Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| infection with murine norovirus 4 does not alter helicobacter-induced inflammatory bowel disease in il10(-/-) mice. | infection of laboratory mice with murine noroviruses (mnv) is widely prevalent. mnv alters various mouse models of disease, including the helicobacter bilis-induced mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) in mdr1a(--) mice. to further characterize the effect of mnv on ibd, we used mice deficient in the immunoregulatory cytokine il10 (il10(-/-) mice). in vitro infection of il10(-/-) bone marrow-derived macrophages (bmdm) with mnv4 cocultured with h. bilis antigens increased the gene expre ... | 2014 | 25296012 |
| method for hev detection in raw pig liver products and its implementation for naturally contaminated food. | it is now recognized that hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is not confined to developing countries. hev infection is a growing public health concern in industrialized countries where the disease is mainly autochthonous, caused by hev genotypes 3 and 4 and is today considered to be zoonotic. hev causes acute hepatitis in humans, predominantly through contamination of food and water. due to the low concentrations found in food and water samples, an efficient and rapid virus concentration method i ... | 2014 | 24553051 |
| effect of handling and storage conditions and stabilizing agent on the recovery of viral rna from oral fluid of pigs. | there is an increasing interest in using oral fluid to determine herd health and documenting the circulation of viruses in commercial swine populations but little is known about the stability of viruses in oral fluid. hepatitis e virus (hev) is a zoonotic virus which is widespread in swine herds. information on optimal handling methods such as heat treatments, freezing and rna stabilization agents is needed to prevent or minimize degradation of viral rna by degradative enzymes. the objectives of ... | 2014 | 24384096 |
| norovirus transmission between hands, gloves, utensils, and fresh produce during simulated food handling. | human noroviruses (hunovs), a leading cause of food-borne gastroenteritis worldwide, are easily transferred via ready-to-eat (rte) foods, often prepared by infected food handlers. in this study, the transmission of hunov and murine norovirus (munov) from virus-contaminated hands to latex gloves during gloving, as well as from virus-contaminated donor surfaces to recipient surfaces after simulated preparation of cucumber sandwiches, was inspected. virus transfer was investigated by swabbing with ... | 2014 | 24951789 |
| norovirus: targets and tools in antiviral drug discovery. | the development of antiviral strategies to treat or prevent norovirus infections is a pressing matter. noroviruses are the number 1 cause of acute gastroenteritis, of foodborne illness, of sporadic gastroenteritis in all age groups and of severe acute gastroenteritis in children less than 5 years old seeking medical assistance [usa/cdc]. in developing countries, noroviruses are linked to significant mortality (~200,000 children <5 years old). noroviruses are a major culprit for the closure of ho ... | 2014 | 24893351 |
| fluorinated tio₂ as an ambient light-activated virucidal surface coating material for the control of human norovirus. | we evaluated the virucidal efficacy of light-activated fluorinated tio₂ surface coatings on human norovirus and several surrogates (bacteriophage ms2, feline calcivirus (fcv), and murine norovirus (mnv)). inactivation of viruses on surfaces exposed to a common fluorescent lamp was monitored and the effects of uva intensity, temperature, and fluoride content were assessed. destruction of rna and capsid oxidation were evaluated for human norovirus inocula on the f-tio₂ surfaces, while contact with ... | 2014 | 25222145 |
| small molecule deubiquitinase inhibitors promote macrophage anti-infective capacity. | the global spread of anti-microbial resistance requires urgent attention, and diverse alternative strategies have been suggested to address this public health concern. host-directed immunomodulatory therapies represent one approach that could reduce selection for resistant bacterial strains. recently, the small molecule deubiquitinase inhibitor wp1130 was reported as a potential anti-infective drug against important human food-borne pathogens, notably listeria monocytogenes and noroviruses. util ... | 2014 | 25093325 |
| using reduced personal protective equipment in an endemically infected mouse colony. | personal protective equipment (ppe) frequently is used to reduce the risk of spreading adventitial diseases in rodent colonies. the ppe worn often reflects the historic practices of the research institution rather than published performance data. standard ppe for a rodent facility typically consists of a disposable hair bonnet, gown, face mask, shoe covers, and gloves, which are donned on facility entry and removed on exiting. this study evaluated the effect of a reduced ppe protocol on disease ... | 2014 | 24827569 |
| the enterovirus protease inhibitor rupintrivir exerts cross-genotypic anti-norovirus activity and clears cells from the norovirus replicon. | potent and safe inhibitors of norovirus replication are needed for the treatment and prophylaxis of norovirus infections. we here report that the in vitro anti-norovirus activity of the protease inhibitor rupintrivir is extended to murine noroviruses and that rupintrivir clears human cells from their norwalk replicon after only two passages of antiviral pressure. in addition, we demonstrate that rupintrivir inhibits the human norovirus (genogroup ii [gii]) protease and further explain the inhibi ... | 2014 | 24890597 |
| ultraviolet light inactivation of murine norovirus and human norovirus gii: pcr may overestimate the persistence of noroviruses even when combined with pre-pcr treatments. | transmission of gastroenteritis-causing noroviruses may be significant via contaminated surfaces. measures for control, e.g. disinfection with ultraviolet irradiation (uv), are therefore necessary for interrupting this transmission. human norovirus (hunov) gii.4 and murine norovirus (munov) were used to study the efficacy of uv for virus inactivation on dry glass surfaces. munov inactivation was measured using viability assay and the reduction in viral rna levels for both viruses using reverse t ... | 2014 | 24142397 |
| naphthalene-sulfonate inhibitors of human norovirus rna-dependent rna-polymerase. | noroviruses are members of the caliciviridae family of positive sense rna viruses. in humans noroviruses cause rapid onset diarrhea and vomiting. currently norovirus infection is responsible for 21 million gastroenteritis yearly cases in the usa. nevertheless, despite the obvious public health and socio-economic relevance, no effective vaccines/antivirals are yet available to treat norovirus infection. since the activity of rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) plays a key role in genome replicati ... | 2014 | 24316032 |
| murine norovirus protein ns1/2 aspartate to glutamate mutation, sufficient for persistence, reorients side chain of surface exposed tryptophan within a novel structured domain. | compact viral genomes such as those found in noroviruses, which cause significant enteric disease in humans, often encode only a few proteins, but affect a wide range of processes in their hosts and ensure efficient propagation of the virus. both human and mouse noroviruses (mnvs) persistently replicate and are shed in stool, a highly effective strategy for spreading between hosts. for mnv, the presence of a glutamate rather than an aspartate at position 94 of the ns1/2 protein was previously sh ... | 2014 | 24273131 |
| norovirus gene expression and replication. | noroviruses are small, positive-sense rna viruses within the family caliciviridae, and are now accepted widely as a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in both developed and developing countries. despite their impact, our understanding of the life cycle of noroviruses has lagged behind that of other rna viruses due to the inability to culture human noroviruses (hunvs). our knowledge of norovirus biology has improved significantly over the past decade as a result of numerous technological advanc ... | 2014 | 24243731 |
| pathology caused by persistent murine norovirus infection. | subclinical infection of murine norovirus (mnv) was detected in a mixed breeding group of wt and stat1(-/-) mice with no outward evidence of morbidity or mortality. investigations revealed the presence of an attenuated mnv variant that did not cause cytopathic effects in raw264.7 cells or death in stat1(-/-) mice. histopathological analysis of tissues from wt, heterozygous and stat1(-/-) mice revealed a surprising spectrum of lesions. an infectious molecular clone was derived directly from faece ... | 2014 | 24225497 |
| the effectiveness of domestic cook on inactivation of murine norovirus in experimentally infected manila clams (ruditapes philippinarum). | the aim of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of domestic cooking in inactivating manila clams experimentally infected with murine norovirus (mnv). | 2014 | 24102847 |
| multiplex real-time rt-qpcr for the detection of norovirus in bottled and tap water using murine norovirus as a process control. | to provide a rapid and sensitive method for detecting nov gi and nov gii in water and to evaluate the use of the murine norovirus (mnv-1) as a process control. | 2014 | 24102819 |
| characterization of the chemokine response of raw264.7 cells to infection by murine norovirus. | noroviruses are an emerging threat to public health, causing large health and economic costs, including at least 200,000 deaths annually. the inability to replicate in cell culture or small animal models has limited the understanding of the interaction between human noroviruses and their hosts. however, an alternative strategy to gain insights into norovirus pathogenesis is to study murine norovirus (mnv-1) that replicates in cultured macrophages. while the innate immune response is central to t ... | 2014 | 24374268 |
| [isolation, identification and genetic analysis of a murine norovirus strain]. | murine norovirus (mnv) was first discovered in mice in 2003. mnv is a member of the genus norovirus in the family caliciviridae. it is one of the most important and prevalent pathogens of laboratory mice, and almost all mouse strains are susceptible to mnv infection. in this study, a mnv strain was isolated from the cecal contents of infected mice and identified by the cytopathic effect (cpe) assay, virus plaque assay, 50% tissue culture infectious dose (tcid50) assay, electron microscopy, indir ... | 2014 | 25272587 |
| an enteric virus can replace the beneficial function of commensal bacteria. | intestinal microbial communities have profound effects on host physiology. whereas the symbiotic contribution of commensal bacteria is well established, the role of eukaryotic viruses that are present in the gastrointestinal tract under homeostatic conditions is undefined. here we demonstrate that a common enteric rna virus can replace the beneficial function of commensal bacteria in the intestine. murine norovirus (mnv) infection of germ-free or antibiotic-treated mice restored intestinal morph ... | 2014 | 25409145 |
| survival of norovirus surrogate on various food-contact surfaces. | norovirus (nov) is an environmental threat to humans, which spreads easily from one infected person to another, causing foodborne and waterborne diseases. therefore, precautions against nov infection are important in the preparation of food. the aim of this study was to investigate the survival of murine norovirus (mnv), as a nov surrogate, on six different food-contact surfaces: ceramic, wood, rubber, glass, stainless steel, and plastic. we inoculated 10(5) pfu of mnv onto the six different sur ... | 2014 | 24919545 |
| observation of inflammatory responses in mice orally fed with bacteriophage t7. | analysis of inflammatory immune response upon bacteriophage intake in mice. | 2014 | 24916438 |
| newly isolated mabs broaden the neutralizing epitope in murine norovirus. | here, we report the isolation and functional characterization of mabs against two murine norovirus (mnv) strains, mnv-1 and wu20, which were isolated following oral infection of mice. the mabs were screened for reactivity against the respective homologous and heterologous mnv strain by elisa. selected mabs were of iga, igg1, igg2a or igg2b isotype and showed a range of western blot reactivities from non-binding to strong binding, suggesting recognition of conformational and linear epitopes. some ... | 2014 | 24899153 |
| detection of murine norovirus by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | murine norovirus (mnv) has considerable genetical and biological diversity and is recognized worldwide as the most common contaminant in laboratory mouse colonies. this study developed a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) method with the potential to detect a broad range of mnv. rt-lamp, using a set of five primers containing mixed bases, obtained results under isothermal conditions at 62°c for 90min. sensitivity of rt-lamp was 50-fold less than that of two-st ... | 2014 | 24717164 |
| absolute humidity influences the seasonal persistence and infectivity of human norovirus. | norovirus (nov) is one of the main causative agents of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. in temperate climates, outbreaks peak during the winter season. the mechanism by which climatic factors influence the occurrence of nov outbreaks is unknown. we hypothesized that humidity is linked to nov seasonality. human nov is not cultivatable, so we used cultivatable murine norovirus (mnv) as a surrogate to study its persistence when exposed to various levels of relative humidity (rh) from low (10% rh) t ... | 2014 | 25217015 |
| lactoferrin for prevention of common viral infections. | although lactoferrin has many biological functions, the host-protective effects against pathogenic microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, and viruses are regarded as one of the most important. here, we review research on the protective role of lactoferrin administration against common viral infections. many studies have shown the in vitro antiviral activity of lactoferrin against viral pathogens that cause common infections such as the common cold, influenza, gastroenteritis, summer cold, and ... | 2014 | 25182867 |
| application of long-range and binding reverse transcription-quantitative pcr to indicate the viral integrities of noroviruses. | this study intends to establish and apply methods evaluating both viral capsid and genome integrities of human noroviruses (novs), which thus far remain nonculturable. murine norovirus 1 (mnv-1) and human nov gii.4 in phosphate-buffered saline suspensions were treated with heat, uv light, or ethanol and detected by reverse transcription-quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr), long-range rt-qpcr, binding rt-qpcr, and binding long-range rt-qpcr. for mnv-1 heated at 60°c for 2 and 30 min, limited reductions of ... | 2014 | 25107982 |
| strategies to enhance high pressure inactivation of murine norovirus in strawberry puree and on strawberries. | due to the increasing concern of viral infection related to berries, this study investigated strategies to enhance high hydrostatic pressure (hhp) inactivation of murine norovirus 1 (mnv-1), a human norovirus (hunov) surrogate, on strawberries and in strawberry puree. strawberry puree was inoculated with ~10(6)pfu/g of mnv-1 and treated at 350 mpa for 2 min at initial sample temperatures of 0, 5, 10 and 20°c. mnv-1 became more sensitive to hhp as initial sample temperature decreased from 20 to 0 ... | 2014 | 24927397 |
| mnv primarily surveillance by a recombination vp1-derived elisa in beijing area in china. | murine norovirus (mnv) was first found as a surrogate for human norovirus study. however, mnv infection was mostly prevalent in laboratory mice, and its immunomodulatory properties may affect the outcome of animal experiments. mnv surveillance had been performed in europe, north america and some other countries, but not in china. nowadays, the complete mnv virions had been used as antigen in mnv serological detection. however, the complexity in the preparation of virions might affect the antigen ... | 2014 | 24857757 |
| a broadly reactive one-step sybr green i real-time rt-pcr assay for rapid detection of murine norovirus. | a one-step sybr green i real-time rt-pcr assay was developed for the detection and quantification of a broad range of murine noroviruses (mnvs). the primer design was based on the multiple sequence alignments of 101 sequences of the open reading frame (orf)1-orf2 junction of mnv. the broad reactivity and quantitative capacity of the assay were validated using 7 mnv plasmids. the assay was completed within 1 h, and the reliable detection limit was 10 copies of mnv plasmid or 0.063 median tissue c ... | 2014 | 24847970 |
| murine norovirus: propagation, quantification, and genetic manipulation. | murine norovirus (mnv) is a positive-sense, plus-stranded rna virus in the caliciviridae family. it is the most common pathogen in biomedical research colonies. mnv is also related to the human noroviruses, which cause the majority of nonbacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. like the human noroviruses, mnv is an enteric virus that replicates in the intestine and is transmitted by the fecal-oral route. mnv replicates in murine macrophages and dendritic cells in cells in culture and in the murine h ... | 2014 | 24789596 |
| antiviral efficacy and mechanisms of action of oregano essential oil and its primary component carvacrol against murine norovirus. | to investigate the antiviral efficacy of oregano oil and its primary active component, carvacrol, against the nonenveloped murine norovirus (mnv), a human norovirus surrogate. | 2014 | 24779581 |
| tracking and modeling norovirus transmission during mechanical slicing of globe tomatoes. | recent epidemiological evidence indicates that preparation of fresh produce for use as ingredients in ready-to-eat food in commercial settings has been a significant source of the norovirus (nov) infections in the u.s. this research investigated the dissemination of nov from a single tomato to many others via the use of an 11-horizontal blade slicer commonly found in restaurants or sandwich shops. a total of eight trials were conducted. the source of contamination in each trial was a soak-inocul ... | 2014 | 24769163 |
| ppnds inhibits murine norovirus rna-dependent rna-polymerase mimicking two rna stacking bases. | norovirus (nv) is a major cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. antivirals against such important pathogens are on demand. among the viral proteins that orchestrate viral replication, rna-dependent-rna-polymerase (rdrp) is a promising drug development target. from an in silico-docking search focused on the rdrp active site, we selected the compound ppnds, which showed low micromolar ic50vs. murine nv-rdrp in vitro. we report the crystal structure of the murine nv-rdrp/ppnds complex showing that tw ... | 2014 | 24657439 |
| nonnucleoside inhibitors of norovirus rna polymerase: scaffolds for rational drug design. | norovirus (nov) is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide, causing over 200,000 deaths a year. nov is nonenveloped, with a single-stranded rna genome, and is primarily transmitted person to person. the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) is critical for the production of genomic and subgenomic rna and is therefore a prime target for antiviral therapies. using high-throughput screening, nearly 20,000 "lead-like" compounds were tested for inhibitory activity against the nov gen ... | 2014 | 24637690 |
| delivery of suramin as an antiviral agent through liposomal systems. | norovirus rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) is a promising target enzyme for the development of new antiviral drugs. starting from the crystal structure of norovirus rdrp, we had previously performed an in silico docking search using a library of low-molecular-weight compounds that enabled us to select molecules with predicted enzyme inhibitory activity. among these, the polysulfonated naphthylurea suramin proved to inhibit in vitro both murine and human norovirus polymerases, with ic50 values ... | 2014 | 24616282 |
| viral plaque analysis on a wide field-of-view, time-lapse, on-chip imaging platform. | the observation of viral plaques is the standard method for determining the viral titer and understanding the behaviors of viruses. here, we report the application of a wide field-of-view (fov), time-lapse, on-chip imaging platform, termed the epetri, for plaque analysis of murine norovirus 1 (mnv-1). the epetri offers the ability to dynamically track plaques at the individual cell death event level over a wide fov of 6 mm × 4 mm. as demonstration, we captured high-resolution time-lapse images o ... | 2014 | 24611157 |
| expression of the murine norovirus (mnv) orf1 polyprotein is sufficient to induce apoptosis in a virus-free cell model. | investigations into human norovirus infection, replication and pathogenesis, as well as the development of potential antiviral agents, have been restricted by the lack of a cell culture system for human norovirus. to date, the optimal cell culture surrogate virus model for studying human norovirus biology is the murine norovirus (mnv). in this report we generate a tetracycline-regulated, inducible eukaryotic cell system expressing the entire mnv orf1 polyprotein. once induced, the mnv orf1 polyp ... | 2014 | 24599381 |
| flexibility in surface-exposed loops in a virus capsid mediates escape from antibody neutralization. | new human norovirus strains emerge every 2 to 3 years, partly due to mutations in the viral capsid that allow escape from antibody neutralization and herd immunity. to understand how noroviruses evolve antibody resistance, we investigated the structural basis for the escape of murine norovirus (mnv) from antibody neutralization. to identify specific residues in the mnv-1 protruding (p) domain of the capsid that play a role in escape from the neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mab) a6.2, 22 recomb ... | 2014 | 24501415 |
| antiviral properties of silver nanoparticles on a magnetic hybrid colloid. | silver nanoparticles (agnps) are considered to be a potentially useful tool for controlling various pathogens. however, there are concerns about the release of agnps into environmental media, as they may generate adverse human health and ecological effects. in this study, we developed and evaluated a novel micrometer-sized magnetic hybrid colloid (mhc) decorated with variously sized agnps (agnp-mhcs). after being applied for disinfection, these particles can be easily recovered from environmenta ... | 2014 | 24487537 |
| norovirus triggered microbiota-driven mucosal inflammation in interleukin 10-deficient mice. | infection may trigger clinically overt mucosal inflammation in patients with predisposition for inflammatory bowel disease. however, the impact of particular enteropathogenic microorganisms is ill-defined. in this study, the influence of murine norovirus (mnv) infection on clinical, histopathological, and immunological features of mucosal inflammation in the il10-deficient (il10) mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease was examined. | 2014 | 24487272 |
| mechanisms of antiviral action of plant antimicrobials against murine norovirus. | numerous plant compounds have antibacterial or antiviral properties; however, limited research has been conducted with nonenveloped viruses. the efficacies of allspice oil, lemongrass oil, and citral were evaluated against the nonenveloped murine norovirus (mnv), a human norovirus surrogate. the antiviral mechanisms of action were also examined using an rnase i protection assay, a host cell binding assay, and transmission electron microscopy. all three antimicrobials produced significant reducti ... | 2014 | 24907316 |
| attachment and localization of human norovirus and animal caliciviruses in fresh produce. | fresh produce is a high risk food for human norovirus (nov) contamination. to help control this pathogen in fresh produce, a better understanding of the interaction of human nov and fresh produce needs to be established. in this study the attachment of human nov and animal caliciviruses (murine norovirus, mnv-1; tulane virus, tv) to fresh produce was evaluated, using both visualization and viral enumeration techniques. it was found that a human nov gii.4 strain attached efficiently to the romain ... | 2015 | 26188496 |
| norovirus cross-contamination during preparation of fresh produce. | infection with human norovirus (hunov) is considered a common cause of foodborne illness worldwide. foodborne hunov outbreaks may result from consumption of food contaminated by an infected food handler in the foodservice environment, in which bare-hand contact, lack of hand washing, and inadequate cleaning and disinfection are common contributing factors. the goal of this study was to examine cross-contamination of a hunov surrogate, murine norovirus (mnv-1), during common procedures used in pr ... | 2015 | 25590260 |
| inactivation of murine norovirus-1 and hepatitis a virus on fresh meats by atmospheric pressure plasma jets. | in the current study, inactivation effect of atmospheric pressure plasma (app) jets (10s-20min) was investigated against murine norovirus (mnv-1), as a norovirus (nov) surrogate and hepatitis a virus (hav) associated with three types of fresh meats (beef loin, pork shoulder and chicken breast). the quality characteristics of fresh meats, such as surface color, moisture content and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (tbars) were also examined. after 5-20min of treatment with app jets, the red ... | 2015 | 28455013 |
| a synergy effect of trisodium phosphate and ethanol on inactivation of murine norovirus 1 on lettuce and bell pepper. | the synergy effect of trisodium phosphate (tsp) and ethanol against murine norovirus 1 (mnv-1), as a surrogate for human noroviruses, on fresh produces was evaluated. more than 2% (w/v) of tsp effectively inactivated mnv-1. the single treatment of 1% tsp or 30% ethanol for 30 min was not effective on mnv-1; however, cotreatment showed inactivation of mnv-1 on stainless steel and the produces of lettuce and bell pepper under 15 min. the results suggest that cotreatment of tsp and ethanol at a low ... | 2015 | 26323270 |
| evidence of the internalization of animal caliciviruses via the roots of growing strawberry plants and dissemination to the fruit. | human norovirus (nov) is the leading cause of foodborne disease in the united states, and epidemiological studies have shown that fresh produce is one of the major vehicles for the transmission of human nov. however, the mechanisms of norovirus contamination and persistence in fresh produce are poorly understood. the objective of this study is to determine whether human nov surrogates, murine norovirus (mnv-1) and tulane virus (tv), can attach and become internalized and disseminated in strawber ... | 2015 | 25662970 |
| evaluation of the swab sampling method to recover viruses from fomites. | the monitoring of virus contamination on fomites, especially at hospitals has been used for a more effective evaluation of the microbiological quality of surfaces. swab sampling is the method used currently, although the use of an internal control process (icp) has not yet been assessed. the aim of this study is to determine the recovery rate of murine norovirus 1 (mnv-1) and bacteriophage pp7 on different surfaces in order to assess their potential use as an icp. for this purpose both viruses w ... | 2015 | 25704597 |
| structure determination of murine norovirus ns6 proteases with c-terminal extensions designed to probe protease-substrate interactions. | noroviruses are positive-sense single-stranded rna viruses. they encode an ns6 protease that cleaves a viral polyprotein at specific sites to produce mature viral proteins. in an earlier study we obtained crystals of murine norovirus (mnv) ns6 protease in which crystal contacts were mediated by specific insertion of the c-terminus of one protein (which contains residues p5-p1 of the ns6-7 cleavage junction) into the peptide binding site of an adjacent molecule, forming an adventitious protease-p ... | 2015 | 25755927 |
| murine norovirus replication induces g0/g1 cell cycle arrest in asynchronously growing cells. | many viruses replicate most efficiently in specific phases of the cell cycle, establishing or exploiting favorable conditions for viral replication, although little is known about the relationship between caliciviruses and the cell cycle. microarray and western blot analysis of murine norovirus 1 (mnv-1)-infected cells showed changes in cyclin transcript and protein levels indicative of a g1 phase arrest. cell cycle analysis confirmed that mnv-1 infection caused a prolonging of the g1 phase and ... | 2015 | 25810556 |
| molecular chaperone hsp90 is a therapeutic target for noroviruses. | human noroviruses (hunov) are a significant cause of acute gastroenteritis in the developed world, and yet our understanding of the molecular pathways involved in norovirus replication and pathogenesis has been limited by the inability to efficiently culture these viruses in the laboratory. using the murine norovirus (mnv) model, we have recently identified a network of host factors that interact with the 5' and 3' extremities of the norovirus rna genome. in addition to a number of well-known ce ... | 2015 | 25855731 |
| detection of viable murine norovirus using the plaque assay and propidium-monoazide-combined real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. | human norovirus (hunov) is the most common cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. the lack of a virus culture system makes it difficult to determine the viability of norovirus by only reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) or real-time quantitative rt-pcr (qrt-pcr). the aim of this study was to investigate the detection of viable murine norovirus (mnv) by combining propidium monoazide (pma) or ethidium monoazide (ema) with qrt-pcr. mnv (5.21log10pfu/ml) was subjected to heat treat ... | 2015 | 25920568 |
| effects of murine norovirus on atherosclerosis in ldlr(-/-) mice depends on the timing of infection. | we previously reported that murine norovirus (mnv), a virus prevalent in united states research institutions, increased atherosclerotic lesion size in ldlr(-/-) mice when the mice were infected 8 wk after feeding an atherogenic diet. to determine whether the timing of mnv infection relative to atherosclerosis development altered the disease phenotype and to examine potential mechanisms by which mnv influences the disease process, we fed ldlr(-/-) mice an atherogenic diet for 16 wk. three days af ... | 2015 | 25926396 |
| isolation and analysis of rare norovirus recombinants from coinfected mice using drop-based microfluidics. | human noroviruses (hunovs) are positive-sense rna viruses that can cause severe, highly infectious gastroenteritis. hunov outbreaks are frequently associated with recombination between circulating strains. strain genotyping and phylogenetic analyses show that noroviruses often recombine in a highly conserved region near the junction of the viral polyprotein (open reading frame 1 [orf1]) and capsid (orf2) genes and occasionally within the rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) gene. although genotyp ... | 2015 | 25972549 |
| destruction of the capsid and genome of gii.4 human norovirus occurs during exposure to metal alloys containing copper. | human norovirus (hunov) represents a significant public health burden worldwide and can be environmentally transmitted. copper surfaces have been shown to inactivate the cultivable surrogate murine norovirus, but no such data exist for hunov. the purpose of this study was to characterize the destruction of gii.4 hunov and virus-like particles (vlps) during exposure to copper alloy surfaces. fecal suspensions positive for a gii.4 hunov outbreak strain or gii.4 vlps were exposed to copper alloys o ... | 2015 | 25979897 |
| transfer of acanthamoeba spp. to fresh produce from water and environmental surfaces. | human noroviruses (hunov) are the primary cause of food-borne disease outbreaks in the united states. the most frequent commodities implicated in hunov outbreaks are leafy greens where contamination may occur during production and harvesting practices. with respect to the transmission of hunov to fresh produce, one hypothesis is that free-living amoebae that are ubiquitous in the environment (soil, sediments and water) can serve as vehicles of contamination through interaction with viruses. here ... | 2015 | 25996169 |
| control of human norovirus surrogates in fresh foods by gaseous ozone and a proposed mechanism of inactivation. | fresh produce is a major concern for transmission of foodborne enteric viruses as it is normally consumed with no heat treatments and minimal other processing to ensure safety. commonly used sanitizers are ineffective at removing foodborne viruses from fresh produce. thus the use of gaseous ozone for viral inactivation was investigated. ozone has great potential for improved food safety because of four benefits: it is a potent sanitizer, it is effective against a wide range of microorganisms, it ... | 2015 | 25998824 |
| repurposing of rutin for the inhibition of norovirus replication. | drug repurposing is a strategy employed to circumvent some of the bottlenecks involved in drug development, such as the cost and time needed for developing new molecular entities. noroviruses cause recurrent epidemics and sporadic outbreaks of gastroenteritis associated with significant mortality and economic costs, but no treatment has been approved to date. herein, a library of molecules previously used in humans was screened to find compounds with anti-noroviral activity. antiviral testing fo ... | 2015 | 26112762 |
| virucidal efficacy of treatment with photodynamically activated curcumin on murine norovirus bio-accumulated in oysters. | norovirus (nov) is one of the most important seafood- and water-borne viruses, and is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks. in the present study we investigated the effect of curcumin as a sensitizer to photodynamic treatment both in buffer and in oysters against murine norovirus 1 (mnv-1), a surrogate of nov. mnv-1 cultured in buffer and mnv-1 bio-accumulated in oysters were irradiated with a novel led light source with a wavelength of 470nm and an energy of 3.6j/cm(2). inactivation ... | 2015 | 26117199 |
| heat-denatured lysozyme inactivates murine norovirus as a surrogate human norovirus. | human norovirus infects humans through the consumption of contaminated food, contact with the excrement or vomit of an infected person, and through airborne droplets that scatter the virus through the air. being highly infectious and highly viable in the environment, inactivation of the norovirus requires a highly effective inactivating agent. in this study, we have discovered the thermal denaturing capacity of a lysozyme with known antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria, as well ... | 2015 | 26134436 |
| application of water-assisted ultraviolet light processing on the inactivation of murine norovirus on blueberries. | in this study, a novel set-up using water-assisted uv processing was developed and evaluated for its decontamination efficacy against murine norovirus (mnv-1) inoculated on fresh blueberries for both small and large-scale experimental setups. blueberries were skin-inoculated with mnv-1 and treated for 1-5 min with uv directly (dry uv) or immersed in agitated water during uv treatment (water-assisted uv). the effect of the presence of 2% (v/v) blueberry juice or 5% crushed blueberries (w/w) in wa ... | 2015 | 26210533 |
| inactivation of human norovirus and its surrogates on alfalfa seeds by aqueous ozone. | alfalfa sprouts have been associated with numerous foodborne outbreaks. previous studies investigated the effectiveness of aqueous ozone on bacterially contaminated seeds, yet little is known about the response of human norovirus (hunov). this study assessed aqueous ozone for the disinfection of alfalfa seeds contaminated with hunov and its surrogates. the inactivation of viruses without a food matrix was also investigated. alfalfa seeds were inoculated with hunov genogroup ii, tulane virus (tv) ... | 2015 | 26219375 |
| evaluation of the porcine gastric mucin binding assay for high-pressure-inactivation studies using murine norovirus and tulane virus. | we compared the results of high-hydrostatic-pressure (hhp) inactivation of murine norovirus type 1 (mnv-1) and tulane virus (tv) obtained by a porcine gastric mucin binding assay followed by quantitative reverse transcription-pcr (referred to here as the pgm-mb/pcr assay) and a plaque assay and evaluated hhp inactivation of a human norovirus (hunov) genogroup i genotype 1 (gi.1) strain and a hunov gii.4 strain by using the pgm-mb/pcr assay. viruses were treated at different pressure levels for 2 ... | 2015 | 25362063 |
| artifact-free quantification and sequencing of rare recombinant viruses by using drop-based microfluidics. | recombination is an important driver in the evolution of viruses and thus is key to understanding viral epidemics and improving strategies to prevent future outbreaks. characterization of rare recombinant subpopulations remains technically challenging because of artifacts such as artificial recombinants, known as chimeras, and amplification bias. to overcome this, we have developed a high-throughput microfluidic technique with a second verification step in order to amplify and sequence single re ... | 2015 | 26247541 |
| a cell-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer (fret) sensor reveals inter- and intragenogroup variations in norovirus protease activity and polyprotein cleavage. | the viral protease represents a key drug target for the development of antiviral therapeutics. because many protease inhibitors mimic protease substrates, differences in substrate recognition between proteases may affect their sensitivity to a given inhibitor. here we use a cell-based fret sensor to investigate the activity of different norovirus proteases upon cleavage of various norovirus cleavage sites inserted into a linker region separating cyan fluorescent protein and yellow fluorescent pr ... | 2015 | 26363064 |
| murine norovirus infection variably alters atherosclerosis in mice lacking apolipoprotein e. | macrophages play a key role in the development of atherosclerosis. murine noroviruses (mnv) are highly prevalent in research mouse colonies and infect macrophages and dendritic cells. our laboratory found that mnv4 infection in mice lacking the ldl receptor alters the development of atherosclerosis, potentially confounding research outcomes. therefore, we investigated whether mnv4 likewise altered atherosclerosis in apoe(-/-) mice. in the presence of oxidized ldl, mnv4 infection of apoe(-/-) bon ... | 2015 | 26473341 |
| inactivation kinetics and mechanism of a human norovirus surrogate on stainless steel coupons via chlorine dioxide gas. | acute gastroenteritis caused by human norovirus is a significant public health issue. fresh produce and seafood are examples of high-risk foods associated with norovirus outbreaks. food contact surfaces also have the potential to harbor noroviruses if exposed to fecal contamination, aerosolized vomitus, or infected food handlers. currently, there is no effective measure to decontaminate norovirus on food contact surfaces. chlorine dioxide (clo2) gas is a strong oxidizer and is used as a decontam ... | 2015 | 26475110 |
| electron beam inactivation of tulane virus on fresh produce, and mechanism of inactivation of human norovirus surrogates by electron beam irradiation. | ionizing radiation, whether by electron beams or gamma rays, is a non-thermal processing technique used to improve the microbial safety and shelf-life of many different food products. this technology is highly effective against bacterial pathogens, but data on its effect against foodborne viruses is limited. a mechanism of viral inactivation has been proposed with gamma irradiation, but no published study discloses a mechanism for electron beam (e-beam). this study had three distinct goals: 1) e ... | 2015 | 25590261 |
| does alteration in biodiversity really affect disease outcome? - a debate is brewing. | how changes in biodiversity alter the transmission of infectious diseases is presently under debate. epidemiologists and ecologists have put a lot of effort to understand the mechanism behind biodiversity-disease relationship. two important mechanisms, i.e. dilution and amplification theories have in some manner made it clear that biodiversity and disease outcome have an intimate relationship. the dilution effect theory seems to answer some overarching questions, but paucity of information about ... | 2015 | 25561877 |
| effect of uv light on the inactivation of recombinant human adenovirus and murine norovirus seeded in seawater in shellfish depuration tanks. | shellfish depuration is a process that aims to eliminate pathogens from mollusk tissues. seawater disinfection during the depuration process is important and ultraviolet (uv) light treatment is the most used method worldwide. viral models are usually employed as surrogates of fastidious viruses in viability studies. the aim of this study was to employ methods based on green fluorescent protein (gfp) fluorescence and plaque forming units to detect, respectively, recombinant adenovirus (radv-gfp) ... | 2015 | 25528135 |
| heat inactivation of a norovirus surrogate in cell culture lysate, abalone meat, and abalone viscera. | the current study examined the effects of temperature and heat treatment duration on murine norovirus-1 (mnv-1) from both viral cell culture lysate (7-8 log10 pfu) and experimentally contaminated abalone meat and viscera (5-6 log10 pfu) as a model of human norovirus (nov). mnv-1 titers in cell culture lysate, abalone meat, and abalone viscera were gradually reduced to 1.93-4.55, 1.79-3.00, and 2.26-3.26 log10 pfu/ml, respectively, after treatment at 70 °c for 1-10 min. treatment at 85 °c for 1-5 ... | 2015 | 25526718 |
| a high-throughput drop microfluidic system for virus culture and analysis. | high mutation rates and short replication times lead to rapid evolution in rna viruses. new tools for high-throughput culture and analysis of viral phenotypes will enable more effective studies of viral evolutionary processes. a water-in-oil drop microfluidic system to study virus-cell interactions at the single event level on a massively parallel scale is described here. murine norovirus (mnv-1) particles were co-encapsulated with individual raw 264.7 cells in 65 pl aqueous drops formed by flow ... | 2015 | 25522923 |
| expanding the role of the virome: commensalism in the gut. | viruses affect host physiology beyond causing acute disease, thereby giving rise to the concept that the virome is a component of the microbiome. however, the role of the enteric virome is understudied relative to the fast-paced research examining commensal bacteria in the intestine. in this article, i discuss our recent work on murine norovirus indicating that an animal virus in the intestine can provide many of the signals to the host that have been attributed to commensal bacteria. our findin ... | 2015 | 25505079 |
| inactivation of murine norovirus on a range of copper alloy surfaces is accompanied by loss of capsid integrity. | norovirus is one of the most common causes of acute viral gastroenteritis. the virus is spread via the fecal-oral route, most commonly from infected food and water, but several outbreaks have originated from contamination of surfaces with infectious virus. in this study, a close surrogate of human norovirus causing gastrointestinal disease in mice, murine norovirus type 1 (mnv-1), retained infectivity for more than 2 weeks following contact with a range of surface materials, including teflon (po ... | 2015 | 25452290 |
| the microfluidic chip module for the detection of murine norovirus in oysters using charge switchable micro-bead beating. | sample preparation has recently been an issue in the detection of food poisoning pathogens, particularly viruses such as norovirus (nov), in food because of the complexity of foods and raw fresh materials. here, we demonstrate a total analytical microfluidic chip module to automatically perform a series of essential processes (cell concentration, lysis (rna extraction), nucleic acid amplification, and detection) for the fast but sensitive detection of norovirus in oysters. the murine nov spiked ... | 2015 | 25449875 |
| commensal microbes and interferon-λ determine persistence of enteric murine norovirus infection. | the capacity of human norovirus (nov), which causes >90% of global epidemic nonbacterial gastroenteritis, to infect a subset of people persistently may contribute to its spread. how such enteric viruses establish persistent infections is not well understood. we found that antibiotics prevented persistent murine norovirus (mnov) infection, an effect that was reversed by replenishment of the bacterial microbiota. antibiotics did not prevent tissue infection or affect systemic viral replication but ... | 2015 | 25431490 |
| interferon-λ cures persistent murine norovirus infection in the absence of adaptive immunity. | norovirus gastroenteritis is a major public health burden worldwide. although fecal shedding is important for transmission of enteric viruses, little is known about the immune factors that restrict persistent enteric infection. we report here that although the cytokines interferon-α (ifn-α) and ifn-β prevented the systemic spread of murine norovirus (mnov), only ifn-λ controlled persistent enteric infection. infection-dependent induction of ifn-λ was governed by the mnov capsid protein and corre ... | 2015 | 25431489 |
| study of the virucidal potential of organic peroxyacids against norovirus on food-contact surfaces. | this study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of four different peroxyacids, namely peracetic (paa), perpropionic (ppa), perlactic (pla), and percitric (pca) for inactivating viruses in suspension or attached to stainless steel or polyvinyl chloride surfaces. the test virus was a proxy for human norovirus, namely murine norovirus 1. plaque-forming units in suspension (10(7) per ml) were treated with 50-1,000 mg l(-1) peroxyacid (equilibrium mixture of organic acid, hydrogen peroxide, peroxya ... | 2015 | 25416069 |
| a membrane-based electro-separation method (mbes) for sample clean-up and norovirus concentration. | noroviruses are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis and foodborne illnesses in the united states. enhanced methods for detecting noroviruses in food matrices are needed as current methods are complex, labor intensive and insensitive, often resulting in inhibition of downstream molecular detection and inefficient recovery. membrane-based electro-separation (mbes) is a technique to exchange charged particles through a size-specific dialysis membrane from one solution to another using electr ... | 2015 | 26513464 |
| survival and transfer of murine norovirus within a hydroponic system during kale and mustard microgreen harvesting. | hydroponically grown microgreens are gaining in popularity, but there is a lack of information pertaining to their microbiological safety. the potential risks associated with virus contamination of crops within a hydroponic system have not been studied to date. here a human norovirus (hunov) surrogate (murine norovirus [mnv]) was evaluated for its ability to become internalized from roots to edible tissues of microgreens. subsequently, virus survival in recirculated water without adequate disinf ... | 2015 | 26567309 |
| oral norovirus infection is blocked in mice lacking peyer's patches and mature m cells. | a critical early step in murine norovirus (mnv) pathogenesis is crossing the intestinal epithelial barrier to reach the target cells for replication, i.e., macrophages, dendritic cells, and b cells. our previous work showed that mnv replication decreases in the intestines of mice conditionally depleted of microfold (m) cells. to define the importance of peyer's patch (pp) m cells during mnv pathogenesis, we used a model of balb/c mice deficient in recombination-activating gene 2 (rag2) and the c ... | 2015 | 26581993 |
| regulation of norovirus virulence by the vp1 protruding domain correlates with b cell infection efficiency. | human noroviruses are a leading cause of gastroenteritis across the globe, but the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for disease are not well established. the availability of a murine norovirus model system provides the opportunity to elucidate viral and host determinants of virulence in a natural host. for example, previous studies have revealed that the protruding domain of the murine norovirus capsid protein vp1, specifically residue 296 of vp1, regulates virulent infection. we identified a p ... | 2015 | 26719276 |
| efficacy and mechanisms of murine norovirus inhibition by pulsed-light technology. | pulsed light is a nonthermal processing technology recognized by the fda for killing microorganisms on food surfaces, with cumulative fluences up to 12 j cm(-2). in this study, we investigated its efficacy for inactivating murine norovirus 1 (mnv-1) as a human norovirus surrogate in phosphate-buffered saline, hard water, mineral water, turbid water, and sewage treatment effluent and on food contact surfaces, including high-density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and stainless steel, free or in ... | 2015 | 25681193 |
| the murine norovirus core subgenomic rna promoter consists of a stable stem-loop that can direct accurate initiation of rna synthesis. | all members of the caliciviridae family of viruses produce a subgenomic rna during infection. the subgenomic rna typically encodes only the major and minor capsid proteins, but in murine norovirus (mnv), the subgenomic rna also encodes the vf1 protein, which functions to suppress host innate immune responses. to date, the mechanism of norovirus subgenomic rna synthesis has not been characterized. we have previously described the presence of an evolutionarily conserved rna stem-loop structure on ... | 2015 | 25392209 |
| prophylactic treatment with the nucleoside analogue 2'-c-methylcytidine completely prevents transmission of norovirus. | norovirus outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis are highly prevalent, extensive and can disturb the functioning of health institutions, leading to the closure of hospital wards and causing life-threatening infections in long-term care facilities. there is no vaccine available; hence there is a pressing need for antivirals for the treatment (in immunodeficient patients) and prophylaxis of norovirus infections. we explored in a mouse model whether an inhibitor of norovirus replication can prevent/red ... | 2015 | 25228588 |
| abiotic stress and phyllosphere bacteria influence the survival of human norovirus and its surrogates on preharvest leafy greens. | foodborne outbreaks of human noroviruses (hunovs) are frequently associated with leafy greens. because there is no effective method to eliminate hunov from postharvest leafy greens, understanding virus survival under preharvest conditions is crucial. the objective of this study was to evaluate the survival of hunov and its surrogate viruses, murine norovirus (mnv), porcine sapovirus (sav), and tulane virus (tv), on preharvest lettuce and spinach that were subjected to abiotic stress (physical da ... | 2015 | 26497461 |
| detection and quantification of airborne norovirus during outbreaks in healthcare facilities. | noroviruses are responsible for at least 50% of all gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. noroviruses gii can infect humans via multiple routes including direct contact with an infected person, fecal matter, or vomitus, and contact with contaminated surfaces. although norovirus is an intestinal pathogen, aerosols could, if inhaled, settle in the pharynx and later be swallowed. the aims of this study were to investigate the presence of norovirus gii bioaerosols during gastroenteritis outbreaks in ... | 2015 | 25900175 |
| removal properties of human enteric viruses in a pilot-scale membrane bioreactor (mbr) process. | in order to evaluate removal properties of human enteric viruses from wastewater by a membrane bioreactor (mbr), influent, anoxic and oxic mixed liquor, and membrane effluent samples were collected in a pilot-scale anoxic-oxic mbr process for 16 months, and concentrations of enteroviruses, norovirus gii, and sapoviruses were determined by real-time pcr using murine norovirus as a process control. mixed liquor samples were separated into liquid and solid phases by centrifugation, and viruses in t ... | 2015 | 25770448 |
| culture-independent evaluation of nonenveloped-virus infectivity reduced by free-chlorine disinfection. | the inability of molecular detection methods to distinguish disinfected virions from infectious ones has hampered the assessment of infectivity for enteric viruses caused by disinfection practices. in the present study, the reduction of infectivity of murine norovirus s7-pp3 and mengovirus vmc0, surrogates of human noroviruses and enteroviruses, respectively, caused by free-chlorine treatment was characterized culture independently by detecting carbonyl groups on viral capsid protein. the amount ... | 2015 | 25681178 |
| effects of abiotic and biotic stresses on the internalization and dissemination of human norovirus surrogates in growing romaine lettuce. | human norovirus (nov) is the major causative agent of fresh-produce-related outbreaks of gastroenteritis; however, the ecology and persistence of human nov in produce systems are poorly understood. in this study, the effects of abiotic and biotic stresses on the internalization and dissemination of two human nov surrogates (murine norovirus 1 [mnv-1] and tulane virus [tv]) in romaine lettuce were determined. to induce abiotic stress, romaine lettuce was grown under drought and flood conditions t ... | 2015 | 25956773 |
| protective role of murine norovirus against pseudomonas aeruginosa acute pneumonia. | the murine norovirus (mnv) is a recently discovered mouse pathogen, representing the most common contaminant in laboratory mouse colonies. nevertheless, the effects of mnv infection on biomedical research are still unclear. we tested the hypothesis that mnv infection could alter immune response in mice with acute lung infection. here we report that co-infection with mnv increases survival of mice with pseudomonas aeruginosa acute lung injury and decreases in vivo production of pro-inflammatory c ... | 2015 | 26338794 |
| infection of murine macrophages by salmonella enterica serovar heidelberg blocks murine norovirus infectivity and virus-induced apoptosis. | gastroenteritis caused by bacterial and viral pathogens constitutes a major public health threat in the united states accounting for 35% of hospitalizations. in particular, salmonella enterica and noroviruses cause the majority of gastroenteritis infections, with emergence of sporadic outbreaks and incidence of increased infections. although mechanisms underlying infections by these pathogens have been individually studied, little is known about the mechanisms regulating co-infection by these pa ... | 2015 | 26658916 |
| evaluation of virus inactivation by formaldehyde to enhance biosafety of diagnostic electron microscopy. | formaldehyde (fa) fixation of infectious samples is a well-established protocol in diagnostic electron microscopy of viruses. however, published experimental data that demonstrate virus inactivation by these fixation procedures are lacking. usually, fixation is performed immediately before the sample preparation for microscopy. the fixation procedure should transform viruses in a non-infectious but nonetheless structurally intact form in order to allow a proper diagnosis based on morphology. fa ... | 2015 | 25674771 |
| solar water disinfection (sodis): impact on hepatitis a virus and on a human norovirus surrogate under natural solar conditions. | this study evaluates the effectiveness of solar water disinfection (sodis) in the reduction and inactivation of hepatitis a virus (hav) and of the human norovirus surrogate, murine norovirus (mnv-1), under natural solar conditions. experiments were performed in 330 ml polyethylene terephthalate (pet) bottles containing hav or mnv-1 contaminated waters (10(3) pfu/ml) that were exposed to natural sunlight for 2 to 8 h. parallel experiments under controlled temperature and/or in darkness conditions ... | 2015 | 26415666 |
| ultraviolet-c efficacy against a norovirus surrogate and hepatitis a virus on a stainless steel surface. | in this study, the effects of 10-300 mws/cm(2) of ultraviolet radiation (uv-c) at 260 nm were investigated for the inactivation of two foodborne viruses: murine norovirus-1 (mnv-1; a human norovirus [nov] surrogate) and hepatitis a virus (hav). we used an experimentally contaminated stainless steel surface, a common food-contact surface, to examine the effects of low doses of uv-c radiation on mnv-1 and hav titers. the modified gompertz equation was used to generate non-linear survival curves an ... | 2015 | 26184763 |
| mathematical model for viral depuration kinetics in shellfish: an useful tool to estimate the risk for the consumers. | enteric virus depuration from shellfish is a complex biological process that may be influenced by biological properties of the mollusc and/or virus species. on the basis of previous experimental data, a mathematical model was developed to characterize the kinetics of viral elimination during the depuration process. the experimental data consisted on twenty depuration trials, each with 60 kg of manila clams (venerupis philippinarum) and mediterranean mussels (mytilus galloprovincialis) previously ... | 2015 | 25846934 |
| determination of which virus to use as a process control when testing for the presence of hepatitis a virus and norovirus in food and water. | noroviruses (genogroup i (nov gi) and genogroup ii (nov gii)) and the hepatitis a virus (hav) are frequently involved in foodborne infections worldwide. they are mainly transmitted via the fecal-oral route, direct person-to-person contact or consumption of contaminated water and foods. in food virology, detection methods are currently based on identifying viral genomes using real-time reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-qpcr). one of the general requirements for detecting these viruses in food involve ... | 2015 | 25771512 |
| a comparative study of digital rt-pcr and rt-qpcr for quantification of hepatitis a virus and norovirus in lettuce and water samples. | sensitive and quantitative detection of foodborne enteric viruses is classically achieved by quantitative rt-pcr (rt-qpcr). recently, digital pcr (dpcr) was described as a novel approach to genome quantification without need for a standard curve. the performance of microfluidic digital rt-pcr (rt-dpcr) was compared to rt-qpcr for detecting the main viruses responsible for foodborne outbreaks (human noroviruses (nov) and hepatitis a virus (hav)) in spiked lettuce and bottled water. two process co ... | 2015 | 25725459 |
| presence of pathogenic enteric viruses in illegally imported meat and meat products to eu by international air travelers. | one hundred twenty two meat samples confiscated from passengers on flights from non-european countries at the international airport of bilbao (spain) were tested for the presence of the main foodborne viral pathogens (human noroviruses genogroups i and ii, hepatitis a and e viruses) during 2012 and 2013. a sample process control virus, murine norovirus, was used to evaluate the correct performance of the method. overall, 67 samples were positive for at least one enteric viruses, 65 being positiv ... | 2015 | 25951793 |
| detection of hepatitis e virus in pork liver sausages. | hepatitis e infection is regarded as an emerging public-health concern. the disease is normally self-limiting (mortality rate 1%), but chronic infections have recently been observed in transplanted patients. the etiological agent hev is a small rna virus infecting both humans and animals. in humans, the disease may be food-borne and pig is a main reservoir for zoonotic strains. in the present study, we evaluated the presence of hev and swine fecal cross-contamination in pork liver sausages sold ... | 2015 | 25462920 |
| survival of porcine teschovirus as a surrogate virus on pork chops during storage at 2°c. | due to the lack of an efficient cultivation system, little is known about the stability and inactivation of hepatitis e virus (hev). in addition, there is a lack of information on which cultivable virus(es) are suitable as model or surrogate viruses for hev. murine norovirus (mnv) and f-rna coliphage ms2 are potential surrogates and f-rna coliphages are a potential indicator for enteric viruses. however, the numbers of f-rna coliphages excreted by swine are relatively low. in contrast, porcine t ... | 2015 | 25461604 |