Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| mitochondrial haplotype diversity among portuguese brown trout salmo trutta l. populations: relevance to the post-pleistocene recolonization of northern europe. | mitochondrial haplotype diversity in seven portuguese populations of brown trout, salmo trutta l., was investigated by sequencing the 5' end of the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) control region. five new haplotypes were described for this species, each two to three mutational steps distant from the common north atlantic haplotype. significant population subdivision of mtdna haplotypes was also apparent. based on these results, as well as on published data describing the distribution of both mtdna hap ... | 2000 | 10849285 |
| impact of mechanical pulp mill effluent on egg hatchability of brown trout. | 2000 | 10856346 | |
| chronology of the appearance of beta, a, and alpha mitochondria-rich cells in the gill epithelium during ontogenesis of the brown trout (salmo trutta). | three types of mitochondria-rich (mr) cells, the alpha, beta, and accessory cells, are observed in the gill epithelium of juvenile and adult freshwater teleosts. in addition to numerous mitochondria, their cytoplasm contains a network of membranous tubules, the tubular system, connected to the laterobasal plasma membrane. because they are believed to play a role in ionic regulation, it is of interest to examine the order of appearance and the ultrastructural characteristics of such cells during ... | 2000 | 10861363 |
| the resting membrane potential of white muscle from brown trout (salmo trutta) exposed to copper in soft, acidic water. | previously, the distribution of ammonia between the intracellular and extracellular compartments has been used to predict a significant depolarisation of the resting membrane potential (e(m)) of white muscle from brown trout (salmo trutta) exposed to a sub-lethal combination of copper and low ph. however, this prediction is based upon two assumptions (i) a relatively high membrane permeability for the ammonium ion with respect to that for ammonia gas and (ii) that this is unaltered by exposure t ... | 2000 | 10862735 |
| copulation of acanthocephalus anguillae (acanthocephala). | a total of 114 specimens of brown trout, salmo trutta linnaeus, 1758, was sampled by electrofishing between october 1998 and july 1999 from the ceresone stream (north of padua, italy). over 63% of fish were infected with three species of helminth: a tapeworm, cyathocephalus truncatus (pallas, 1781), and two acanthocephalan species, echinorhynchus truttae (schrank, 1788) and acanthocephalus anguillae (muller 1780). on three occasions, in the fore-gut of three brown trout, three pairs of a. anguil ... | 2000 | 10894483 |
| myxobolus cerebralis infection in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (salmo trutta) exposed under natural stream conditions. | from early april into mid-june 1977, sequential groups of juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (salmo trutta) were each exposed for 10 days to the parasite myxobolus cerebralis by immersion in a stream inhabited by infected wild trout. following incubation in a m. cerebralis-free facility, trout were subsequently killed, and heads and gill arches were examined by routine histologic methods. a grading scale to quantify lesion severity was developed and applied. percentage ... | 2000 | 10907859 |
| associations between epidermal thionin-positive cells and skin parasitic infections in brown trout salmo trutta. | the dynamics of the densities of epidermal thionin-positive cells (putative mast cells) in the skin of brown trout fry were investigated during experimental infections with the skin parasites ichthyophthirius multifiliis (ciliophora) and gyrodactylus derjavini (monogenea). it was shown that the metachromatic thionin-stained cells were extremely sensitive to parasite exposure, as the density of cells in the skin of trout decreased markedly after exposure to the pathogens. as early as 7 d post inf ... | 2000 | 10918981 |
| identifying migratory salmo trutta using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios. | many salmo trutta populations consist of non-anadromous (freshwater-resident) brown trout and anadromous (sea-run migratory) sea trout. although adult brown trout and sea trout can usually be identified using differences in size and body colouration, it is not possible to easily identify eggs/alevins as the progeny of brown trout or sea trout. in this study we show that delta(13)c and delta(15)n, measured using a continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer (cf-irms), can accurately identify ... | 2000 | 10920350 |
| metal accumulation and metallothionein in two populations of brown trout, salmo trutta, exposed to different natural water environments during a run-off episode. | cd, cu and zn concentrations were measured in ambient water as well as in gills, liver and kidney tissues of two natural populations of brown trout (salmo trutta) during a run-off episode in two rivers with different metal compositions due to mining pollution. metallothionein (mt) was also measured in these tissues. the two rivers, rugla (cu contaminated) and naustebekken (cd and zn contaminated), are located in two neighboring drainage basins separated by the topographic divide near the city of ... | 2000 | 10967393 |
| mitochondrial haplotype variation and phylogeography of iberian brown trout populations. | the biogeographical distribution of brown trout mitochondrial dna haplotypes throughout the iberian peninsula was established by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment polymorphism analysis. the study of 507 specimens from 58 localities representing eight widely separated atlantic-slope (north and west iberian coasts) and six mediterranean drainage systems served to identify five main groups of mitochondrial haplotypes: (i) haplotypes corresponding to non-native, hatchery-reared brown tr ... | 2000 | 10972772 |
| brown trout 5s rdna maps to chromosome 38. | 2000 | 11117365 | |
| a highly polymorphic plasma protein locus in brown trout (salmo trutta l.) populations from portugal. | genetic polymorphism of an unidentified plasma protein (px) is described for the first time in salmo trutta (l.) by means of isoelectric focusing. the analysis of 414 individuals from different geographic origins in portugal allowed the identification of nine alleles. heterozygosity in natural populations is generally above 0.60, thus giving similar values to those reported for brown trout microsatellite loci. substructuring of portuguese brown trout is evident between northern and southern basi ... | 2000 | 11131336 |
| in situ hybridisation identifies the gill as a portal of entry for pkx (phylum myxozoa), the causative agent of proliferative kidney disease in salmonids. | pkx (phylum myxozoa) is an important pathogen affecting salmonid culture in western europe and north america. all of the available oligonucleotide probes developed for the pcr amplification of pkx dna were examined for their ability to detect pkx in fixed tissue sections using in situ hybridisation. out of the 12 probes examined, only four stained pkx in tissue sections. the specificity of these probes to pkx was examined by testing them individually against a range of myxosporean infections. on ... | 2000 | 11133109 |
| a population analysis of the structure and variability of nor in salmo trutta by ag, cma3 and ish. | an analysis of the variation in the number and location of rdna genes has been carried out in two populations of brown trout (salmo trutta) from poland by using ag and cma3-staining, and rdna in situ hybridisation. we observed an interindividual variation in arm number with nf = 100, 101, and 102. this variation was connected with the size polymorphism of the short (nor-bearing) arm of the chromosome pair 11. the population studied showed a multichromosomal distribution of active nors. atypical ... | 2000 | 11138938 |
| time-course changes in the expression of na+, k+-atpase in gills and pyloric caeca of brown trout (salmo trutta) during acclimation to seawater. | changes in protein and mrna expression of na(+),k(+)-atpase in gills and pyloric caeca of brown trout were investigated on a detailed time course after transfer from freshwater to 25 ppt seawater (sw). a transient deflection in plasma osmolality and muscle water content lasting from 4 h until day 3 was followed by restoration of hydromineral balance from day 5 onward. gills and pyloric caeca responded to sw transfer by increasing na(+),k(+)-atpase activity from days 5 and 3, respectively, onward ... | 2000 | 11009398 |
| similarity of vasorelaxant effects of natriuretic peptides in isolated blood vessels of salmonids. | natriuretic peptides (nps) have been implicated in cardiovascular regulation in rainbow trout (oncorhyncus mykiss), and it has been observed that the vasorelaxant activity of distinct trout and human nps is similar in isolated trout arteries. this study characterizes the response of a variety of vessels from rainbow trout and other salmonids to different nps. the effects of heterologous (rat atrial and human atrial) and homologous (rainbow trout atrial and rainbow trout ventricular) nps were exa ... | 2000 | 11009403 |
| the genetic diversity of native, stocked and hybrid populations of marble trout in the soca river, slovenia. | the marble trout (salmo marmoratus) is an endangered species in slovenia (and in italy, croatia and albania) because of hybridization resulting from intensive stocking. eleven populations of trout from the soca river basin (slovenia) were analysed using 31 presumptive enzyme loci. three european control samples representing the main european genotypes of brown trout were also analysed. this analysis confirmed the existence of extensive hybridization in the main river, resulting in an equal mixtu ... | 2000 | 11012732 |
| conventional armament wastes induce micronuclei in wild brown trout salmo trutta. | we analysed micronuclei in brown trout salmo trutta specimens sampled in the trubia river, upstream and downstream of the emissions from a spanish military factory to assess genotoxicity risks derived from military wastes. a significant exponential increase in micronuclei counts was found in fish living downstream of the military wastes with respect to fishes inhabiting upstream areas of the same river. in comparison, we only found a linear increase in micronuclei counts in a control stream wher ... | 2000 | 11027972 |
| exposure of brown trout, salmo trutta, to a sub-lethal concentration of copper in soft acidic water: effects upon muscle metabolism and membrane potential. | brown trout acclimated to soft water and exposed for 96 h to a sub-lethal concentration of copper at low ph (0.08 micromol l(-1) cu, ph 5) have a lower critical swimming speed than fish from copper-free water at neutral ph. this loss of performance is not due to difficulties in oxygen transfer resulting from gill damage since arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide levels remain unaffected. both red and white muscle showed some metabolic disruptions consistent with local hypoxia, namely a high lactat ... | 2000 | 11064128 |
| distribution of choline acetyltransferase (chat) immunoreactivity in the brain of the adult trout and tract-tracing observations on the connections of the nuclei of the isthmus. | the distribution of cholinergic neurons and fibers was studied in the brain and rostral spinal cord of the brown trout and rainbow trout by using an antiserum against the enzyme choline acetyltransferase (chat). cholinergic neurons were observed in the ventral telencephalon, preoptic region, habenula, thalamus, hypothalamus, magnocellular superficial pretectal nucleus, optic tectum, isthmus, cranial nerve motor nuclei, and spinal cord. in addition, new cholinergic groups were detected in the vas ... | 2000 | 11074445 |
| population genetic structure of brown trout (salmo trutta l.) within a northern boreal forest stream. | brown trout (salmo trutta l.) population genetic structure and its temporal stability were studied within a small forest stream in central sweden using five microsatellite loci. both resident and migrating brown trout are present in the watershed. tissue samples were collected from seven sections of the stream during two consecutive years. no differences were found in multilocus fst estimates between years within sections except in one case. moreover, differences between age cohorts within sampl ... | 2000 | 11075512 |
| some aspects of hepatic function in feral brown trout, salmo trutta, living in metal contaminated water. | brown trout, salmo trutta, exposed to heavy metals (mainly cd and zn) for at least 2 years in the eagle river, colorado, were examined for liver size and activity of the growth-promoting enzyme, ornithine decarboxylase (odc) and compared to trout living in an uncontaminated site. liver-somatic index (lsi) was greater for trout living in the uncontaminated site with the lsi of females being significantly greater than that of males. the lsi for females at the uncontaminated site was greater than t ... | 2000 | 11081414 |
| richness and diversity of intestinal metazoan communities in brown trout salmo trutta compared to those of eels anguilla anguilla in their european heartlands. | the hypothesis that intestinal helminth communities in freshwater brown trout are dissimilar in composition and structure to those in the european eel was tested by an analysis of component communities from 72 localities and of infracommunities from 34 localities in the british isles and norway. derived indices were then compared with published data from eels. composition of helminth communities differed considerably between the two hosts as a group of 4 species occurred commonly in trout and so ... | 2000 | 11085225 |
| juxtaposed microsatellite systems as diagnostic markers for admixture: an empirical evaluation with brown trout (salmo trutta) as model organism. | a juxtaposed microsatellite system (jms) is composed of two microsatellite repeat arrays separated by a sequence of less than 200 bp and more than 20 bp. this paper presents the first empirical evaluation of jmss for the study of genetic admixture induced by man, with brown trout (salmo trutta) as model organism. two distinct admixture situations were studied: native populations from streams of the atlantic basin and of the mediterranean basin, respectively, all stocked with domestic strains ori ... | 2000 | 11091323 |
| development of thyrotropin-releasing hormone immunoreactivity in the brain of the brown trout salmo trutta fario. | the development and adult distribution of thyrotropin-releasing hormone-immunoreactive (trhir) neurons in the brain of the brown trout, salmo trutta fario, was studied with the streptavidin-biotin immunohistochemical method. study of embryos, alevin, and juveniles revealed groups of trhir neurons in the mesencephalon and rhombencephalon that have not been noted previously in adult teleosts. the earliest trhir cells observed were those of the trigeminal motor nucleus, which expressed this substan ... | 2001 | 11116222 |
| the environmental consequences of alien species in the swedish lakes mälaren, hjälmaren, vänern and vättern. | twenty alien species have become established in the lakes mälaren, vänern, vättern and hjälmaren. intentional introductions include fish and the signal crayfish from north america, ornamental plants, and the canada goose. unintentional introductions include the crayfish plague introduced with infected crayfish, the zebra mussel, and chinese mitten crab introduced with ballast water. the introduction of pathogens and parasites, in particular the crayfish plague, to the lakes has had the greatest ... | 2001 | 11878025 |
| effluent from a sewage treatment works causes changes in serum chemistry of brown trout (salmo trutta l.). | to evaluate the impact of effluent from a sewage treatment works on fish health, serum chemistry variables were investigated in brown trout (salmo trutta l.) held in cages (active monitoring) and wild brown trout (passive monitoring). means of the measured serum parameters of the different treatment groups were close or within normal ranges. however, the results of the active monitoring demonstrated that the serum variables of reference trout held in tap water were clearly different from those o ... | 2001 | 11161688 |
| presence and development of thyrotropin-releasing hormone-immunoreactive amacrine cells in the retina of a teleost, the brown trout (salmo trutta fario). | the presence of thyrotropin-releasing hormone-immunoreactive (trhir) amacrine cells is described for the first time in the retina of a teleost. these amacrine cells were mostly located in the inner nuclear layer, with occasional perikarya in the ganglion cell layer. their processes formed a conspicuous plexus at the level of the ganglion cell perikarya. the trhir amacrine cells appeared in posthatching stages, with the total number in retinas of juveniles approximately four times the number of c ... | 2001 | 11165776 |
| cadmium-binding to transferrin in the plasma of the common carp cyprinus carpio. | in this study, it was investigated by autoradiography with radioactive cadmium after western blotting of two-dimensional electrophoresis gels, to which proteins cadmium is mainly bound in plasma of common carp cyprinus carpio. the obtained results demonstrate that in carp plasma, cadmium is primarily bound to two high molecular weight proteins. relative small amounts are bound to a protein with m(r) approximately 60000. the other metal-binding protein, with m(r) approximately 70000 and pi approx ... | 2001 | 11166673 |
| experience and social environment influence the ability of young brown trout to forage on live novel prey. | efficient feeding is crucial for the growth, survival and reproductive success of most animals. in artificial-rearing environments, however, animals are deprived of many stimuli normally experienced in the wild, which may alter feeding behaviour, and thus influence their survival and reproductive success upon release in nature. in a laboratory experiment, we investigated the effect of hatchery rearing on the ability of brown trout, salmo trutta, to capture and consume a novel live prey item. hat ... | 2001 | 11170714 |
| rapid modulation of na+/k+-atpase activity in osmoregulatory tissues of a salmonid fish. | the effects of cyclic amp on na+/k+-atpase activity were studied in the gill and kidney of the euryhaline brown trout salmo trutta using two different experimental approaches. in the first series of experiments, in situ na+/k+-atpase activity was analyzed by measuring the ouabain-sensitive uptake of non-radioactive rubidium (rb+) into gill cells and blocks of gill and kidney tissue. rubidium uptake was linear for at least 30 min and was significantly inhibited by 1 mmol x l(-1) ouabain. several ... | 2001 | 11171352 |
| the calcium-dependent [3h]acetylcholine release from synaptosomes of brown trout (salmo trutta) optic tectum is inhibited by adenosine a1 receptors: effects of enucleation on a1 receptor density and cholinergic markers. | presynaptic inhibition is one of the major control mechanisms in the cns. previously we reported that a1 adenosine receptors are highly concentrated in the brain, including optic tectum, of trout and that they inhibited the release of glutamate. the optic tectum is heavily innervated by cholinergic nerve terminals. we have investigated whether a1 receptors inhibit the presynaptic release of acetylcholine and whether the inhibition is triggered by calcium. the release of [3h]ach evoked by 30 mm k ... | 2001 | 11172751 |
| modes of salmonid mhc class i and ii evolution differ from the primate paradigm. | rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (salmo trutta) represent two salmonid genera separated for 15--20 million years. cdna sequences were determined for the classical mhc class i heavy chain gene uba and the mhc class ii beta-chain gene dab from 15 rainbow and 10 brown trout. both genes are highly polymorphic in both species and diploid in expression. the mhc class i alleles comprise several highly divergent lineages that are represented in both species and predate genera separati ... | 2001 | 11207285 |
| metal accumulation and metallothionein in brown trout, salmo trutta, from two norwegian rivers differently contaminated with cd, cu and zn. | in this work we have studied the accumulation of heavy metals in two brown trout (salmo trutta) populations in their natural environment and the participation of metal binding to metallothionein (mt) in this process. cd, cu and zn concentrations, total mt (including cu mt) and cd/zn mt were measured in the gills, liver and kidney of trout inhabiting two rivers, one cu-contaminated and the other cd/zn-contaminated, located at røros, central norway. in both populations, high levels of cu were foun ... | 2001 | 11239832 |
| thermal sensitivity of growth, food intake and activity of juvenile brown trout. | growth rate, food intake and activity of juvenile brown trout (salmo trutta l.) were studied at 10 constant temperatures (2.6-22.3 degrees c) and using eight full-sib families. we found between-family differences in growth rate but not significant temperaturexfamily interaction. the effects of temperature were well described by polynomial regressions that allowed the calculation of optima, performance breadths and thermal limits. the obtained values were noticeably higher and the performance bre ... | 2001 | 11240221 |
| partial nucleotide sequences, and routine typing by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, of the brown trout (salmo trutta) lactate dehydrogenase, ldh-c1*90 and *100 alleles. | the cdna nucleotide sequences of the lactate dehydrogenase alleles ldh-c1*90 and *100 of brown trout (salmo trutta) were found to differ at position 308 where an a is present in the *100 allele but a g is present in the *90 allele. this base substitution results in an amino acid change from aspartic acid at position 82 in the ldh-c1 100 allozyme to a glycine in the 90 allozyme. since aspartic acid has a net negative charge whilst glycine is uncharged, this is consistent with the electrophoretic ... | 2001 | 11251784 |
| age and longevity in fish, with consideration of the ferox trout. | in the first part of this paper, we review the evolutionary aspects of age and longevity in fish and then summarize the theory of maturity due to ray beverton. this theory allows one to predict age at maturity (and thus a putative point for the onset of senescence) from information on growth rate and mortality rate. we illustrate the application of this theory with data on tilapia species and then discuss the limitations of the theory. in the second part of the paper, we develop an individual ba ... | 2001 | 11295513 |
| the evolutionary history of brown trout (salmo trutta l.) inferred from phylogeographic, nested clade, and mismatch analyses of mitochondrial dna variation. | phylogeographic, nested clade, and mismatch analyses of mitochondrial dna (mtdna) variation were used to infer the temporal dynamics of distributional and demographic history of brown trout (salmo trutta). both new and previously published data were analyzed for 1,794 trout from 174 populations. this combined analysis improved our knowledge of the complex evolutionary history of brown trout throughout its native eurasian and north african range of distribution in many ways. it confirmed the exis ... | 2001 | 11308093 |
| receptors for insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) predominate over insulin receptors in skeletal muscle throughout the life cycle of brown trout, salmo trutta. | insulin and igf-i binding has been studied in brown trout (salmo trutta) wheat germ agglutinin semipurified receptors from embryos (organogenesis), larvae (yolk sac), juveniles (2.98 +/- 0.21 g bw) and adults (111.6 +/- 6.92 and 522 +/- 53 g bw). embryos and larvae were sampled at 5 and 12 weeks after fertilization (december 1999 and february 2000) and juvenile and adults were taken simultaneously (july 1999) and under the same feeding conditions to minimize potential nutritional and seasonal ef ... | 2001 | 11316420 |
| plasma cortisol concentrations before and after social stress in rainbow trout and brown trout. | two related experiments examined the relationship between plasma cortisol concentrations and the development of social hierarchies in fish. in the first, rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and brown trout, salmo trutta, were observed for dominance interactions when confined within single-species pairs for 4, 48, or 168 h. subordinate members of a pair exhibited significantly higher cortisol concentrations than dominant and single fish, but the pattern of cortisol elevation differed between the ... | 2001 | 11331510 |
| the hepatocytes of the brown trout (salmo trutta f. fario): a quantitative study using design-based stereology. | a stereological study was performed on brown trout hepatocytes aiming to disclose whether there are basic gender differences when minimal levels of sex hormones exist, and also to establish a platform for both interspecific comparisons and physiological correlations. we used the so-called "design-based stereology" (with no shape, size or orientation assumptions) and also some new related statistics. two-year-old brown trout were collected in april, and the livers were fixed by perfusion. from li ... | 2001 | 11332698 |
| mesophilic aeromonads in wild and aquacultured freshwater fish. | numbers and species of motile aeromonas were determined in freshly caught freshwater fish, in the surrounding environment, and also during iced chilled storage of fish specimens. although no significant differences were observed in water samples, initial levels for skin, gill, and intestines were significantly lower in farmed rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) than in wild brown trout (salmo trutta) and pike (esox lucius). during storage of wild specimens, naturally occurring aeromonads grew fa ... | 2001 | 11348001 |
| a probabilistic model for silver bioaccumulation in aquatic systems and assessment of human health risks. | silver (ag) is discharged in wastewater effluents and is also a component in a proposed secondary water disinfectant. a steady-state model was developed to simulate bioaccumulation in aquatic biota and assess ecological and human health risks. trophic levels included phytoplankton, invertebrates, brown trout, and common carp. uptake routes included water, food, or sediment. based on an extensive review of the literature, distributions were derived for most inputs for use in monte carlo simulatio ... | 2001 | 11351445 |
| regional distribution of nitric oxide synthase and nadph-diaphorase activities in the central nervous system of teleosts. | neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nnos) and nadph-diaphorase activities were investigated in discrete areas of the central nervous system of goldfish and brown trout. both species showed a similar distribution pattern of nnos activity with regional differences in all examined areas. telencephalon and hypothalamus showed the highest nnos values, while in the goldfish cerebellum and its valvula nnos was not detectable. in both species, nadph-diaphorase activity showed a lower regional variability, c ... | 2001 | 11368968 |
| haplotype (mtdna) diversity of brown trout salmo trutta in tributaries of the austrian danube: massive introgression of atlantic basin fish--by man or nature? | mitochondrial haplotype diversity in 27 populations of brown trout, salmo trutta l., in austria was investigated by sequencing the 5' end of the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) control region. although all populations are within the danube drainage, 44% of all individuals carried atlantic basin haplotypes. it is argued that the presence of these haplotypes in austria primarily reflects introgression stemming from the stocking of hatchery-reared fish. however, several lines of evidence suggest that som ... | 2001 | 11380880 |
| morphological organ alterations and infectious diseases in brown trout salmo trutta and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss exposed to polluted river water. | poor water quality is discussed as a major factor causing a decline of brown trout populations in swiss rivers. for our study we have chosen a river in the swiss midlands, where the brown trout population has decreased dramatically during the last 10 yr and where feral fish have shown distinctive pathological alterations. the objective of our study was to investigate whether river water may be responsible for impaired fish health leading to an increased mortality in the river. in an active monit ... | 2001 | 11383563 |
| metallothionein as bioindicator of freshwater metal pollution: european eel and brown trout. | the aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of metallothionein (mt) as a bioindicator of heavy metal pollution in brown trout and european eel in the field situation. river ferrerias (north spain) provided a good gradient of metal contamination: concentrations of heavy metals were elevated both in water and in sediments at the downstream (polluted) site and were low at the upstream (unpolluted) site. mt levels of brown trout exhibited statistically significant differences between sites. a ... | 2001 | 11386716 |
| alternative mating strategies in atlantic salmon and brown trout. | by screening variable number of tandem repeat (vntr) loci, multiple paternity within clutches has been found in wild populations of southern european atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and brown trout (salmo trutta). for atlantic salmon, we determined the relative contribution of alternative male phenotypes to the next generation. individual males that are morphologically juvenile yet sexually mature fertilized a large proportion of eggs, and they thereby contributed to an increase of genetic variabi ... | 2001 | 11396572 |
| allozymic evidence of parapatric differentiation of brown trout (salmo trutta l.) within an atlantic river basin of the iberian peninsula. | the genetic variation of brown trout from duero, one of the main atlantic iberian river basins, was assessed at 34 enzymatic loci in 62 native populations. a strong intrabasin differentiation was detected (g(st) = 0.46; range d: 0-0.066), mainly attributable to the existence of two divergent groups of populations within duero: southern and northern groups. this divergence was mainly a consequence of the unequal distribution of *75 and *100 alleles at smdh-b1,2* isoloci, which were correlated wit ... | 2001 | 11412368 |
| genetic structure of brown trout (salmo trutta, l.) populations from south-western france: data from mitochondrial control region variability. | the genetic relationships between several french atlantic populations of brown trout were analysed using polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism and sequencing of two parts of the mitochondrial control region. ten mitochondrial haplotypes were identified, separated by a small number of mutations. the distribution of these haplotypes confirmed our hypothesis of the existence of two genetically well-differentiated groups of populations in this area, which has already been ... | 2001 | 11412375 |
| nonuniform accumulation of cadmium and copper in kidneys of wild brown trout (salmo trutta) populations. | cadmium and copper accumulated nonuniformly in the kidney of wild brown trout on a longitudinal gradient as follows: the concentration in head kidney < anterior portion of tail kidney < posterior portion(s) of tail kidney. zinc accumulated uniformly along the length of the kidney. cadmium and copper accumulation in brown trout kidneys was lowest in the head kidney, where hematopoietic tissue dominates, and greatest in posterior tail sections, where filtration tissues dominate. sampling programs ... | 2001 | 11443369 |
| common sculpin cottus gobio as a natural paratenic host of proteocephalus longicollis (cestoda: proteocephalidae), a parasite of salmonids, in europe. | common sculpins cottus gobio l. (pisces: cottidae), from the mlýnský brook near ceské zleby in the sumava national park, southwestern bohemia, czech republic, were found to harbour in their intestines juvenile cestodes proteocephalus longicollis (zeder, 1800), a common parasite of holarctic salmonids, with a prevalence of 60% and intensity of 1 to 11 (mean 5) parasites per fish; undoubtedly, these prey fish serve as paratenic hosts. in this locality, the definitive host of p. longicollis is the ... | 2001 | 11463104 |
| population analysis of an unusual nor-site polymorphism in brown trout (salmo trutta l.). | a population analysis of an unusual nor-site polymorphism previously detected in brown trout (salmo trutta l.) from north-western spain was carried out in 225 individuals from 20 native populations from this area. the analysis performed has permitted us to reveal: (i) the ubiquity of this phenomenon in most river basins from nw spain, 13 extra-nors not observed in standard trout being detected; (ii) the rdna constitution of all extra-nors, as confirmed by cma3-staining and rdna-fish, and their c ... | 2001 | 11488966 |
| are chemical alarm cues conserved within salmonid fishes? | a wide diversity of fishes possess chemical alarm signalling systems. however, it is not known whether the specific chemicals that act as alarm signals are conserved within most taxonomic groups. in this study we tested whether cross-species responses to chemical alarm signals occurred within salmonid fishes. in separate laboratory experiments, we exposed brook charr (salvelinus fontinalis), brown trout (salmo trutta), and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to chemical alarm signals from each o ... | 2001 | 11521402 |
| hepatocyte fatty acid desaturation and polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of liver in salmonids: effects of dietary vegetable oil. | the desaturation and elongation of [1-(14)c]18:3n-3 was investigated in hepatocytes from different populations and three different species of salmonids indigenous to scotland, brown trout, atlantic salmon and arctic charr. two groups of fish were sampled, before and after they were fed two experimental diets, a control diet containing fish oil and a diet containing vegetable oil (a 1:1 blend of linseed and rapeseed oils) for 12 weeks. at each sampling time, fatty acyl desaturation and elongation ... | 2001 | 11544096 |
| distribution of individual inbreeding coefficients, relatedness and influence of stocking on native anadromous brown trout (salmo trutta) population structure. | we examined polymorphism at seven microsatellite loci in 4023 brown trout (salmo trutta) collected from 32 tributaries to the limfjord, denmark (approximately 200 km) and from two hatcheries used for stocking. populations differ in their estimated sizes and stocking histories. mean individual inbreeding coefficients do not differ among locations within rivers. relatedness varies between sites within rivers indicating varied local dynamics at a very small geographical scale. relatedness is someti ... | 2001 | 11555255 |
| naturalized salmonid populations occur in the presence of elevated trace element concentrations and temperatures in the firehole river, yellowstone national park, wyoming, usa. | we investigated the effects of geothermally influenced waters on the distribution of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and brown trout, salmo trutta, in the firehole river and its tributaries in yellowstone national park (wy, usa) from june 1997 to june 1998. geothermal features in the firehole river basin elevate mineral content and temperature in portions of the river and its tributaries. we found concentrations of boron and arsenic to be elevated in geothermally influenced areas compared wi ... | 2001 | 11596769 |
| infectious salmon anaemia virus in wild fish from scotland. | following the outbreak of infectious salmon anaemia (isa) at salmon farms in scotland, uk, a survey was established to determine the extent of infection in wild fish. all fish tested were free from the clinical symptoms of isa. isolations of isav were made from 5 sea trout within areas where isa affected salmon farms were located. evidence for isav in other sea trout was provided by isa rt-pcr diagnostic tests. results from isa rt-pcr tests reveal evidence for isav being present in salmon parr, ... | 2001 | 11678233 |
| toxicity of waters from two streams to early life stages of brown trout (salmo trutta f. fario l.), tested under semi-field conditions. | the development of brown trout (salmo trutta f. fario l.) in water of two differently polluted streams and in a control situation was monitored in order to get insights into the impact of anthropogenic chemical stressors on the reproductive success of this fish species indigenous to both streams. the test streams, situated in the south of stuttgart, germany, were the complexly polluted körsch stream and the less polluted krähenbach stream. bypass systems connected to the streams and a laboratory ... | 2001 | 11680753 |
| evolution of the mitochondrial control region in palaearctic brown trout (salmo trutta) populations: the biogeographical role of the iberian peninsula. | in order to extend present knowledge of brown trout phylogeography in the palaearctic, we analysed the complete mitochondrial d-loop sequence (1025-1027 bp) of all mitochondrial haplotypes of salmo trutta found in the iberian peninsula and one north african haplotype. sequence variation in the mitochondrial control region serves to identify four major haplotype groups within the iberian peninsula, i.e. atlantic, duero, mediterranean and andalusian. including the iberian haplotypes, the five main ... | 2001 | 11703510 |
| genetic evidence for mixed origin of recolonized sea trout populations. | anadromous brown trout along the norwegian skagerrak coast are genetically differentiated among streams, and there are indications of further substructuring within some streams. among presumably long-standing populations there is a pattern of increased genetic differentiation with distance, indicating an isolation-by-distance effect. for trout that inhabit streams that have recently been recolonized after the extinction of trout because of acidification, we find evidence for a mixed origin of th ... | 2001 | 11703511 |
| distribution and development of fmrfamide-like immunoreactive neuronal systems in the brain of the brown trout, salmo trutta fario. | the distribution of phe-met-arg-phe-amide (fmrfamide) peptide-immunoreactive (fmrf-ir) cells and fibers in the terminal nerve and central nervous system was investigated in developing stages and adults of the brown trout, salmo trutta fario. the first fmrf-ir neurons appeared in the terminal nerve system of 8-mm embryos in and below the olfactory placode. in the brain, fmrf-ir neurons were first observed in the rostral hypothalamus, primordial hypothalamic lobe, mesencephalic laminar nucleus, an ... | 2001 | 11745607 |
| associations and interactions among intestinal helminths of the brown trout, salmo trutta, in northern italy. | species co-occurrences and interspecific associations between intensity of infection were studied in helminth communities of three populations of brown trout, salmo trutta, from northern italy. of the eight helminth species, only four were common enough to be included in the analyses: pomphorhynchus laevis, acanthocephalus anguillae, echinorhynchus truttae and cyathocephalus truncatus. the observed frequencies of co-occurrences of the different species, based on presence/absence data, did not di ... | 2001 | 11818049 |
| chromosome painting supports lack of homology among sex chromosomes in oncorhynchus, salmo, and salvelinus (salmonidae). | the sex chromosome pair has been identified previously as the largest submetacentric pair in the genome in several species of the genus salvelinus (eastern trouts and chars) including s. namaycush (lake trout) and as a large subtelocentric/acrocentric pair in several species of the genus oncorhynchus (pacific trouts and salmon). sex chromosomes have not been identified in salmo (atlantic salmon and brown trout). two paint probes, one specific for the short arm (yp) and the other for the long arm ... | 2001 | 11841160 |
| gene mapping in fishes: a means to an end. | genetic research in fishes is poised to contribute a vast amount of information on the structural organization and function of vertebrate genomes. recent advances in molecular biology have made possible the widescale characterization of genomes in all living organisms. this includes defining chromosomes at the cytological level down to their linear composition at individual nucleotide base pairs. pioneering gene mapping studies into the genomes of fishes will only serve as the starting point for ... | 2001 | 11841175 |
| isolation and characterisation of rhabdovirus from wild common bream abramis brama, roach rutilus rutilus, farmed brown trout salmo trutta and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss in northern ireland. | rhabdovirus was isolated from wild common bream abramis brama during a disease outbreak with high mortality in northern ireland during may 1998. rhabdovirus was also isolated at the same time from healthy farmed rainbow oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout salmo trutta on the same stretch of river and 11 mo later from healthy wild bream and roach rutilus rutilus in the same river system. experimental intra-peritoneal infection of bream and mirror carp cyprinus carpio var specularis with 2 of thes ... | 2001 | 11843142 |
| mature atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) male parr are attracted to ovulated female urine but not to ovarian fluid. | the behavioral responses to urine and ovarian fluids from conspecific and heterospecific ovulated females were studied in mature atlantic salmon (salmo salar) male parr in a two-choice fluviarium. the males reacted differently to the stimulants. they spent more time in water scented by urine from salmon or brown trout (salmo trutta l.) females compared to the time in water with ovarian fluids from salmon females. furthermore, the males were attracted to salmon female urine (different from an ind ... | 2002 | 11868677 |
| comparative study of the purification and characterization of the cytosolic glutathione s-transferases from two salmonid species: atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and brown trout (salmo trutta). | in the present report, an efficient method for isolating multiple cytosolic forms of glutathione s-transferases from liver and kidney cytosolic samples of two salmonid species (brown trout and atlantic salmon) is described, and some of the multiple properties of these enzymes are presented. glutathione s-transferases were partially purified by low-pressure affinity chromatography on a column with glutathione coupled to agarose, which retained an average of 89.47% of the total activity. the gst a ... | 2002 | 11879788 |
| use of blood parameters in fish to assess acidic stress and chloride pollution in french running waters. | the study investigated whether plasmatic parameters in fish such as cl- content could serve as physiological indicators to evaluate water quality. the variations of plasma cl- content in two fish species caught in a wide range of rivers representative of the hydrographic system of lorraine (n-e france) were investigated. first, we studied autochthonous populations of chub (leuciscus cephalus) which is a widespread species in the rivers of lorraine. organisms living in highly mineralised rivers ( ... | 2002 | 11996122 |
| comparison of the macroparasite communities of wild and stocked brown trout (salmo trutta l.) in the west of ireland. | the aim of the present study was to compare the helminth infra and component communities of wild and stocked brown trout in lough feeagh, in the west of ireland, and also to examine the establishment and development of helminth communities in stocked brown trout. fish were sampled in may, august and november 1997 and 1998 and an additional sample of wild brown trout was examined in april 1997. in total 217 wild trout and 122 stocked trout were examined. the acanthocephalans acanthocephalus clavu ... | 2002 | 12003067 |
| estimating the long-term effects of stocking domesticated trout into wild brown trout (salmo trutta) populations: an approach using microsatellite dna analysis of historical and contemporary samples. | indigenous salmonid fish gene pools are affected by domesticated conspecifics, derived from aquaculture escapes and deliberate releases. variability was examined at nine microsatellite loci in order to assess the long-term impact of stocking domesticated trout in two brown trout populations. the study was based on analysis of two historical samples (1945-56), represented by old scale collections, and seven contemporary samples (1986-2000). in one population historical and contemporary samples we ... | 2002 | 12030979 |
| physiological regulation of the expression of a glut4 homolog in fish skeletal muscle. | we have recently cloned a glucose transporter from brown trout muscle (btglut) with high sequence homology to mammalian glut4 that is predominantly expressed in red and white skeletal muscle, the two major sites of glucose uptake in trout. to study the physiological regulation of this putative fish glut4, we have investigated the expression of btglut in red and white skeletal muscle of trout in which blood insulin levels have been altered experimentally. the expression of btglut in red muscle in ... | 2002 | 12067841 |
| dynamics of na(+),k(+),2cl(-) cotransporter and na(+),k(+)-atpase expression in the branchial epithelium of brown trout (salmo trutta) and atlantic salmon (salmo salar). | the dynamics of branchial na(+),k(+),2cl(-) cotransporter (nkcc) and na(+),k(+)-atpase (nka) expression were investigated in brown trout and atlantic salmon during salinity shifts and the parr-smolt transformation, respectively. in the brown trout, western blotting revealed that nkcc and nka abundance increased gradually and in parallel (30- and ten-fold, respectively) after transfer to seawater (sw). the nka hydrolytic activity increased ten-fold after sw-transfer. following back-transfer to fr ... | 2002 | 12115907 |
| the role of nuclear genes in intraspecific evolutionary inference: genealogy of the transferrin gene in the brown trout. | technical and biological hurdles have precluded the retrieval of nuclear gene genealogies within most species. among these obstacles, the possibility of intragenic recombination is one of the most demanding challenges. we studied the utility of nuclear genes for intraspecific evolutionary inferences by selecting a nuclear gene that exhibits patterns of considerable geographic differentiation in the brown trout (salmo trutta) species complex. haplotype variation from a nucleotide sequence of appr ... | 2002 | 12140239 |
| uptake and elimination of radiocaesium in fish and the "size effect.". | a number of hypotheses have previously been developed concerning the rates of uptake and elimination of radiocaesium (137cs) in fish. these include the influence of potassium and other water chemical parameters on both uptake and elimination, and the effect of fish size on accumulation. in order to test these hypotheses, we have assembled a data set comprising more than 1,000 measurements of radiocaesium (137cs) in predatory fish (perch, pike and brown trout) in nine european lakes during the ye ... | 2002 | 12171468 |
| unique haplotypes of co-segregating major histocompatibility class ii a and class ii b alleles in atlantic salmon (salmo salar) give rise to diverse class ii genotypes. | sequence-based typing of a breeding population (g1) consisting of 84 atlantic salmon individuals revealed the presence of 7 sasa-daa and 7 sasa-dab expressed alleles. subsequent typing of 1,182 individuals belonging to 33 families showed that sasa-daa and sasa-dab segregate as haplotypes. in total seven unique haplotypes were established, with frequencies in the population studied ranging from 0.01 to 0.49. each haplotype is characterized by a unique minisatellite marker size embedded in the 3' ... | 2002 | 12185536 |
| natural and artificial secondary contact in brown trout (salmo trutta, l.) in the french western pyrenees assessed by allozymes and microsatellites. | analysis of allozyme polymorphism in brown trout (salmo trutta) populations from south-western france shows that two genetically differentiated wild forms (characterised by the ldh-c1*100 and 90 alleles) introgress in this area. as allozymes could not evaluate the impact of stocking in the atlantic basin, microsatellites have been necessary to detect the influence of hatchery fish and to confirm that the observed structure was natural. microsatellites confirm the distinctness of the two wild for ... | 2002 | 12209387 |
| analysis of two igm isotypes in atlantic salmon and brown trout. | atlantic salmon (salmo salar) possesses two distinct subpopulations of polymeric igm which are separable by anion exchange chromatography. consistent with this finding there are two isotypic igm heavy chain genes, cmua and cmub, in the genome of this species, presumably as a result of ancestral tetraploidy. in the present study it was shown that igm of brown trout (salmo trutta) is also separated into two subpopulations by anion exchange chromatography, while igm of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus m ... | 2002 | 12220889 |
| effect of pomphorhynchus laevis (acanthocephala) on putative neuromodulators in the intestine of naturally infected salmo trutta. | immunohistochemical and pathological studies were carried out on the digestive tract of parasitized and uninfected specimens of salmo trutta (l.). a total of 124 brown trout were collected on several occasions from 3 tributaries of the brenta river, northern italy. twenty-eight individuals of s. trutta (22.6%) were parasitized with pomphorhynchus laevis (miller, 1776). the occurrence of p. laevis in the trout gut significantly increased the number of endocrine cells immunoreactive to calcitonin ... | 2002 | 12240968 |
| interspecific barriers between salmonids when hybridisation is due to sneak mating. | male sneaking behaviour can lead to interspecific hybridisation if sneakers attempt to fertilise ova in heterospecific mating, contributing to break down of interspecific barriers. in south european rivers, sneaking atlantic salmon males fertilise an important proportion of ova from adult females in heterospecific crosses, up to 65%. in a south french flow-controlled stream, we found that they were able to naturally fertilise brown trout ova in absence of brown trout males. aggressiveness of bro ... | 2002 | 12242645 |
| effects of three fungicides alone and in combination on glutathione s-transferase activity (gst) and cytochrome p-450 (cyp 1a1) in the liver and gill of brown trout (salmo trutta). | in order to evaluate the gill glutathione s-transferase (gst) activity as a biomarker of effect of fungicide exposure in juvenile brown trout (salmo trutta), the fungicides propiconazole [(r,s)-1-[2-(2,4-diclophenyl)-4-propyl-1,3-dioolan-2-ylmetyl]-1h-1,2,4-triazole] and fenpropimorph [(+/-)-cis-4-[3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2-metyl propyl]-2,6 dimetylmorfolinc] were administrated in the water separately and together in a static system (80 microg/l for each pesticide) for 5 days. the combined fungic ... | 2002 | 12408568 |
| a novel fish rhabdovirus from sweden is closely related to the finnish rhabdovirus 903/87. | a novel rhabdovirus, preliminary designated as the sea trout rhabdovirus 28/97 (strv 28/97), was isolated from sea trout (salmo trutta trutta) in sweden in 1996. the fish showed central nervous symptoms, and at the autopsy petechial bleedings in the mesenteric fat were visible. strv 28/97 was shown to be serologically related to the vesiculotype rhabdovirus 903/87 isolated from brown trout (salmo trutta lacustris) in finland [1,3]. the sequences for the nucleocapsid protein, phosphoprotein, matr ... | 2002 | 12416676 |
| external morphological differences between crepidostomum farionis and crepidostomum metoecus (trematoda: allocreadiidae), parasites of salmonids, as revealed by sem. | scanning electron microscopy examinations of trematode specimens belonging to crepidostomum farionis (o.f. muller, 1784) and c. metoecus braun, 1900, collected from brown trout, salmo trutta fario l., in the czech republic, made it possible to study their surface morphology including details not described previously. the tegument of both species bears numerous characteristic papillae around the oral sucker (in c. metoecus also around the ventral sucker) and the ventral and dorsal surfaces of the ... | 2002 | 12418812 |
| the major histocompatibility class i locus in atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.): polymorphism, linkage analysis and protein modelling. | a cdna library screening using the conserved exon 4 of atlantic salmon mhc class i as probe provided the basis for a study on mhc class i polymorphism in a breeding population. twelve different alleles were identified in the 82 dams and sires studied. no individual expressed more than two alleles, which corresponded to the diploid segregation patterns of the polymorphic marker residing within the 3'-untranslated tail. close linkage between the sasa-uba and sasa-tap2b loci strengthens the claim t ... | 2002 | 12439620 |
| phylogeographic congruence between mtdna and rdna its markers in brown trout. | variation in the internal transcribed spacer (its) of rdna was examined throughout the range of the brown trout (salmo trutta) to analyze the usefulness of this molecular marker for phylogeographic analysis. the results were compared with those previously obtained with mtdna, a region exhaustively analyzed along the brown trout distribution. its2 was essentially conserved at all populations sampled, no informative characters being detected across the main lineages described in this species. conv ... | 2002 | 12446808 |
| cerebellar regulation of sensorimotor activity in brown trout. | evoked field potentials were recorded from the mesencephalic ('optic') tectum, cerebellar corpus, midline rhombencephalon, and spinal cord of decerebrated brown trout in response to single electrical shocks given to an optic nerve. evoked responses were also recorded from the rhombencephalon and spinal cord following stimulation (singly and with trains) to the optic tectum and to the cerebellar corpus. the potentials recorded from the tectum in response to optic nerve stimulation were similar in ... | 2002 | 12457082 |
| egg-size evolution in aquatic environments: does oxygen availability constrain size? | selection against large eggs has been proposed for aquatic environments, putatively because large eggs should have more difficulty obtaining the required oxygen. here, we use brown trout (salmo trutta) eggs to provide an experimental test of this hypothesis. at high levels of dissolved oxygen (14 mg l(-1)), egg survival was high and independent of egg size. at low oxygen levels (2.3 mg l(-1)), survival decreased overall, and was higher for large-egged than small-egged siblings. thus, contrary to ... | 2002 | 12495499 |
| biomarkers as diagnostic tools for evaluating effects of unknown past water quality conditions on stream organisms. | the following biomarkers were investigated in stream populations of juvenile brown trout (salmo trutta f. fario) and gammarids (gammarus pulex) to determine if crayfish mortality could have been confounded by pollutants: (1) alterations of fish liver ultrastructure, (2) fish gill and kidney histopathology, (3) stress protein (hsp70) expression in fish liver and gills and in gammarids, and (4) changes in various blood parameters of brown trout. in addition, the following measurements were conduct ... | 2002 | 12521141 |
| long-term effective population sizes, temporal stability of genetic composition and potential for local adaptation in anadromous brown trout (salmo trutta) populations. | we examined the long-term temporal (1910s to 1990s) genetic variation at eight microsatellite dna loci in brown trout (salmo trutta l) collected from five anadromous populations in denmark to assess the long-term stability of genetic composition and to estimate effective population sizes (ne). contemporary and historical samples consisted of tissue and archived scales, respectively. pairwise thetast estimates, a hierarchical analysis of molecular variance (amova) and multidimensional scaling ana ... | 2002 | 12453237 |
| extreme genetic differentiation among the remnant populations of marble trout (salmo marmoratus) in slovenia. | populations of the marble trout (salmo marmoratus) have declined critically due to introgression by brown trout (salmo trutta) strains. in order to define strategies for long-term conservation, we examined the genetic structure of the 8 known pure populations using 15 microsatellite loci. the analyses reveal extraordinarily strong genetic differentiation among populations separated by < 15 km, and extremely low levels of intrapopulation genetic variability. as natural recolonization seems highly ... | 2002 | 12453253 |
| exposure of brown trout salmo trutta to a sublethal concentration of copper in soft acidic water: effects upon gas exchange and ammonia accumulation. | the present study was undertaken to answer two questions relating to the exposure of brown trout salmo trutta to sublethal concentrations of copper and low ph (clp) for 96 h. (1) what is the effect of these pollutants on the rate of oxygen consumption (m(o(2))) at different levels of exercise and (2) why does ammonia accumulate within these fish, when the low external ph should favour the diffusion of nh(3) across the gills? mean m(o(2)) of fish in clp and control (normal ph and no added copper) ... | 2003 | 12456705 |
| observations on the metazoan parasites of the atlantic salmon (salmo salar) after its reintroduction into the elbe river basin in the czech republic. | in the years 1999-2002, first studies were carried out on the metazoan parasites of atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) recently reintroduced into the elbe river drainage system, after more than 50 years after the complete extinction of the elbe salmon population. a total of six helminth species were recorded from salmon smolts from three streams of the elbe river basin (kamenice river, jestedský and libocanský brooks) in north bohemia, czech republic, where s. salar fingerlings have been released ... | 2003 | 14971599 |
| histology of salmonid testes during maturation. | the commonly applied classification systems of fish gonad maturity divide the maturation process into certain stages. however, the scales do not entirely reflect the continuity of the maturation process. based on light microscope observations, the paper describes a comprehensive pattern of testicular transformations during maturation. the study was carried out on precocious underyearling and 1-year-old males of sea trout (salmo trutta m. trutta l.), 1-year-old males of salmon (salmo salar l.), a ... | 2003 | 14666143 |
| mucous cell responses in gill and skin of brown trout salmo trutta fario in acidic, aluminium-containing stream water. | morphometric examination was carried out on the gills and skin of wild and caged hatchery brown trout salmo trutta fario in an acidic (ph 4.9 to 5.4; al 203 to 250 microg l(-1)) and in a non-acidic (ph 6.7 to 7.0; al 27 to 67 microg l(-1)) stream in the vosges mountains (ne france) to assess the sublethal effects of acidic water on the mucous cell response. the caged fish were randomly collected after 2, 4, 7 and 11 d and the wild fish were obtained by electrofishing. after 2 d, a reduction of b ... | 2003 | 14667035 |
| microsatellite dna polymorphism in intensely enhanced populations of sea trout ( salmo trutta) in the southern baltic. | sea trout ( salmo trutta) is an anadromous form of brown trout, a commercially important salmonid species in europe. stocking has been used to compensate for the decrease of natural populations and maintenance of fishery and angling catches. over 1.5 million smolts and 4.5 million alevins are released to polish coastal rivers each year. variation at 7 microsatellite loci ( ssa197, ssa171, ssa85, str15, str73, str591, and str543) was used to study genetic polymorphism of spawners returning to 6 r ... | 2003 | 14502395 |
| micronucleus test in freshwater fish species: an evaluation of its sensitivity for application in field surveys. | brown trout, salmo trutta, european eel, anguilla anguilla, and european minnow, phoxinus phoxinus, three fish species inhabiting european freshwater ecosystems, were evaluated for their use as in situ pollution biomarkers using the micronucleus test in renal erythrocytes. experimental exposure (by immersion) to different concentrations of cyclophosphamide, colchicine, and cadmium showed that brown trout are more sensitive to the three compounds than minnows and eels. in situ surveys of wild fre ... | 2003 | 14575685 |
| distribution and development of calretinin-like immunoreactivity in the telencephalon of the brown trout, salmo trutta fario. | immunocytochemical techniques were used to investigate the distribution of calretinin (cr) in the telencephalon of adult and developing brown trout (salmo trutta fario l.). previous immunoblotting analysis of trout brain extracts with a cr antibody revealed a single protein band of 29 kda, similar to that observed in rat brain extracts. in the forebrain of adult trout, cr immunoreactivity was distributed in well-defined cell groups, which allowed us to analyze the cr-immunoreactive (ir) neuronal ... | 2003 | 14595772 |
| antibodies against discocotyle sagittata (monogenea) in farmed trout. | the relationship between discocotyle sagittata intensities and host length, weight and specific anti-parasite antibody titres was studied in 3 year-classes of farmed rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout salmo trutta at the end of the annual transmission cycle. antibody titres were significantly higher in infected farmed fish than in naive controls, indicating that infection elicits immunoglobulin production. no correlation was found between host size and parasite burdens, nor betwee ... | 2003 | 14598994 |
| long-term temporal changes of genetic composition in brown trout (salmo trutta l.) populations inhabiting an unstable environment. | the genetic structure of brown trout (salmo trutta) populations inhabiting rivers on the island of bornholm in the baltic sea was studied on a spatial and temporal scale. low water levels in the rivers during the summer period are assumed to have a significant impact on the persistence of local populations, possibly resulting in a metapopulation structure. extinctions may, however, also be buffered by a remnant strategy, whereby juveniles escape to river outlets during periods of drought. we com ... | 2003 | 14629391 |
| do migratory or demographic disruptions rule the population impact of pollution in spatial networks? | ecotoxicology supplies environmental quality criteria mainly based on the potential effects of contaminants on demographic rates of natural populations. possible impacts through pollutant-induced disruptions of spatial behaviors are totally neglected. should it be significant to take into account this "second way"? we developed the example of a hypothetical brown trout population living in a river network. we analyzed how behaviors of toxic avoidance or attraction during the spawning migration a ... | 2003 | 14630483 |