Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| acute hendra virus infection: analysis of the pathogenesis and passive antibody protection in the hamster model. | hendra virus (hev) and nipah virus (niv) are recently-emerged, closely related and highly pathogenic paramyxoviruses. we have analysed here the pathogenesis of the acute hev infection using the new animal model, golden hamster (mesocricetus auratus), which is highly susceptible to hev infection. hev-specific rna and viral antigens were found in multiple organs and virus was isolated from different tissues. dual pathogenic mechanism was observed: parenchymal infection in various organs, including ... | 2009 | 19328514 |
| reverse genetics of nipah virus to probe viral pathogenicity. | enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) is a useful marker protein which enables the tracing of virus infection. recombinant viruses expressing egfp are useful for the investigation of the underlying mechanism of viral infection in vitro and in vivo. using egfp-expressing recombinant nipah virus (niv) and canine distemper virus (cdv), we tested the susceptibility of a variety of cells to infection. receptor usage in cdv infection was also investigated. | 2009 | 19378121 |
| purification of histidine-tagged nucleocapsid protein of nipah virus using immobilized metal affinity chromatography. | nucleocapsid (n) protein of nipah virus (niv) is a potential serological marker used in the diagnosis of niv infections. in this study, a rapid and efficient purification system, histrap 6 fast flow packed bed column was applied to purify recombinant histidine-tagged n protein of niv from clarified feedstock. the optimizations of binding and elution conditions of n protein of niv onto and from nickel sepharose 6 fast flow were investigated. the optimal binding was achieved at ph 7.5, superficial ... | 2009 | 19395325 |
| a shared interface mediates paramyxovirus interference with antiviral rna helicases mda5 and lgp2. | diverse members of the paramyxovirus family of negative-strand rna viruses effectively suppress host innate immune responses through the actions of their v proteins. the v protein mediates interference with the interferon regulatory rna helicase mda5 to avoid cellular antiviral responses. analysis of the interaction interface revealed the mda5 helicase c domain as necessary and sufficient for association with v proteins from human parainfluenza virus type 2, parainfluenza virus type 5, measles v ... | 2009 | 19403670 |
| characteristics of nipah virus and hendra virus replication in different cell lines and their suitability for antiviral screening. | we have recently described the development and validation of a high throughput screening assay suitable for henipavirus antiviral identification. while we are confident this assay is robust and effective, we wished to investigate assay performance in a range of alternative cell lines to determine if assay sensitivity and specificity could be improved. we evaluated ten different cell lines for their susceptibility to hendra and nipah virus infection and their sensitivity of detection of the effec ... | 2009 | 19428741 |
| a neutralization test for specific detection of nipah virus antibodies using pseudotyped vesicular stomatitis virus expressing green fluorescent protein. | nipah virus (niv) is a new zoonotic paramyxovirus that emerged in 1998 and is now classified in the genus henipavirus along with the closely related hendra virus (hev). niv is highly pathogenic in several vertebrate species including humans, and the lack of available vaccines or specific treatment restricts it to biosafety level 4 (bsl4) containment. a serum neutralization test was developed for measuring niv neutralizing antibodies under bsl2 conditions using a recombinant vesicular stomatitis ... | 2009 | 19433112 |
| human hendra virus infection causes acute and relapsing encephalitis. | to study the pathology of two cases of human hendra virus infection, one with no clinical encephalitis and one with relapsing encephalitis. | 2009 | 19473296 |
| bats and emerging zoonoses: henipaviruses and sars. | nearly 75% of all emerging infectious diseases (eids) that impact or threaten human health are zoonotic. the majority have spilled from wildlife reservoirs, either directly to humans or via domestic animals. the emergence of many can be attributed to predisposing factors such as global travel, trade, agricultural expansion, deforestation/habitat fragmentation, and urbanization; such factors increase the interface and/or the rate of contact between human, domestic animal, and wildlife populations ... | 2009 | 19497090 |
| a small-molecule inhibitor of nipah virus envelope protein-mediated membrane fusion. | nipah virus (niv), a highly pathogenic paramyxovirus, causes respiratory disease in pigs and severe febrile encephalitis in humans with high mortality rates. on the basis of the structural similarity of viral fusion (f) proteins within the family paramyxoviridae, we designed and tested 18 quinolone derivatives in a niv and measles virus (mv) envelope protein-based fusion assay beside evaluation of cytotoxicity. we found five compounds successfully inhibiting niv envelope protein-induced cell fus ... | 2009 | 19499921 |
| nipah virus sequesters inactive stat1 in the nucleus via a p gene-encoded mechanism. | the nipah virus (niv) phosphoprotein (p) gene encodes the c, p, v, and w proteins. p, v, and w, have in common an amino-terminal domain sufficient to bind stat1, inhibiting its interferon (ifn)-induced tyrosine phosphorylation. p is also essential for rna-dependent rna polymerase function. c is encoded by an alternate open reading frame (orf) within the common amino-terminal domain. mutations within residues 81 to 113 of p impaired its polymerase cofactor function, as assessed by a minireplicon ... | 2009 | 19515782 |
| nipah virus infection in dogs, malaysia, 1999. | the 1999 outbreak of nipah virus encephalitis in humans and pigs in peninsular malaysia ended with the evacuation of humans and culling of pigs in the epidemic area. serologic screening showed that, in the absence of infected pigs, dogs were not a secondary reservoir for nipah virus. | 2009 | 19523300 |
| generation of tioman virus nucleocapsid-like particles in yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. | tioman virus (tiov) was isolated from a number of pooled urine samples of tioman island flying foxes (pteropus hypomelanus) during the search for the reservoir host of nipah virus. studies have established tiov as a new virus in the family paramyxoviridae. this novel paramyxovirus is antigenically related to menangle virus that was isolated in australia in 1997 during disease outbreak in pigs. tiov causes mild disease in pigs and has a predilection for lymphoid tissues. recent serosurvey showed ... | 2009 | 19559738 |
| development of a neutralization assay for nipah virus using pseudotype particles. | nipah virus (niv) and hendra virus (hev) are zoonotic paramyxoviruses capable of causing severe disease in humans and animals. these viruses require biosafety level 4 (bsl-4) containment. like other paramyxoviruses, the plaque reduction neutralization test (prnt) can be used to detect antibodies to the surface glycoproteins, fusion (f) and attachment (g), and prnt titers give an indication of protective immunity. unfortunately, for niv and hev, the prnt must be performed in bsl-4 containment and ... | 2009 | 19559943 |
| henipavirus rna in african bats. | henipaviruses (hendra and nipah virus) are highly pathogenic members of the family paramyxoviridae. fruit-eating bats of the pteropus genus have been suggested as their natural reservoir. human henipavirus infections have been reported in a region extending from australia via malaysia into bangladesh, compatible with the geographic range of pteropus. these bats do not occur in continental africa, but a whole range of other fruit bats is encountered. one of the most abundant is eidolon helvum, th ... | 2009 | 19636378 |
| organ- and endotheliotropism of nipah virus infections in vivo and in vitro. | nipah virus (niv) is a highly pathogenic paramyxovirus that was first isolated in 1999 during an outbreak in malaysia. in contrast to other paramyxoviruses niv infects many mammalian species. because of its zoonotic potential, the high pathogenicity and the lack of therapeutic treatment, niv was classified as a biosafety level 4 pathogen. in humans niv causes a severe acute encephalitis whereas in some animal hosts respiratory symptoms are predominantly observed. despite the differences in the c ... | 2009 | 19967130 |
| establishment, immortalisation and characterisation of pteropid bat cell lines. | bats are the suspected natural reservoir hosts for a number of new and emerging zoonotic viruses including nipah virus, hendra virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and ebola virus. since the discovery of sars-like coronaviruses in chinese horseshoe bats, attempts to isolate a sl-cov from bats have failed and attempts to isolate other bat-borne viruses in various mammalian cell lines have been similarly unsuccessful. new stable bat cell lines are needed to help with these investig ... | 2009 | 20011515 |
| henipaviruses: a new family of emerging paramyxoviruses. | paramyxoviruses have been implicated in both animal and human infections. some viruses, such as morbilliviruses are responsible for large-scale epidemics. however, there are limited observations of these viruses crossing the host species barrier in nature. in 1994, in australia a fatal infection in horses and humans was identified to be caused by a new paramyxovirus, hendra virus (hev), and in 1998 in malaysia, a closely related virus, nipah virus (niv) was responsible for fatal infections in pi ... | 2009 | 18511217 |
| animal models of henipavirus infection: a review. | hendra virus (hev) and nipah virus (niv) form a separate genus henipavirus within the family paramyxoviridae, and are classified as biosafety level four pathogens due to their high case fatality rate following human infection and because of the lack of effective vaccines or therapy. both viruses emerged from their natural reservoir during the last decade of the 20th century, causing severe disease in humans, horses and swine, and infecting a number of other mammalian species. the current review ... | 2009 | 19084436 |
| henipaviruses employ a multifaceted approach to evade the antiviral interferon response. | hendra and nipah virus, which constitute the genus henipavirus, are zoonotic paramyxoviruses that have been associated with sporadic outbreaks of severe disease and mortality in humans since their emergence in the late 1990s. similar to other paramyxoviruses, their ability to evade the host interferon (ifn) response is conferred by the p gene. the henipavirus p gene encodes four proteins; the p, v, w and c proteins, which have all been described to inhibit the antiviral response. further studies ... | 2009 | 21994589 |
| a catalytically and genetically optimized beta-lactamase-matrix based assay for sensitive, specific, and higher throughput analysis of native henipavirus entry characteristics. | nipah virus (niv) and hendra virus (hev) are the only paramyxoviruses requiring biosafety level 4 (bsl-4) containment. thus, study of henipavirus entry at less than bsl-4 conditions necessitates the use of cell-cell fusion or pseudotyped reporter virus assays. yet, these surrogate assays may not fully emulate the biological properties unique to the virus being studied. thus, we developed a henipaviral entry assay based on a beta-lactamase-nipah matrix (betala-m) fusion protein. we first codon-op ... | 2009 | 19646266 |
| nipah virus fusion protein: influence of cleavage site mutations on the cleavability by cathepsin l, trypsin and furin. | nipah virus (niv), a highly pathogenic member of the paramyxoviridae which originated from bats, encodes for a fusion (f) protein which is proteolytically processed within endosomes by cathepsin l. we show here that sequence requirements for niv f activation differ markedly from other para- or orthomyxoviral fusion proteins. in contrast to other viral fusion proteins with monobasic cleavage sites, processing of niv f proteins with one single basic amino acid in the cleavage peptide by exogenous ... | 2009 | 19665506 |
| production of the matrix protein of nipah virus in escherichia coli: virus-like particles and possible application for diagnosis. | the broad species tropism of nipah virus (niv) coupled with its high pathogenicity demand a rapid search for a new biomarker candidate for diagnosis. the matrix (m) protein was expressed in escherichia coli and purified using a ni-nta affinity column chromatography and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. the recombinant m protein with the molecular mass (mr) of about 43 kda was detected by anti-niv serum and anti-myc antibody. about 50% of the m protein was found to be soluble and localized ... | 2009 | 19666056 |
| [viruses and bats: rabies and lyssavirus]. | recent emerging zoonoses (hemorrhagic fevers due to ebola or marburg virus, encephalitis due to nipah virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome due to sras virus...) outline the potential of bats as vectors for transmission of infectious disease to humans. such a potential is already known for rabies encephalitis since seven out of the eight genotypes of lyssavirus are transmitted by bats. in addition, phylogenetic reconstructions indicate that lyssavirus have evolved in chiropters before their e ... | 2009 | 19718950 |
| recurrent zoonotic transmission of nipah virus into humans, bangladesh, 2001-2007. | human nipah outbreaks recur in a specific region and time of year in bangladesh. fruit bats are the reservoir host for nipah virus. we identified 23 introductions of nipah virus into human populations in central and northwestern bangladesh from 2001 through 2007. ten introductions affected multiple persons (median 10). illness onset occurred from december through may but not every year. we identified 122 cases of human nipah infection. the mean age of case-patients was 27 years; 87 (71%) died. i ... | 2009 | 19751584 |
| chloroquine administration does not prevent nipah virus infection and disease in ferrets. | hendra virus and nipah virus, two zoonotic paramyxoviruses in the genus henipavirus, have recently emerged and continue to cause sporadic disease outbreaks in humans and animals. mortality rates of up to 75% have been reported in humans, but there are presently no clinically licensed therapeutics for treating henipavirus-induced disease. a recent report indicated that chloroquine, used in malaria therapy for over 70 years, prevented infection with nipah virus in vitro. chloroquine was assessed u ... | 2009 | 19759137 |
| nipah virus entry can occur by macropinocytosis. | nipah virus (niv) is a zoonotic biosafety level 4 paramyxovirus that emerged recently in asia with high mortality in man. niv is a member, with hendra virus (hev), of the henipavirus genus in the paramyxoviridae family. although niv entry, like that of other paramyxoviruses, is believed to occur via ph-independent fusion with the host cell's plasma membrane we present evidence that entry can occur by an endocytic pathway. the niv receptor ephrinb2 has receptor kinase activity and we find that ep ... | 2009 | 19854459 |
| transmission of human infection with nipah virus. | nipah virus (niv) is a paramyxovirus whose reservoir host is fruit bats of the genus pteropus. occasionally the virus is introduced into human populations and causes severe illness characterized by encephalitis or respiratory disease. the first outbreak of niv was recognized in malaysia, but 8 outbreaks have been reported from bangladesh since 2001. the primary pathways of transmission from bats to people in bangladesh are through contamination of raw date palm sap by bats with subsequent consum ... | 2009 | 19886791 |
| a neutralizing human monoclonal antibody protects against lethal disease in a new ferret model of acute nipah virus infection. | nipah virus is a broadly tropic and highly pathogenic zoonotic paramyxovirus in the genus henipavirus whose natural reservoirs are several species of pteropus fruit bats. nipah virus has repeatedly caused outbreaks over the past decade associated with a severe and often fatal disease in humans and animals. here, a new ferret model of nipah virus pathogenesis is described where both respiratory and neurological disease are present in infected animals. severe disease occurs with viral doses as low ... | 2009 | 19888339 |
| antiviral activity of gliotoxin, gentian violet and brilliant green against nipah and hendra virus in vitro. | using a recently described monolayer assay amenable to high throughput screening format for the identification of potential nipah virus and hendra virus antivirals, we have partially screened a low molecular weight compound library (>8,000 compounds) directly against live virus infection and identified twenty eight promising lead molecules. initial single blind screens were conducted with 10 microm compound in triplicate with a minimum efficacy of 90% required for lead selection. lead compounds ... | 2009 | 19889218 |
| callosal holes: an unusual imaging appearance in systemic lupus erythematosus. a case report. | systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) has diverse imaging features. however, focal lesions in the corpus callosum are extremely rare in sle with only few cases mentioned in the literature, with no mention of callosal holes in sle. callosal holes have been described as a characteristic finding in susac syndrome and have been mentioned in nipah virus encephalitis, marchiafava bignami disease and periventricular leukomalacia. we describe a case of sle with callosal holes. the demonstration of callosal ... | 2009 | 24207034 |
| combined chloroquine and ribavirin treatment does not prevent death in a hamster model of nipah and hendra virus infection. | hendra virus (hev) and nipah virus (niv) are recently emerged, closely related and highly pathogenic paramyxoviruses that cause severe disease such as encephalitis in animals and humans with fatality rates of up to 75 %. due to their high case fatality rate following human infection and because of the lack of effective vaccines or therapy, they are classified as biosafety level 4 pathogens. a recent study reported that chloroquine, an anti-malarial drug, was effective in preventing niv and hev i ... | 2010 | 19889926 |
| epidemiology, surveillance and control of nipah virus infections in malaysia. | the outbreak of nipah virus, affecting pigs and pig-farm workers, was first noted in september 1998 in the north-western part of peninsular malaysia. by march 1999, the outbreak had spread to other pig-farming areas of the country, inclusive of the neighbouring country, singapore. a total of 283 human cases of viral encephalitis with 109 deaths were recorded in malaysia from 29 september 1998 to december 1999. during the outbreak period, a number of surveillances under three broad groups; survei ... | 2010 | 21329176 |
| risk factors, prevention and communication strategy during nipah virus outbreak in malaysia. | an outbreak of acute febrile encephalitis affecting pig-farm workers and owners was recognized in peninsular malaysia as early as september 1998. the outbreak was initially thought to be due to japanese encephalitis (je) virus and thus very intensive prevention, control and communication strategies directed at je virus were undertaken by the ministry of health and ministry of agriculture of malaysia. there was an immediate change in the prevention, control and communication strategies with focus ... | 2010 | 21329177 |
| [current situation of the most frequent zoonosis in the world]. | zoonoses are at the present time more important than ever due to their magnitude and impact. the international trade in animals, products and sub products, as well as the intense travel of people around the world, represent risks of dissemination of infectious diseases, and are the reason for a new age of emerging and reemerging zoonotic diseases. under these conditions, public health and animal health authorities are obliged to work together in order to get more efficient control programs. in t ... | 2010 | 21384639 |
| phosphorylation of paramyxovirus phosphoprotein and its role in viral gene expression. | paramyxoviruses include many important human and animal pathogens such as measles virus, mumps virus, human parainfluenza viruses, and respiratory syncytial virus, as well as emerging viruses such as nipah virus and hendra virus. the paramyxovirus rna-dependent rna polymerase consists of the phosphoprotein (p) and the large protein. both of these proteins are essential for viral rna synthesis. the p protein is phosphorylated at multiple sites, probably by more than one host kinase. while it is t ... | 2010 | 20020826 |
| direct recovery of recombinant nucleocapsid protein of nipah virus from unclarified escherichia coli homogenate using hydrophobic interaction expanded bed adsorption chromatography. | a direct recovery of recombinant nucleocapsid protein of nipah virus (ncp-niv) from crude escherichia coli (e. coli) homogenate was developed successfully using a hydrophobic interaction expanded bed adsorption chromatography (hi-ebac). the nucleic acids co-released with the recombinant protein have increased the viscosity of the e. coli homogenate, thus affected the axial mixing in the ebac column. hence, dnase was added to reduce the viscosity of feedstock prior to its loading into the ebac co ... | 2010 | 20044094 |
| assembly and biological and immunological properties of newcastle disease virus-like particles. | virus-like particles (vlps) released from avian cells expressing the newcastle disease virus (ndv) strain av proteins np, m, hn (hemagglutinin-neuraminidase), and f were characterized. the vlp-associated hn and f glycoproteins directed the attachment of vlps to cell surfaces and fusion of vlp membranes with red blood cell membranes, indicating that they were assembled into vlps in an authentic conformation. these particles were quantitatively prepared and used as an immunogen, without adjuvant, ... | 2010 | 20181713 |
| experimental infection of squirrel monkeys with nipah virus. | we infected squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) with nipah virus to determine the monkeys' suitability for use as primate models in preclinical testing of preventive and therapeutic treatments. infection of squirrel monkeys through intravenous injection was followed by high death rates associated with acute neurologic and respiratory illness and viral rna and antigen production. | 2010 | 20202432 |
| nipah virus fact sheet (revised in july 2009). | 2010 | 20210044 | |
| identification of sars-like coronaviruses in horseshoe bats (rhinolophus hipposideros) in slovenia. | bats have been identified as a natural reservoir for an increasing number of emerging zoonotic viruses, such as hendra virus, nipah virus, ebola virus, marburg virus, rabies and other lyssaviruses. recently, a large number of viruses closely related to members of the genus coronavirus have been associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) and detected in bat species. in this study, samples were collected from 106 live bats of seven different bat species from 27 different locations in ... | 2010 | 20217155 |
| quantification of the severity of an outbreak in human infection control. | the severity of an outbreak is a priority in decision-making for human infection control. however, there have been no reports on how to quantify the severity of an outbreak. | 2010 | 20227902 |
| viral entry inhibitors targeted to the membrane site of action. | the fusion of enveloped viruses with the host cell is driven by specialized fusion proteins to initiate infection. the "class i" fusion proteins harbor two regions, typically two heptad repeat (hr) domains, which are central to the complex conformational changes leading to fusion: the first heptad repeat (hrn) is adjacent to the fusion peptide, while the second (hrc) immediately precedes the transmembrane domain. peptides derived from the hr regions can inhibit fusion, and one hr peptide, t20 (e ... | 2010 | 20357085 |
| dimeric architecture of the hendra virus attachment glycoprotein: evidence for a conserved mode of assembly. | hendra virus is a negative-sense single-stranded rna virus within the paramyxoviridae family which, together with nipah virus, forms the henipavirus genus. infection with bat-borne hendra virus leads to a disease with high mortality rates in humans. we determined the crystal structure of the unliganded six-bladed beta-propeller domain and compared it to the previously reported structure of hendra virus attachment glycoprotein (hev-g) in complex with its cellular receptor, ephrin-b2. as observed ... | 2010 | 20375167 |
| verification of poultry carcass composting research through application during actual avian influenza outbreaks. | an avian influenza outbreak in 2002 affected 197 poultry farms in virginia and cost an estimated $130 million in losses and cleanup. in 2004-2005, researchers initiated a project to investigate the feasibility and practicality of in-house composting of turkey mortalities (heavy hens and toms) as a method of disposal and disease containment. occurrences of low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) in west virginia and virginia in 2007 provided an opportunity for first responders to verify composting ... | 2010 | 20375437 |
| nipah virus outbreak with person-to-person transmission in a district of bangladesh, 2007. | in february 2007 an outbreak of nipah virus (niv) encephalitis in thakurgaon district of northwest bangladesh affected seven people, three of whom died. all subsequent cases developed illness 7-14 days after close physical contact with the index case while he was ill. cases were more likely than controls to have been in the same room (100% vs. 9.5%, or undefined, p<0.001) and to have touched him (83% vs. 0%, or undefined, p<0.001). although the source of infection for the index case was not iden ... | 2010 | 20380769 |
| shedding and transmission of novel influenza virus a/h1n1 infection in households--germany, 2009. | essential epidemiologic and virologic parameters must be measured to provide evidence for policy/public health recommendations and mathematical modeling concerning novel influenza a/h1n1 virus (niv) infections. therefore, from april through august of 2009, the authors collected nasopharyngeal specimens and information on antiviral medication and symptoms from households with niv infection on a daily basis in germany. specimens were analyzed quantitatively by using reverse transcriptase-polymeras ... | 2010 | 20439308 |
| review paper: the challenge of emerging zoonoses in asia pacific. | diseases transmitted from animals have assumed substantial public health importance. avian influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome, and nipah virus infection are a few examples of growing number of diseases that humans can contract from animals. these diseases can cause huge economic losses in addition to mortality and morbidity. in developing countries of asia, there is a continuous and close contact between animals and humans, especially in rural settings. the prevailing sociocultural pra ... | 2010 | 20462853 |
| tyrosine residues in the cytoplasmic domains affect sorting and fusion activity of the nipah virus glycoproteins in polarized epithelial cells. | the highly pathogenic nipah virus (niv) is aerially transmitted and causes a systemic infection after entering the respiratory tract. airway epithelia are thus important targets in primary infection. furthermore, virus replication in the mucosal surfaces of the respiratory or urinary tract in later phases of infection is essential for virus shedding and transmission. so far, the mechanisms of niv replication in epithelial cells are poorly elucidated. in the present study, we provide evidence tha ... | 2010 | 20484517 |
| development of an acute and highly pathogenic nonhuman primate model of nipah virus infection. | nipah virus (niv) is an enigmatic emerging pathogen that causes severe and often fatal neurologic and/or respiratory disease in both animals and humans. amongst people, case fatality rates range between 40 and 75 percent and there are no vaccines or treatments approved for human use. guinea pigs, hamsters, cats, ferrets, pigs and most recently squirrel monkeys (new world monkey) have been evaluated as animal models of human niv infection, and with the exception of the ferret, no model recapitula ... | 2010 | 20502528 |
| a quantitative and kinetic fusion protein-triggering assay can discern distinct steps in the nipah virus membrane fusion cascade. | the deadly paramyxovirus nipah virus (niv) contains a fusion glycoprotein (f) with canonical structural and functional features common to its class. receptor binding to the niv attachment glycoprotein (g) triggers f to undergo a two-phase conformational cascade: the first phase progresses from a metastable prefusion state to a prehairpin intermediate (phi), while the second phase is marked by transition from the phi to the six-helix-bundle hairpin. the phi can be captured with peptides that mimi ... | 2010 | 20519383 |
| bad wraps on viruses. | 2010 | 20521472 | |
| use of monoclonal antibodies against hendra and nipah viruses in an antigen capture elisa. | outbreaks of hendra (hev) and nipah (niv) viruses have been reported starting in 1994 and 1998, respectively. both viruses are capable of causing fatal disease in humans and effecting great economical loss in the livestock industry. | 2010 | 20525276 |
| characterization of the antiviral and inflammatory responses against nipah virus in endothelial cells and neurons. | nipah virus (niv) is a highly pathogenic paramyxovirus which causes fatal encephalitis in up to 75% of infected humans. endothelial cells and neurons are important cellular targets in the pathogenesis of this disease. in this study, viral replication and the innate immune responses to niv in these cell types were measured. niv infected endothelial cells generated a functionally robust ifn-beta response, which correlated with localization of the niv w protein to the cytoplasm. there was no antivi ... | 2010 | 20552729 |
| characterization of the antiviral and inflammatory responses against nipah virus in endothelial cells and neurons. | nipah virus (niv) is a highly pathogenic paramyxovirus which causes fatal encephalitis in up to 75% of infected humans. endothelial cells and neurons are important cellular targets in the pathogenesis of this disease. in this study, viral replication and the innate immune responses to niv in these cell types were measured. niv infected endothelial cells generated a functionally robust ifn-beta response, which correlated with localization of the niv w protein to the cytoplasm. there was no antivi ... | 2010 | 20580807 |
| date palm sap collection: exploring opportunities to prevent nipah transmission. | nipah virus (niv) infection is a seasonal disease in bangladesh that coincides with the date palm sap collection season. raw date palm sap is a delicacy to drink in bengali culture. if fruit bats that are infected with niv gain access to the sap for drinking, they might occasionally contaminate the sap through saliva and urine. in february 2007, we conducted a qualitative study in six villages, interviewing 27 date palm sap collectors (gachhis) within the geographical area where niv outbreaks ha ... | 2010 | 20617362 |
| bats without borders: long-distance movements and implications for disease risk management. | fruit bats of the genus pteropus (commonly known as flying-foxes) are the natural hosts of several recently emerged zoonotic viruses of animal and human health significance in australia and asia, including hendra and nipah viruses. satellite telemetry was used on nine flying-foxes of three species (pteropus alecto n=5, p. vampyrus n=2, and p. neohibernicus n=2) to determine the scale and pattern of their long-distance movements and their potential to transfer these viruses between countries in t ... | 2010 | 20645122 |
| emerging epidemic viral encephalitides with a special focus on henipaviruses. | in the last few decades, there is an increasing emergence and re-emergence of viruses, such as west nile virus, enterovirus 71 and henipaviruses that cause epidemic viral encephalitis and other central nervous system (cns) manifestations. the mortality and morbidity associated with these outbreaks are significant and frequently severe. while aspects of epidemiology, basic virology, etc., may be known, the pathology and pathogenesis are often less so, partly due to a lack of interest among pathol ... | 2010 | 20652579 |
| endothelial galectin-1 binds to specific glycans on nipah virus fusion protein and inhibits maturation, mobility, and function to block syncytia formation. | nipah virus targets human endothelial cells via niv-f and niv-g envelope glycoproteins, resulting in endothelial syncytia formation and vascular compromise. endothelial cells respond to viral infection by releasing innate immune effectors, including galectins, which are secreted proteins that bind to specific glycan ligands on cell surface glycoproteins. we demonstrate that galectin-1 reduces niv-f mediated fusion of endothelial cells, and that endogenous galectin-1 in endothelial cells is suffi ... | 2010 | 20657665 |
| a novel model of lethal hendra virus infection in african green monkeys and the effectiveness of ribavirin treatment. | the henipaviruses, hendra virus (hev) and nipah virus (niv), are emerging zoonotic paramyxoviruses that can cause severe and often lethal neurologic and/or respiratory disease in a wide variety of mammalian hosts, including humans. there are presently no licensed vaccines or treatment options approved for human or veterinarian use. guinea pigs, hamsters, cats, and ferrets, have been evaluated as animal models of human hev infection, but studies in nonhuman primates (nhp) have not been reported, ... | 2010 | 20660198 |
| novel phosphoprotein-interacting region in nipah virus nucleocapsid protein and its involvement in viral replication. | the interaction of nipah virus (niv) nucleocapsid (n) protein with phosphoprotein (p) during nucleocapsid assembly is the essential process in the viral life cycle, since only the encapsidated rna genome can be used for replication. to identify the region responsible for n-p interaction, we utilized fluorescent protein tags to visualize niv n and p proteins in live cells and analyzed their cellular localization. n protein fused to monomeric enhanced cyan fluorescence protein (n-ecfp) exhibited a ... | 2010 | 20668089 |
| henipavirus: a review of laboratory animal pathology. | the genus henipavirus contains two members-hendra virus (hev) and nipah virus (niv)-and each can cause fatal disease in humans and animals. hev and niv are currently classified as biosafety level 4, and niv is classified as a category c priority pathogen. the aim of this article is to discuss the pathology of laboratory animal models of henipavirus infection and to assess their suitability as animal models for the development and testing of human therapeutics and vaccines. there has been conside ... | 2010 | 20682803 |
| n-(3-cyanophenyl)-2-phenylacetamide, an effective inhibitor of morbillivirus-induced membrane fusion with low cytotoxicity. | based on the structural similarity of viral fusion proteins within the family paramyxoviridae, we tested recently described and newly synthesized acetanilide derivatives for their capacity to inhibit measles virus (mv)-, canine distemper virus (cdv)- and nipah virus (niv)-induced membrane fusion. we found that n-(3-cyanophenyl)-2-phenylacetamide (compound 1) has a high capacity to inhibit mv- and cdv-induced (ic(50) μm), but not niv-induced, membrane fusion. this compound is of outstanding inter ... | 2010 | 20685931 |
| infectious lassa virus, but not filoviruses, is restricted by bst-2/tetherin. | bone marrow stromal antigen 2 (bst-2/tetherin) is a cellular membrane protein that inhibits the release of hiv-1. we show for the first time, using infectious viruses, that bst-2 also inhibits egress of arenaviruses but has no effect on filovirus replication and spread. specifically, infectious lassa virus (lasv) release significantly decreased or increased in human cells in which bst-2 was either stably expressed or knocked down, respectively. in contrast, replication and spread of infectious z ... | 2010 | 20686043 |
| dissociation of paramyxovirus interferon evasion activities: universal and virus-specific requirements for conserved v protein amino acids in mda5 interference. | the v protein of the paramyxovirus subfamily paramyxovirinae is an important virulence factor that can interfere with host innate immunity by inactivating the cytosolic pathogen recognition receptor mda5. this interference is a result of a protein-protein interaction between the highly conserved carboxyl-terminal domain of the v protein and the helicase domain of mda5. the v protein c-terminal domain (ctd) is an evolutionarily conserved 49- to 68-amino-acid region that coordinates two zinc atoms ... | 2010 | 20719949 |
| novel nipah virus immune-antagonism strategy revealed by experimental and computational study. | nipah virus is an emerging pathogen that causes severe disease in humans. it expresses several antagonist proteins that subvert the immune response and that may contribute to its pathogenicity. studies of its biology are difficult due to its high pathogenicity and requirement for biosafety level 4 containment. we integrated experimental and computational methods to elucidate the effects of nipah virus immune antagonists. individual nipah virus immune antagonists (phosphoprotein and v and w prote ... | 2010 | 20739535 |
| the nonstructural proteins of nipah virus play a key role in pathogenicity in experimentally infected animals. | nipah virus (niv) p gene encodes p protein and three accessory proteins (v, c and w). it has been reported that all four p gene products have ifn antagonist activity when the proteins were transiently expressed. however, the role of those accessory proteins in natural infection with niv remains unknown. we generated recombinant nivs lacking v, c or w protein, rniv(v-), rniv(c-), and rniv(w-), respectively, to analyze the functions of these proteins in infected cells and the implications in in vi ... | 2010 | 20856799 |
| virus and infections 2010 - bit's first world congress. | the world congress of virus and infections, held in busan, south korea, included topics reviewing the field of zoonoses. this conference report highlights selected presentations on surveillance, epidemiology and measures for the control and prevention of zoonotic diseases. topics discussed include human factors influencing zoonoses, the molecular epidemiology of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever, the emerging nipah virus, and the re-emergence of cowpox virus. | 2010 | 20878585 |
| [nipah virus (niv)]. | 2010 | 20942075 | |
| cluster of nipah virus infection, kushtia district, bangladesh, 2007. | in march 2007, we investigated a cluster of nipah encephalitis to identify risk factors for nipah infection in bangladesh. | 2010 | 21042407 |
| induction of neutralizing antibodies to hendra and nipah glycoproteins using a venezuelan equine encephalitis virus in vivo expression system. | the emergence of hendra virus (hev) and nipah virus (niv) which can cause fatal infections in both animals and humans has triggered a search for an effective vaccine. here, we have explored the potential for generating an effective humoral immune response to these zoonotic pathogens using an alphavirus-based vaccine platform. groups of mice were immunized with venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon particles (vrps) encoding the attachment or fusion glycoproteins of either hev or niv. we d ... | 2010 | 21050901 |
| nipah virus infection and glycoprotein targeting in endothelial cells. | the highly pathogenic nipah virus (niv) causes fatal respiratory and brain infections in animals and humans. the major hallmark of the infection is a systemic endothelial infection, predominantly in the cns. infection of brain endothelial cells allows the virus to overcome the blood-brain-barrier (bbb) and to subsequently infect the brain parenchyma. however, the mechanisms of niv replication in endothelial cells are poorly elucidated. we have shown recently that the bipolar or basolateral expre ... | 2010 | 21054904 |
| inhibition of nipah virus infection in vivo: targeting an early stage of paramyxovirus fusion activation during viral entry. | in the paramyxovirus cell entry process, receptor binding triggers conformational changes in the fusion protein (f) leading to viral and cellular membrane fusion. peptides derived from c-terminal heptad repeat (hrc) regions in f have been shown to inhibit fusion by preventing formation of the fusogenic six-helix bundle. we recently showed that the addition of a cholesterol group to hrc peptides active against nipah virus targets these peptides to the membrane where fusion occurs, dramatically in ... | 2010 | 21060819 |
| a functional henipavirus envelope glycoprotein pseudotyped lentivirus assay system. | hendra virus (hev) and nipah virus (niv) are newly emerged zoonotic paramyxoviruses discovered during outbreaks in queensland, australia in 1994 and peninsular malaysia in 1998/9 respectively and classified within the new henipavirus genus. both viruses can infect a broad range of mammalian species causing severe and often-lethal disease in humans and animals, and repeated outbreaks continue to occur. extensive laboratory studies on the host cell infection stage of hev and niv and the roles of t ... | 2010 | 21073718 |
| ubiquitin-regulated nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking of the nipah virus matrix protein is important for viral budding. | paramyxoviruses are known to replicate in the cytoplasm and bud from the plasma membrane. matrix is the major structural protein in paramyxoviruses that mediates viral assembly and budding. curiously, the matrix proteins of a few paramyxoviruses have been found in the nucleus, although the biological function associated with this nuclear localization remains obscure. we report here that the nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking of the nipah virus matrix (niv-m) protein and associated post-translationa ... | 2010 | 21085610 |
| characterization of nipah virus from naturally infected pteropus vampyrus bats, malaysia. | we isolated and characterized nipah virus (niv) from pteropus vampyrus bats, the putative reservoir for the 1998 outbreak in malaysia, and provide evidence of viral recrudescence. this isolate is monophyletic with previous nivs in combined analysis, and the nucleocapsid gene phylogeny species. | 2010 | 21122240 |
| prevalence of henipavirus and rubulavirus antibodies in pteropid bats, papua new guinea. | to determine seroprevalence of viruses in bats in papua new guinea, we sampled 66 bats at 3 locations. we found a seroprevalence of 55% for henipavirus (hendra or nipah virus) and 56% for rubulavirus (tioman or menangle virus). notably, 36% of bats surveyed contained antibodies to both types of viruses, indicating concurrent or consecutive infection. | 2010 | 21122242 |
| complementing defective viruses that express separate paramyxovirus glycoproteins provide a new vaccine vector approach. | replication-defective vaccine vectors based on vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) lacking its envelope glycoprotein gene (g) are highly effective in animal models. however, such δg vectors are difficult to grow because they require complementation with the vsv g protein. in addition, the complementing g protein induces neutralizing antibodies in animals and thus limits multiple vector applications. in the process of generating an experimental nipah virus (a paramyxovirus) vaccine, we generated two ... | 2010 | 21177820 |
| screening for nipah virus infection in west kalimantan province, indonesia. | compared to other viruses, research on nipah virus has been limited in indonesia because attributable disease outbreaks have not been reported. however, nipah virus is a zoonotic biosafety level 4 (bsl4) agent, so strategic monitoring is prudent. farmer interviews and a serologic survey of 610 pig sera and 99 bat sera from west kalimantan province were conducted. farmers reported no recent or historic encephalitic or respiratory disease in themselves, their families, workers or pigs. the survey ... | 2010 | 19638160 |
| a longitudinal study of the prevalence of nipah virus in pteropus lylei bats in thailand: evidence for seasonal preference in disease transmission. | after 12 serial nipah virus outbreaks in humans since 1998, it has been noted that all except the initial event in malaysia occurred during the first 5 months of the year. increasingly higher morbidity and mortality have been observed in subsequent outbreaks in india and bangladesh. this may have been related to different virus strains and transmission capability from bat to human without the need for an amplifying host and direct human-to-human transmission. a survey of virus strains in pteropu ... | 2010 | 19402762 |
| use of infrared camera to understand bats' access to date palm sap: implications for preventing nipah virus transmission. | pteropus bats are commonly infected with nipah virus, but show no signs of illness. human nipah outbreaks in bangladesh coincide with the date palm sap harvesting season. in epidemiologic studies, drinking raw date palm sap is a risk factor for human nipah infection. we conducted a study to evaluate bats' access to date palm sap. we mounted infrared cameras that silently captured images upon detection of motion on date palm trees from 5:00 pm to 6:00 am. additionally, we placed two locally used ... | 2011 | 21207105 |
| emerging tropical diseases in australia. part 5. hendra virus. | hendra virus (hev) was first isolated in 1994, from a disease outbreak involving at least 21 horses and two humans in the brisbane suburb of hendra, australia. the affected horses and humans all developed a severe but unidentified respiratory disease that resulted in the deaths of one of the human cases and the deaths or putting down of 14 of the horses. the virus, isolated by culture from a horse and the kidney of the fatal human case, was initially characterised as a new member of the genus mo ... | 2011 | 21294944 |
| epidemiology. breaking the chain in bangladesh. | 2011 | 21385693 | |
| synthetic protocells interact with viral nanomachinery and inactivate pathogenic human virus. | we present a new antiviral strategy and research tool that could be applied to a wide range of enveloped viruses that infect human beings via membrane fusion. we test this strategy on two emerging zoonotic henipaviruses that cause fatal encephalitis in humans, nipah (niv) and hendra (hev) viruses. in the new approach, artificial cell-like particles (protocells) presenting membrane receptors in a biomimetic manner were developed and found to attract and inactivate henipavirus envelope glycoprotei ... | 2011 | 21390296 |
| interactions of human complement with virus particles containing the nipah virus glycoproteins. | complement is an innate immune response system that most animal viruses encounter during natural infections. we have tested the role of human complement in the neutralization of virus particles harboring the nipah virus (niv) glycoproteins. a luciferase-expressing vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) pseudotype that contained the niv fusion (f) and attachment (g) glycoproteins (nivpp) showed dose- and time-dependent activation of human complement through the alternative pathway. in contrast to our f ... | 2011 | 21450814 |
| triggering of the newcastle disease virus fusion protein by a chimeric attachment protein that binds to nipah virus receptors. | the fusion (f) proteins of newcastle disease virus (ndv) and nipah virus (niv) are both triggered by binding to receptors, mediated in both viruses by a second protein, the attachment protein. however, the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) attachment protein of ndv recognizes sialic acid receptors, whereas the niv g attachment protein recognizes ephrinb2/b3 as receptors. chimeric proteins composed of domains from the two attachment proteins have been evaluated for fusion-promoting activity with e ... | 2011 | 21460213 |
| hendra and nipah infection: pathology, models and potential therapies. | the paramyxoviridae family comprises of several genera that contain emerging or re-emerging threats for human and animal health with no real specific effective treatment available. hendra and nipah virus are members of a newly identified genus of emerging paramyxoviruses, henipavirus. since their discovery in the 1990s, henipaviruses outbreaks have been associated with high economic and public health threat potential. when compared to other paramyxoviruses, henipaviruses appear to have unique ch ... | 2011 | 21488828 |
| vaccine potential of nipah virus-like particles. | nipah virus (niv) was first recognized in 1998 in a zoonotic disease outbreak associated with highly lethal febrile encephalitis in humans and a predominantly respiratory disease in pigs. periodic deadly outbreaks, documentation of person-to-person transmission, and the potential of this virus as an agent of agroterror reinforce the need for effective means of therapy and prevention. in this report, we describe the vaccine potential of niv virus-like particles (niv vlps) composed of three niv pr ... | 2011 | 21494680 |
| modes of paramyxovirus fusion: a henipavirus perspective. | henipavirus is a new genus of paramyxoviridae that uses protein-based receptors (ephrinb2 and ephrinb3) for virus entry. paramyxovirus entry requires the coordinated action of the fusion (f) and attachment viral envelope glycoproteins. receptor binding to the attachment protein triggers f to undergo a conformational cascade that results in membrane fusion. the accumulation of structural and functional studies on many paramyxoviral fusion and attachment proteins, including the recent elucidation ... | 2011 | 21511478 |
| evidence for nipah virus recrudescence and serological patterns of captive pteropus vampyrus. | summarythis study aimed to describe the transmission dynamics, the serological and virus excretion patterns of nipah virus (niv) in pteropus vampyrus bats. bats in captivity were sampled every 7-21 days over a 1-year period. the data revealed five niv serological patterns categorized as high and low positives, waning, decreasing and increasing, and negative in these individuals. the findings strongly suggest that niv circulates in wild bat populations and that antibody could be maintained for lo ... | 2011 | 21524339 |
| genomic characterization of nipah virus, west bengal, india. | an intrafamilial outbreak in west bengal, india, involving 5 deaths and person-to-person transmission was attributed to nipah virus. full-genome sequence of nipah virus (18,252 nt) amplified from lung tissue showed 99.2% nt and 99.8% aa identity with the bangladesh-2004 isolate, suggesting a common source of the virus. | 2011 | 21529409 |
| nipah virus uses leukocytes for efficient dissemination within a host. | nipah virus (niv) is a recently emerged zoonotic paramyxovirus, whose natural reservoirs are several species of pteropus fruit bats. niv provokes a widespread vasculitis often associated with severe encephalitis, with up to 75% mortality in humans. we have analyzed the pathogenesis of niv infection, using human leukocyte cultures and the hamster animal model, which closely reproduces human niv infection. we report that human lymphocytes and monocytes are not permissive for niv and a low level of ... | 2011 | 21593145 |
| clinical outcome of henipavirus infection in hamsters is determined by the route and dose of infection. | nipah (niv) and hendra (hev) viruses are emerging zoonotic viruses and the causative agents of severe respiratory disease and encephalitis in humans. little is known about the mechanisms that govern development of respiratory and neurological disease. using a hamster model of lethal niv and hev infection, we describe the role of route and dose of infection on the clinical outcome and determine virus tropism and host responses following infection. infection of hamster with a high dose of niv or h ... | 2011 | 21593160 |
| determination of phosphorylation site in nipah virus nucleoprotein and its involvement in viral transcription. | many viruses use their host's cellular machinery to regulate the functions of viral proteins. the phosphorylation of viral proteins is known to play a role in genome transcription and replication in paramyxoviruses. the nucleoprotein (n) of paramyxoviruses, the most abundant protein in infected cells, is a component of the n-rna complex and supports the transcription and replication of viral mrna and genomic rna. recently, we reported that the phosphorylation of measles virus nucleoprotein is in ... | 2011 | 21613447 |
| mutations in the g-h loop region of ephrin-b2 can enhance nipah virus binding and infection. | nipah virus (niv) and hendra virus (hev) are zoonotic paramyxoviruses classified in the genus henipavirus of the family paramyxoviridae. the entry of henipaviruses occurs through a ph-independent membrane fusion mechanism mediated by the cooperation of the viral attachment (g) and fusion (f) envelope glycoproteins following virion binding to susceptible host cells. virus attachment is mediated by the g glycoprotein's interaction with ephrin-b2 or ephrin-b3 which were identified as the functional ... | 2011 | 21632558 |
| agricultural intensification, priming for persistence and the emergence of nipah virus: a lethal bat-borne zoonosis. | emerging zoonoses threaten global health, yet the processes by which they emerge are complex and poorly understood. nipah virus (niv) is an important threat owing to its broad host and geographical range, high case fatality, potential for human-to-human transmission and lack of effective prevention or therapies. here, we investigate the origin of the first identified outbreak of niv encephalitis in malaysia and singapore. we analyse data on livestock production from the index site (a commercial ... | 2011 | 21632614 |
| infection of primary neurons mediated by nipah virus envelope proteins: role of host target cells in antiviral action. | we have previously described heterotypic peptides from parainfluenza virus that potently inhibit nipah virus in vitro but are not efficacious in vivo. in contrast, our second-generation inhibitors, featuring a cholesterol moiety, are also efficacious in vivo. the difference between in vitro and in vivo results led us to investigate the basis for this discrepancy. here, we compare the activities of the compounds in standard laboratory cells and in cells relevant to the natural tropism of nipah vi ... | 2011 | 21653662 |
| family and community concerns about post-mortem needle biopsies in a muslim society. | post-mortem needle biopsies have been used in resource-poor settings to determine cause of death and there is interest in using them in bangladesh. however, we did not know how families and communities would perceive this procedure or how they would decide whether or not to consent to a post-mortem needle biopsy. the goal of this study was to better understand family and community concerns and decision-making about post-mortem needle biopsies in this low-income, predominantly muslim country in o ... | 2011 | 21668979 |
| the type i interferon response bridles rabies virus infection and reduces pathogenicity. | rabies virus (rabv) is a neurotropic virus transmitted by the bite of an infected animal that triggers a fatal encephalomyelitis. during its migration in the nervous system (ns), rabv triggers an innate immune response, including a type i ifn response well known to limit viral infections. we showed that although the neuroinvasive rabv strain cvs-niv dampens type i ifn signaling by inhibiting irf3 phosphorylation and stat2 translocation, an early and transient type i ifn response is still trigger ... | 2011 | 21805057 |
| a recombinant hendra virus g glycoprotein-based subunit vaccine protects ferrets from lethal hendra virus challenge. | the henipaviruses, hendra virus (hev) and nipah virus (niv), are two deadly zoonotic viruses for which no vaccines or therapeutics have yet been approved for human or livestock use. in 14 outbreaks since 1994 hev has been responsible for multiple fatalities in horses and humans, with all known human infections resulting from close contact with infected horses. a vaccine that prevents virus shedding in infected horses could interrupt the chain of transmission to humans and therefore prevent hev d ... | 2011 | 21689706 |
| Pteropid bats are confirmed as the reservoir hosts of henipaviruses: a comprehensive experimental study of virus transmission. | Bats of the genus Pteropus have been identified as the reservoir hosts for the henipaviruses Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV). The aim of these studies was to assess likely mechanisms for henipaviruses transmission from bats. In a series of experiments, Pteropus bats from Malaysia and Australia were inoculated with NiV and HeV, respectively, by natural routes of infection. Despite an intensive sampling strategy, no NiV was recovered from the Malaysian bats and HeV was reisolated from onl ... | 2011 | 22049055 |