Publications

phylogenetic study of six species of anopheles mosquitoes in peninsular malaysia based on inter-transcribed spacer region 2 (its2) of ribosomal dna.	molecular techniques are invaluable for investigation on the biodiversity of anopheles mosquitoes. this study aimed at investigating the spatial-genetic variations among anopheles mosquitoes from different areas of peninsular malaysia, as well as deciphering evolutionary relationships of the local anopheles mosquitoes with the mosquitoes from neighbouring countries using the anopheline its2 rdna gene.	2014	24993022
communicating and monitoring surveillance and response activities for malaria elimination: china's "1-3-7" strategy.		2014	24824170
the colonization of pyrethroid resistant strain from wild anopheles sinensis, the major asian malaria vector.	anopheles sinensis is one of the most important malaria vectors in asian countries. the rapid spread of insecticide resistance has become a major obstacle for insecticide-based strategies for vector control. therefore, it is necessary to prepare an insecticide-resistant strain of an. sinensis to further understand the insecticide resistance mechanisms in this species to facilitate genetic approaches to targeting the insecticide-resistant population of this important malaria vector.	2014	25499700
a case of horizontal gene transfer from wolbachia to aedes albopictus c6/36 cell line.	horizontal gene transfer plays an essential role in evolution and ecological adaptation, yet this phenomenon has remained controversial, particularly where it occurs between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. there are a handful of reported examples of horizontal gene transfer occurring between prokaryotes and eukaryotes in the literature, with most of these documented cases pertaining to invertebrates and endosymbionts. however, the vast majority of these horizontally transferred genes were either eve ...	2014	24812591
transcriptome profiling of pyrethroid resistant and susceptible mosquitoes in the malaria vector, anopheles sinensis.	anopheles sinensis is a major malaria vector in china and other southeast asian countries, and it is becoming increasingly resistant to the insecticides used for agriculture, net impregnation, and indoor residual spray. very limited genomic information on this species is available, which has hindered the development of new tools for resistance surveillance and vector control. we used the 454 gs flx system and generated expressed sequence tag (est) databases of various life stages of an. sinensis ...	2014	24909924
first report of rickettsia felis in china.	rickettsia felis is a recently described flea-borne spotted fever group rickettsia that is an emerging human pathogen. although there is information on the organism from around the world, there is no information on the organism in china.	2014	25510419
an efficient strategy of screening for pathogens in wild-caught ticks and mosquitoes by reusing small rna deep sequencing data.	this paper explored our hypothesis that srna (18 ∼ 30 bp) deep sequencing technique can be used as an efficient strategy to identify microorganisms other than viruses, such as prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathogens. in the study, the clean reads derived from the srna deep sequencing data of wild-caught ticks and mosquitoes were compared against the ncbi nucleotide collection (non-redundant nt database) using blastn. the blast results were then analyzed with in-house python scripts. an empirical fo ...	2014	24618575
mass primaquine treatment to eliminate vivax malaria: lessons from the past.	recent successes in malaria control have put malaria eradication back on the public health agenda. a significant obstacle to malaria elimination in asia is the large burden of plasmodium vivax, which is more difficult to eliminate than plasmodium falciparum. persistent p. vivax liver stages can be eliminated only by radical treatment with a ≥ seven-day course of an 8-aminoquinoline, with the attendant risk of acute haemolytic anaemia in individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) d ...	2014	24502194
de novo transcriptome sequencing and sequence analysis of the malaria vector anopheles sinensis (diptera: culicidae).	anopheles sinensis is the major malaria vector in china and southeast asia. vector control is one of the most effective measures to prevent malaria transmission. however, there is little transcriptome information available for the malaria vector. to better understand the biological basis of malaria transmission and to develop novel and effective means of vector control, there is a need to build a transcriptome dataset for functional genomics analysis by large-scale rna sequencing (rna-seq).	2014	25000941
genome sequence of anopheles sinensis provides insight into genetics basis of mosquito competence for malaria parasites.	anopheles sinensis is an important mosquito vector of plasmodium vivax, which is the most frequent and widely distributed cause of recurring malaria throughout asia, and particularly in china, korea, and japan.	2014	24438588
anopheles sinensis mosquito insecticide resistance: comparison of three mosquito sample collection and preparation methods and mosquito age in resistance measurements.	insecticide resistance monitoring in malaria mosquitoes is essential for guiding the rational use of insecticides in vector control programs. resistance bioassay is the first step for insecticide monitoring and it lays an important foundation for molecular examination of resistance mechanisms. in the literature, various mosquito sample collection and preparation methods have been used, but how mosquito sample collection and preparation methods affect insecticide susceptibility bioassay results i ...	2014	24472598
multiple resistances and complex mechanisms of anopheles sinensis mosquito: a major obstacle to mosquito-borne diseases control and elimination in china.	malaria, dengue fever, and filariasis are three of the most common mosquito-borne diseases worldwide. malaria and lymphatic filariasis can occur as concomitant human infections while also sharing common mosquito vectors. the overall prevalence and health significance of malaria and filariasis have made them top priorities for global elimination and control programmes. pyrethroid resistance in anopheline mosquito vectors represents a highly significant problem to malaria control worldwide. severa ...	2014	24852174
molecular cloning and characterization of g alpha proteins from the western tarnished plant bug, lygus hesperus.	the gα subunits of heterotrimeric g proteins play critical roles in the activation of diverse signal transduction cascades. however, the role of these genes in chemosensation remains to be fully elucidated. to initiate a comprehensive survey of signal transduction genes, we used homology-based cloning methods and transcriptome data mining to identity gα subunits in the western tarnished plant bug (lygus hesperus knight). among the nine sequences identified were single variants of the gαi, gαo, g ...	2014	26463065
comparison of genotypes i and iii in japanese encephalitis virus reveals distinct differences in their genetic and host diversity.	japanese encephalitis (je) is an arthropod-borne disease associated with the majority of viral encephalitis cases in the asia-pacific region. the causative agent, japanese encephalitis virus (jev), has been phylogenetically divided into five genotypes. recent surveillance data indicate that genotype i (gi) is gradually replacing genotype iii (giii) as the dominant genotype. to investigate the mechanism behind the genotype shift and the potential consequences in terms of vaccine efficacy, human c ...	2014	25056890
species composition, seasonal occurrence, habitat preference and altitudinal distribution of malaria and other disease vectors in eastern nepal.	it is increasingly recognized that climate change can alter the geographical distribution of vector-borne diseases (vbds) with shifts of disease vectors to higher altitudes and latitudes. in particular, an increasing risk of malaria and dengue fever epidemics in tropical highlands and temperate regions has been predicted in different climate change scenarios. the aim of this paper is to expand the current knowledge on the seasonal occurrence and altitudinal distribution of malaria and other dise ...	2014	25430654
mosquito surveillance revealed lagged effects of mosquito abundance on mosquito-borne disease transmission: a retrospective study in zhejiang, china.	mosquito-borne diseases (mbds) are still threats to public health in zhejiang. in this study, the associations between the time-lagged mosquito capture data and mbds incidence over five years were used to examine the potential effects of mosquito abundance on patterns of mbds epidemiology in zhejiang during 2008-2012. light traps were used to collect adult mosquitoes at 11 cities. correlation tests with and without time lag were performed to investigate the correlations between mbds incidence ra ...	2014	25393834
molecular epidemiology of japanese encephalitis virus in mosquitoes in taiwan during 2005-2012.	japanese encephalitis (je) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease caused by the japanese encephalitis virus (jev). pigs and water birds are the main amplifying and maintenance hosts of the virus. in this study, we conducted a jev survey in mosquitoes captured in pig farms and water bird wetland habitats in taiwan during 2005 to 2012. a total of 102,633 mosquitoes were collected. culex tritaeniorhynchus was the most common mosquito species found in the pig farms and wetlands. among the 26 mosquito ...	2014	25275652
molecular epidemiology of japanese encephalitis virus in mosquitoes during an outbreak in china, 2013.	japanese encephalitis virus (jev) can cause serious encephalitis and culex mosquitoes are the primary vector. in 2013, a je outbreak occurred in shandong province, china with 407 confirmed cases, including 11 deaths. an investigation on jev in mosquitoes during the outbreak was conducted. a total of 14,719 mosquitoes were collected at 3 sites. for the 12,695 culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes, 88/201 pooled samples were positive by rt-pcr for the presence of the pre-membrane or envelope protein ...	2014	24809635
evidence to support natural hybridization between anopheles sinensis and anopheles kleini (diptera: culicidae): possibly a significant mechanism for gene introgression in sympatric populations.	malaria caused by plasmodium vivax is still a public health problem in the republic of korea (rok), particularly regarding the recent re-emergence of this malarial species near the demilitarized zone in northwestern paju city, gyeonggi-do province. currently, at least 4 species (an. kleini, an. pullus, an. belenrae and an. lesteri) of the hyrcanus group are reported as possible natural vectors of vivax malaria in the rok, and an. sinensis, which is the most dominant species, has long been incrim ...	2014	24443885
genomic analysis of detoxification supergene families in the mosquito anopheles sinensis.	anopheles sinensis is an important malaria vector in china and other southeast asian countries, and the emergence of insecticide resistance in this mosquito poses a serious threat to the efficacy of malaria control programs. the recently published an. sinensis genome and transcriptome provide an opportunity to understand the molecular mechanisms of insecticide resistance. analysis of the an. sinensis genome revealed 174 detoxification genes, including 93 cytochrome p450s (p450s), 31 glutathione- ...	2015	26588704
a metagenomic survey of viral abundance and diversity in mosquitoes from hubei province.	mosquitoes as one of the most common but important vectors have the potential to transmit or acquire a lot of viruses through biting, however viral flora in mosquitoes and its impact on mosquito-borne disease transmission has not been well investigated and evaluated. in this study, the metagenomic techniquehas been successfully employed in analyzing the abundance and diversity of viral community in three mosquito samples from hubei, china. among 92,304 reads produced through a run with 454 gs fl ...	2015	26030271
mosquito rasputin interacts with chikungunya virus nsp3 and determines the infection rate in aedes albopictus.	chikungunya virus (chikv) is an arthritogenic alphavirus (family togaviridae), transmitted by aedes species mosquitoes. chikv re-emerged in 2004 with multiple outbreaks worldwide and recently reached the americas where it has infected over a million individuals in a rapidly expanding epidemic. while alphavirus replication is well understood in general, the specific function (s) of non-structural protein nsp3 remain elusive. chikv nsp3 modulates the mammalian stress response by preventing stress ...	2015	26384002
unprecedented genomic diversity of rna viruses in arthropods reveals the ancestry of negative-sense rna viruses.	although arthropods are important viral vectors, the biodiversity of arthropod viruses, as well as the role that arthropods have played in viral origins and evolution, is unclear. through rna sequencing of 70 arthropod species we discovered 112 novel viruses that appear to be ancestral to much of the documented genetic diversity of negative-sense rna viruses, a number of which are also present as endogenous genomic copies. with this greatly enriched diversity we revealed that arthropods contain ...	2015	25633976
insect-specific flaviviruses: a systematic review of their discovery, host range, mode of transmission, superinfection exclusion potential and genomic organization.	there has been a dramatic increase in the number of insect-specific flaviviruses (isfs) discovered in the last decade. historically, these viruses have generated limited interest due to their inability to infect vertebrate cells. this viewpoint has changed in recent years because some isfs have been shown to enhance or suppress the replication of medically important flaviviruses in co-infected mosquito cells. additionally, comparative studies between isfs and medically important flaviviruses can ...	2015	25866904
organization of subunits in the membrane domain of the bovine f-atpase revealed by covalent cross-linking.	the f-atpase in bovine mitochondria is a membrane-bound complex of about 30 subunits of 18 different kinds. currently, ∼85% of its structure is known. the enzyme has a membrane extrinsic catalytic domain, and a membrane intrinsic domain where the turning of the enzyme's rotor is generated from the transmembrane proton-motive force. the domains are linked by central and peripheral stalks. the central stalk and a hydrophobic ring of c-subunits in the membrane domain constitute the enzyme's rotor. ...	2015	25851905
drosophila kash-domain protein klarsicht regulates microtubule stability and integrin receptor localization during collective cell migration.	during collective migration of the drosophila embryonic salivary gland, cells rearrange to form a tube of a distinct shape and size. here, we report a novel role for the drosophila klarsicht-anc-syne homology (kash) domain protein klarsicht (klar) in the regulation of microtubule (mt) stability and integrin receptor localization during salivary gland migration. in wild-type salivary glands, mts became progressively stabilized as gland migration progressed. in embryos specifically lacking the kas ...	2015	26247519
comparison of epsilon- and delta-class glutathione s-transferases: the crystal structures of the glutathione s-transferases dmgste6 and dmgste7 from drosophila melanogaster.	cytosolic glutathione transferases (gsts) comprise a large family of enzymes with canonical structures that diverge functionally and structurally among mammals, invertebrates and plants. whereas mammalian gsts have been characterized extensively with regard to their structure and function, invertebrate gsts remain relatively unstudied. the invertebrate gsts do, however, represent potentially important drug targets for infectious diseases and agricultural applications. in addition, it is essentia ...	2015	26457432
development of insecticide resistance in malaria vector anopheles sinensis populations from shandong province in china.	anopheles sinensis is a major vector of malaria and among the dominant species in shandong province of china. insecticide resistance is an important threat to vector-borne disease control. however, there are only few reports about insecticide resistance of an. sinensis populations from shandong province.	2015	25880316
a genome-scale investigation of incongruence in culicidae mosquitoes.	comparison of individual gene trees in several recent phylogenomic studies from diverse lineages has revealed a surprising amount of topological conflict or incongruence, but we still know relatively little about its distribution across the tree of life. to further our understanding of incongruence, the factors that contribute to it and how it can be ameliorated, we examined its distribution in a clade of 20 culicidae mosquito species through the reconstruction and analysis of the phylogenetic h ...	2015	26608059
the cpcfc cuticular protein family: anatomical and cuticular locations in anopheles gambiae and distribution throughout pancrustacea.	arthropod cuticles have, in addition to chitin, many structural proteins belonging to diverse families. information is sparse about how these different cuticular proteins contribute to the cuticle. most cuticular proteins lack cysteine with the exception of two families (cpap1 and cpap3), recently described, and the one other that we now report on that has a motif of 16 amino acids first identified in a protein, bc-ncp1, from the cuticle of nymphs of the cockroach, blaberus craniifer (jensen et ...	2015	26164413
risky behaviors: effects of toxorhynchites splendens (diptera: culicidae) predator on the behavior of three mosquito species.	viable biocontrol agents for mosquito control are quite rare, therefore improving the efficacy of existing biological agents is an important study. we need to have a better understanding of the predation-risk behavioral responses toward prey. this research examined prey choices by toxorhynchites splendens by monitoring the behavioral responses of aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, and anopheles sinensis larvae when exposed to the predator. the results show that tx. splendens prefers to consume ae. ...	2015	26386041
multicopper oxidase-1 is required for iron homeostasis in malpighian tubules of helicoverpa armigera.	multicopper oxidases (mcos) are enzymes that contain 10 conserved histidine residues and 1 cysteine residue. mco1 has been extensively investigated in the midgut because this mco is implicated in ascorbate oxidation, iron homeostasis and immune responses. however, information regarding the action of mco1 in malpighian tubules is limited. in this study, helicoverpa armigera was used as a model to investigate the function of mco1 in malpighian tubules. sequence analysis results revealed that hamco ...	2015	26437857
malaria in zhejiang province, china, from 2005 to 2014.	to summarize the changing epidemiological characteristics of malaria in zhejiang province, china, we collected data on malaria from the chinese notifiable disease reporting system (ndrs) and analyzed them. a total of 2,738 malaria cases were identified in zhejiang province from 2005 to 2014, of which 2,018 were male and 720 were female. notably, only 7% of malaria cases were indigenous and the other cases were all imported. the number of malaria cases increased from 2005 to 2007, peaked in 2007, ...	2015	26078321
a call for benchmarking transposable element annotation methods.	dna derived from transposable elements (tes) constitutes large parts of the genomes of complex eukaryotes, with major impacts not only on genomic research but also on how organisms evolve and function. although a variety of methods and tools have been developed to detect and annotate tes, there are as yet no standard benchmarks-that is, no standard way to measure or compare their accuracy. this lack of accuracy assessment calls into question conclusions from a wide range of research that depends ...	2015	26244060
the plasmodium vivax in china: decreased in local cases but increased imported cases from southeast asia and africa.	currently the local p. vivax was sharply decreased while the imported vivax malaria increased in china. despite southeast asia was still the main import source of vivax malaria, the trend of africa become serious, especially for west and central africa. herein we have clarified the trend of p. vivax in china from 2004-2012, and made some analysis for the differences of imported vivax back from different regions. there are significantly different of p. vivax between southeast asia and africa, als ...	2015	25739365
spatial-temporal variation and primary ecological drivers of anopheles sinensis human biting rates in malaria epidemic-prone regions of china.	robust malaria vector surveillance is essential for optimally selecting and targeting vector control measures. sixty-two vector surveillance sites were established between 2005 and 2008 by the national malaria surveillance program in china to measure anopheles sinensis human biting rates. using these data to determine the primary ecological drivers of malaria vector human biting rates in malaria epidemic-prone regions of china will allow better targeting of vector control resources in space and ...	2015	25611483
a bibliometric analysis of malaria research in china during 2004-2014.	china has made great progress in malaria prevention and control, but there has been no research to provide a macroscopic overview of malaria research in china. this bibliometric analysis was conducted from international databases to explore the characteristics of malaria investigations in china.	2015	25958002
spatial, temporal, and spatiotemporal analysis of malaria in hubei province, china from 2004-2011.	malaria remains a public health concern in hubei province despite the significant decrease in malaria incidence over the past decades. furthermore, history reveals that malaria transmission is unstable and prone to local outbreaks in hubei province. thus, understanding spatial, temporal, and spatiotemporal distribution of malaria is needed for the effective control and elimination of this disease in hubei province.	2015	25879447
risk assessment of malaria prevalence in ludian, yongshan, and jinggu counties, yunnan province, after 2014 earthquake disaster.	the objective of this study was to investigate malaria prevalence after the 2014 earthquakes in ludian, yongshan, and jinggu counties, yunnan province, china. we collected and analyzed epidemiological data and made a risk assessment of transmission probability. from january 2005 to july 2015, 87 malaria cases were reported in the three counties, most of which (81.6%) occurred between 2005 and 2009, with five cases reported in jinggu county between january 2014 and july 2015, of which one case wa ...	2015	26711514
distribution and frequency of g119s mutation in ace-1 gene within anopheles sinensis populations from guangxi, china.	malaria is one of the most serious vector-borne diseases in the world. vector control is an important measure for malaria prevention and elimination. however, this strategy is under threat as disease vectors are developing resistance to insecticides. therefore, it is important to monitor mechanisms responsible for insecticide resistance. in this study, the presence of g119s mutation in the acetyl cholinesterase-encoding gene (ace-1) was investigated in nine anopheles sinensis populations sampled ...	2015	26608572
past and new challenges for malaria control and elimination: the role of operational research for innovation in designing interventions.	this meeting report presents the outcomes of a workshop held in bangkok on december 1st 2014, where the following challenges were discussed: the threat of resistance to artemisinin and artemisinin-based combination therapy in the greater mekong sub-region (gms) and in africa; access to treatment for most at risk and hard to reach population; insecticide resistance, residual and outdoors transmission. the role of operational research and the interactions between research institutions, national ma ...	2015	26185098
insecticide resistance in areas under investigation by the international centers of excellence for malaria research: a challenge for malaria control and elimination.	scale-up of the main vector control interventions, residual insecticides sprayed on walls or structures and/or impregnated in bed nets, together with prompt diagnosis and effective treatment, have led to a global reduction in malaria transmission. however, resistance in vectors to almost all classes of insecticides, particularly to the synthetic pyrethroids, is posing a challenge to the recent trend of declining malaria. ten international centers of excellence for malaria research (icemr) locate ...	2015	26259947
entomological monitoring and evaluation: diverse transmission settings of icemr projects will require local and regional malaria elimination strategies.	the unprecedented global efforts for malaria elimination in the past decade have resulted in altered vectorial systems, vector behaviors, and bionomics. these changes combined with increasingly evident heterogeneities in malaria transmission require innovative vector control strategies in addition to the established practices of long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying. integrated vector management will require focal and tailored vector control to achieve malaria elimination. ...	2015	26259942
diversification of the genus anopheles and a neotropical clade from the late cretaceous.	the anopheles genus is a member of the culicidae family and consists of approximately 460 recognized species. the genus is composed of 7 subgenera with diverse geographical distributions. despite its huge medical importance, a consensus has not been reached on the phylogenetic relationships among anopheles subgenera. we assembled a comprehensive dataset comprising the coi, coii and 5.8s rrna genes and used maximum likelihood and bayesian inference to estimate the phylogeny and divergence times o ...	2015	26244561
knockdown resistance of anopheles sinensis in henan province, china.	vivax malaria was historically epidemic in henan province of china and anopheles sinensis was the main vectors and poor farming communities bare the greatest burden of disease. knockdown resistance in an. sinensis is one of the mechanisms of resistance against pyrethroids. in the present study, the frequency of mutations from an. sinensis was examined in henan province, china.	2015	25890038
historical survey of the kdr mutations in the populations of anopheles sinensis in china in 1996-2014.	anopheles sinensis has become an important malaria vector in china. the long-term extensive utilization of pyrethroids for itns and irs for mosquito control in the last three decades has resulted in the occurrence of resistant an. sinensis populations in many regions. knockdown resistance (kdr), caused by point mutations in the vgsc gene, is one of the mechanisms that confer resistance to ddt and pyrethroids. recently, several investigations revealed the kdr occurrence in some an. sinensis popul ...	2015	25888824
malaria incidence from 2005-2013 and its associations with meteorological factors in guangdong, china.	the temporal variation of malaria incidence has been linked to meteorological factors in many studies, but key factors observed and corresponding effect estimates were not consistent. furthermore, the potential effect modification by individual characteristics is not well documented. this study intends to examine the delayed effects of meteorological factors and the sub-population's susceptibility in guangdong, china.	2015	25881185
population dynamics and community structure of anopheles mosquitoes along the china-myanmar border.	understanding the ecology of malaria vectors such as species composition and population dynamics is essential for developing cost-effective strategies to control mosquito vector populations.	2015	26338527
rotational symmetry of two pyrethroid receptor sites in the mosquito sodium channel.	voltage-gated sodium channels are the primary target of pyrethroid insecticides. although it is well known that specific mutations in insect sodium channels confer knockdown resistance (kdr) to pyrethroids, the atomic mechanisms of pyrethroid-sodium channel interactions are not clearly understood. previously, computer modeling and mutational analysis predicted two pyrethroid receptors, pyrethroid receptor site 1 (pyr1) (initial) and pyrethroid receptor site 2 (pyr2), located in the domain interf ...	2015	25972447
knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in indian anopheles culicifacies populations.	anopheles culicifacies s.l. is one of the primary vectors of malaria in india responsible for the highest number of malaria cases. this vector is resistant to ddt in most parts of the country with indication of emerging resistance to pyrethroids. since knockdown resistance (kdr) is known to confer cross-resistance between ddt and pyrethroids owing to a common target site of action, knowledge of prevalence of knockdown resistance (kdr) alleles is important from insecticide resistance management p ...	2015	26082160
comparison of the functional features of the pump organs of anopheles sinensis and aedes togoi.	mosquitoes act as vectors for severe tropical diseases. mosquito-borne diseases are affected by various factors such as environmental conditions, host body susceptibility, and mosquito feeding behavior. among these factors, feeding behavior is affected by the feeding pump system located inside the mosquito head and also depends on the species of mosquito. therefore, the 3d morphological structures of the feeding pumps of aedes togoi and anopheles sinensis were comparatively investigated using sy ...	2015	26464043
[analysis of population genetic structure of anopheles sinensis based on mitochondrial dna cytochrome oxidase subunit i gene fragment].	to study the population genetic variation, genetic diversity and phylogenesis of anopheles sinensis in china.	2015	25736119
[genetic polymophism and evolution of srpn14 gene in anopheles sinensis (diptera : culicidae)].	to identify and locate the serine protease inhibitor 14 (srpn14) gene of anopheles sinensis, and analyze its genetic polymorphism among populations as well as the selective pressure during evolution.	2015	26672210
distribution and phylogenetic analysis of culex flavivirus in mosquitoes in china.	culex flavivirus (cxfv) is an insect-specific virus of the genus flavivirus. cxfv strains have been isolated from cx. pipiens, cx. quinquefasciatus, and other cx. species in asia, africa, north america, central america and south america. cxfv was isolated for the first time in china in 2006. as this is a novel flavivirus, we explored the distribution and genetic characteristics of culex flavivirus in china. a total of 46,649 mosquitoes were collected in seven provinces between 2004 and 2012 and ...	2015	26118548
population genetic structure of the malaria vector anopheles sinensis (diptera: culicidae) sensu stricto and evidence for possible introgression in the republic of korea.	anopheles sinensis wiedemann sensu stricto (s.s.) is a dominant mosquito and considered a secondary malaria vector in the republic of korea (rok). despite the potential significance for malaria control, population genetics studies have been conducted using only mitochondrial dna (mtdna), and studies of the genetics of hybridization have never been attempted. in this study, 346 specimens from 23 localities were subject to experiments. among them, 305 an. sinensis s.s. specimens from 20 localities ...	2015	26336253
isolation of japanese encephalitis virus and a novel insect-specific flavivirus from mosquitoes collected in a cowshed in japan.	cattle do not generally appear to develop severe viremia when infected with japanese encephalitis virus (jev), and they can be infected without showing clinical signs. however, two cattle in japan recently died from jev infection. in this study, we investigated the presence of different species of mosquitoes and flavivirus in a cowshed in the southwest region of japan. in this cowshed, the two most common species of mosquitoes collected were culex tritaeniorhynchus (including culex pseudovishnui ...	2015	26085283
the relationship between wing length, blood meal volume, and fecundity for seven colonies of anopheles species housed at the armed forces research institute of medical sciences, bangkok, thailand.	established colonies of anopheles campestris, anopheles cracens, anopheles dirus, anopheles kleini, anopheles minimus, anopheles sawadwongporni, and anopheles sinensis are maintained at the armed forces research institute of medical sciences (afrims). females were provided blood meals on human blood containing citrate as an anticoagulant using an artificial membrane feeder. the mean wing length, used as an estimate of body size, for each species was compared to blood-feeding duration (time), blo ...	2015	26433074
vector competence of anopheles kleini and anopheles sinensis (diptera: culicidae) from the republic of korea to vivax malaria-infected blood from patients from thailand.	in total, 1,300 each of anopheles kleini rueda and anopheles sinensis wiedemann sensu stricto (s.s.) females (colonized from the republic of korea) and anopheles dirus peyton & harrison (thai strain) were allowed to feed on blood from thai malaria patients naturally infected with plasmodium vivax the overall oocyst infection rates for an. dirus, an. kleini, and an. sinensis s.s. were 77.4, 46.1, and 45.9%, respectively. the mean number of oocysts was significantly higher for an. dirus (82.7) com ...	2016	27493248
larvicidal activity of magnolia denudata seed hydrodistillate constituents and related compounds and liquid formulations towards two susceptible and two wild mosquito species.	anopheles sinensis, aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus and culex pipiens pallens mosquitoes transmit malaria, dengue fever and west nile virus diseases respectively. this study was conducted to determine the toxicity of 17 constituents from magnolia denudata seed hydrodistillate (md-shd) and four experimental md-shd liquid formulations (10-50 mg l(-1) liquid) to third-instar larvae from insecticide-susceptible cx. p. pallens and ae. aegypti as well as wild ae. albopictus and an. sinensis.	2016	26085316
bioactivities of a new pyrrolidine alkaloid from the root barks of orixa japonica.	a new pyrrolidine alkaloid named (z)-3-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one was isolated from the ethanol extract of the root barks of orixa japonica. the structure of the new alkaloid was elucidated on the basis of nmr and ms analysis. the compound exhibited larvicidal activity against the fourth instar larvae of aedes aegypti (lc50 = 232.09 μg/ml), anopheles sinensis (lc50 = 49.91 μg/ml), and culex pipiens pallens (lc50 = 161.10 μg/ml). the new alkaloid also poss ...	2016	27918451
sialotranscriptome sequencing and analysis of anopheles sinensis and comparison with psorophora albipes sialotranscriptome (diptera: culicidae).	most of adult female mosquitoes secrete saliva to facilitate blood sucking, digestion and nutrition, and mosquito-borne disease prevention. the knowledge of classification and characteristics of sialotranscriptome genes are still quite limited. anopheles sinensis is a major malaria vector in china and southeast asian countries. in this study, the an. sinensis sialotranscriptome was sequenced using illumina sequencing technique with a total of 10 907 unigenes to be obtained and annotated in biolo ...	2016	27996203
a neural network prediction of environmental determinants of anopheles sinensis knockdown resistance mutation to pyrethroids in china.	selection pressure caused by long-term intensive use of insecticides is the key driving force in resistance development. additional parameters such as environmental conditions may affect both the mosquito response to insecticides and the selection of resistance mechanisms. in this context, we analyzed the environmental determinants of kdr prevalence in anopheles sinensis across china. we collected kdr frequency from 48 sites across central and southern china, together with key environmental fact ...	2016	27860007
genome-wide identification and characterization of odorant-binding protein (obp) genes in the malaria vector anopheles sinensis (diptera: culicidae).	anopheles sinensis is a major malaria vector. insect odorant-binding proteins (obps) may function in the reception of odorants in the olfactory system. the classification and characterization of the an. sinensis obp genes have not been systematically studied. in this study, 64 putative obp genes were identified at the whole-genome level of an. sinensis based on the comparison between obp conserved motifs, pbp_gobp, and phylogenetic analysis with an. gambiae obps. the characterization of an. sine ...	2016	26970073
diversity and frequency of kdr mutations within anopheles sinensis populations from guangxi, china.	anopheles sinensis is a major vector of malaria in china and its control is under great threat as the development of insecticide resistance. voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc) is the target of several classes of insecticides. genetic mutations of vgsc have been documented to confer knockdown resistance (kdr) to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ddt) and pyrethroids in mosquitoes. to control this vector efficiently, it is important to know the resistance-associated genetic mutations, their distri ...	2016	27527509
sero-molecular epidemiology of japanese encephalitis in zhejiang, an eastern province of china.	sporadic japanese encephalitis (je) cases still have been reported in zhejiang province in recent years, and concerns about vaccine cross-protection and population-level immunity have been raised off and on within the public health sphere. genotype i (gi) has replaced giii as the dominant genotype in asian countries during the past few decades, which caused considerable concerns about the potential change of epidemiology characteristics and the vaccine effectiveness. the aim of this study was to ...	2016	27560360
proteomic profile of the bradysia odoriphaga in response to the microbial secondary metabolite benzothiazole.	benzothiazole, a microbial secondary metabolite, has been demonstrated to possess fumigant activity against sclerotinia sclerotiorum, ditylenchus destructor and bradysia odoriphaga. however, to facilitate the development of novel microbial pesticides, the mode of action of benzothiazole needs to be elucidated. here, we employed itraq-based quantitative proteomics analysis to investigate the effects of benzothiazole on the proteomic expression of b. odoriphaga. in response to benzothiazole, 92 of ...	2016	27883048
tyrosine hydroxylase is crucial for maintaining pupal tanning and immunity in anopheles sinensis.	tyrosine hydroxylase (th), the initial enzyme in the melanin pathway, catalyzes tyrosine conversion into dopa. although expression and regulation of th have been shown to affect cuticle pigmentation in insects, no direct functional studies to date have focused on the specific physiological processes involving the enzyme during mosquito development. in the current study, silencing of asth during the time period of continuous high expression in anopheles sinensis pupae led to significant impairmen ...	2016	27416870
rickettsia felis, an emerging flea-borne rickettsiosis.	rickettsia felis is an emerging insect-borne rickettsial pathogen and the causative agent of flea-borne spotted fever. first described as a human pathogen from the usa in 1991, r. felis is now identified throughout the world and considered a common cause of fever in africa. the cosmopolitan distribution of this pathogen is credited to the equally widespread occurrence of cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis), the primary vector and reservoir of r. felis. although r. felis is a relatively new member ...	2016	27340613
extensive genetic diversity of rickettsiales bacteria in multiple mosquito species.	rickettsiales are important zoonotic pathogens, causing severe disease in humans globally. although mosquitoes are an important vector for diverse pathogens, with the exception of members of the genus wolbachia little is known about their role in the transmission of rickettsiales. herein, rickettsiales were identified by pcr in five species of mosquitoes (anopheles sinensis, armigeres subalbatus, aedes albopictus, culex quinquefasciatus and cu. tritaeniorhynchus) collected from three chinese pro ...	2016	27934910
key knowledge gaps for plasmodium vivax control and elimination.	there is inadequate understanding of the biology, pathology, transmission, and control of plasmodium vivax, the geographically most widespread cause of human malaria. during the last decades, study of this species was neglected, in part due to the erroneous belief that it is intrinsically benign. in addition, many technical challenges in culturing the parasite also hampered understanding its fundamental biology and molecular and cellular responses to chemotherapeutics. research on vivax malaria ...	2016	27430544
spatial and space-time distribution of plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum malaria in china, 2005-2014.	despite the declining burden of malaria in china, the disease remains a significant public health problem with periodic outbreaks and spatial variation across the country. a better understanding of the spatial and temporal characteristics of malaria is essential for consolidating the disease control and elimination programme. this study aims to understand the spatial and spatiotemporal distribution of plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum malaria in china during 2005-2009.	2016	27993171
structural divergence of chromosomes between malaria vectors anopheles lesteri and anopheles sinensis.	anopheles lesteri and anopheles sinensis are two major malaria vectors in china and southeast asia. they are dramatically different in terms of geographical distribution, host preference, resting habitats, and other traits associated with ecological adaptation and malaria transmission. both species belong to the anopheles hyrcanus group, but the extent of genetic differences between them is not well understood. to provide an effective way to differentiate between species and to find useful marke ...	2016	27887641
effects of microclimate condition changes due to land use and land cover changes on the survivorship of malaria vectors in china-myanmar border region.	in the past decade, developing countries have been experiencing rapid land use and land cover changes, including deforestation and cultivation of previously forested land. however, little is known about the impact of deforestation and land-use changes on the life history of malaria vectors and their effects on malaria transmission. this study examined the effects of deforestation and crop cultivation on the adult survivorship of major malaria mosquitoes, anopheles sinensis and an. minimus in the ...	2016	27171475
distribution of malaria vectors and incidence of vivax malaria at korean army installations near the demilitarized zone, republic of korea.	as a result of the reintroduction of malaria in the republic of korea (rok) in 1993 and the threat to military and civilian populations, the korea military national defense (mnd) increased emphasis on vector control in 2012 at rok army (roka) installations located near the dmz, while decreasing chemoprophylaxis, fearing potential drug resistance. mosquito surveillance demonstrated a need for continuous monitoring of disease patterns among roka soldiers and vector malaria infection rates to ensur ...	2016	27150110
twenty-five new viruses associated with the drosophilidae (diptera).	drosophila melanogaster is an important laboratory model for studies of antiviral immunity in invertebrates, and drosophila species provide a valuable system to study virus host range and host switching. here, we use metagenomic rna sequencing of about 1600 adult flies to discover 25 new rna viruses associated with six different drosophilid hosts in the wild. we also provide a comprehensive listing of viruses previously reported from the drosophilidae. the new viruses include iflaviruses, rhabdo ...	2016	27375356
impact of interventions on malaria in internally displaced persons along the china-myanmar border: 2011-2014.	internally displaced persons (idp) represent vulnerable populations whose public health conditions merit special attention. in the china-myanmar border area, human movement and resettlements of idp can influence malaria transmission. comparison of disease incidence and vector densities between idp camps and surrounding local villages allows for better understanding of current epidemiology and to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions in the region.	2016	27628040
salivary gland proteome during adult development and after blood feeding of female anopheles dissidens mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae).	understanding changes in mosquito salivary proteins during the time that sporozoite maturation occurs and after blood feeding may give information regarding the roles of salivary proteins during the malarial transmission. anopheles dissidens (formerly anopheles barbirostris species a1) is a potential vector of plasmodium vivax in thailand. in this study, analyses of the proteomic profiles of female an. dissidens salivary glands during adult development and after blood feeding were carried out us ...	2016	27669021
epidemiological analysis of bovine ephemeral fever in 2012-2013 in the subtropical islands of japan.	bovine ephemeral fever (bef) is a febrile disease of cattle that is transmitted by arthropod vectors such as mosquitoes and culicoides biting midges. an outbreak of bef recently occurred in ishigaki island and surrounding islands that are located southwest of japan. in this study, an epidemiological analysis was conducted to understand the temporal and spatial characteristics of the outbreak. factors associated with the disease spread within ishigaki island were investigated by hierarchical baye ...	2016	26956227
peculiar liquid-feeding and pathogen transmission behavior of aedes togoi and comparison with anopheles sinensis.	female mosquitoes transmit various diseases as vectors during liquid-feeding. identifying the determinants of vector efficiency is a major scientific challenge in establishing strategies against these diseases. infection rate and transmission efficiency are interconnected with the mosquito-induced liquid-feeding flow as main indexes of vector efficiency. however, the relationship between liquid-feeding characteristics and pathogen remains poorly understood. the liquid-feeding behavior of aedes t ...	2016	26839008
collagen cross-linking: insights on the evolution of metazoan extracellular matrix.	collagens constitute a large family of extracellular matrix (ecm) proteins that play a fundamental role in supporting the structure of various tissues in multicellular animals. the mechanical strength of fibrillar collagens is highly dependent on the formation of covalent cross-links between individual fibrils, a process initiated by the enzymatic action of members of the lysyl oxidase (lox) family. fibrillar collagens are present in a wide variety of animals, therefore often being associated wi ...	2016	27876853
challenges in and lessons learned during the implementation of the 1-3-7 malaria surveillance and response strategy in china: a qualitative study.	china has made great progress in malaria control over the last century and now aims to eliminate malaria by 2020. in 2012, the country launched its 1-3-7 surveillance and response strategy for malaria elimination. the strategy involves to case reporting within 1 day, case investigation within 3 days, and focus investigation and public health actions within 7 days. the aim of this study was to evaluate the challenges in and lessons learned during the implementation of the 1-3-7 strategy in china ...	2016	27716398
characteristics of imported malaria and species of plasmodium involved in shandong province, china (2012-2014).	malaria remains a serious public health problem in shandong province, china; therefore, it is important to explore the characteristics of the current malaria prevalence situation in the province. in this study, data of malaria cases reported in shandong during 2012-2014 were analyzed, and plasmodium species were confirmed by smear microscopy and nested-pcr. a total of 374 malaria cases were reported, 80.8% of which were reported from 6 prefectures. of all cases, p. falciparum was dominant (81.3% ...	2016	27658591
further evidence of increasing diversity of plasmodium vivax in the republic of korea in recent years.	vivax malaria was successfully eliminated from the republic of korea (rok) in the late 1970s but re-emerged in 1993. two decades later as the rok enters the final stages of malaria elimination, dedicated surveillance of the local p. vivax population is critical. we apply a population genetic approach to gauge p. vivax transmission dynamics in the rok between 2010 and 2012.	2016	26990869
assessing the impact of meteorological factors on malaria patients in demilitarized zones in republic of korea.	the trend of military patients becoming infected with vivax malaria reemerged in the republic of korea (rok) in 1993. the common explanation has been that infective anopheles mosquitoes from the democratic people's republic of korea have invaded republic of korea's demilitarized zone (dmz). the aim of this study was to verify the relationship between meteorological factors and the number of malaria patients in the military in this region.	2016	26955803
first detection of candidatus rickettsia barbariae in the flea vermipsylla alakurt from north-western china.	vermipsylla is a genus of the family vermipsyllidae within the order siphonaptera of fleas. vermipsylla alakurt is mainly distributed in alpine pastoral areas of kazakhstan, mongolia, china and nepal, and infests sheep, yaks and horses, causing irritation, poor condition, anaemia and even death. however, to date, no rickettsial agents have been reported in v. alakurt.	2016	27267467
rickettsia in mosquitoes, yangzhou, china.		2016	27729642
landscape genetic structure and evolutionary genetics of insecticide resistance gene mutations in anopheles sinensis.	anopheles sinensis is one of the most abundant vectors of malaria and other diseases in asia. vector control through the use of insecticides is the front line control method of vector-borne diseases. pyrethroids are the most commonly used insecticides due to their low toxicity to vertebrates and low repellency. however, the extensive use of insecticides has imposed strong selection pressure on mosquito populations for resistance. high levels of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides and various m ...	2016	27108406
evaluation of isotope (32)p method to mark culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae) in a laboratory.	the aim of the current study was to develop a marking technique as an internal marker to mark post blood meal mosquitoes by using stable phosphate isotope (32)p and determine the optimal concentration of it.	2016	27308279
the increasing importance of plasmodium ovale and plasmodium malariae in a malaria elimination setting: an observational study of imported cases in jiangsu province, china, 2011-2014.	following initiation of china's national malaria elimination action plan in 2010, indigenous malaria infections in jiangsu province decreased significantly. meanwhile imported plasmodium infections have increased substantially, particularly plasmodium ovale and plasmodium malariae. given the risk for malaria resurgence, there is an urgent need to understand the increase in imported p. ovale and p. malariae infections as china works to achieve national malaria elimination.	2016	27604629
imbalanced hemolymph lipid levels affect feeding motivation in the two-spotted cricket, gryllus bimaculatus.	insect feeding behavior is regulated by many intrinsic factors, including hemolymph nutrient levels. adipokinetic hormone (akh) is a peptide factor that modulates hemolymph nutrient levels and regulates the nutritional state of insects by triggering the transfer of lipids into the hemolymph. we recently demonstrated that rna interference (rnai)-mediated knockdown of the akh receptor (akhr) reduces hemolymph lipid levels, causing an increase in the feeding frequency of the two-spotted cricket, gr ...	2016	27144650
genome sequencing and genetic characterization of culex flavirirus (cxfv) provides new information about its genotypes.	culex flavivirus (cxfv) is an insect-specific virus that is widely distributed and primarily infects mosquito species from the genus culex. its hosts include culex tritaeniorhynchus, culex quinquefasciatus, and anopheles sinensis mosquitoes. since its original identification, cxfv has been reported in several countries. despite the increasing number of reports on cxfv, little is known about its genomic characteristics. it is unclear whether the phylogenetic relationships between the strains are ...	2016	27658621
challenges with using names to link digital biodiversity information.		2016	27346955
annotation of the asian citrus psyllid genome reveals a reduced innate immune system.	citrus production worldwide is currently facing significant losses due to citrus greening disease, also known as huanglongbing. the citrus greening bacteria, candidatus liberibacter asiaticus (clas), is a persistent propagative pathogen transmitted by the asian citrus psyllid, diaphorina citri kuwayama (hemiptera: liviidae). hemipterans characterized to date lack a number of insect immune genes, including those associated with the imd pathway targeting gram-negative bacteria. the d. citri draft ...	2016	27965582
viral metagenomics on blood-feeding arthropods as a tool for human disease surveillance.	surveillance and monitoring of viral pathogens circulating in humans and wildlife, together with the identification of emerging infectious diseases (eids), are critical for the prediction of future disease outbreaks and epidemics at an early stage. it is advisable to sample a broad range of vertebrates and invertebrates at different temporospatial levels on a regular basis to detect possible candidate viruses at their natural source. however, virus surveillance systems can be expensive, costly i ...	2016	27775568
comparative studies on the stenogamous and eurygamous behavior of eight anopheles species of the hyrcanus group (diptera: culicidae) in thailand.	establishment of laboratory colony is essential for mosquito-borne-disease research. mating behavior of stenogamous anopheles peditaeniatus and seven eurygamous species (anopheles argyropus, anopheles crawfordi, anopheles nigerrimus, anopheles nitidus, anopheles paraliae (=an. lesteri), anopheles pursati and anopheles sinensis), were investigated and compared in this study. the self-mating success of adult mosquitoes in different size cages at two density resting surface (drs) values, 3.6 and 7. ...	2016	27023618
comparative evaluation of the efficiency of the bg-sentinel trap, cdc light trap and mosquito-oviposition trap for the surveillance of vector mosquitoes.	the surveillance of vector mosquitoes is important for the control of mosquito-borne diseases. to identify a suitable surveillance tool for the adult dengue vector aedes albopictus, the efficacy of the bg-sentinel trap, cdc light trap and mosquito-oviposition trap (mot) on the capture of vector mosquitoes were comparatively evaluated in this study.	2016	27519419
structure, spatial and temporal distribution of the culex pipiens complex in shanghai, china.	culex pipiens molestus was first reported in shanghai in 2010. the population structures and seasonal distributions of culex pipiens subspecies c. p. molestus, culex pipiens pallens, and culex pipiens quinquefasciatus are not well known.	2016	27869687
discovery of flavivirus-derived endogenous viral elements in anopheles mosquito genomes supports the existence of anopheles-associated insect-specific flaviviruses.	the flavivirus genus encompasses several arboviruses of public health significance such as dengue, yellow fever, and zika viruses. it also includes insect-specific flaviviruses (isfs) that are only capable of infecting insect hosts. the vast majority of mosquito-infecting flaviviruses have been associated with mosquito species of the aedes and culex genera in the culicinae subfamily, which also includes most arbovirus vectors. mosquitoes of the anophelinae subfamily are not considered significan ...	2017	28078104
spatiotemporal epidemic characteristics and risk factor analysis of malaria in yunnan province, china.	malaria remains an important public health concern in china and is particularly serious in yunnan, a china's provincial region of high malaria burden with an incidence of 1.79/10(5) in 2012. this study aims to examine the epidemiologic profile and spatiotemporal aspects of epidemics of malaria, and to examine risk factors which may influence malaria epidemics in yunnan province.	2017	28077125
suppression of laccase 2 severely impairs cuticle tanning and pathogen resistance during the pupal metamorphosis of anopheles sinensis (diptera: culicidae).	phenol oxidases (pos) catalyze the oxidation of dopa and dopamine to melanin, which is crucial for cuticle formation and innate immune maintenance in insects. although, laccase 2, a member of the po family, has been reported to be a requirement for melanin-mediated cuticle tanning in the development stages of some insects, whether it participates in cuticle construction and other physiological processes during the metamorphosis of mosquito pupae is unclear.	2017	28376914