Publications

rhizopus head rot of confectionery sunflower: effects on yield quantity and quality and implications for disease management.	abstract the effects of rhizopus head rot, caused by rhizopus oryzae, on the yield of confectionery sunflower and its quality were studied in field experiments conducted from 1994 to 1996. the extent of yield loss was related to the crop growth stage at inoculation. when heads were inoculated at the budding stage, loss was not apparent, because inoculated heads were not infected. when inoculated at the anthesis stage, loss was relatively high (42.5 to 99.1%), and both the number of achenes per h ...	1997	18945022
in vitro activity of the new triazole voriconazole (uk-109,496) against opportunistic filamentous and dimorphic fungi and common and emerging yeast pathogens.	the in vitro antifungal activity of a new triazole derivative, voriconazole, was compared with those of itraconazole and amphotericin b against 67 isolates of aspergillus flavus, aspergillus fumigatus, bipolaris spp., fusarium oxysporum, fusarium solani, pseudallescheria boydii, rhizopus arrhizus, blastomyces dermatitidis, histoplasma capsulatum, and sporothrix schenckii. the in vitro activities of voriconazole were also compared with those of amphotericin b, fluconazole, and itraconazole agains ...	1998	9431946
biocompatibility of potential wound management products: hydrogen peroxide generation by fungal chitin/chitosans and their effects on the proliferation of murine l929 fibroblasts in culture.	agaricus bisporus, fusarium graminearum, phycomyces blakesleeanus, unbleached and bleached, rhizomucor miehei, and rhizopus oryzae were examined as sources of fungal chitin/chitosan. the nitrogen content of the alkalitreated mycelia/sporangiophores obtained after optimization of culture conditions, and of similarly treated a. bisporus stipes, was 2.87, 1.29, 6.27, 6.50, 4.80, and 4.95% w/w, respectively, which relates to an estimated chitin content of 42, 19, 91, 94, 70, and 72%, respectively. t ...	1998	9457561
inhibition of lipases from chromobacterium viscosum and rhizopus oryzae by tetrahydrolipstatin.	tetrahydrolipstatin is known as an inhibitor for pancreatic lipase but not for microbial lipases. in this paper we demonstrate that in the presence of water-insoluble substrates like tributyrin or olive oil, tetrahydrolipstatin inhibits the lipases of chromobacterium viscosum and rhizopus oryzae, although with different potency. in contrast to porcine pancreatic lipase, which forms an irreversible and covalent enzyme-inhibitor complex with tetrahydrolipstatin, the inhibition of the microbial lip ...	1998	9461253
primary cutaneous mucormycosis in a premature infant: case report and review of the literature.	mucormycosis is an uncommon infection caused by fungi of the order mucorales, family mucoraceae, and almost always occurs in individuals with predisposing factors such as diabetes mellitus, metabolic acidosis, or immunodeficiency states. although mucormycosis is a rare infection in childhood, sporadic cases of skin infections have been described in young infants and older children; primary skin infection has been associated with multiple nosocomial outbreaks caused by contaminated elastic bandag ...	1998	9475685
cardiolipin hydrolysis by human phospholipases a2. the multiple enzymatic activities of human cytosolic phospholipase a2.	the ability of mammalian phospholipases a2 (pla2) to hydrolyse cardiolipin (diphosphatidylglycerol) was monitored with a fluorescent displacement assay which allows the use of natural phospholipid substrates. the mammalian enzymes used were porcine pancreatic (group i) secretory pla2 (spla2), human non-pancreatic (group ii) spla2 and human cytosolic pla2 (cpla2). high activity was observed with porcine pancreas spla2 whereas the human spla2 demonstrated only minimal activity with this substrate. ...	1998	9487141
treatment of rhinocerebral mucormycosis with intravenous interstitial, and cerebrospinal fluid administration of amphotericin b: case report.	rhinocerebral mucormycosis is extremely difficult to treat. approximately 70% of patients are poorly controlled diabetics, and many of the remainder are immunocompromised as a consequence of cytotoxic drugs, burn injuries, or end-stage renal disease. despite standard treatment consisting of surgical debridement and the intravenous administration of amphotericin b, rhinocerebral mucormycosis is usually a fatal disease.	1998	9527000
evaluation of possible correlations between antifungal susceptibilities of filamentous fungi in vitro and antifungal treatment outcomes in animal infection models.	nine isolates of filamentous fungi previously tested in 11 different laboratories for their susceptibilities to amphotericin b and itraconazole in vitro were injected intravenously into mice and guinea pigs, and responses to treatment with both agents were studied. the experiments were done in a single laboratory. mean survival times, the percentages of animals surviving 12 days after infection, and culture results for samples of deep organs obtained postmortem were used as markers of antifungal ...	1998	9527773
rapid extraction of genomic dna from medically important yeasts and filamentous fungi by high-speed cell disruption.	current methods of dna extraction from different fungal pathogens are often time-consuming and require the use of toxic chemicals. dna isolation from some fungal organisms is difficult due to cell walls or capsules that are not readily susceptible to lysis. we therefore investigated a new and rapid dna isolation method using high-speed cell disruption (hscd) incorporating chaotropic reagents and lysing matrices in comparison to standard phenol-chloroform (pc) extraction protocols for isolation o ...	1998	9620390
biodegradation of anthracene by soil fungi. groupe pour l'etude du devenir des xénobiotiques dans l'environnement (gedexe).	a selection of 39 strains of micromycetes known as good degraders of polychlorinated aromatic compounds, mostly isolated from soil and belonging to various taxonomic groups, have been investigated for anthracene degradation. toxicity and consumption assays, first evaluated on solid media, have not shown any toxicity of anthracene (1-100 mg.l-1) towards fungi. degradation of anthracene (10 mg.l-1) was then investigated in a liquid synthetic medium for 4 days and evaluated by hplc. among the 39 st ...	1998	9661278
the rhizopus oryzae secreted aspartic proteinase gene family: an analysis of gene expression.	rhizopus oryzae was shown to possess a secreted aspartic proteinase gene family (sap) of at least four members (sap1-sap4). within the family there was 77-87% identity at the nucleotide level and 76-92% identity at the amino acid level. transcription of three members of this gene family (sap1-sap3) required an acidic medium (ph < 4.5) and either nitrogen or sulphur depression. regulation was co-ordinate and hierarchical, with ph occupying the higher position in the hierarchy. exogenous protein i ...	1998	9720058
comparison of in vitro activities of the new triazole sch56592 and the echinocandins mk-0991 (l-743,872) and ly303366 against opportunistic filamentous and dimorphic fungi and yeasts.	the in vitro antifungal activities of sch56592, mk-0991, and ly303366 against 83 isolates of acremonium strictum, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus terreus, bipolaris spp., blastomyces dermatitidis, cladophialophora bantiana, fusarium oxysporum, fusarium solani, histoplasma capsulatum, phialophora spp., pseudallescheria boydii, rhizopus arrhizus, scedosporium prolificans, and sporothrix schenckii were compared. the in vitro activities of these agents against 104 isolates of ...	1998	9738049
rational design of rhizopus oryzae lipase with modified stereoselectivity toward triradylglycerols.	the binding site of sn-1(3)-regioselective rhizopus oryzae lipase (rol) has been engineered to change the stereoselectivity of hydrolysis of triacylglycerol substrates and analogs. two types of prochiral triradylglycerols were considered: 'flexible' substrates with ether, benzylether or ester groups, and 'rigid' substrates with amide or phenyl groups, respectively, in the sn-2 position. the molecular basis of sn-1(3) stereoselectivity of rol was investigated by modeling the interactions between ...	1998	9749920
efficient production of l-(+)-lactic acid using mycelial cotton-like flocs of rhizopus oryzae in an air-lift bioreactor.	l-(+)-lactic acid production was enhanced in a culture of rhizopus oryzae by induction of a mycelial flocs morphology. by conventional culture the morphology of r. oryzae is that of a pellet-like cake; however, when mineral support and poly(ethylene oxide) are added to the culture, the morphology of r. oryzae takes on a cotton-like appearance. the formation of these cotton-like mycelial flocs was induced by the addition of 5 ppm poly(ethylene oxide) into a 12-14 h culture containing 3 g/l of the ...	1998	9758658
cloning, expression, characterization and role of the leader sequence of a lipase from rhizopus oryzae.	a lipase from rhizopus oryzae dsm 853 (rol) was cloned from a chromosomal gene bank, sequenced and overexpressed in escherichia coli. rol and its precursors prorol and preprorol were purified and their ph and temperature profile was determined. in contrast to rol, prorol and preprorol had considerably higher thermostability and a slightly higher ph optimum. moreover, it could be demonstrated by in vitro experiments that the natural leader sequence of rol is able to inhibit the folding supporting ...	1998	9765593
sordarins: in vitro activities of new antifungal derivatives against pathogenic yeasts, pneumocystis carinii, and filamentous fungi.	gm 193663, gm 211676, gm 222712, and gm 237354 are new semisynthetic derivatives of the sordarin class. the in vitro antifungal activities of gm 193663, gm 211676, gm 222712, and gm 237354 against 111 clinical yeast isolates of candida albicans, candida kefyr, candida glabrata, candida parapsilosis, candida krusei, and cryptococcus neoformans were compared. the in vitro activities of some of these compounds against pneumocystis carinii, 20 isolates each of aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillus f ...	1998	9797217
stability of porcine and microbial lipases to conditions that approximate the proventriculus of young birds.	in vitro experiments were conducted to characterize the activity and the stability of lipase from animal (crude porcine, cpl; lyophilized porcine, lpl), fungal (rhizopus arrhizus, ral; aspergillus niger, anl), and bacterial (two pseudomonas spp., pl1, pl2; and chromobacterium viscosum, cvl) sources when exposed to conditions associated with the glandular stomach. activity was measured at ph 3 to 8, 40 c and then monitored in response to temperature (40 c), time of exposure (0 and 30 min), ph (3 ...	1998	9835341
assimilation of cellooligosaccharides by a cell surface-engineered yeast expressing beta-glucosidase and carboxymethylcellulase from aspergillus aculeatus	since saccharomyces cerevisiae lacks the cellulase complexes that hydrolyze cellulosic materials, which are abundant in the world, two types of hydrolytic enzymes involved in the degradation of cellulosic materials to glucose were genetically co-immobilized on its cell surface for direct utilization of cellulosic materials, one of the final goals of our studies. the genes encoding fi-carboxymethylcellulase (cmcase) and beta-glucosidase from the fungus aspergillus aculeatus were individually fuse ...	1998	9835574
functional expression of rhizopus oryzae lipase in pichia pastoris: high-level production and some properties.	the mature lipase of the fungus rhizopus oryzae (rol) was functionally expressed and secreted in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris. in a batch cultivation, where methanol feeding was linked to the dissolved oxygen content in the cultivation solution, a lipase activity of 500,000 units per liter (60 mg active lipase per liter) of culture was achieved after initial glycerol feeding of the culture. recombinant rol lipase was purified to homogeneity by a simple two-step purification procedure ...	1998	9866866
antisporulating and respiration-inhibitory effects of essential oils on filamentous fungi.	sporulation of four species of filamentous fungi, namely aspergillus fumigatus, fusarium solani, penicillium expansum and rhizopus oryzae, was suppressed by gaseous contact with citron, lavender and thyme oils and, to a lesser extent, by that of perilla and tea tree oils. lemongrass and cinnamon bark oils were scarcely active. the antisporulating effect of the essential oils was not observed when they were applied as a solution, indicating that their vapours were the active form. moreover, expos ...	1998	9916464
a toolbox of recombinant lipases for industrial applications.	we created a toolbox of recombinant, microbial lipases, which allows us in combination with a lipase database to choose among the overexpressed lipases the most appropriate for a specific application and to improve it further via mutagenesis. by systematic comparison of geometry and properties of the scissile fatty acid binding site of five representative lipases of each family of structurally homologous lipases, three subgroups can be defined. hence, efficient expression systems for the functio ...	1998	9928080
in-vitro activity of voriconazole, itraconazole and amphotericin b against filamentous fungi.	the in-vitro fungistatic and fungicidal activities of voriconazole were compared with those of itraconazole and amphotericin b. mics for 110 isolates belonging to 11 species of filamentous fungi were determined by a broth microdilution adaptation of the method recommended by the national committee for clinical laboratory standards. minimum lethal concentrations (mlcs) of the three antifungal agents were also determined. the mic ranges of the three compounds were comparable for aspergillus flavus ...	1998	10052897
structurally novel bioconversion products of the marine natural product sarcophine effectively inhibit jb6 cell transformation.	sarcophytol a (1) and b (2) (see chart 1) are cembrane-type diterpenes known to inhibit tumor promotion. indicative of this inhibitory response, we currently report sarcophytol a (1) mediates dose-dependent diminution of 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (tpa)-induced transformation of jb6 cells. moreover, a structurally related furanocembrane diterpene, sarcophine (3), isolated in good yield from the red sea soft coral sarcophyton glaucum, was also found to serve as an effective inhibitor of ...	1998	11672397
production of l-lactic acid by rhizopus oryzae in a bubble column fermenter.	two distinctive forms of growth (mycelial filamentous and mycelial pellets) of rhizopus oryzae were obtained by manipulating the initial ph of the medium with the controlled addition of caco3 in a bubble fermenter. in the presence of caco3, diffused filamentous growth was obtained when the initial ph of the substrate was 5.5. in the absence of caco3, mycelial pellet growth was obtained when the initial ph was 2.0. the fermentation study indicated that the mycelial growth has a shorter lag period ...	1998	18576001
[cutaneous zygomycosis caused by rhizopus arrhizus in a surgical wound.].	we report a case of cutaneous zygomycosis caused by rhizopus arrhizus in a surgical wound following colostomy. the patient was a diabetic and in addition presented others risk factors. zygomycosis was suspected when a necrotic wound surface appeared in the appropiate clinical setting. diagnosis was confirmed on a combined histological and microbiological study. extensive surgical resection, high doses of amphotericin b and treatment of the underlying conditions permitted the control of the infec ...	1998	17655419
optimization of l-lactic acid production from glucose by rhizopus oryzae atcc 52311.	the effect of nutrients on l(+)-lactic acid production from glucose was investigated using rhizopus oryzae atcc 52311. from the shake-flask experiments, the optimal medium composition was defined for improved lactic-acid production. in order to enhance lactic-acid production rate and product yield, controlled aeration in a bubble column was conducted under optimal conditions. results showed a maximum lactic-acid production rate of 2.58 g/l/h was obtained with an initial glucose concentration of ...	1999	15304710
optimization of n variable biological experiments by evolutionary operation-factorial design technique.	since the traditional approach to optimization of biological systems based on the single variable search technique is incapable of detecting the true optimum when a number of chemicals are used together as inducers, the evolutionary operation (evop)-factorial design technique was applied successfully to optimize the concentrations of vitamin (biotin), metal ion (cacl(2)) and plant hormone (naa) for maximizing enzyme (protease) production by rhizopus oryzae (ro iit rb-13, nrrl-21498) in solid sta ...	1999	16232455
biodiesel fuel production from plant oil catalyzed by rhizopus oryzae lipase in a water-containing system without an organic solvent.	a new enzymatic method of synthesizing methyl esters from plant oil and methanol in a solvent-free reaction system was developed. it is anticipated that such plant oil methyl esters can be used as a biodiesel fuel in the future. lipase from rhizopus oryzae efficiently catalyzed the methanolysis of soybean oil in the presence of 4-30 wt% water in the starting materials; however the lipase was nearly inactive in the absence of water. the methyl ester (me) content in the reaction mixture reached 80 ...	1999	16232675
microbial transformation of delta 9(15)-africanene.	incubation of delta 9(15)-africanene with fungi aspergillus niger and rhizopus oryzae for 8 days yielded two oxidized derivatives, 10 alpha-hydroxy-delta 9(15)-africanene and 9 alpha,15-epoxyafricanane. the structure of the two products were assigned by interpretation of their spectral data.	1999	10647214
primary cutaneous mucormycosis in a trauma patient.	we report a rare case of primary cutaneous mucormycosis caused by rhizopus oryzae that occurred in an immunocompetent trauma patient. the patient had encrusted erythematous plaques with pustules on the left shin, which had been abraded in a traffic accident. histologic examination revealed widespread granulomatous inflammation and characteristic broad, non-septate hyphae with right-angle branching in the dermis. the infection was cured with intravenous amphotericin b therapy.	1999	10659506
case report. localized pulmonary zygomycosis without pre-existing immunocompromised status.	pulmonary zygomycosis rarely occurs without pre-existing immunocompromised disease. a 72-year-old male was found to have a nodular shadow (3 cm x 4 cm) in the right s8 and s9 on a chest x-ray. right lower lobectomy was performed and histological examination of the resected material demonstrated pulmonary zygomycosis. hyphae stained positively not only with grocott-gomori methenamine silver staining, but also with an anti-rhizopus oryzae polyclonal antibody.	1999	10680447
development of an arming yeast strain for efficient utilization of starch by co-display of sequential amylolytic enzymes on the cell surface.	the construction of a whole-cell biocatalyst with its sequential reaction has been performed by the genetic immobilization of two amylolytic enzymes on the yeast cell surface. a recombinant strain of saccharomyces cerevisiae that displays glucoamylase and alpha-amylase on its cell surface was constructed and its starch-utilizing ability was evaluated. the gene encoding rhizopus oryzae glucoamylase, with its own secretion signal peptide, and a truncated fragment of the alpha-amylase gene from bac ...	1999	10077821
biodegradation of fluoranthene by soil fungi.	a selection of 39 strains of micromycetes known as good degraders of polychlorinated aromatic compounds, mostly isolated from soil and belonging to various taxonomic groups, have been investigated for fluoranthene degradation. toxicity assays, first evaluated on solid medium mea, have not shown any toxicity of fluoranthene (1-100 mg.l-1) towards fungi. whereas, consumption assays on a solid synthetic medium showed a toxicity at 100 mg.l-1. the degradation of fluoranthene (10 mg.l-1) was then inv ...	1999	10230046
interactions of fluorescent triacylglycerol analogs covalently bound to the active site of a lipase from rhizopus oryzae.	fluorescent triacylglycerol analogs were synthesized as covalent inhibitors of lipase activity. the respective 1(3), 2-o-dialkylglycero-3(1)-alkyl-phosphonic acid p-nitrophenyl esters contain a fluorescent pyrenealkyl chain and a long-chain alkyl residue bound to the sn-2 and sn-1(3) positions of glycerol, respectively. the phosphonic acid p-nitrophenyl ester bond is susceptible to nucleophilic substitution by the active serine residue in the catalytic triad of a lipase, leading to inactivation ...	1999	10231365
effect of water extracts of rhizopus delemar on the stimulus coupled responses of neutrophils and their modulation by various protein kinase inhibitors.	human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes were preincubated with water extracts from rhizopus delemar. the water extracts significantly inhibited arachidonic acid induced superoxide generation, whereas enhanced superoxide generation induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate but not those induced by n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. superoxide generation induced by water extracts was inhibited by staurosporine, an inhibitor of protein kinase c, and was enhanced by genistein, an ...	1999	10340437
microbial transformation of sesquiterpene lactones by the fungi cunninghamella echinulata and rhizopus oryzae	incubations of the fungi cunninghamella echinulata and rhizopus oryzae with the sesquiterpene lactones (+)-costunolide (1), (+)-cnicin (2), (+)-salonitenolide (3), (-)-dehydrocostuslactone (4), (-)-lychnopholide (5), and (-)-eremantholide c (6) were perfomed. incubation of 1 with c. echinulata afforded delta11(13)-dihydrogenation and delta1(10)-epoxidation products (7-10). c. echinulata also hydrolyzed the side chain of 2, and transformed 4 into (+)-11alpha,13-dihydrodehydrocostuslactone (12), a ...	1999	10346955
synthesis and enzymatic degradation of optically active depsipeptide copolymers.	this paper describes the synthesis and biodegradation of copolymers of cyclic depsipeptide with epsilon-caprolactone (cl) or lactide (la). optically active cyclic depsipeptides, 3,6-dimethyl-2,5-morpholinediones (dmos), were prepared by the reaction of an amino acid (d-, l-, or dl-alanine) with a hydroxy acid derivative (dl-2-bromopropionyl bromide). these isomers are abbreviated as d-dmo, l-dmo and dl-dmo respectively, according to the names of alanine isomers. then, we have prepared the copoly ...	1999	10385224
molecular dynamics of microbial lipases as determined from their intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence.	we have studied the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence of the lipases from chromobacterium viscosum (cvl), pseudomonas species (psl), and rhizopus oryzae (rol) in aqueous buffer, zwitterionic detergent micelles, and isopropanol-water mixtures. it was the purpose of this study to obtain information about biophysical properties of the respective enzymes under conditions that modulate enzyme activities and stereoselectivities to a significant extent. according to their decay-associated emission spec ...	1999	10388774
biotransformation of the diperpenoid, isosteviol, by aspergillus niger, penicillium chrysogenum and rhizopus arrhizus.	the biotransformation of isosteviol (ent-16-ketobeyeran-19-oic acid) by three fungi is described. aspergillus niger produced the 7 beta-oh derivative, ent-7 alpha-hydroxy-16-ketobeyeran-19-oic, and the 1 alpha, 7 beta-dioh derivative, ent-1 beta, 7 alpha-dihydroxy-16-ketobeyeran-19-oic acid. the 17-oh compound, ent-17-hydroxy-16-ketobeyeran-19-oic acid, was obtained with penicillium chrysogenum. rhizopus arrhizus produced the 7 beta-oh derivative, ent-7 alpha-hydroxy-16-ketobeyeran-19-oic acid. ...	1999	10389273
non-thiazolidinedione antihyperglycaemic agents. part 3: the effects of stereochemistry on the potency of alpha-methoxy-beta-phenylpropanoic acids.	rhizopus delemar lipase catalysed ester hydrolysis of the alpha-methoxy-beta-phenylpropanoate 1 affords the (r)-(+) and (s)-(-) isomers in > 84% enantiomeric excess. absolute stereochemistry was determined by a single crystal x-ray analysis of a related synthetic analogue. the activity of these two enantiomers on glucose transport in vitro and as anti-diabetic agents in vivo is reported and their unexpected equivalence attributed to an enzyme-mediated stereospecific isomerisation of the (r)-(+) ...	1999	10400335
bronchial mucormycosis with progressive air trapping.	a previously healthy 70-year-old woman developed fever, cough, and exertional dyspnea. her symptoms progressed over a 2-month period despite treatment by her primary care physician with 2 courses of oral antibiotics and the addition of prednisone. hypoxemia and the finding of hyperglycemia with mild ketoacidosis led to hospital admission. serial chest radiographs demonstrated diffuse heterogeneous pulmonary opacities and progressive air trapping in the right lower lobe. fiberoptic bronchoscopy r ...	1999	10405701
highly selective synthesis of 1,3-oleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol by lipase catalysis.	1,3-oleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol (opo), an important structured triglyceride in infant nutrition, was synthesized by a two-step process in high yields and purity using sn1,3-regiospecific lipases. in the first step, tripalmitin (tp) was subjected to an alcoholysis reaction in an organic solvent catalyzed by sn1,3-regiospecific lipases yielding the corresponding 2-monopalmitin (2-mp). the 2-mp was isolated in up to 85% yield and >95% purity by crystallization and esterified in the second step with ...	1999	10417216
microbial transformation of sampangine.	microbial transformation studies of the antifungal alkaloid sampangine (2) have revealed that it is metabolized by a number of microorganisms. using a standard two-stage fermentation technique, beauvaria bassiana (atcc 7159), doratomyces microsporus (atcc 16225), and filobasidiella neoformans (atcc 10226) produced the 4'-o-methyl-beta-glucopyranose conjugate (3), while absidia glauca (atcc 22752), cunninghamella elegans (atcc 9245), cunninghamella species (nrrl 5695), and rhizopus arrhizus (atcc ...	1999	10425122
the evolution of starch-binding domain.	amylolytic enzymes belonging to three distinct families of glycosidases (13, 14, 15) contain the starch-binding domain (sbd) positioned almost exclusively at the c-terminus. detailed analysis of all available sbd sequences from 43 different amylases revealed its independent evolutionary behaviour with regard to the catalytic domains. in the evolutionary tree based on sequence alignment of the sbds, taxonomy is respected so that fungi and actinomycetes form their own separate parts surrounded by ...	1999	10452542
effect of infection by rhizopus oryzae on biochemical composition of stored potato tubers.	the carbohydrate fractions, protein and lipid contents of two cultivars of potato namely, irish cobbler and red pontiac, were altered quantitatively by rhizopus oryzae during the 10-day incubation period. glucose content increased during the incubation period for both healthy and inoculated tubers. starch, maltose, sucrose, protein and lipid contents decreased more rapidly in inoculated tubers than in healthy tubers in both cultivars. the depletion in starch and protein in the infected tubers ap ...	1999	10472791
microbial hydroxylation of natural drimenic lactones.	incubation of confertifolin and isodrimenin with mucor plumbeus, aspergillus niger or rhizopus arrhizus gave in good yields the corresponding 3 beta-hydroxy derivatives. from isodrimenin, the known natural 7 alpha-hydroxy derivative (futronolide) was also obtained and its structure was definitely established by x-ray crystallographic study of its acetate derivative.	1999	10513402
independent production of two molecular forms of a recombinant rhizopus oryzae lipase by kex2-engineered strains of saccharomyces cerevisiae.	a mixture of rprorol having the full-length prosequence (97 amino acids) for a recombinant lipase of rhizopus oryzae (rrol) and r28rol having 28 amino acids of the same prosequence has been produced as active forms by saccharomyces cerevisiae [takahashi et al. (1998) j ferment bioeng 86: 164-168]. however, the separation of rprorol and r28rol has not been successful due to their identical behavior on column chromatographs, presumably because of the similarity of their surface properties. the ind ...	1999	10570801
decolorization and detoxification of extraction-stage effluent from chlorine bleaching of kraft pulp by rhizopus oryzae.	rhizopus oryzae, a zygomycete, was found to decolorize, dechlorinate, and detoxify bleach plant effluent at lower cosubstrate concentrations than the basidiomycetes previously investigated. with glucose at 1 g/liter, this fungus removed 92 to 95% of the color, 50% of the chemical oxygen demand, 72% of the adsorbable organic halide, and 37% of the extractable organic halide in 24 h at temperatures of 25 to 45 degrees c and a ph of 3 to 5. even without added cosubstrate the fungus removed up to 78 ...	1999	10049866
overview of spa-s-843 in vitro activity against filamentous fungi.	in this study, we investigated the in vitro antifungal activity of a new water-soluble partricin a derivative, n-dimethylaminoacetyl-partricin a 2-dimethylaminoethylamide diascorbate, coded spa-843, currently developed by società prodotti antibiotici. the activity of spa-s-843 was compared to that of amphotericin b against 13 strains of aspergillus spp., 4 strains of mucor sp., 4 strains of rhizopus oryzae, 2 strains paecilomyces variotii, 5 strains of penicillium spp., 1 strain of sporothrix sc ...	2000	10601795
purification and characterization of an extracellular lipase from a thermophilic rhizopus oryzae strain isolated from palm fruit.	we have isolated a lipolytic strain from palm fruit that was identified as a rhizopus oryzae. culture conditions were optimized and highest lipase production amounting to 120 u/ml was achieved after 4 days of cultivation. the extracellular lipase was purified 1200-fold by ammonium sulfate precipitation, sulphopropyl-sepharose chromatography, sephadex g 75 gel filtration and a second sulphopropyl-sepharose chromatography. the specific activity of the purified enzyme was 8800 u/mg. the lipolytic e ...	2000	10713217
lead, copper and zinc biosorption from biocomponent systems modelled by empirical freundlich isotherm.	the biosorption of lead, copper and zinc ions on rhizopus arrhizus has been studied for three single-component and two binary systems. the equilibrium data have been analysed using the freundlich adsorption model. the characteristic parameters for the freundlich adsorption model have been determined and the competition coefficients for the competitive biosorption of pb(ii)-cu(ii) at ph 4.0 and 5.0, and pb(ii)-zn(ii) at ph 5.0 have been calculated. for the individual single-component isotherms, l ...	2000	10772476
isolation and expression of lactate dehydrogenase genes from rhizopus oryzae.	rhizopus oryzae is used for industrial production of lactic acid, yet little is known about the genetics of this fungus. in this study i cloned two genes, ldha and ldhb, which code for nad(+)-dependent l-lactate dehydrogenases (ldh) (ec 1.1.1.27), from a lactic acid-producing strain of r. oryzae. these genes are similar to each other and exhibit more than 90% nucleotide sequence identity and they contain no introns. this is the first description of ldh genes in a fungus, and sequence comparisons ...	2000	10831409
mycelial pellet formation by rhizopus oryzae atcc 20344.	factors in a cultivation medium affecting fungal growth morphology and fumaric acid production by rhizopus oryzae atcc 20344 were investigated. these factors included the initial ph value and trace metals such as zinc, magnesium, iron, and manganese in the cultivation medium. it was found that a significant change in the growth morphology of r. oryzae atcc 20344 occurs when the initial ph value is varied. a lower initial ph value in the cultivation medium was inhibitory to fungal growth, and fas ...	2000	10849836
new type of starch-binding domain: the direct repeat motif in the c-terminal region of bacillus sp. no. 195 alpha-amylase contributes to starch binding and raw starch degrading.	the alpha-amylase from bacillus sp. no. 195 (baa) consists of two domains: one is the catalytic domain similar to alpha-amylases from animals and streptomyces in the n-terminal region; the other is the functionally unknown domain composed of an approx. 90-residue direct repeat in the c-terminal region. the gene coding for baa was expressed in streptomyces lividans tk24. three active forms of the gene products were found. the ph and thermal profiles of baas, and their catalytic activities for p-n ...	2000	10947962
determination of the biosorption heats of heavy metal ions on zoogloea ramigera and rhizopus arrhizus.	the biosorption of fe(iii), cr(vi), pb(ii), cu(ii) and ni(ii) ions on zoogloea ramigera (activated sludge bacterium) and rhizopus arrhizus (filamentous fungus) has been studied as a function of initial metal ion concentration and temperature. the applicability of the langmuir model for each metal-microorganism system has been tested at different temperatures. the enthalpy change for the biosorption process has been evaluated by using the langmuir constant b, related to the energy of adsorption. ...	2000	10959085
biotransformations with rhizopus arrhizus and geotrichum candidum for the preparation of (s)-atenolol and (s)-propranolol.	(+/-)-atenolol/(+/-)-propranolol and their acetates were incubated with the fungus rhizopus arrhizus and geotrichum candidum separately for different time intervals to afford (s)-atenolol/(s)-propranolol in good optical yield. the time and ph for this biotransformation was optimised. the present biodegradations using rhizopus arrhizus and geotrichum candidum provides a simple and useful method to obtain (s)-atenolol and (s)-propranolol which are active enantiomers of the beta-adrenergic blockers ...	2000	11003151
the his gap motif in microbial lipases: a determinant of stereoselectivity toward triacylglycerols and analogs.	lipases preferably hydrolyze the sn-1 and sn-3 acyl chain of triacylglycerols and sn-2 substituted analogs. molecular modeling studies of the stereopreference of microbial lipases from rhizopus oryzae, rhizomucor miehei, candida rugosa, and lipase b from candida antarctica toward the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols and analogs revealed that sterical interactions occurring between the sn-2 substituent and the his gap affect substrate geometry, which can be monitored by a single torsion angle. this ...	2000	11099801
mycoflora and mycotoxins in brazilian black pepper, white pepper and brazil nuts.	a wide range of field and storage fungi were isolated from black pepper, white pepper and brazil nut kernels from amazonia. a total of 42 species were isolated from both peppers. aspergillus flavus and a. niger were isolated more frequently from black than from white pepper. other potential mycotoxigenic species isolated included: a. ochraceus, a. tamarii, a. versicolor, emericella nidulans and chaetomium globosum, penicillium brevicompactum, p. citrinum, p. islandicum and p. glabrum. species is ...	2000	11229375
enzymatic fatty acid exchange in digalactosyldiacylglycerol.	six different lipases were screened for their ability of acidolysis between digalactosyldiacylglycerol (dgdg) and heptadecanoic acid in toluene. lipases from geotrichum candidum, alcaligenes sp. and penicillium camembertii did not catalyse the acidolysis reaction. rhizopus arrhizus and rhizomucor miehei (lipozyme) catalysed the acidolysis but produced a mixture of dgmg, dgdg, acyl-dgmg and acyl-dgdg. the extra acyl group is bound to the primary hydroxyl of the digalactosyl moiety. candida antarc ...	2000	10660208
pulmonary mucormycosis in a diabetic patient.	we present the case of a 54 year-old male from moldavia with diabetes mellitus (type ii diabetic), admitted to hospital in january 1999, with ketoacidosis and consolidation of the lower left lobe. the diagnosis of mucormycosis was confirmed by identification of large, nonseptate hyphae of the order mucorales. a strain of rhizopus oryzae (rhizopus arrhizus) was isolated from culture on sabouraud medium. the patient was treated by systemic amphotericin b, associated with surgical debridement (lobe ...	2000	11173713
[determination of lactic acid in fermentation broth of rhizopus oryzae by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (rp-hplc)].	a method for determining lactic acid in fermentation broth of rhizopus oryzae by rp-hplc is described. the operating conditions were wakosil-ii 5 c18 rs column(4.6 mm i.d. x 150 mm, 5 microns) at room temperature, 0.01 mol/l phosphoric acid solution (ph 2.5) as mobile phase with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and uv detection at 210 nm. the retention time of lactic acid was 3.820 min. this method is simple, rapid and accurate. the results will not be affected by other components in the broth. the rel ...	2000	12541741
[l-lactic acid fermentation by immobilized rhizopus oryzae in a three-phase fluidized-bed].	l-lactic acid fermentation in a three-phase fluidized-bed bioreactor was studied by using immobilized rhizopus oryzae cells with polyurethane particles as supporter. the results indicated that the immobilized cells were stable after used for 8 batches repeatedly. the rate and the yield of lactic acid fermentation with glucose as carbon source were 19.1 g h-1.l (bead)-1 and 82.5%, respectively. with the hydrolyzate of corn cob residue from xylose manufacturer by cellulase hydrolysis, the yield of ...	2000	12548964
genetic immobilization of proteins on the yeast cell surface.	a genetic system has been exploited to immobilize proteins in their active and functional forms on the cell surface of yeast, saccharomyces cerevisiae. dnas encoding proteins with a secretion signal peptide were fused with the genes encoding yeast agglutinins, a- and alpha-type proteins involved in mating. the fusion gene was introduced into s. cerevisiae and expressed under the control of several promoters. appearance of the fused proteins expressed on the cell surface was demonstrated biochemi ...	2000	14538113
cell surface engineering of yeast: construction of arming yeast with biocatalyst.	a cell surface engineering system of yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae has been established and novel yeasts armed by biocatalysts (enzymes-glucoamylase, alpha-amylase, cm-cellulase, beta-glucosidase, and lipase), termed "arming yeasts", were constructed. the gene encoding rhizopus oryzae glucoamylase with its secretion signal peptide was fused with the gene encoding the c-terminal half of yeast alpha-agglutinin and expressed in s. cerevisiae. glucoamylase was shown to be displayed on the cell surf ...	2000	16232831
paranasal sinus mycoses.	the incidence of paranasal sinus mycoses (fungal sinusitis) varies widely with higher frequency in sudan, southwestern states of usa and north india, which have hot and dry climate. the disease has been described as having four types: allergic, non-invasive, invasive and fulminate. a possible fifth type: non-invasive destructive may also exist. in a prospective study of 176 cases of fungal sinusitis from our centre, on the basis of clinical, radiological, histopathologic and mycologic findings t ...	2000	15597677
[determination of enantiomeric purity for lactic acid in fermentation broth by rhizopus oryzae with high performance liquid chromatography].	a procedure for the resolution of dl-lactic acid and the determination of d-isomer ratio in l-lactic acid fermentation broth by rhizopus oryzae is described. the effects of ph of mobile phase and concentration of chiral mobile phase additives on resolution of dl-lactic acid were investigated. the optical isomers of lactic acid were resolved by rp-hplc with 2,3,6-tri-o-beta-cyclodextrin(tm-beta-cd) as a chiral mobile phase additive, and c18 column as stationary phase, and detected at wavelength 2 ...	2001	12541838
optimization of the high-level production of rhizopus oryzae lipase in pichia pastoris.	the lipases of the rhizopus species family are important and versatile enzymes that are mainly used in fat and oil modification due to their strong 1,3-regiospecificity. inexpensive synthetic medium was used for the production of rhizopus oryzae lipase in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris. methanol accumulation inside the bioreactor has previously been shown to negatively influence the production level. three different methanol fed-batch strategies for maintaining the methanol concentrati ...	2001	11223145
optimization of some additives to improve protease production under ssf.	in a locally isolated rhizopus oryzae strain highest-production of protease (388.54/g wheat bran) was observed in presence of tween-80 and dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate individually at 40mg/g wheat bran concentration. under solid state fermentation biotin (0.0025mg/g wheat bran); ca2+ (0.05mg/g wheat bran) and 1-naphthyl acetic acid (0.01mg/g wheat bran) also showed some inducing effect on the synthesis of the enzyme protease by solid state fermentation.	2001	11906108
in vitro fungicidal activities of voriconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin b against opportunistic moniliaceous and dematiaceous fungi.	the nccls proposed standard m38-p describes standard parameters for testing the fungistatic antifungal activities (mics) of established agents against filamentous fungi (molds); however, standard conditions are not available for testing their fungicidal activities (minimum fungicidal or lethal concentrations [mfcs]). this study evaluated the in vitro fungistatic and fungicidal activities of voriconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin b against 260 common and emerging molds (174 aspergillus sp. ...	2001	11230410
comparison of the e-test with the nccls m38-p method for antifungal susceptibility testing of common and emerging pathogenic filamentous fungi.	the national committee for clinical laboratory standards (nccls) m38-p method describes standard parameters for testing the fungistatic antifungal activities (mics) of established agents against filamentous fungi (molds). the present study evaluated the in vitro fungistatic activities of itraconazole and amphotericin b by the e-test and the nccls m38-p microdilution method against 186 common and emerging pathogenic molds (123 isolates of aspergillus spp. [five species], 16 isolates of fusarium s ...	2001	11283057
removal of herbicides from liquid media by fungi isolated from a contaminated soil.	fungi were isolated from soil samples corresponding to pesticide-contaminated soil (cs) and noncontaminated soil (ncs) in the annaba vicinity (algeria) and identified. the number of isolates obtained from cs and ncs were 263 and 288, respectively. the most frequent species (aspergillus fumigatus, a. niger, a. terreus, absidia corymbifera, and rhizopus microsporus var microsporus) were not sensitive to the pesticides. the growth of the genus trichoderma was inhibited by the pesticides, while gene ...	2001	11285902
rhinocerebral zygomycosis in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.	we report a case of a 28-year-old man with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who developed rhinocerebral zygomycosis during induction chemotherapy. this life-threatening fungal infection is an infrequent cause of neutropenic fever, and is occasionally found in patients with leukemia and lymphoma, or patients with severely compromised defence mechanisms due to other diseases. it is caused by moulds belonging to the mucoraceae family, and is characterized by local destruction of the affected organ. in ...	2001	11332157
diguanidino and "reversed" diamidino 2,5-diarylfurans as antimicrobial agents.	dicationic 2,5-bis(4-guanidinophenyl)furans 5a-5f, 2,5-bis[4-(arylimino)aminophenyl]furans 6a-6b and 6e-6k, and 2,5-bis[4-(alkylimino)aminophenyl]furans 6c-6d have been synthesized starting from 2,5-bis[tri-n-butylstannyl]furan. thermal melting studies with poly da*dt and the duplex oligomer d(cgcgaattcgcg)2 demonstrated high dna binding affinities for a number of the compounds. the binding affinities are highly dependent on structure and are significantly affected by substituents both on the ph ...	2001	11356109
whole cell biocatalyst for biodiesel fuel production utilizing rhizopus oryzae cells immobilized within biomass support particles.	as part of a research program aimed at producing biodiesel fuel from plant oils enzymatically cells of rhizopus oryzae (r. oryzae) ifo4697 (with a 1,3-positional specificity lipase) immobilized within biomass support particles (bsps) were investigated for the methanolysis of soybean oil. the r. oryzae cells easily became immobilized within the bsps during batch operation. to enhance the methanolysis activity of the immobilized cells under the culture conditions used, various substrate-related co ...	2001	11356369
cloning and expression analysis of nhl1, a gene encoding an extracellular lipase from the fungal pea pathogen nectria haematococca mp vi (fusarium solani f. sp. pisi) that is expressed in planta.	the filamentous fungus nectria haematococca (anamorph fusarium solani f. sp. pisi) resides in soil, and attacks pea seedlings in the area of the underground epicotyl and upper tap root, causing foot rot disease. we detected lipase activity during in vitro growth of n. haematococca. subsequently, a lipase gene was cloned and functionally characterised by heterologous expression in saccharomyces cerevisiae. the full-length cdna of 1152 bp was cloned using a 3' race-pcr approach coupled with cdna l ...	2001	11361331
function of the prosequence for in vivo folding and secretion of active rhizopus oryzae lipase in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	the role of the prosequence of rhizopus oryzae lipase (rol) with a preprosequence was analyzed by an expression system using saccharomyces cerevisiae. when the mature portion of rol (mrol) fused to the pre-alpha-factor leader sequence was expressed, secretion of active mrol was not observed. however, when mrol was synthesized together with the prosequence in trans (individually and coincidentally), secretion of active mrol was observed. the results indicate that the prosequence of rol helped cor ...	2001	11398926
study of lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of some monoterpene esters.	studies of the hydrolysis of bornyl, citronellyl, geranyl, and terpenyl acetates by commercially available lipases of candida rugosa, rhizopus arrhizus, and mucor miehei are presented. the hydrolysis of these monoterpene esters is investigated at various temperatures and phs, and the time dependence of the percentage of esters hydrolysed is studied. the catalytic activities of the lipases in hydrolysing the esters are compared and, overall, it is observed that under the experimental conditions u ...	2001	11400729
stability and function of interdomain linker variants of glucoamylase 1 from aspergillus niger.	several variants of glucoamylase 1 (ga1) from aspergillus niger were created in which the highly o-glycosylated peptide (aa 468--508) connecting the (alpha/alpha)(6)-barrel catalytic domain and the starch binding domain was substituted at the gene level by equivalent segments of glucoamylases from hormoconis resinae, humicola grisea, and rhizopus oryzae encoding 5, 19, and 36 amino acid residues. variants were constructed in which the h. resinae linker was elongated by proline-rich sequences as ...	2001	11478902
kinetic studies of rhizopus oryzae lipase using monomolecular film technique.	rhizopus oryzae lipase (rol) was found to be a true lipase. this enzyme presents the interfacial activation phenomenon. the n-terminal amino acid sequence of rol was compared to those of rhizopus lipases. purified rol possesses the same n-terminal sequence as the mature rhizopus niveus lipase (rnl). this sequence was found in the last 28 amino acids of the propeptide sequence derived from the cdna of rhizopus delemar lipase (rdl). using the baro-stat method, we have measured the hydrolysis rate ...	2001	11506890
blends of aliphatic polyesters. vi. lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis and visualized phase structure of biodegradable blends from poly(epsilon-caprolactone) and poly(l-lactide).	phase-separated biodegradable polymer blends were prepared from poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (pcl) and poly(l-lactide) (plla), and rhizopus arrhizus lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis and phase structure of the blend films were investigated. gravimetry revealed that the lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of pcl in pcl- and plla-rich phases is disturbed by the presence of plla. polarimetry confirmed the occurrence of a predominant hydrolysis of pcl and subsequent removal of the hydrolyzed water-soluble pcl oligo ...	2001	11518579
ten years' experience in zygomycosis at a tertiary care centre in india.	to define the spectrum of zygomycosis due to mucorales in an indian scenario.	2001	11545569
antifungal activities and cytotoxicity studies of six new azasordarins.	gw 471552, gw 471558, gw 479821, gw 515716, gw 570009, and gw 587270 are members of a new family of sordarin derivatives called azasordarins. the in vitro activities of these compounds were evaluated against clinical isolates of yeasts, including candida albicans, candida non-albicans, and cryptococcus neoformans strains. activities against pneumocystis carinii, aspergillus spp., less common molds, and dermatophytes were also investigated. azasordarin derivatives displayed significant activities ...	2001	11600368
spacer-mediated display of active lipase on the yeast cell surface.	we have constructed a saccharomyces cerevisiae strain displaying an active lipase on the cell surface by cell surface engineering. the gene encoding rhizopus oryzae lipase (rol) was fused with the genes encoding the pre-alpha-factor leader sequence and the c-terminal half of alpha-agglutinin including the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor attachment signal. the constructed gene was overexpressed under the control of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter. linker peptides (spacer ...	2001	11601614
efficient and selective microbial esterification with dry mycelium of rhizopus oryzae.	the use of dry mycelium of rhizopus oryzae as biocatalyst for ester production in organic solvent has been studied. mycelia with notable carboxylesterase activity were produced when different tweens (20, 40, 60 and 80) were employed as main carbon source for the growth. dry mycelium of four strains of rhizopus oryzae proved effective for efficiently catalysing the synthesis of different flavour esters (hexylacetate and butyrate, geranylacetate and butyrate) starting from the corresponding alcoho ...	2001	11604169
rt-pcr amplification of a rhizopus oryzae lactate dehydrogenase gene fragment.	no amino acid or dna sequence information in sequence databases was found for a fungal lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) isozyme. highly conserved regions in the lactate dehydrogenase enzymes of all taxonomies are found to be betaalphabeta nucleotide binding and substrate binding sites, also catalysis/active site. the conserved regions were selected as pcr primer target regions. the degenerate primers were designed according to the codon usage, determined by analyzing a number of different genes of rh ...	2001	11166821
fatty acid steryl, stanyl, and steroid esters by esterification and transesterification in vacuo using candida rugosa lipase as catalyst.	sterols (sitosterol, cholesterol, stigmasterol, ergosterol, and 7-dehydrocholesterol) and sitostanol have been converted in high to near-quantitative yields to the corresponding long-chain acyl esters via esterification with fatty acids or transesterification with methyl esters of fatty acids or triacylglycerols using lipase from candida rugosa as biocatalyst in vacuo (20-40 mbar) at 40 degrees c. neither organic solvent nor water is added in these reactions. under similar conditions, cholestero ...	2001	11170561
animal models of zygomycosis--absidia, rhizopus, rhizomucor, and cunninghamella.	infections caused by zygomycetes, which have been increasing in recent years, are known for their difficulty of diagnosis and treatment. because little is known about this fungus and its infection, vigorous research is now in serious demand. as in many other systemic mycoses, animal model studies are essential in the investigation of zygomycosis, particularly for the study of pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. unfortunately, such studies have been limited when compared with those of aspergil ...	2001	11694096
synergy, pharmacodynamics, and time-sequenced ultrastructural changes of the interaction between nikkomycin z and the echinocandin fk463 against aspergillus fumigatus.	we investigated the potential synergy between two cell wall-active agents, the echinocandin fk463 (fk) and the chitin synthase inhibitor nikkomycin z (nz), against 16 isolates of filamentous fungi. susceptibility testing was performed with a broth macrodilution procedure by nccls methods. the median minimal effective concentration (mec) of fk against all aspergillus species was 0.25 microg/ml (range, 0.05 to 0.5 microg/ml). for fusarium solani and rhizopus oryzae, mecs of fk were >512 microg/ml. ...	2001	11709302
hyperbaric oxygen as an adjunct in zygomycosis: randomized controlled trial in a murine model.	zygomycosis was induced by injecting cd-1 mice with 5 mg of intraperitoneal deferoxamine and then 10(6) cfu of intravenous and intrasinus rhizopus arrhizus. the addition of hyperbaric oxygen (2.0 atm absolute twice daily) to amphotericin b did not improve survival over that achieved with amphotericin b and placebo air treatments.	2001	11709348
nutritional influence on fungal colony growth and biomass distribution in response to toxic metals.	this work examines nutritional influence on fungal colony growth and biomass distribution in response to toxic metals. in low-substrate solid medium, 0.1 mm cd, cu and zn caused a decrease in radial expansion of both trichoderma viride and rhizopus arrhizus. however, as the amount of available carbon source (glucose) increased, the apparent toxicity of the metals decreased. these metals also affected the overall length of the fungal mycelium and branching patterns. in low-nutrient conditions, t. ...	2001	11731141
lipase-catalysed hydrolysis of short-chain substrates in solution and in emulsion: a kinetic study.	we have studied the enzymatic hydrolysis of solutions and emulsions of vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate and tripropionin by lipases of various origin and specificity. kinetic studies of the hydrolysis of short-chain substrates by microbial triacylglycerol lipases from rhizopus oryzae, mucor miehei, candida rugosa, candida antarctica a and by (phospho)lipase from guinea-pig pancreas show that these lipolytic enzymes follow the michaelis-menten model. surprisingly, the activity against solutions o ...	2001	11750885
yeast whole-cell biocatalyst constructed by intracellular overproduction of rhizopus oryzae lipase is applicable to biodiesel fuel production.	yeast whole-cell biocatalysts for lipase-catalyzed reactions were constructed by intracellularly overproducing rhizopus oryzae lipase (rol) in saccharomvces cerevisiae mt8-1. the gene encoding lipase from r. orvzae ifo4697 was cloned, and intracellular overproduction systems of a recombinant rol with a pro-sequence (rprorol) were constructed. when rprorol from r. oryzae ifo4697 was produced under the control of the 5'-upstream region of the isocitrate lyase gene of candida tropicalis (upr-icl) a ...	2001	11762598
adsorption properties and activities of lipase on a gold substrate modified by self-assembled monolayers.	the adsorption properties, amount and specific activity of lipase d from rhizopus delemar were investigated by employing a gold substrate modified with seven kinds of thiol monolayer. quartz crystal microbalance measurements revealed that the amount of the enzyme adsorbed to the hydrophobic monolayers (e.g. benzenethiol) was much higher than that to the hydrophilic monolayers (e.g. 3-mercaptopropanoic acid). in contrast, lipase d adsorbed to the hydrophilic, 2-amino-1-ethanethiol monolayer showe ...	2001	11791710
biosorption of heavy metals using whole mold mycelia and parts thereof.	biosorption of heavy metals was carried out using whole mycelia and selected components of aspergillus niger, rhizopus oryzae and mucor rouxii. binding of copper, cadmium, nickel and zinc was considerably improved by treating the cell wall fraction with 4 m naoh at 121 degrees c. chitosan contributed most to the biosorptive capacity. 0.96 mmol copper was bound by 1 g of the treated mycelium of m. rouxii dsm 1191.	2002	11800481
case report. fatal rhinocerebral zygomycosis due to rhizopus oryzae.	a case of rhinocerebral zygomycosis due to rhizopus oryzae, arising after trauma in a 53-year-old diabetic man, is reported. diagnosis was based on histological and mycological examination. fragments of the colonies were observed by scanning electron microscopy. this is the first case diagnosed in tuscany.	2002	11856437
formation of and coalescence from the inclusion complex of a biodegradable block copolymer and alpha-cyclodextrin. 2: a novel way to regulate the biodegradation behavior of biodegradable block copolymers.	a biodegradable block copolymer (pcl-b-plla, m(n) = 1.72 x 10(4), m(w)/m(n) = 1.37) of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (pcl) and poly(l-lactide) (plla) with very low crystallinity was obtained by forming the inclusion complex between alpha-cyclodextrin molecules and pcl-b-plla followed by coalescence of the guest polymer chains. films of the as-synthesized and coalesced copolymer samples, pcl and plla homopolymers of approximately the same chain lengths as the corresponding blocks of pcl-b-plla, and ...	2002	11866574
synthesis of phosphatidylcholine with defined fatty acid in the sn-1 position by lipase-catalyzed esterification and transesterification reaction.	the incorporation of caproic acid in the sn-1 position of phosphatidylcholine (pc) catalyzed by lipase from rhizopus oryzae was investigated in a water activity-controlled organic medium. the reaction was carried out either as esterification or transesterification. a comparison between these two reaction modes was made with regard to product yield, product purity, reaction time, and byproduct formation as a consequence of acyl migration. the yield in the esterification and transesterification re ...	2002	11948447
fluorescent inhibitors reveal solvent-dependent micropolarity in the lipid binding sites of lipases.	triacylglycerol analogue p-nitrophenyl phosphonates specifically react with the active-site serine of lipolytic enzymes to give covalent lipase-inhibitor complexes, mimicking the first transition state which is involved in lipase-mediated ester hydrolysis. here we report on a new type of phosphonate inhibitors containing a polarity-sensitive fluorophore to monitor micropolarity around the active site of the enzyme in different solvents. the respective compounds are hexyl and methyl dimethylamino ...	2002	12009403
in vitro activity of fk463, a novel lipopeptide antifungal agent, against a variety of clinically important molds.	the in vitro antifungal activity of fk463 against a variety of clinically important opportunistic molds was compared with amphotericin b, itraconazole and fluconazole by using the broth microdilution method m27-a specified by the national committee for clinical laboratory standards. fk463 exhibited potent activity against aspergillus species, which was superior to those of all other compounds tested. fk463 was also active against the dematiaceous fungi cladosporium trichoides, exophiala spinifer ...	2002	12011539
gas-phase enzymatic esterification on immobilized lipases in mcm-41 molecular sieves.	several lipolytic enzymes were immobilized in the pores of mcm-41 and al-mcm-41 molecular sieves and used as catalysts in the gas-phase esterification of acetic acid with ethanol. the entrapment of enzymes depended on the molecular sieve and the type of enzyme used. the order of enzymatic activity for enzymes entrapped in the pores of mcm-41 and al-mcm-41 in the esterification reaction was of (rhizopus niveus lipases) < fap-15 (rhizopus oryzae lipases) < lex (mucorjavanicus lipases) < ps (pseudo ...	2002	12018317