Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| ghb receptor targets in the cns: focus on high-affinity binding sites. | γ-hydroxybutyric acid (ghb) is an endogenous compound in the mammalian brain with both low- and high-affinity receptor targets. ghb is used clinically in the treatment of symptoms of narcolepsy and alcoholism, but also illicitly abused as the recreational drug fantasy. major pharmacological effects of exogenous ghb are mediated by gaba subtype b (gabab) receptors that bind ghb with low affinity. the existence of ghb high-affinity binding sites has been known for more than three decades, but the ... | 2014 | 24269284 |
| detection of porcine endogenous retrovirus in xenotransplantation. | xenotransplantation can provide a virtually limitless supply of cells, tissues and organs for a variety of therapeutic procedures. cells and tissues for use in human transplantation procedures could be supplied using material taken from pigs. however, there is a potential risk of transmission of porcine infectious agents, including porcine endogenous retroviruses (pervs), to a novel human host, with as yet unknown consequences. three subtypes of perv have been identified, of which both perv-a an ... | 2014 | 24607257 |
| novel neutralising antibodies targeting the n-terminal helical region of the transmembrane envelope protein p15e of the porcine endogenous retrovirus (perv). | previously, immunising different species with the transmembrane envelope protein p15e of the porcine endogenous retrovirus (perv), neutralising antibodies were induced which recognised epitopes in the fusion peptide proximal region (fppr) and in the membrane-proximal external region (mper). only the mper-specific antibodies were shown to neutralise and these antibodies targeted epitopes in the mper similarly localised as the epitopes recognised by antibodies broadly neutralising hiv-1 such as 2f ... | 2014 | 23729215 |
| clinical porcine islet xenotransplantation under comprehensive regulation. | xenotransplantation with porcine islets is a promising approach to overcome the shortage of human donors. this is the first report of phase 1/2a xenotransplantation study of encapsulated neonatal porcine islets under the current framework of regulations for xenotransplantation in new zealand. | 2014 | 25131091 |
| microarray analysis of retroviral restriction factor gene expression in response to porcine endogenous retrovirus infection. | microarray analysis has been used for screening genes involved in specific biological processes. many studies have shown that restriction factors may play an important role in xenotransplantation safety, but it is still unclear whether porcine endogenous retroviruses (pervs) may be inhibited by these factors. therefore, the present study focused on the microarray analysis retroviral restriction factors gene expression in normal human dermal fibroblasts (nhdfs) in response to pervs. perv infectiv ... | 2014 | 25115112 |
| differential expression of tripartite motif-containing family in normal human dermal fibroblasts in response to porcine endogenous retrovirus infection. | antiretroviral restriction factors may play an essential role in the safety of xenotransplantation. therefore, the present study focused on investigation of the changes in the tripartite motif-containing family (trim) gene expression in normal human dermal fibroblasts with and without lipopolysaccharide stimulation in response to porcine endogenous retrovirus infection. analysis of the expression profile of trims was performed using oligonucleotide microarrays and qrt-pcr. nine (trim1, trim2, tr ... | 2014 | 25056437 |
| tetherins of various species inhibit the release of porcine endogenous retrovirus from human cells. | pigs are considered as suitable xenotransplantation organ donors. however, the risk of pathogen transmission from pigs to human is a major concern in the transplantation of porcine tissues since it had been shown that porcine endogenous retroviruses (pervs) can infect human cells. tetherin has recently been described as a host restriction factor that blocks the release of virus particles from cells infected with some enveloped viruses. we compared tetherins derived from various species in their ... | 2014 | 24717029 |
| porcine endogenous retrovirus infection of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | 2015 | 25511997 | |
| porcine endogenous retrovirus-a/c: biochemical properties of its integrase and susceptibility to raltegravir. | porcine endogenous retroviruses (pervs) are present in the genomes of pig cells. the perv-a/c recombinant virus can infect human cells and is a major risk of zoonotic disease in the case of xenotransplantation of pig organs to humans. raltegravir (ral) is a viral integrase (in) inhibitor used in highly active antiretroviral treatment. in the present study, we explored the potential use of ral against perv-a/c. we report (i) a three-dimensional model of the perv-a/c intasome complexed with ral, ( ... | 2015 | 26296914 |
| complete genome sequence of a porcine endogenous retrovirus isolated from a bama minipig in guangxi, southern china. | a porcine endogenous retrovirus (perv) strain, perv-a-bm, was isolated from a bama minipig in guangxi, china. this is the first entire genome sequence of perv isolated from guangxi bama minipigs. the isolate is closely related to isolates from wuzhishan miniature pigs and distantly related to isolates from large white pigs. | 2015 | 26067965 |
| comparison between s+l- assay and lacz marker rescue assay for detecting replication-competent gammaretroviruses. | to avoid contamination of adventitious gammaretroviruses in biological products such as vaccines, it is necessary to check the master seed cells for manufacturing. there are several assays to detect infectious gammaretroviruses. among these, sarcoma-positive, leukemia-negative (s+l-) assay is a classical infectivity assay, which is often recommended in governmental guidelines. the s+l- cells used in s+l- assay generate unique focus upon the infection of replication-competent gammaretroviruses. a ... | 2015 | 26164289 |
| mutations altering the gammaretrovirus endoproteolytic motif affect glycosylation of the envelope glycoprotein and early events of the virus life cycle. | previously, we found that mutation of glutamine to proline in the endoproteolytic cleavage signal of the perv-c envelope (rqkk to rpkk) resulted in non-infectious vectors. here, we show that rpkk results in a non-infectious vector when placed in not only a perv envelope, but also the envelope of a related gammaretrovirus, felv-b. the amino acid substitutions do not prevent envelope precursor cleavage, viral core and genome assembly, or receptor binding. rather, the mutations result in the format ... | 2015 | 25462351 |
| induction of perv antigen in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells by human herpesvirus 1. | xenotransplantation represents one of alternative candidates for allotransplantation due to the chronic shortage of suitable human tissues; however, many obstacles remain. expression and release of endogenous retroviral antigens by porcine cells after transplantation may evoke adverse immune responses in human subjects. here, we examined whether human herpesvirus 1 (hhv-1) could induce the production of porcine endogenous retrovirus (perv) antigens in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( ... | 2015 | 25716804 |
| regulatory aspects of clinical xenotransplantation. | xenotransplantation attracted interest from regulatory authorities, particularly after the demonstration of pig-to-human transmission of porcine endogenous retrovirus (1996). this added to the risk of a product, resulting in a guidance of the us food and drug administration (2003). this addresses the full flow chart in product manufacturing, starting with the designated pathogen-free status of the source animal; and special aspects regarding the recipient like informed consent and monitoring for ... | 2015 | 26408947 |
| ultrasensitive detection and subtyping of porcine endogenous retrovirus provirus based on magnetic nanoparticles and chemiluminescence. | porcine endogenous retrovirus (perv) is commonly integrated in pig genomes, and could cause a cross-species infection by xenotransplantation. in this study, we developed a rapid and ultrasensitive approach for detection and subtyping of perv provirus based on magnetic nanoparticles (mnps) and chemiluminescence (cl). the carboxylated mnps (cmnps) were covalently coupled with aminated probes for capturing biotinylated target fragments of perv, the product of polymerase chain reaction (pcr). agaros ... | 2015 | 26369124 |
| differential sensitivity of porcine endogenous retrovirus to apobec3-mediated inhibition. | pigs are considered to be suitable xenotransplantation organ donors. however, the risk of pathogen transmission from pigs to humans is a major concern in the transplantation of porcine tissues. the porcine endogenous retroviruses (pervs) perv-a, perv-a/c, and perv-b can infect human cells, but perv-c is an ecotropic virus infecting only pig cells. thus, several strategies have been proposed to reduce perv transmission in xenograft recipients. human apobec3g (hua3g) is a single-strand dna cytosin ... | 2015 | 26016442 |
| xenotransplantation literature update, march-april 2015. | 2015 | 25988427 | |
| identification of porcine endogenous retrovirus (perv) packaging sequence and development of perv packaging viral vector system. | studies of the retroviruses have focused on the specific interaction of the nucleocapsid protein with a packaging signal in the viral rna as important for this selectivity, but the packaging signal in porcine endogenous retrovirus (perv) has not been defined. herein, we identified and analyzed this packaging signal in perv and found hairpin structures with conserved tetranucleotides in their loops and nucleocapsid recognition sequences; both of which are key elements in the viral packaging signa ... | 2015 | 25935307 |
| cytotoxic effects during knock out of multiple porcine endogenous retrovirus (perv) sequences in the pig genome by zinc finger nucleases (zfn). | xenotransplantation has been proposed as a solution to the shortage of suitable human donors for transplantation and pigs are currently favoured as donor animals. however, xenotransplantation may be associated with the transmission of zoonotic microorganisms. whereas most porcine microorganisms representing a risk for the human recipient may be eliminated by designated pathogen free breeding, multiple copies of porcine endogenous retroviruses (pervs) are integrated in the genome of all pigs and ... | 2015 | 25909512 |
| review on porcine endogenous retrovirus detection assays--impact on quality and safety of xenotransplants. | xenotransplantation of porcine organs, tissues, and cells inherits a risk for xenozoonotic infections. viable tissues and cells intended for transplantation have to be considered as potentially contaminated non-sterile products. the demands on microbial testing, based on the regulatory requirements, are often challenging due to a restricted shelf life or the complexity of the product itself. in europe, the regulatory framework for xenogeneic cell therapy is based on the advanced therapy medicina ... | 2015 | 25641488 |
| distribution of porcine endogenous retrovirus in different organs of the hybrid of a landrace and a jeju domestic pig in korea. | xenotransplantation offers a solution to the shortage of available organs for transplantation, and the pig represents an ideal source of such organs. however, porcine endogenous retrovirus (perv), whose genome is integrated in pigs, has been suggested to pose a potential risk of xenotransmission. expression of pervs in different organs of pigs was carefully measured at dna, mrna, and protein levels, providing information valuable for the application of pig organs in xenotransplantation. an analy ... | 2015 | 26293098 |
| tolerance and immune response to the porcine endogenous retrovirus in german landrace pigs immunised with viral proteins. | immunisation of goats, mice, rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, and hamsters with the recombinant ectodomain of the porcine endogenous retrovirus (perv) transmembrane envelope (tm) protein (p15e) induced binding and neutralising immune antibodies in all animals. in contrast, no antibodies were induced when pigs were immunised with p15e, indicating that pigs are tolerant to their endogenous retroviruses, at least to the tm protein. to answer the question of whether pigs are tolerant to other structural ... | 2015 | 26043980 |
| no transmission of porcine endogenous retrovirus in an acute liver failure model treated by a novel hybrid bioartificial liver containing porcine hepatocytes. | a novel hybrid bioartificial liver (hbal) was constructed using an anionic resin adsorption column and a multi-layer flat-plate bioreactor containing porcine hepatocytes co-cultured with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mscs). this study aimed to evaluate the microbiological safety of the hbal by detecting the transmission of porcine endogenous retroviruses (pervs) into canines with acute liver failure (alf) undergoing hbal. | 2015 | 26459725 |
| a study on the susceptibility of allogeneic human hepatocytes to porcine endogenous retrovirus. | porcine endogenous retrovirus (perv) is a virus that can be integrated into porcine genome. it has been proved that perv can infect the cells of a variety of species. however, little is known about the infectivity of perv to human hepatocytes. the present study focused on the susceptibility of primary human hepatocytes to perv. | 2015 | 26439047 |
| first update of the international xenotransplantation association consensus statement on conditions for undertaking clinical trials of porcine islet products in type 1 diabetes--chapter 2a: source pigs--preventing xenozoonoses. | chapter 2 of the original consensus statement published in 2009 by ixa represents an excellent basis for the production of safe donor pigs and pig-derived materials for porcine islet xenotransplantation. it was intended that the consensus statement was to be reviewed at interval to remain relevant. indeed, many of the original salient points remain relevant today, especially when porcine islet xenotransplantation is performed in conjunction with immunosuppressants. however, progress in the field ... | 2016 | 26940608 |
| characterization of complete genome sequences of a porcine endogenous retrovirus isolated from china bama minipig reveals an evolutionary time earlier than that of isolates from european minipigs. | a porcine endogenous retroviruses (perv) isolate, perv-a-bm, was isolated from a guangxi bama minipig in china. | 2016 | 26915872 |
| computational evaluation of the strict master and random template models of endogenous retrovirus evolution. | transposable elements (tes) are dna sequences that are able to replicate and move within and between host genomes. their mechanism of replication is also shared with endogenous retroviruses (ervs), which are also a type of te that represent an ancient retroviral infection within animal genomes. two models have been proposed to explain te proliferation in host genomes: the strict master model (smm), and the random template (or transposon) model (tm). in smm only a single copy of a given te lineag ... | 2016 | 27649303 |
| transmission of porcine endogenous retrovirus produced from different recipient cells in vivo. | humanized pigs have been developed to reduce the incidence of immune rejection in xenotransplantation, but significant concerns remain, such as transmission of viral zoonosis. porcine endogenous retroviruses (perv), which exist in the genome of pigs, are produced as infectious virions from all porcine cells and cause zoonosis. here, we examined the possibility of zoonosis of hosts under conditions of immune suppression or xenotransplantation of cells producing host-adapted viruses. upon transpla ... | 2016 | 27832080 |
| new phase of growth for xenogeneic-based bioartificial organs. | in this article, we examine the advanced clinical development of bioartificial organs and describe the challenges to implementing such systems into patient care. the case for bioartificial organs is evident: they are meant to reduce patient morbidity and mortality caused by the persistent shortage of organs available for allotransplantation. the widespread introduction and adoption of bioengineered organs, incorporating cells and tissues derived from either human or animal sources, would help ad ... | 2016 | 27657057 |
| chemiluminescent detection for estimating relative copy numbers of porcine endogenous retrovirus proviruses from chinese minipigs based on magnetic nanoparticles. | chinese bama minipigs could be potential donors for the supply of xenografts because they are genetically stable, highly inbred, and inexpensive. however, porcine endogenous retrovirus (perv) is commonly integrated in pig genomes and could cause a cross-species infection by xenotransplantation. for screening out the pigs with low copy numbers of perv proviruses, we have developed a novel semiquantitative analysis approach based on magnetic nanoparticles (mnps) and chemiluminescence (cl) for esti ... | 2016 | 27427744 |
| susceptibility of porcine endogenous retrovirus to anti-retroviral inhibitors. | porcine endogenous retrovirus (perv) is an endogenous retrovirus that poses a risk of iatrogenic transmission in the context of pig-to-human xenotransplantation. the lack of a means to control perv infection in the context of pig-to-human xenotransplantation is a major concern in the field. in this study, we set out to evaluate the ability of currently licensed anti-hiv drugs, and other types of anti-retroviral compounds, to inhibit perv infection in vitro. | 2016 | 27028725 |
| current status and future of clinical islet xenotransplantation. | β-cell replacement therapy, including allogeneic pancreas and islet transplantation, can normalize hba1c levels in unstable type 1 diabetic (t1d) patients, but a donor shortage is a serious issue. to overcome this problem, xenotransplantation is an attractive option. in fact, islet transplantation from porcine pancreata was performed in the 1990s, which opened the door for islet xenotransplantation, but the possibility of porcine endogenous retrovirus (perv) infection was raised, which has restr ... | 2016 | 26987992 |
| first update of the international xenotransplantation association consensus statement on conditions for undertaking clinical trials of porcine islet products in type 1 diabetes--chapter 5: recipient monitoring and response plan for preventing disease transmission. | xenotransplantation of porcine cells, tissues, and organs may be associated with the transmission of porcine microorganisms to the human recipient. a previous, 2009, version of this consensus statement focused on strategies to prevent transmission of porcine endogenous retroviruses (pervs). this version addresses potential transmission of all porcine microorganisms including monitoring of the recipient and provides suggested approaches to the monitoring and prevention of disease transmission. pr ... | 2016 | 26918415 |
| long-term safety from transmission of porcine endogenous retrovirus after pig-to-non-human primate corneal transplantation. | the risk of xenozoonosis mainly by porcine endogenous retrovirus (perv) has been considered as one of the main hurdles in xenotransplantation and therefore should be elucidated prior to the clinical use of porcine corneal grafts. accordingly, an investigation was performed to analyze the infectivity of pervs from porcine keratocytes to human cells, and the long-term risk of transmission of pervs was determined using pig-to-non-human primate (nhp) corneal transplantation models. | 2017 | 28503733 |
| inactivation of porcine endogenous retrovirus in pigs using crispr-cas9. | xenotransplantation is a promising strategy to alleviate the shortage of organs for human transplantation. in addition to the concern on pig-to-human immunological compatibility, the risk of cross-species transmission of porcine endogenous retroviruses (pervs) has impeded the clinical application of this approach. earlier, we demonstrated the feasibility of inactivating perv activity in an immortalized pig cell line. here, we confirmed that pervs infect human cells, and observed the horizontal t ... | 2017 | 28798043 |
| characterization of porcine endogenous retrovirus expression in neonatal and adult pig pancreatic islets. | pig islets represent an alternative to the current modes of treatment for patients with diabetes. however, the concerns over pathogen transmission including that of perv limit their immediate, widespread usage in humans. it has been previously demonstrated that perv copy number and particularly expression levels can vary considerably between individuals and within different tissues of a single animal. in general, expression levels have been found to be particularly low in the pancreas compared t ... | 2017 | 28444910 |
| three cysteine residues of slc52a1, a receptor for the porcine endogenous retrovirus-a (perv-a), play a critical role in cell surface expression and infectivity. | porcine endogenous retrovirus-a (perv-a), a gammaretrovirus, infects human cells in vitro, thus raising the potential risk of cross-species transmission in xenotransplantation. two members of the solute carrier family 52 (slc52a1 and slc52a2) are perv-a receptors. site-directed mutagenesis of the cdna encoding slc52a1 identified that only one of two putative glycosylation signals is occupied by glycans. in addition, we showed that glycosylation of slc52a1 is not necessary for perv-a receptor fun ... | 2017 | 28437635 |
| can antiretroviral drugs be used to treat porcine endogenous retrovirus (perv) infection after xenotransplantation? | porcine endogenous retroviruses (pervs) are integrated in the genome of all pigs; they are released as infectious particles, and under certain conditions they can infect human cells. therefore, they represent a risk when pigs are used as sources of cells, tissues, or organs for xenotransplantation. xenotransplantation is under development due to the increasing shortage of human transplants. whereas most porcine microorganisms which may be able to induce a disease (zoonosis) in the transplant rec ... | 2017 | 28786944 |
| the resurgence of xenotransplantation. | there has been an upsurge of interest in xenotransplantation in recent years. this resurgence can attributed to a combination of factors. first, there has been a dramatic improvement in efficacy in several preclinical models, with maximum xenograft survival times increasing to 950 days for islets, 945 days for hearts, and 310 days for kidneys. second, the rapid development of genome editing technology (particularly the advent of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/cas9) has ... | 2017 | 28397351 |
| novel spheroid reservoir bioartificial liver improves survival of nonhuman primates in a toxin-induced model of acute liver failure. | this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the spheroid reservoir bioartificial liver (srbal) with porcine hepatocyte organoids in a preclinical nonhuman primate model of acute liver failure (alf). methods: thirty healthy rhesus monkeys were infused with α-amanitin and lipopolysaccharide and randomized into five groups (alf alone control group; sham no-cell srbal treatment group; groups a, b and c with srbal treatment started at 12 h, 24 h and 36 h after induction of alf, respec ... | 2018 | 30555564 |
| immunological response in cynomolgus macaques to porcine α-1,3 galactosyltransferase knockout viable skin xenotransplants-a pre-clinical study. | allogeneic skin recovered from human deceased donors (hdd) has been a mainstay interim treatment for severe burns, but unfortunately risk of infectious disease and availability limitations exist. genetically engineered ɑ-1,3 galactosyltransferase knockout (galt-ko) porcine source animals for viable skin xenotransplants may provide a promising clinical alternative. | 2020 | 32781479 |