozen section histology: a new tool to identify propionibacterium acnes infections in revision shoulder arthroplasty. commentary on an article by matthew j. grosso, bs, et al., "sensitivity of frozen section histology for identifying propionibacterium acnes infections in revision shoulder arthroplasty". 201424647516
sensitivity of frozen section histology for identifying propionibacterium acnes infections in revision shoulder arthroplasty.propionibacterium acnes is a clinically relevant pathogen with total shoulder arthroplasty. the purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity of frozen section histology in identifying patients with propionibacterium acnes infection during revision total shoulder arthroplasty and investigate various diagnostic thresholds of acute inflammation that may improve frozen section performance.201424647499
an exploratory study of microbial diversity in sinus infections of cystic fibrosis patients by molecular methods.for the first time microorganisms in cf sinuses are investigated by molecular methods in response to an absence of anaerobes in cf sinus samples during a two-year period at the copenhagen cf center.201424636809
lps and inactivated propionibacterium acnes elicit a partially protective response in primary infections of heligmosomoides polygyrus.intestinal helminth infections are common and of paramount economic importance in domestic animals. available chemotherapy is limited and anthelmintic resistance is widespread in some hosts. this scenario favors the exploration of alternative methods of control, among them immune modulators. the effect of escherichia coli lps+propionibacterium acnes on a primary infection of heligmosomoides polygyrus (trichostongyloidea) in mice has been tested. nematode infection induced a rise of specific igg1 ...201424636785
use of a recombinant cysteine proteinase from leishmania (leishmania) infantum chagasi for the immunotherapy of canine visceral leishmaniasis.a recombinant cysteine proteinase from leishmania (leishmania) infantum chagasi (rldccys1) was previously shown to induce protective immune responses against murine and canine visceral leishmaniasis. these findings encouraged us to use rldccys1 in the immunotherapy of naturally infected dogs from teresina, piauí, a region of high incidence of visceral leishmaniasis in brazil.201424625516
influence of different additives and their concentrations on corneal toxicity and antimicrobial effect of benzalkonium chloride.the aim of this study was to examine the ophthalmic additives responsible for modulating acute corneal epithelial toxicity induced by benzalkonium chloride (bac) and investigate the ability of polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil 40 (hco-40) and polysorbate 80 (ps-80) to reduce the corneal toxicity and antimicrobial effects of bac.201424619166
optic neuropathy caused by propionibacterium acnes pachymeningitis.we describe a patient with vision loss from an optic neuropathy caused by propionibacterium acnes pachymeningitis. the patient's optic neuropathy was stabilized with appropriate antibiotic therapy.201424614085
adhesion of anaerobic bacteria to platelet containers.anaerobic propionibacterium acnes and staphylococcus saccharolyticus are frequently isolated during platelet screening with anaerobic culture methods. although neither p. acnes nor s. saccharolyticus proliferates during platelet storage, both species survive well in this environment. this study was aimed at determining whether strains of p. acnes and/or s. saccharolyticus form surface-attached bacterial cell aggregates, known as biofilms, under platelet storage conditions. we report that these o ...201424602052
propionibacterium acnes and staphylococcus lugdunensis cause pyogenic osteomyelitis in an intramedullary nail model in rabbits.propionibacterium acnes and coagulase-negative staphylococci (cons) are opportunistic pathogens implicated in prosthetic joint and fracture fixation device-related infections. the purpose of this study was to determine whether p. acnes and the cons species staphylococcus lugdunensis, isolated from an "aseptically failed" prosthetic hip joint and a united intramedullary nail-fixed tibial fracture, respectively, could cause osteomyelitis in an established implant-related osteomyelitis model in rab ...201424599975
intracellular propionibacterium acnes infection in glandular epithelium and stromal macrophages of the prostate with or without cancer.recent reports on propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) suggest that this bacterium is prevalent in the prostate, is associated with acute and chronic prostatic inflammation, and might have a role in prostate carcinogenesis.201424587325
bone and joint infections due to anaerobic bacteria: an analysis of 61 cases and review of the literature.the diagnosis of anaerobic bone and joint infections (bji) were underestimated before the advent of molecular identification and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms). we report 61 cases of anaerobic infections based on our 4-year experience with the management of bji. a total of 75% of cases were post-surgical infections, associated with osteosynthesis devices (65%). early infections occurred in 27% of cases, delayed infections in 17.5% of c ...201424577953
clonality and anatomic distribution on the skin of antibiotic resistant and sensitive propionibacterium acnes.increasing antibiotic resistance in the population of propionibacterium acnes is a major concern. our aims were to examine the clonal relationships and anatomical distribution of resistant and sensitive p. acnes. a collection of 350 p. acnes isolates was therefore used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of tetracycline, erythro-mycin and clindamycin, multilocus sequence type, and the identity of genetic resistance markers. two hitherto unknown resistance mutations were detected. r ...201424577497
susceptibility profiles of propionibacterium acnes isolated from patients with acne vulgaris.the wide prescription of antibiotics in patients with acne vulgaris has generated the concern of emergence of antibiotic-resistant propionibacterium acnes. to study the susceptibility profiles of p. acnes isolated from patients with acne vulgaris, 90 isolates were isolated from sebum collected from lesions of 191 patients. susceptibilities to amoxicillin, minocycline, erythromycin and clindamycin were studied by the etest method. thirty-four isolates (37.8%) were resistant to both erythromycin a ...201427873635
a preliminary report on the use of antibiotic-impregnated methyl methacrylate in salvage cranioplasty.in the setting of recurrent infection and multiple failed reconstruction attempts, the choice of the ideal reconstructive material for salvage cranioplasty remains a source of controversy in the literature. the purpose of this study is to establish the safety and utility of antibiotic-impregnated polymethyl methacrylate (pmma) for salvage cranioplasty.a prospectively maintained database of all patients who underwent salvage cranioplasty using vancomycin and tobramycin-impregnated methyl methacry ...201424561365
interkingdom transfer of the acne-causing agent, propionibacterium acnes, from human to grapevine.here, we report the surprising and, to our knowledge, unique example of horizontal interkingdom transfer of a human opportunistic pathogen (propionibacterium acnes) to a crop plant (the domesticated grapevine vitis vinifera l.). humans, like most organisms, have established a long-lasting cohabitation with a variety of microbes, including pathogens and gut-associated bacteria. studies which have investigated the dynamics of such associations revealed numerous cases of bacterial host switches fro ...201424554779
anti-inflammatory effects of anthocyanins-rich extract from bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) on croton oil-induced ear edema and propionibacterium acnes plus lps-induced liver damage in mice.bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) has been known to play a protective role in human health due to its high anthocyanin content. this study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of bilberry extract (be, containing 42.04% anthocyanin) on propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) plus lipopolysaccharide (lps) induced liver injury and croton oil-induced ear edema in mice. results showed that be could effectively inhibit croton oil-induced ear edema and liver inflammation provoked by p. acnes plus lps, ...201424548119
severe inflammation associated with synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis (sapho) syndrome was markedly ameliorated by single use of minocycline.we describe the case of a 63-year-old female who presented with severe inflammatory spondylitis, refractory to various antibiotics. mycobacterial and fungal osteomyelitis were unlikely. although asymptomatic, she also had osteomyelitis in the sternocostoclavicular region, and was suspected of having synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis (sapho) syndrome, against which minocycline showed marked efficacy. the presence of severe inflammatory sapho, albeit rare, together with the marke ...201424533553
fusidic acid in skin infections and infected atopic eczema.skin infections represent an important public health issue and cost-driver. additionally, chronic skin lesions are sometimes colonized by gram-negative species. topical therapies are a key component in the management of mild-to-moderate skin infections. in such cases, topical antibiotics may be preferable to systemic treatment, since they maximize the effective doses at the site of infection while minimizing the systemic side effects of the drugs. however, the prevalence of resistant strains is ...201425068235
protective effect of melittin against inflammation and apoptosis on propionibacterium acnes-induced human thp-1 monocytic cell.melittin is a cationic, hemolytic peptide that is the main toxic component in the venom of the honey bee (apis mellifera). it has been used in treatment of various chronic inflammatory diseases. however, the cellular mechanism and the anti-apoptotic effect of melittin in propionibactierium acnes (p. acnes)-induced thp-1 cells have not been explored. in the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic mechanism by examining the effect of melittin on p. acnes-induced thp ...201425062791
pacemaker endocarditis caused by propionibacterium acnes in an adult patient with ebstein's anomaly: a report of a rare case.we report a rare case of a brazilian adult woman with ebstein's anomaly who presented with pacemaker endocarditis caused by propionibacterium acnes. ebstein's anomaly is a rare congenital malformation of the heart. infective endocarditis is defined as an infection of heart valves, of the mural endocardium, of a septal defect, or of a cardiac electronic implantable device. propionibacterium acnes is a skin commensal bacterium, that is usually considered as a contaminant, but can, on rare occasion ...201425047281
a novel high-resolution single locus sequence typing scheme for mixed populations of propionibacterium acnes in vivo.the gram-positive anaerobic bacterium propionibacterium acnes is a prevalent member of the normal skin microbiota of human adults. in addition to its suspected role in acne vulgaris it is involved in a variety of opportunistic infections. multi-locus sequence-typing (mlst) schemes identified distinct phylotypes associated with health and disease. being based on 8 to 9 house-keeping genes these mlst schemes have a high discriminatory power, but their application is time- and cost-intensive. here ...201425111794
self-reported acne is not associated with prostate cancer.some studies have suggested an inverse association between acne vulgaris and the acne-related bacterium propionibacterium acnes and prostate cancer (pca). self-reported acne might be an easily obtainable marker to identify men at relatively low risk of pca and might be incorporated into pca risk calculators. this study aimed to evaluate the association between self-reported acne and pca in a large case-referent study.201425011577
complications of shoulder arthroscopy.over the past 20 to 30 years, arthroscopic shoulder techniques have become increasingly popular. although these techniques have several advantages over open surgery, surgical complications are no less prevalent or devastating than those associated with open techniques. some of the complications associated with arthroscopic shoulder surgery include recurrent instability, soft-tissue injury, and neurapraxia. these complications can be minimized with thoughtful consideration of the surgical indicat ...201424966247
anti-propionibacterium acnes assay-guided purification of brazilin and preparation of brazilin rich extract from caesalpinia sappan heartwood.caesalpinia sappan l. (leguminosae or fabaceae) heartwood has been used as a coloring agent, with antibacterial activity in food, beverages, cosmetics, and garments.201424963948
subacute bacterial endocarditis and subsequent shunt nephritis from ventriculoatrial shunting 14 years after shunt implantation.fourteen years after shunt implantation, a 26-year-old patient with myelomeningocele, concomitant hydrocephalus and a ventriculoatrial cerebrospinal fluid (csf) shunt presented with brief but recurrent episodes of fever predominantly when taking showers or during physical exertion. after 4 years of inconclusive multidisciplinary investigations, the patient progressed into end-stage renal disease before an echocardiogram revealed a vegetative plaque on the tendinous chords of the tricuspid valve. ...201424962489
safety of topical vancomycin for pediatric spinal deformity: nontoxic serum levels with supratherapeutic drain levels.retrospective cohort analysis.201424921849
re-evaluating treatment targets in acne vulgaris: adapting to a new understanding of pathophysiology.two primary factors are changing current approaches to the management of acne vulgaris (av): the continuously evolving role of propionibacterium acnes in the pathophysiology of av and recent evidence of an inflammatory basis for av via innate immunity. the developing concepts emphasize that acne is primarily an inflammatory disease. the emerging concept of subclinical inflammation and its effect on development and progression of acne lesions correlating with the sequence of the underlying inflam ...201424918572
isotretinoin therapy changes the expression of antimicrobial peptides in acne vulgaris.in acne vulgaris, antimicrobial peptides (amps) could play a dual role; i.e., protective by acting against propionibacterium acnes, pro-inflammatory by acting as signalling molecules. the cutaneous expression of 15 different amps was investigated in acne patients; furthermore, the impact of isotretinoin therapy on amp expression was analysed in skin biopsies from 13 patients with acne vulgaris taken before, during and after a 6-month treatment cycle with isotretinoin using quantitative real-time ...201424916439
polymicrobial chronic endophthalmitis diagnosed by culture and molecular technique.accurate etiological diagnosis is the key to prevention of ocular morbidity in endophthalmitis cases. a 66 year old male was suffering from chronic endophthalmitis post-cataract surgery. polymerase chain reaction examination on anterior chamber fluid was positive for propionibacterium acnes but negative for the panfungal genome. he was advised vitrectomy with intravitreal injections. polymerase chain reaction of vitreous aspirate was positive for p.acnes as well as panfungal genome. the vitreous ...201425008833
cellular activation in the immune response of sarcoidosis.sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disorder characterized by an accumulation of lymphocytes and macrophages in the alveoli. ultimately, long-lasting, nontreated disease results in a distortion of the microarchitecture of the lower respiratory tract. our current understanding of its pathogenesis is that several sequential immunological events finally resulting in granuloma formation are involved: (1) dependent on a susceptible genetic background described by a variety of functional polymorphi ...201425007083
propionibacterium acnes: from commensal to opportunistic biofilm-associated implant pathogen.propionibacterium acnes is known primarily as a skin commensal. however, it can present as an opportunistic pathogen via bacterial seeding to cause invasive infections such as implant-associated infections. these infections have gained more attention due to improved diagnostic procedures, such as sonication of explanted foreign materials and prolonged cultivation time of up to 14 days for periprosthetic biopsy specimens, and improved molecular methods, such as broad-range 16s rrna gene pcr. impl ...201424982315
three dimensional distribution of propionibacterium acnes biofilms in human skin.propionibacterium acnes is regarded as a common member of the human skin microbiota, often occurring in biofilms. little is known about the size of bacterial biofilms in hair follicles as a few sections of biopsy tissue are routinely evaluated. transversal sectioning provides a better opportunity for histological analyses of hair follicles which can be followed through the different morphological levels. direct visualization of p. acnes biofilms in hundreds of consecutive sections allowed insigh ...201424980271
toll-like receptor 2 and p. acnes: do they trigger initial acne vulgaris lesions?to elucidate the role of toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris through its immunohistochemical localization in inflammatory and noninflammatory lesions of this disease entity.201424902362
diagnosis and management of periprosthetic shoulder infections.➤ the unique bacterial flora of the shoulder present diagnostic and treatment challenges that are distinct from those seen with failed hip and knee arthroplasties.➤ the presentation, diagnosis, and management of suppurative periprosthetic joint infections of the shoulder are similar to those of the hip and the knee.➤ failed arthroplasties with positive cultures (fapcs) are poorly performing shoulder reconstructions associated with low-virulence microorganisms that do not evoke a suppurative infl ...201424897745
novel pharmacological approaches for the treatment of acne vulgaris.acne vulgaris is the most common skin disease worldwide; yet, current treatment options, although effective, are associated with unwanted side effects, chronicity, relapses and recurrences. the adequate control of the four pathogenic mechanisms, involved in the appearance of acne lesions, is paramount to treatment success.201424890096
antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of endophytic fungi talaromyces wortmannii extracts against acne-inducing bacteria.acne vulgaris is the most common skin disease, causing significant psychosocial problems such as anxiety and depression similar to a chronic illness for those afflicted. currently, obtainable agents for acne treatment have limited use. thus, development of novel agents to treat this disease is a high medical need. the anaerobic bacterium propionibacterium acnes has been implicated in the inflammatory phase of acne vulgaris by activating pro-inflammatory mediators such as the interleukin-8 (il-8) ...201424887557
management of late postoperative capsular block syndrome with accumulation of propionibacterium acnes. 201424862790
oral sarcoidosis: a case report and review of the literature.sarcoidosis is a chronic multi-system immuno-inflammatory disorder characterized by non-caseating granulomatous infiltration of affected tissues that may result in fibrosis and organ dysfunction. it generally affects genetically predisposed young adults who develop a local dysregulated cell-mediated immune response towards an undefined 'sarcoidal antigen'. from recent data, it has become evident that propionibacterium acnes and mycobacterium tuberculosis are the probable antigenic agents which i ...201424862235
infectious prosthetic hip joint loosening: bacterial species involved in its aetiology and their antibiotic resistance profiles against antibiotics recommended for the therapy of implant-associated infections.reliable microbiological diagnosis along with surgery and prolonged antibiotic therapy are key elements in the management of prosthetic-joint infections (pjis). the purpose of this study was to characterize antibiotic resistance profiles of bacteria involved in the aetiology of pjis. a total of 33 bacterial isolates cultured from 31 patients undergoing exchange of total hip prostheses were analyzed. the diagnostic approach toward isolation of prosthesis- associated microorganisms included sonica ...201424858648
hemolysis as a clinical marker for propionibacterium acnes orthopedic infection.determining if a propionibacterium acnes culture is a true infection or a contaminant remains a challenge. we conducted a study to distinguish between a true infection and a contaminated culture based on the p acnes hemolytic phenotype and clinical presentation. all p acnes strains were from orthopedic patients who had undergone arthroplasty or nonarthroplasty shoulder procedures. hemolysis was determined according to p acnes growth on brucella blood agar plates after 48 to 72 hours. each patien ...201424839635
propionibacterium acnes activates the nlrp3 inflammasome in human sebocytes.propionibacterium acne and sebaceous glands are considered to have an important role in the development of acne. although information regarding the activation of innate immunity by p. acnes in the sebaceous gland is limited, different p. acnes phylotypes and a higher prevalence of follicular p. acnes macrocolonies/biofilms in sebaceous follicles of skin biopsies from acne compared with control skin and occasionally single p. acnes clusters in single sebaceous glands have been detected. in this s ...201424820890
importance of kupffer cells in the development of acute liver injuries in mice.kupffer cells reside within the liver sinusoid and serve as gatekeepers. they produce pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and other biologically important molecules upon the engagement of pattern recognition receptors such as toll-like receptors. kupffer cell-ablated mice established by in vivo treatment with clodronate liposomes have revealed many important features of kupffer cells. in this paper, we review the importance of kupffer cells in murine acute liver injuries and focus on the follow ...201424802875
lactic acid microflora of the gut of snail cornu aspersum.the intestinal lactic acid microflora of the edible snail cornu aspersum was studied by culture-based methods and was phenotypically and molecularly characterized. the antibacterial activity of lactic acid bacteria (lab) isolates was investigated. snails in different stages of development were collected from farms located in several regions of bulgaria. one hundred twenty-two isolates, belonging to the group of lab, were characterized morphologically and were divided into four groups. representa ...201426019550
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