Publications

in vivo selection of campylobacter isolates with high levels of fluoroquinolone resistance associated with gyra mutations and the function of the cmeabc efflux pump.	enrofloxacin treatment of chickens infected with fluoroquinolone(fq)-sensitive campylobacter promoted the emergence of fq-resistant campylobacter mutants which propagated in the intestinal tract and recolonized the chickens. the recovered isolates were highly resistant to quinolone antibiotics but remained susceptible to non-fq antimicrobial agents. specific single-point mutations in the gyra gene and the function of the cmeabc efflux pump were linked to the acquired fq resistance. these results ...	2003	12499221
whole-proteome interaction mining.	motivation: a major post-genomic scientific and technological pursuit is to describe the functions performed by the proteins encoded by the genome. one strategy is to first identify the protein-protein interactions in a proteome, then determine pathways and overall structure relating these interactions, and finally to statistically infer functional roles of individual proteins. although huge amounts of genomic data are at hand, current experimental protein interaction assays must overcome techni ...	2003	12499302
enhanced surveillance of campylobacter infection in the north west of england 1997-1999.	to identify sources and routes of infection for sporadic cases of campylobacter infection in the north west of england.	2003	12504607
flagella and motility in actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.	actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae has been considered nonmotile and nonflagellate. in this work, it is demonstrated that a. pleuropneumoniae produces flagella composed of a 65-kda protein with an n-terminal amino acid sequence that shows 100% identity with those of escherichia coli, salmonella, and shigella flagellins. the dna sequence obtained through pcr of the flic gene in a. pleuropneumoniae showed considerable identity (93%) in its 5' and 3' ends with the dna sequences of corresponding genes ...	2003	12511514
fluoroquinolone resistance in campylobacter species from man and animals: detection of mutations in topoisomerase genes.	consecutive isolates of quinolone-resistant campylobacter isolated over a 5 year period (1990-1995) from the faeces of patients with enteritis in plymouth, uk, were examined for the epidemiology of mutations in gyra (n = 127). in addition, clinical isolates and poultry isolates from germany, the netherlands and other regions of the uk collected before 1995 were examined for mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region of gyra by single-stranded conformational polymorphism analysis an ...	2003	12493783
survival and resuscitation of ten strains of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli under acid conditions.	the culturability of 10 strains of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli was studied after the bacteria were exposed to acid conditions for various periods of time. campylobacter cells could not survive 2 h under acid conditions (formic acid at ph 4). the 10 campylobacter strains could not be recovered, even when enrichment media were used. viable cells, however, could be detected by a double-staining (5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride [ctc]-4',6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole [dapi]) te ...	2003	12514068
algorithms for computing parsimonious evolutionary scenarios for genome evolution, the last universal common ancestor and dominance of horizontal gene transfer in the evolution of prokaryotes.	comparative analysis of sequenced genomes reveals numerous instances of apparent horizontal gene transfer (hgt), at least in prokaryotes, and indicates that lineage-specific gene loss might have been even more common in evolution. this complicates the notion of a species tree, which needs to be re-interpreted as a prevailing evolutionary trend, rather than the full depiction of evolution, and makes reconstruction of ancestral genomes a non-trivial task.	2003	12515582
no simple dependence between protein evolution rate and the number of protein-protein interactions: only the most prolific interactors tend to evolve slowly.	it has been suggested that rates of protein evolution are influenced, to a great extent, by the proportion of amino acid residues that are directly involved in protein function. in agreement with this hypothesis, recent work has shown a negative correlation between evolutionary rates and the number of protein-protein interactions. however, the extent to which the number of protein-protein interactions influences evolutionary rates remains unclear. here, we address this question at several differ ...	2003	12515583
comparative genotyping of campylobacter jejuni by amplified fragment length polymorphism, multilocus sequence typing, and short repeat sequencing: strain diversity, host range, and recombination.	three molecular typing methods were used to study the relationships among 184 campylobacter strains isolated from humans, cattle, and chickens. all strains were genotyped by amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis, multilocus sequence typing (mlst), and sequence analysis of a genomic region with short tandem repeats designated clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crisprs). mlst and aflp analysis yielded more than 100 different profiles and patterns, respectiv ...	2003	12517820
detection, isolation, and molecular subtyping of escherichia coli o157:h7 and campylobacter jejuni associated with a large waterborne outbreak.	the largest reported outbreak of waterborne escherichia coli o157:h7 in the united states occurred in upstate new york following a county fair in august 1999. culture methods were used to isolate e. coli o157:h7 from specimens from 128 of 775 patients with suspected infections. campylobacter jejuni was also isolated from stools of 44 persons who developed diarrheal illness after attending this fair. there was one case of a confirmed coinfection with e. coli o157:h7 and c. jejuni. molecular detec ...	2003	12517844
genetic diversity of neisseria gonorrhoeae housekeeping genes.	molecular typing of neisseria gonorrhoeae strains is an important tool for epidemiological studies of gonococcal infection and transmission. the recently developed multilocus sequence typing (mlst) method is based on the genetic variation among housekeeping genes. as a preliminary investigation for the development of such a method, we characterized the genetic diversity at 18 gonococcal housekeeping gene loci. approximately 17,500 nucleotides, spanning 18 loci, were sequenced from 24 isolates. i ...	2003	12517848
comparison of lightcycler pcr, rapid antigen immunoassay, and culture for detection of group a streptococci from throat swabs.	we compared the performance characteristics of a real-time pcr method, the lightcycler strep-a assay (roche applied science, indianapolis, ind.), to those of a rapid antigen immunoassay, the directigen 1-2-3 group a strep test kit (bd diagnostic systems, sparks, md.), and a standard culture method for detection of group a streptococci (gas) from 384 throat swabs. the lightcycler pcr produced more positive results (n = 58) than either culture (n = 55) or the directigen immunoassay (n = 31). the r ...	2003	12517855
evaluation of 11 pcr assays for species-level identification of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli.	we examined the sensitivity and specificity of 11 pcr assays described for the species identification of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli by using 111 type, reference, and field strains of c. jejuni, c. coli, and campylobacter lari. for six assays, an additional 21 type strains representing related campylobacter, arcobacter, and helicobacter species were also included. pcr tests were initially established in the laboratory by optimizing conditions with respect to five type and referen ...	2003	12517869
real-time pcr assay for rapid and accurate detection of point mutations conferring resistance to clarithromycin in helicobacter pylori.	the main cause of failure of helicobacter pylori eradication therapy is resistance to clarithromycin. the resistance is due to three point mutations in two positions on the 23s rrna (a2142c, a2142g, and a2143g). our aim was to develop a rapid and accurate method to detect these mutations directly on biopsy specimens. we developed a real-time pcr that included a simultaneous detection of the amplicons by hybridization of two probes labeled with lc-red and fluorescein by using the fluorescence res ...	2003	12517879
epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibilities of 111 campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus strains isolated in québec, canada, from 1983 to 2000.	the epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibilities of 111 campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus strains isolated from 103 patients from 1983 to 2000 in québec, canada, were determined. the median number of patients infected annually with this bacteria was seven, with an incidence of 0.1 per 100,000 population. the male-to-female ratio was 1.1 to 1.0. the patients originated from 13 of the 18 québec socioeconomic regions. the age range of the patients was 6 months to 90 years old, 53% being > or = 70 ...	2003	12517895
reductive genome evolution in buchnera aphidicola.	we have sequenced the genome of the intracellular symbiont buchnera aphidicola from the aphid baizongia pistacea. this strain diverged 80-150 million years ago from the common ancestor of two previously sequenced buchnera strains. here, a field-collected, nonclonal sample of insects was used as source material for laboratory procedures. as a consequence, the genome assembly unveiled intrapopulational variation, consisting of approximately 1,200 polymorphic sites. comparison of the 618-kb (kbp) g ...	2003	12522265
colonisation phenotype and colonisation potential differences in campylobacter jejuni strains in chickens before and after passage in vivo.	campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from chicken faeces and from humans suffering from gastroenteritis were used to determine the colonisation phenotypes and colonisation potential of these strains in chickens. five different colonisation types were observed ranging from immediate and sustained colonisation to completely non-colonising. phenotype one showed immediate colonisation with prolonged excretion of viable c. jejuni bacteria. phenotype two showed delayed colonisation with prolonged exc ...	2003	12523984
noti passporting to identify species composition of complex microbial systems.	we describe here a new method for large-scale scanning of microbial genomes on a quantitative and qualitative basis. to achieve this aim we propose to create noti passports: databases containing noti tags. we demonstrated that these tags comprising 19 bp of sequence information could be successfully generated using dna isolated from intestinal or fecal samples. such noti passports allow the discrimination between closely related bacterial species and even strains. this procedure for generating r ...	2003	12527794
application of single-strand conformation polymorphism and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis for fla sequence typing of campylobacter jejuni.	campylobacter jejuni is a frequent cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans all over the world. several molecular typing methods are used to study the epidemiology of campylobacter spp. infections. the aim of the present study was to investigate the application of single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) analysis as rapid primary subtyping methods for c. jejuni. a variable fragment from the 3' end of the flaa to the 3' end of the inter ...	2003	12531499
rates and consequences of recombination between rrna operons.	a mutant strain of escherichia coli was created by inserting a cassette encoding sucrose sensitivity and neomycin resistance (sacb-neo) into the small-subunit rrna-encoding gene rrs in the rrnb operon. during growth in a complex medium, the cassette was lost from the population, and a complete rrs gene was restored at a rate of 5 x 10(-9) per cell division. repair of this lesion required flanking regions of dna that were similar to the six remaining intact rrna operons and reestablished the full ...	2003	12533472
the iron-binding protein dps confers hydrogen peroxide stress resistance to campylobacter jejuni.	we identified and characterized the iron-binding protein dps from campylobacter jejuni. electron microscopic analysis of this protein revealed a spherical structure of 8.5 nm in diameter, with an electron-dense core similar to those of other proteins of the dps (dna-binding protein from starved cells) family. cloning and sequencing of the dps-encoding gene (dps) revealed that a 450-bp open reading frame (orf) encoded a protein of 150 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 17,332 da. ami ...	2003	12533477
reference isolates for the clonal complexes of campylobacter jejuni.	to identify and make available through the national collection of type cultures (nctc) a set of reference isolates for the clonal complexes of campylobacter jejuni.	2003	12535131
prevalence of enteric pathogens in dogs of north-central colorado.	to evaluate the prevalence of enteric pathogens in dogs of north-central colorado, fecal samples were obtained from client-owned dogs presented to the veterinary teaching hospital at colorado state university for evaluation of acute small-bowel, large-bowel, or mixed-bowel diarrhea (n=71) and from age-matched, client-owned, healthy dogs (n=59). infectious agents potentially associated with gastrointestinal disease were detected in 34 of 130 (26.1%) fecal samples. agents with zoonotic potential w ...	2003	12549614
two hsp70 family members expressed in atherosclerotic lesions.	gene expression profiling was carried out comparing con a elicited peritoneal macrophages from c57bl6 and fvbn wild-type and apolipoprotein (apo)e knockout mice. an est, was expressed at higher levels in c57bl6 compared with fvbn mice. mapped to an atherosclerosis susceptibility locus on chromosome 19 revealed in an intercross between atherosclerosis-susceptible c57bl6 and atherosclerosis-resistant fvbn apoe knockout mice. a combination of database search and northern analysis confirmed that cor ...	2003	12552099
campylobacter transmission in a peruvian shantytown: a longitudinal study using strain typing of campylobacter isolates from chickens and humans in household clusters.	campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of pediatric diarrhea in developing countries-free-ranging chickens are presumed to be a common source. campylobacter strains from monthly surveillance and diarrhea cases were compared by means of restriction-fragment length polymorphism (rflp), rapid amplified polymorphic dna, and lior serotyping. rflp analysis of 156 human and 682 avian strains demonstrated identical strains in chickens and humans in 29 (70.7%) of 41 families, and 35%-39% of human isolates ...	2003	12552450
enhancement of disease and pathology by synergy of trichuris suis and campylobacter jejuni in the colon of immunologically naive swine.	campylobacter jejuni, a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis, has different age distribution and disease expression in developing and developed countries, which may be due to the endemnicity of infection and the age of acquisition of immunity. differences in disease expression are not solely dependent on the c jejuni strain or virulence attributes. another modulating factor in developing countries may be endemic nematode infections such as trichuris, which drive type 2 cytokine responses a ...	2003	12556152
interaction between probiotic lactic acid bacteria and canine enteric pathogens: a risk factor for intestinal enterococcus faecium colonization?	selected probiotic lactic acid bacteria (lab) have been shown to elicit positive health effects particularly in humans. competitive exclusion of pathogens is one of the most important beneficial health claims of probiotic bacteria. the effect of probiotic lab on competitive exclusion of pathogens has been demonstrated in humans, chicken and pigs. in this study we evaluated the ability of certain lab strains (lactobacillus rhamnosus gg, bifidobacterium lactis bb12, lactobacillus pentosus uk1a, l. ...	2003	12488075
resistance to quinolones in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli from danish broilers at farm level.	to investigate the prevalence of quinolone resistance among campylobacter jejuni and camp. coli isolates from danish poultry at the farm level, as well as for the whole country.	2003	12492931
occurrence of yersinia enterocolitica and campylobacter spp. in slaughter pigs and consequences for meat inspection, slaughtering, and dressing procedures.	the purpose of the present investigation was to assess the occurrence of yersinia enterocolitica and campylobacter spp. in the lymphoid tissues and intestinal tract in pigs and the risk for contamination during the compulsory meat inspection procedures and the procedures during slaughtering and dressing. another objective of the investigation was to compare traditional isolation methods, the use of a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method (bugs'n beads bacterial dna isolation kit) and an elisa m ...	2003	12423925
quantitative, multiplexed detection of bacterial pathogens: dna and protein applications of the luminex labmap system.	escherichia coli, salmonella, listeria monocytogenes and campylobacter jejuni are bacterial pathogens commonly implicated in foodborne illnesses. generally used detection methods (i.e., culture, biochemical testing, elisa and nucleic acid amplification) can be laborious, time-consuming and require multiple tests to detect all of the pathogens. our objective was to develop rapid assays to simultaneously detect these four organisms through the presence of antigen or dna using the luminex labmap sy ...	2003	12654495
epidemiology of rifampin adp-ribosyltransferase (arr-2) and metallo-beta-lactamase (blaimp-4) gene cassettes in class 1 integrons in acinetobacter strains isolated from blood cultures in 1997 to 2000.	we characterized two new gene cassettes in an acinetobacter isolate: one harbored the metallo-beta-lactamase (imp-4) gene bla(imp-4), the other harbored the rifampin adp-ribosyltransferase (arr-2) gene arr-2, and both arrayed with the aminoglycoside acetyltransferase [aac(6')-ib(7)] gene cassette aaca4 in two separate class 1 integrons. the epidemiology of these gene cassettes in isolates from blood cultures obtained from 1997 to 2000 was studied. isolates bearing either the bla(imp-4) or the ar ...	2003	12654674
antibiotic susceptibility of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli human isolates from bosnia and herzegovina.		2003	12654755
flagella are virulence determinants of burkholderia pseudomallei.	burkholderia pseudomallei, a facultatively intracellular pathogen, is a flagellated and motile gram-negative bacterium and is the causative agent of melioidosis in humans. flagella are commonly recognized as important virulence determinants expressed by bacterial pathogens since the motility phenotype imparted by these organelles often correlates with the ability of an organism to cause disease. we used a virulent isolate of b. pseudomallei, khw, to construct an isogenic deletion mutant with a m ...	2003	12654773
helicobacter pylori mutants defective in ruvc holliday junction resolvase display reduced macrophage survival and spontaneous clearance from the murine gastric mucosa.	homologous recombination contributes to the extraordinary genetic diversity of helicobacter pylori and may be critical for surface antigen expression and adaptation to environmental challenges within the stomach. we generated isogenic, nonpolar h. pylori ruvc mutants to investigate the function of ruvc, a holliday junction endonuclease that resolves recombinant joints into nicked duplex products. inactivation of ruvc reduced the frequency of homologous recombination of h. pylori between 17- and ...	2003	12654822
fluoroquinolone susceptibility of campylobacter strains, senegal.	to assess fluoroquinolone susceptibility of campylobacter strains in senegal, skin samples were collected from 250 chicken carcasses from january 2001 to october 2002. among 205 isolated campylobacter strains, 59% and 41% were identified as campylobacter jejuni and c. coli, respectively; the overall ciprofloxacin-resistance rate was 34%.	2003	14718098
fluoroquinolone resistance in campylobacter absent from isolates, australia.	fluoroquinolone resistance was detected in 12 of 370 australian human campylobacter isolates; 10 of these were travel-associated, and for 2 isolates travel status was unknown. no resistance was found in isolates known to be locally acquired. in australia, fluoroquinolones have not been licensed for use in food production animals, a policy that may have relevance for countries with fluoroquinolone-resistant campylobacter.	2003	14718099
cecal colonization of chicks by bovine-derived strains of campylobacter.	campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli strains were isolated from feces of dairy cattle at farms with no known problem due to campylobacteria. farms were located in the northeast, desert southwest, and pacific west. twenty isolates were identified by ribotyping with a riboprinter. the ability of these bovine isolates to colonize the ceca of chicks was determined by challenge inoculation and reisolation of the challenge strain from the ceca at 1 and 2 wk after challenge. isolates recovered f ...	2003	14708992
antimicrobial susceptibility trends in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from a rural egyptian pediatric population with diarrhea.	comparative and trend analysis was conducted on annual prevalence of antimicrobial susceptibility among campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli recovered from rural egyptian children from 1995 through 2000. c. jejuni and c. coli demonstrated significant decreasing trends in ciprofloxacin susceptibility over the study period (p < 0.001 for both). in general, c. coli demonstrated a higher degree of susceptibility than c. jejuni, however, there was no statistical difference (p = 0.2) comparing ...	2003	14711482
risk factors for antibiotic resistance in campylobacter spp. isolated from raw poultry meat in switzerland.	the world-wide increase of foodborne infections with antibiotic resistant pathogens is of growing concern and is designated by the world health organization as an emerging public health problem. thermophilic campylobacter have been recognised as a major cause of foodborne bacterial gastrointestinal human infections in switzerland and in many other countries throughout the world. poultry meat is the most common source for foodborne cases caused by campylobacter. because all classes of antibiotics ...	2003	14662013
risk factors associated with campylobacter jejuni infections in curaçao, netherlands antilles.	a steady increase in the incidence of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) with a seasonal preponderance, almost exclusively related to campylobacter jejuni, and a rise in the incidence of laboratory-confirmed campylobacter enteritis have been reported from curaçao, netherlands antilles. we therefore investigated possible risk factors associated with diarrhea due to epidemic c. jejuni. typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis identified four epidemic clones which accounted for almost 60% of the infec ...	2003	14662945
molecular evidence for dissemination of unique campylobacter jejuni clones in curaçao, netherlands antilles.	campylobacter jejuni isolates (n = 234) associated with gastroenteritis and the guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) in the island of curaçao, netherlands antilles, and collected from march 1999 to march 2000 were investigated by a range of molecular typing techniques. data obtained by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis, multilocus sequence typing (mlst), automated ribotyping, and sequence analysis of the short variable region of the flagelli ...	2003	14662946
multilocus sequence typing of candida glabrata reveals geographically enriched clades.	the haploid pathogenic yeast candida glabrata is the second most common candida species isolated from cases of bloodstream infection. the clinical relevance of c. glabrata is enhanced by its reduced susceptibility to fluconazole. despite this, little is known of the epidemiology or population structure of this species. we developed a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) scheme for c. glabrata and used it to fingerprint a geographically diverse collection of 107 clinical isolates and 2 reference str ...	2003	14662965
variation of the natural transformation frequency of campylobacter jejuni in liquid shake culture.	natural transformation, a mechanism that generates genetic diversity in campylobacter jejuni, was studied in a novel liquid shake culturing system that allowed an approximately 10 000-fold increase in cell density. c. jejuni transformation frequency was analysed in this system under 10 %, 5.0 % and 0.7 % co(2) atmospheres. at 5.0 % and 10 % co(2) concentrations, when purified isogenic chromosomal dna was used to assess competence, transformation frequency ranged from 10(-3) to 10(-4) at low cell ...	2003	14663092
comparison of three methods for epidemiological typing of campylobacter jejuni and c. coli.	a total of 168 campylobacter strains (154 c. jejuni and 14 c. coli) isolated from human clinical samples and chicken meat were typed using penner serotyping, randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd), and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) with four restriction enzymes (sac ii, sal i, sma i, kpn i). the 168 strains were found to represent 13 different penner-types and 72 different rapd-types. however, the discriminatory potential of pfge was dependent on the restriction enzymes used. the 16 ...	2003	14669910
direct microscopic observation and viability determination of campylobacter jejuni on chicken skin.	a method was developed to determine the survival of campylobacter jejuni at specific sites on chicken skin, and this method was used to observe the survival of c. jejuni at various locations on the skin during storage. this method uses confocal scanning laser microscopy to visualize c. jejuni transformed with p(c)gfp plasmid (gfp-campylobacter) and stained with 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (ctc). the green fluorescence of dead c. jejuni cells and the red fluorescent ctc-formazan in v ...	2003	14672217
transfer of salmonella and campylobacter from stainless steel to romaine lettuce.	the degree of transfer of campylobacter jejuni and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium was evaluated from a stainless steel contact surface to a ready-to-eat food (lettuce). stainless steel coupons (25 cm2) were inoculated with a 20-microl drop of either c. jejuni or salmonella typhimurium to provide an inoculum level of approximately 10(6) cfu/28 mm2. wet and dry lettuce (lactuca sativa var. longifolia) pieces (9 cm2) were placed onto the inoculated stainless steel surface for 10 s after th ...	2003	14672218
routes for campylobacter contamination of poultry meat: epidemiological study from hatchery to slaughterhouse.	from april 1998 to march 2000, 18 broiler flocks were followed from the hatchery to the slaughterhouse. campylobacter was not found in the hatchery, 1-day-old chicks or in the rearing house before the arrival of the chicks. the infection of broiler flocks increased continuously during the rearing time, with a total of seven positive flocks at the end of rearing. farms with campylobacter-positive broilers were characterized by the circulation of campylobacter in the environment (puddles, dung hil ...	2003	14959785
[experimental study on the therapeutic mechanism of high dose intravenous immunoglobulin in treatment of immune-mediated peripheral neuropathy].	to explore the therapeutic basis of high dose intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig) in treatment of peripheral neuropathy induced by campylobacter jejuni lipopolysaccharide (cj lps).	2003	14733812
a survey of campylobacter species shed in faeces of beef cattle using polymerase chain reaction.	a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based survey of campylobacters associated with faeces collected from 382 beef cattle was undertaken. to ensure the removal of pcr inhibitors present in faeces and determine if adequate extraction was achieved, faeces were seeded with internal control dna (i.e., dna designed to amplify with the campylobacter genus primer set, but provide a smaller amplicon) before the extraction procedure. in only two samples (0.5%) were the internal control or campylobacter genu ...	2003	14735214
feob is not required for ferrous iron uptake in campylobacter jejuni.	among strains of campylobacter jejuni, levels of ferrous iron (fe2+) uptake was comparable. however, c. jejuni showed a lower level of ferrous iron uptake than escherichia coli. consistent with studies of e. coli, fe2+ uptake in c. jejuni was significantly enhanced by low mg2+ concentration. the c. jejuni genome sequence contains a single known ferrous iron uptake gene, feob, whose product shares 50% amino acid identity to helicobacter pylori feob and 29% identity to e. coli feob. however, fe2+ ...	2003	14735223
frequency of campylobacter jejuni in diarrhoea/dysentery in children in rawalpindi and islamabad.	to determine the frequency of campylobacter jejuni infection in children suffering from diarrhoea/dysentery in the department of microbiology, army medical college and military hospital, rawalpindi, from 29 august 2002 to 29 november 2002.	2003	14738256
mycobacterium tuberculosis chaperonin 10 is secreted in the macrophage phagosome: is secretion due to dissociation and adoption of a partially helical structure at the membrane?	to confirm that mycobacterium tuberculosis chaperonin 10 (cpn10) is secreted outside the live bacillus, infected macrophages were examined by electron microscopy. this revealed that the mycobacterial protein accumulates both in the wall of the bacterium and in the matrix of the phagosomes in which ingested mycobacteria survive within infected macrophages. to understand the structural implications underlying this secretion, a structural study of m. tuberculosis cpn10 was performed under condition ...	2003	12837802
possible campylobacter jejuni osteomyelitis in a 14-month-old child.		2003	12839722
susceptibility and adaptive response to bile salts in propionibacterium freudenreichii: physiological and proteomic analysis.	tolerance to digestive stresses is one of the main factors limiting the use of microorganisms as live probiotic agents. susceptibility to bile salts and tolerance acquisition in the probiotic strain propionibacterium freudenreichii si41 were characterized. we showed that pretreatment with a moderate concentration of bile salts (0.2 g/liter) greatly increased its survival during a subsequent lethal challenge (1.0 g/liter, 60 s). bile salts challenge led to drastic morphological changes, consisten ...	2003	12839748
isolation of tetracycline-resistant megasphaera elsdenii strains with novel mosaic gene combinations of tet(o) and tet(w) from swine.	anaerobic bacteria insensitive to chlortetracycline (64 to 256 microg/ml) were isolated from cecal contents and cecal tissues of swine fed or not fed chlortetracycline. a nutritionally complex, rumen fluid-based medium was used for culturing the bacteria. eight of 84 isolates from seven different animals were identified as megasphaera elsdenii strains based on their large-coccus morphology, rapid growth on lactate, and 16s ribosomal dna sequence similarities with m. elsdenii lc-1(t). all eight s ...	2003	12839756
the balance of driving forces during genome evolution in prokaryotes.	genomes are shaped by evolutionary processes such as gene genesis, horizontal gene transfer (hgt), and gene loss. to quantify the relative contributions of these processes, we analyze the distribution of 12,762 protein families on a phylogenetic tree, derived from entire genomes of 41 bacteria and 10 archaea. we show that gene loss is the most important factor in shaping genome content, being up to three times more frequent than hgt, followed by gene genesis, which may contribute up to twice as ...	2003	12840037
evaluation of culture methods and a dna probe-based pcr assay for detection of campylobacter species in clinical specimens of feces.	campylobacter species are the leading agents of bacterial gastroenteritis in developed countries. in this study 320 specimens of feces from patients with symptoms of acute gastroenteritis were cultured for campylobacter species by direct plating on modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar and by enrichment in modified preston broth, with or without blood added, for 48 h at 37 degrees c prior to plating. a 16s/23s pcr/dna probe membrane-based colorimetric detection assay was evaluated on ...	2003	12843030
detection of legionella pneumophila by real-time pcr for the mip gene.	a real-time pcr assay for the mip gene of legionella pneumophila was tested with 27 isolates of l. pneumophila, 20 isolates of 14 other legionella species, and 103 non-legionella bacteria. eight culture-positive and 40 culture-negative clinical specimens were tested. this assay was 100% sensitive and 100% specific for l. pneumophila.	2003	12843084
some epidemiologic features of campylobacter jejuni/coli infections in bosnia and herzegovina after the war.		2003	12848765
guillain-barré syndrome associated with campylobacter jejuni infection in england, 2000-2001.	guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) is a rare but serious complication of infectious intestinal disease due to campylobacter jejuni. to date, estimates of the burden of c. jejuni-associated gbs have been based on limited data regarding the proportion of gbs attributable to this pathogen. in this paper, we combine data obtained from sweden and a large study of infectious intestinal disease with routine and surveillance data from england to estimate the number and proportion of gbs cases attributable to ...	2003	12856224
anti-ganglioside antibodies and clinical outcome of patients with guillain-barré syndrome in northeast brazil.	the goal of this study was to investigate the frequency of gm1 antibodies and to assess whether exposure to campylobacter jejuni was associated with a distinct clinical variant of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) or disease outcome in rio grande do norte, brazil.	2003	12859286
antibiotic resistance in campylobacter jejuni isolated from humans in the hunter region, new south wales.	campylobacter is a common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in australia. antibiotic resistance among campylobacter is an emerging problem in europe and the united states of america. monitoring may detect emerging resistance. since there is no epidemiologically validated subtyping system for campylobacter, antimicrobial resistance patterns may prove useful as an epidemiological marker. campylobacter isolates from residents of the hunter region were differentiated by pcr into two categories: c. ...	2003	12807280
the complete genome sequence of the carcinogenic bacterium helicobacter hepaticus.	helicobacter hepaticus causes chronic hepatitis and liver cancer in mice. it is the prototype enterohepatic helicobacter species and a close relative of helicobacter pylori, also a recognized carcinogen. here we report the complete genome sequence of h. hepaticus atcc51449. h. hepaticus has a circular chromosome of 1,799,146 base pairs, predicted to encode 1,875 proteins. a total of 938, 953, and 821 proteins have orthologs in h. pylori, campylobacter jejuni, and both pathogens, respectively. h. ...	2003	12810954
cluster of type iv secretion genes in helicobacter pylori's plasticity zone.	some genes present in only certain strains of the genetically diverse gastric pathogen helicobacter pylori may affect its phenotype and/or evolutionary potential. here we describe a new 16.3-kb segment, 7 of whose 16 open reading frames are homologs of type iv secretion genes (virb4, virb7 to virb11, and vird4), the third such putative secretion gene cluster found in h. pylori. this segment, to be called tfs3, was discovered by subtractive hybridization and chromosome walking. full-length and tr ...	2003	12813069
antigenic properties of hpaa and omp18, two outer membrane proteins of helicobacter pylori.	outer membrane proteins (omps) are incorporated into the outer plasma membrane of helicobacter pylori and are important for, e.g., ion transport, adherence, structural and osmotic stability, and bacterial virulence but may also be antigenic due to their surface exposure. previous proteome-based approaches with h. pylori lysates determined a strong serological reaction towards two h. pylori omps, hpaa (tigr hp0797) and omp18 (tigr hp1125). pcr was used to detect dna encoding the two proteins, and ...	2003	12819067
detection of a luxs-signaling molecule in bacillus anthracis.	quorum-sensing regulation of density-dependent genes has been described for numerous bacterial species. the partially annotated genome sequence of bacillus anthracis contains an open reading frame (ba5047) predicted to encode an ortholog of luxs, required for synthesis of the quorum-sensing signaling molecule autoinducer-2 (ai-2). to determine whether b. anthracis produces ai-2, the vibrio harveyi luminescence bioassay was used. cell-free conditioned media from vaccine (sterne) strain 34f(2) ind ...	2003	12819077
infectious agent and immune response characteristics of chronic enterocolitis in captive rhesus macaques.	chronic enterocolitis is the leading cause of morbidity in colonies of captive rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). this study's aim was to identify the common enteric pathogens frequently associated with chronic enterocolitis in normal, immunocompetent rhesus monkeys and to elucidate the influence of this clinical syndrome on the host immune system. we analyzed the fecal specimens from 100 rhesus macaques with or without clinical symptoms of chronic diarrhea. retrospective analysis revealed an inc ...	2003	12819098
isolation and molecular characterization of nalidixic acid-resistant extraintestinal pathogenic escherichia coli from retail chicken products.	fluoroquinolone use in poultry production may select for resistant escherichia coli that can be transmitted to humans. to define the prevalence and virulence potential of poultry-associated, quinolone-resistant e. coli in the united states, 169 retail chicken products from the minneapolis-st. paul area (1999 to 2000) were screened for nalidixic acid (nal)-resistant e. coli. sixty-two (37%) products yielded nal-resistant e. coli. from 55 products that yielded both nal-resistant and susceptible e. ...	2003	12821463
susceptibilities of campylobacter jejuni isolates from germany to ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin, and tetracycline.	to elucidate campylobacter jejuni resistance to antibiotics in germany, mics of ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin, and tetracycline were determined (using agar dilution) for 144 clinical isolates. the data indicate a considerable ciprofloxacin resistance (45.1%) without a clonal relationship of the strains and a greater in vitro activity of moxifloxacin, erythromycin, and clindamycin.	2003	12821499
design of oligonucleotides for microarrays and perspectives for design of multi-transcriptome arrays.	optimal design of oligonucleotides for microarrays involves tedious and laborious work evaluating potential oligonucleotides relative to a series of parameters. the currently available tools for this purpose are limited in their flexibility and do not present the oligonucleotide designer with an overview of these parameters. we present here a flexible tool named oligowiz for designing oligonucleotides for multiple purposes. oligowiz presents a set of parameter scores in a graphical interface to ...	2003	12824351
purification of omp50, a minor porin of campylobacter jejuni.		2003	12824549
point source outbreaks of campylobacter jejuni infection--are they more common than we think and what might cause them?	despite being the commonest bacterial cause of infectious intestinal disease (iid) in england and wales, outbreaks of campylobacter infection are rarely reported. however, data from the campylobacter sentinel surveillance scheme suggested that outbreaks might be more common than was previously suspected, since a high proportion of cases reported other illness in the home or in the community at the same time as their illness. to identify factors that might lead to these apparent outbreaks, the ex ...	2003	12825720
campylobacter jejuni isolated from poultry and humans in styria, austria: epidemiology and ciprofloxacin resistance.	sixty-six broiler flocks were sampled to determine the presence of campylobacter spp. at slaughter in 1998. thirty flocks (45%) tested positive and c. jejuni was identified in all isolates. combined pulsed-field gel electrophoresis/amplified fragment length polymorphism (pfge/aflp) subtyping of 177 isolates from 24 positive flocks revealed 62 subtypes; 16 flocks harboured more than one subtype. when subtyping 101 clinical c. jejuni isolates collected in the same time period and area, 60 pfge/afl ...	2003	12825721
the emulsiv filter removes microbial contamination from propofol but is not a substitute for aseptic technique.	to evaluate the ability of the emulsiv filter (ef) to remove extrinsic microbial contaminants from propofol.	2003	12826543
cluster of erythromycin- and ciprofloxacin-resistant campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni from 1999 to 2001 in men who have sex with men, québec, canada.	from december 1999 to november 2001, a cluster of multidrug-resistant campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni enterocolitis was suspected within the male population of montreal. nine men, aged 26-40 years, presented with an erythromycin- and ciprofloxacin-resistant, tetracycline-susceptible c. jejuni enterocolitis. in march 1998 and february 2000, 2 additional men, aged 23 and 27 years, were infected with an erythromycin-resistant, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline-susceptible c. jejuni. all isolates we ...	2003	12830417
gammadelta t cell non-responsiveness in campylobacter jejuni-associated guillain-barré syndrome patients.	to seek evidence for a role of molecular mimicry in the induction of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), the authors studied campylobacter jejuni-reactive t lymphocytes in patients with gbs. in contrast to controls, gammadelta t cells of patients with gbs with antecedent c jejuni infections failed to respond to c jejuni. supplementing cell cultures with the cytokines interleukin-2 or interleukin-15 resulted in restoration of the gammadelta t cell proliferative response. gammadelta t cell non-responsi ...	2003	14557578
antimicrobial resistance in campylobacter from broilers: association with production type and antimicrobial use.	the isolation and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli strains from broilers arriving in french slaughterhouses, were analysed according to production types (i.e. standard, export or free-range) and antimicrobial (i.e. coccidiostats, growth promoters or therapeutic agents) administration in flocks. prevalence was 56.6% in standard, 51.3% in export and 80.0% in free-range broilers. three hundred and ninety-three strains were identified. two-thirds of the strains ...	2003	14559174
failure of viable nonculturable campylobacter jejuni to colonize the cecum of newly hatched leghorn chicks.	campylobacter jejuni cells entered the viable but nonculturable (vbnc) state upon suspension in sterile water. cell viability was determined with tetrazolium violet. vbnc cells suspended in water for 7, 10, or 14 days were given, by gavage, to day-of-hatch leghorn chickens. the ceca of control and challenged birds were examined for the presence of campylobacteria by conventional microbiological methods at 1 wk and 2 wk after challenge inoculation and by polymerase chain reaction methods at 1 wk ...	2003	14562908
development of a selective broth medium for the detection of injured campylobacter jejuni by capacitance monitoring.	the purpose of these studies was to develop a conductimetric method for the rapid detection of campylobacter jejuni. numerous basal medium components were analyzed to develop a growth-enhancing broth medium for detection of freeze-injured campylobacter cells using a conductimetric system. the final medium was composed of a modified campy-line agar from which the agar and triphenyltetrazolium chloride were removed and the amino acid, l-arginine was added. pure isolates of c. jejuni. (frozen and t ...	2003	14572208
antibacterial activities of phenolic benzaldehydes and benzoic acids against campylobacter jejuni, escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes, and salmonella enterica.	we evaluated the bactericidal activities of 35 benzaldehydes, 34 benzoic acids, and 1 benzoic acid methyl ester against campylobacter jejuni, escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, and salmonella enterica when these compounds were substituted on the benzene ring with 0, 1, 2, or 3 hydroxy (oh) and/or methoxy (och3) groups in a ph 7.0 buffer. dose-response plots were used to determine the percentage of the sample that induced a 50% decrease in cfu after 60 min (ba50). of the 70 compoun ...	2003	14572218
consumer food-handling behaviors associated with prevention of 13 foodborne illnesses.	to be effective in reducing the incidence of foodborne illness, consumers and food safety educators need information about behaviors that will decrease exposure to foodborne pathogens. a four-round delphi technique was used to survey nationally recognized experts in food microbiology, epidemiology, food safety education, and food safety policy with the aim of identifying and ranking food-handling and consumption behaviors associated with 13 major foodborne pathogens. the food safety experts rank ...	2003	14572229
comparison of monte carlo and fuzzy math simulation methods for quantitative microbial risk assessment.	the objective of food safety risk assessment is to quantify levels of risk for consumers as well as to design improved processing, distribution, and preparation systems that reduce exposure to acceptable limits. monte carlo simulation tools have been used to deal with the inherent variability in food systems, but these tools require substantial data for estimates of probability distributions. the objective of this study was to evaluate the use of fuzzy values to represent uncertainty. fuzzy math ...	2003	14572230
identification of a gene that affects the efficiency of host cell infection by legionella pneumophila in a temperature-dependent fashion.	the ability to infect host cells is critical for the survival and replication of intracellular pathogens in humans. we previously found that many genes involved in the ability of legionella pneumophila to infect macrophages are not expressed efficiently under standard laboratory growth conditions. we have developed an approach using expression of l. pneumophila genes from an exogenous constitutive promoter on a low-copy-number vector that allows identification of genes involved in host cell infe ...	2003	14573644
a cdta-cdtc complex can block killing of hela cells by haemophilus ducreyi cytolethal distending toxin.	the cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) of haemophilus ducreyi is comprised of the cdta, cdtb, and cdtc proteins, with the cdtb protein having demonstrated enzymatic (i.e., dnase) activity. using a single recombinant escherichia coli strain with two plasmids individually containing the h. ducreyi cdta and cdtc genes, we purified a noncovalent cdta-cdtc complex. incubation of this cdta-cdtc complex with hela cells blocked killing of these cells by cdt holotoxin. furthermore, the addition of purifie ...	2003	14573688
transcription profiles of the bacterium mycoplasma pneumoniae grown at different temperatures.	applying microarray technology, we have investigated the transcriptome of the small bacterium mycoplasma pneumoniae grown at three different temperature conditions: 32, 37 and 32 degrees c followed by a heat shock for 15 min at 43 degrees c, before isolating the rna. from 688 proposed open-reading frames, 676 were investigated and 564 were found to be expressed (p < 0.001; 606 with p < 0.01) and at least 33 (p < 0.001; 77 at p < 0.01) regulated. by quantitative real-time pcr of selected mrna spe ...	2003	14576319
planktonic or biofilm growth affects survival, hydrophobicity and protein expression patterns of a pathogenic campylobacter jejuni strain.	the effect of planktonic or biofilm modes of growth on survival, hydrophobicity and cellular protein expression patterns of a pathogenic campylobacter jejuni strain were determined. this was achieved by growing the strain in brain heart infusion broth (with 1% yeast extract), or attached to glass beads in the same medium, at 37 degrees c for 48 h under microaerophilic conditions. cells from the broth or the bead surfaces were stored at different temperatures (4, 10, 25 and 37 degrees c) for 28 d ...	2003	14580968
extensive repetitive dna facilitates prokaryotic genome plasticity.	prokaryotic genomes are substantially diverse, even when from closely related species, with the resulting phenotypic diversity representing a repertoire of adaptations to specific constraints. within the microbial population, genome content may not be fixed, as changing selective forces favor particular phenotypes; however, organisms well adapted to particular niches may have evolved mechanisms to facilitate such plasticity. the highly diverse helicobacter pylori is a model for studying genome p ...	2003	14593200
flagellin glycosylation island in pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea and its role in host specificity.	the deduced amino acid sequences of the flagellins of pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci and p. syringae pv. glycinea are identical; however, their abilities to induce a hypersensitive reaction are clearly different. the reason for the difference seems to depend on the posttranslational modification of the flagellins. to investigate the role of this posttranslational modification in the interactions between plants and bacterial pathogens, we isolated genes that are potentially involved in the postt ...	2003	14594840
distribution of campylobacter jejuni penner serotypes in broiler flocks 1998-2000 in a small danish community with special reference to serotype 4-complex.	during the period january 1998-december 2001, all danish broiler flocks were monitored bacteriologically for thermophilic campylobacters and isolates were stored at -80 degrees c. six neighbouring broiler farms in a small community were selected for detailed examination of all campylobacter jejuni isolated (n = 180) from these farms during 1998-2000 using penner serotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). the area and the farms were selected according to their prevalence of campyloba ...	2003	14596533
comparative genome analysis of campylobacter jejuni using whole genome dna microarrays.	whole genome dna microarrays were constructed and used to investigate genomic diversity in 18 campylobacter jejuni strains from diverse sources. new algorithms were developed that dynamically determine the boundary between the conserved and variable genes. seven hypervariable plasticity regions (pr) were identified in the genome (pr1 to pr7) containing 136 genes (50%) of the variable gene pool. when comparisons were made with the sequenced strain nctc11168, the number of absent or divergent gene ...	2003	14596944
multilocus sequence typing for comparison of veterinary and human isolates of campylobacter jejuni.	multilocus sequence typing (mlst) has been applied to 266 campylobacter jejuni isolates, mainly from veterinary sources, including cattle, sheep, poultry, pigs, pets, and the environment, as well as isolates from human cases of campylobacteriosis. the populations of veterinary and human isolates overlap, suggesting that most veterinary sources should be considered reservoirs of pathogenic campylobacters. there were some associations between source and sequence type complex, indicating that host ...	2003	14602588
induction and resuscitation of viable but nonculturable salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104.	salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104 11601 was tested for its ability to maintain viability in minimal, chemically defined solutions. periodic monitoring of growth and survival in microcosms of different ion concentrations, maintained at various temperatures, showed a gradual decline in culturable organisms ( approximately 235 days) at 5 degrees c. organisms maintained at a higher temperature (21 degrees c) showed continuous, equivalent cfu per milliliter ( approximately 10(6)) up to 40 ...	2003	14602627
duplex real-time sybr green pcr assays for detection of 17 species of food- or waterborne pathogens in stools.	a duplex real-time sybr green lightcycler pcr (lc-pcr) assay with dna extraction using the qiaamp dna stool mini kit was evaluated with regard to detection of 8 of 17 species of food- or waterborne pathogens in five stool specimens in 2 h or less. the protocol used the same lc-pcr with 20 pairs of specific primers. the products formed were identified based on a melting point temperature (t(m)) curve analysis. the 17 species of food- or waterborne pathogens examined were enteroinvasive escherichi ...	2003	14605150
the outs and ins of bacterial type iv secretion substrates.	bacteria use type iv secretion systems (t4ss) to translocate macromolecular substrates destined for bacterial, plant or human target cells. the t4ss are medically important, contributing to virulence-gene spread, genome plasticity and the alteration of host cellular processes during infection. the t4ss are ancestrally related to bacterial conjugation machines, but present-day functions include (i) conjugal transfer of dna by cell-to-cell contact, (ii) translocation of effector molecules to eukar ...	2003	14607070
characterization of waterborne outbreak-associated campylobacter jejuni, walkerton, ontario.		2003	14609457
purification and properties of the formate dehydrogenase and characterization of the fdha gene of sulfurospirillum multivorans.	the soluble periplasmic subunit of the formate dehydrogenase fdha of the tetrachloroethene-reducing anaerobe sulfurospirillum multivorans was purified to apparent homogeneity and the gene ( fdha) was identified and sequenced. the purified enzyme catalyzed the oxidation of formate with oxidized methyl viologen as electron acceptor at a specific activity of 1683 nkat/mg protein. the apparent molecular mass of the native enzyme was determined by gel filtration to be about 100 kda, which was confirm ...	2003	14610638
multidrug resistance in campylobacter jejuni strains collected from finnish patients during 1995-2000.	the resistance of campylobacter jejuni to fluoroquinolones is increasing globally. this study was performed to delineate those antimicrobial agents that are effective in vitro against ciprofloxacin-resistant c. jejuni isolates and potentially suitable for the treatment of severe disease when fluoroquinolone resistance or multidrug resistance is known or suspected.	2003	14613954
coevolution of an aminoacyl-trna synthetase with its trna substrates.	glutamyl-trna synthetases (glurss) occur in two types, the discriminating and the nondiscriminating enzymes. they differ in their choice of substrates and use either trnaglu or both trnaglu and trnagln. although most organisms encode only one glurs, a number of bacteria encode two different glurs proteins; yet, the trna specificity of these enzymes and the reason for such gene duplications are unknown. a database search revealed duplicated glurs genes in >20 bacterial species, suggesting that th ...	2003	14615592
campylobacter jejuni: unusual cause of cholecystitis with lithiasis. case report and literature review.	a 51-year-old man presented with acute cholecystitis and the routine intraoperative culture of the bile grew campylobacter jejuni. the patient was cured by laparoscopic cholecystectomy without specific antimicrobial treatment. cholecystitis owing to campylobacter spp. could be missed because a culture for campylobacter is not routinely requested nor is it cost effective to look for it in bile or gallbladder specimens. moreover, the fastidious nature of these bacteria dictates against their recov ...	2003	14616689
evaluation of the prospect microplate assay for detection of campylobacter: a routine laboratory perspective.	to evaluate the use of the new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the prospect campylobacter microplate assay (alexon-trend, minneapolis, mn, usa), which allows 2-h detection of both campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli antigen directly in stool specimens.	2003	14616724