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the structural stability and chaperone activity of artemin, a ferritin homologue from diapause-destined artemia embryos, depend on different cysteine residues.diapause-destined embryos of the crustacean, artemia franciscana, accumulate large amounts of an oligomeric, heat-stable, molecular chaperone termed artemin, a cysteine-enriched ferritin homologue. in this study, cysteines 22, 61, 166, and 172 of artemin were substituted with alanines, respectively yielding artc22a, artc61a, artc166a, and artc172a. wild-type and modified artemins were synthesized in transformed bacteria and purified. as measured by heat-induced denaturation of citrate synthase i ...201120878295
biochemical studies on sphingolipids of artemia franciscana: novel neutral glycosphingolipids.neutral glycosphingolipids containing one to six sugars in their oligosaccharide chains have been isolated from cysts of the brine shrimp artemia franciscana. the structures of these glycolipids were identified by methylation analysis, partial acid hydrolysis, gas-liquid chromatography, combined gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to be glcβ1-cer, manβ1-4glcβ1 ...201121062954
stress-related proteins compared in diapause and in activated, anoxic encysted embryos of the animal extremophile, artemia franciscana.previous work indicated similarities between diapause and anoxic quiescence in encysted embryos (cysts) of the brine shrimp artemia franciscana. that possibility was examined further in the present study through an immunochemical study of the following stress-related proteins in low speed supernatants and pellets: hsc70, artemin, p26, hsp21, lea group 1 protein and p8. changes in the amounts and locations of these proteins occurred during the initial period after release of diapause cysts from f ...201121147115
mechanisms associated with cellular desiccation tolerance of artemia encysted embryos from locations around the world.using differential scanning calorimetry we demonstrated the presence of biological glasses and measured the glass transition temperatures (tg) in dry encysted gastrula embryos (cysts) of the brine shrimp, artemia, from eleven different locations, two of which provided cysts from parthenogenetic animals. values for tg were highest, by far, in artemia franciscana cysts from the mekong delta, vietnam (vn), these cysts having been produced from previous sequential inoculations into growth ponds of c ...201121664479
diverse lea (late embryogenesis abundant) and lea-like genes and their responses to hypersaline stress in post-diapause embryonic development of artemia franciscana.from post-diapause cysts of artemia franciscana, we defined fourteen lea (late embryogenesis abundant) and lea-like genes, including four novel members (afrlea1-5, afrlea3-5, afrlea3-like1 and afrlea3-like2), which were classified into four groups: g1, g3, g3-like (lea group3-like), and smp-like (seed-maturation-protein-like), based on their conserved and diversified sequence motifs and amino acid compositions among bacteria, plants, and animals. we also validated six representative genes based ...201121620991
plastic ingestion in franciscana dolphins, pontoporia blainvillei (gervais and d'orbigny, 1844), from argentina.plastic debris (pd) ingestion was examined in 106 franciscana dolphins (pontoporia blainvillei) incidentally captured in artisanal fisheries of the northern coast of argentina. twenty-eight percent of the dolphins presented pd in their stomach, but no ulcerations or obstructions were recorded in the digestive tracts. pd ingestion was more frequent in estuarine (34.6%) than in marine (19.2%) environments, but the type of debris was similar. packaging debris (cellophane, bags, and bands) was found ...201121616509
predictive modeling of selenium accumulation in brine shrimp in saline environments.great salt lake, utah, is a large, terminal, hypersaline lake consisting of a northern more saline arm and a southern arm that is less saline. the southern arm supports a seasonally abundant fauna of low diversity consisting of brine shrimp (artemia franciscana), 7 species of brine flies, and multiple species of algae. although fish cannot survive in the main body of the lake, the lake is highly productive, and brine shrimp and brine fly populations support large numbers of migratory waterfowl a ...201121309076
a postexposure feeding assay using the marine polychaete neanthes arenaceodentata suitable for laboratory and in situ exposures.this study examined the suitability for the use of the polychaetous annelid neanthes arenaceodentata in a short-term sublethal bioassay based on postexposure feeding rate. quantification of feeding rate was determined by an approximately 1-h feeding period to artemia franciscana nauplii after a 48-h aqueous exposure. both lethality and feeding rate were assessed after exposure to cu and phenanthrene, with the cu results being compared with those available from similar studies that used the polyc ...201121298715
pbdes in the blubber of marine mammals from coastal areas of são paulo, brazil, southwestern atlantic.limited information is available in the literature on the levels of brominated flame retardants in the southern hemisphere. this study presents concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) in the blubber of small cetaceans from the coast of são paulo (brazil), southwestern atlantic. pbde levels were highest in stenella frontalis (770 ng g(-1) lipid) followed by steno bredanensis (475 ng g(-1) lipid), sotalia guianensis (65.6 ng g(-1) lipid), tursiopstruncatus (64.2 ng g(-1) lipid) an ...201122014918
population genetic structure and social kin associations of franciscana dolphin, pontoporia blainvillei.we investigated population and social structure of the franciscana dolphin, pontoporia blainvillei, an endemic and the most endangered cetacean of the southwestern atlantic ocean. we analyzed samples from the rio de la plata estuary obtained in uruguayan waters and from the atlantic ocean obtained in both uruguayan and brazilian waters. mitochondrial and microsatellite dna markers were used to study differentiation between the estuary and the ocean and the association between kinship and social ...201122013080
male-female coevolution in the wild: evidence from a time series in artemia franciscana.sexual conflicts are ubiquitous in nature and are expected to lead to an antagonistic coevolution between the sexes. this coevolutionary process is driven by selection on sexually antagonistic traits that can either be directional or fluctuating. in this study, we used dormant cysts of artemia franciscana, collected in the same population in three different years over a 23-year period (corresponding to ∼160 generations in this system), to investigate male-female coevolution in natural conditions ...201121967429
the synthesium brachycladiidae odhner, 1905 (digenea) association with hosts based on nuclear and mitochondrial genes.synthesium pontoporiae, exclusive parasite of the endangered dolphin, pontoporia blainvillei, is endemic and restricted to the south atlantic and belongs to the brachycladiidae family odhner, 1905. the study of this family has been limited by the difficulty of accessing the parasites from their marine mammal hosts and as a consequence there is a paucity of genetic information available. herein we present a genetic analysis using 18s rdna sequences of s. pontoporiae and s. tursionis and the nd3 m ...201121864713
embryonic exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of pcb126 affect prey capture ability of fundulus heteroclitus larvae.early life stages from a marine fish species, fundulus heteroclitus, were exposed to sublethal doses of 3,3',4,4',5 pentachlorobiphenyl (pcb126) to evaluate its effects on ecologically relevant responses: growth and behavior. a few hours after fertilisation, eggs were treated topically with pcb126 (2.5-50 pg egg⁻¹). four days post-hatching (dph), morphological changes (body length and malformations), spontaneous locomotor activity (active swimming speed, rate of travel, % inactivity), prey captu ...201121349578
kinase inhibitory, haemolytic and cytotoxic activity of three deep-water sponges from north western australia and their fatty acid composition.the c-amp dependent protein kinase (pka) inhibition, haemolytic activity, and cytoxicity of 21 extracts obtained from north western australian sponges collected from depths of 84-135 m were investigated. hexane extracts from ircinia/sarcotragus sp. and geodia sp. displayed pka inhibitory activities of 100 and 97% respectively (at 100 microg/ml), while aq. methanol extracts from haliclona sp. exhibited potent haemolytic activity (75%) and hexane extracts from geodia sp. were highly toxic (88%) to ...201122312740
organochlorine concentrations in franciscana dolphins, pontoporia blainvillei, from brazilian waters.blubber samples were collected from ten franciscana dolphins either incidentally captured in fishing operations or stranded on são paulo (sp) and paraná (pr) states littoral, southeastern and southern brazilian coast, respectively. determination of pcb, ddt and hcb concentrations were performed by capillary gas chromatograph coupled to electron capture detector (ecd). σddt, σpcb and hcb concentrations ranged from 264 ng g(-1) to 5811 ng g(-1) lipid, from 909 ng g(-1) to 5849 ng g(-1) lipid and f ...201121726890
silver speciation in liver of marine mammals by synchrotron x-ray absorption fine structure and x-ray fluorescence spectroscopies.the chemical form of ag in the livers of five species of marine mammals was examined using x-ray absorption fine structure (xafs) and x-ray fluorescence (xrf) spectroscopies. the xafs analysis suggested that ag(2)se was present in the livers of the franciscana dolphin (pontoporia blainvillei), dall's porpoise (phocoenoides dalli), and baird's beaked whale (berardius bairdii), whereas ag(2)s was present in the livers of the striped dolphin (stenella coeruleoalba) and pygmy killer whale (feresa at ...201121491037
a distinct sequence in the adenine nucleotide translocase from artemia franciscana embryos is associated with insensitivity to bongkrekate and atypical effects of adenine nucleotides on ca2+ uptake and sequestration.mitochondria isolated from embryos of the crustacean artemia franciscana lack the ca(2+)-induced permeability transition pore. although the composition of the pore described in mammalian mitochondria is unknown, the impacts of several effectors of the adenine nucleotide translocase (ant) on pore opening are firmly established. notably, adp, atp and bongkrekate delay, whereas carboxyatractyloside hastens, ca(2+)-induced pore opening. here, we report that adenine nucleotides decreased, whereas car ...201121205213
toxigenicity of enniatins from western australian fusarium species to brine shrimp (artemia franciscana).the high prevalence (14 of 24 isolates) of enniatin-producing isolates from western australian fusarium species isolated from pasture legumes associated with sheep feed refusal and rat deaths, and the high toxicity of their crude extracts to brine shrimp (artemia franciscana) from a previous study warranted further investigation of this class of mycotoxin. crude extracts from fusarium acuminatum, fusarium avenaceum, fusarium tricinctum and fusarium sambucinum, along with enniatins a, a1, b and b ...201121352844
biological responses of a simulated marine food chain to lead addition.this investigation sought to assess the biological responses to pb along a simplified four-level food chain, from the primary producer, the microalgae tetraselmis suecica, grown in a control medium with < 1 µg/l of pb and exposed to a sublethal dose (20 µg/l of pb) and used as the base of a simulated food chain, through the primary-, secondary-, and tertiary-level consumers, namely, the brine shrimp, artemia franciscana; the white-leg shrimp, litopenaeus vannamei; and the grunt fish, haemulon sc ...201121442651
effects of salinity on growth and survival in five artemia franciscana (anostraca: artemiidae) populations from mexico pacific coast.salinity is an important factor influencing growth and survival of aquatic organisms such as artemia, a valuable aquaculture species. this study evaluated the effects of salinity on a. franciscana populations from different water bodies in mexico's pacific coast. with this purpose, five autochthonous bisexual artemia populations were tested to assess their survival and growth values against salinities of 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 g/l, under laboratory conditions (25 +/- 2 degrees c; ph 8-10; const ...201121513197
priming the prophenoloxidase system of artemia franciscana by heat shock proteins protects against vibrio campbellii challenge.like other invertebrates, the brine shrimp artemia franciscana relies solely on innate immunity, which by definition lacks adaptive characteristics, to combat against invading pathogens. one of the innate mechanisms is melanisation of bacteria mediated by the activation of the prophenoloxidase (propo) system. the 70 kda heat shock proteins (hsp70) derived from either prokaryote (escherichia coli) or eukaryote (artemia), well conserved and immune-dominant molecules, protect artemia against vibrio ...201121554959
novel gastric helicobacters and oral campylobacters are present in captive and wild cetaceans.the mammalian gastric and oral mucosa may be colonized by mixed helicobacter and campylobacter species, respectively, in individual animals. to better characterize the presence and distribution of helicobacter and campylobacter among marine mammals, we used pcr and 16s rdna sequence analysis to examine gastric and oral samples from ten dolphins (tursiops gephyreus), one killer whale (orcinus orca), one false killer whale (pseudorca crassidens), and three wild la plata river dolphins (pontoporia ...201121592686
water-structuring technology with the molecular chaperone proteins: indicated application of the ╬▒-crystallin domains and imidazole-containing peptidomimetics in cosmetic skin care systems or dermatological therapeutic drug carrier formulations.changes in structural proteins and hydration during aging are responsible for altered skin morphologic and mechanical properties manifested as wrinkling, sagging, loss of elasticity, and apparent dryness. impairment in protein hydration may add to the ultrastructural, mechanical, and biochemical changes in structural proteins in the aged skin. at innovative vision products, inc., we have pioneered a molecular chaperone protein-activated therapeutic or cosmetic platform to enable simultaneous ana ...201121663576
The dolphin cochlear nucleus: Topography, histology and functional implications.Despite the outstanding auditory capabilities of dolphins, there is only limited information available on the cytology of the auditory brain stem nuclei in these animals. Here, we investigated the cochlear nuclei (CN) of five brains of common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) and La Plata dolphins (Pontoporia blainvillei) using cell and fiber stain microslide series representing the three main anatomical planes. In general, the CN in dolphins comprise the same set of subnuclei as in other mammals. Ho ...201121987441
Effects of a new photoactivatable cationic porphyrin on ciliated protozoa and branchiopod crustaceans, potential components of freshwater ecosystems polluted by pathogenic agents and their vectors.The increasing use of photosensitized processes for disinfection of microbiologically polluted waters requires a precise definition of the factors controlling the degree of photosensitivity in target and non-target organisms. In this regard, tests with protozoa and invertebrates which have a natural habitat in such waters may be used as first screening methods for the assessment of possible hazards for the ecosystem. A new cationic porphyrin, namely meso-tri(N-methyl-pyridyl)mono(N-dodecyl-pyrid ...201122011789
metabolic restructuring during energy-limited states: insights from artemia franciscana embryos and other animals.many life history stages of animals that experience environmental insults enter developmental arrested states that are characterized by reduced cellular proliferation, with or without a concurrent reduction in overall metabolism. in the case of the most profound metabolic arrest reported in invertebrates, i.e., anaerobic quiescence in artemia franciscana embryos, acidification of the intracellular milieu is a major factor governing catabolic and anabolic downregulation. release of ions from intr ...201121335009
resorcinol degradation by a penicillium chrysogenum strain under osmotic stress: mono and binary substrate matrices with phenol.a phenol-degrading penicillium chrysogenum strain previously isolated from a salt mine was able to grow at 1,000 mg l(-1) of resorcinol on solid medium. the aerobic degradation of resorcinol by p. chrysogenum clona2 was studied in batch cultures in minimal mineral medium with 58.5 g l(-1) of sodium chloride using resorcinol as the sole carbon source. the fungal strain showed the ability to degrade up to 250 mg l(-1) of resorcinol. resorcinol and phenol efficiency degradation by p. chrysogenum cl ...201120859653
butyltins degradation by cunninghamella elegans and cochliobolus lunatus co-culture.organotin compounds are ubiquitous in environment. however, biodegradation of tributyltin (tbt) and dibutyltin (dbt) to non toxic metabolites by fungi has been seldom observed. in this study we constructed a fungal co-culture with an efficient ability of tbt and its metabolites removal. the microscopic fungus strain cunninghamella elegans degraded tbt via hydroxybutyldibutyltin (ohbudbt) to its metabolites: dbt and monobutyltin (mbt), which were then transformed by cochliobolus lunatus. the sequ ...201223314396
mycotoxins produced by fusarium spp. associated with fusarium head blight of wheat in western australia.an isolated occurrence of fusarium head blight (fhb) of wheat was detected in the south-west region of western australia during the 2003 harvest season. the molecular identity of 23 isolates of fusarium spp. collected from this region during the fhb outbreak confirmed the associated pathogens to be f. graminearum, f. acuminatum or f. tricinctum. moreover, the toxicity of their crude extracts from czapek-dox liquid broth and millet seed cultures to brine shrimp (artemia franciscana) was associate ...201223606046
light and transmission electron microscopy of vibrio campbellii infection in gnotobiotic artemia franciscana and protection offered by a yeast mutant with elevated cell wall glucan.luminescent vibrios are amongst the most important pathogens in aquaculture, affecting almost all types of cultured organisms. vibrio campbellii is one of these most important pathogens. in this study, the effects of feeding mnn9 yeast cell wall mutant and wild type yeast strain were investigated in the digestive tract of brine shrimp nauplii, artemia franciscana, after experimental infection with v. campbellii (lmg 21363). gnotobiotic a. franciscana nauplii were fed daily with dead aeromonas hy ...201222464490
the small heat shock protein p26 aids development of encysting artemia embryos, prevents spontaneous diapause termination and protects against stress.artemia franciscana embryos enter diapause as encysted gastrulae, a physiological state of metabolic dormancy and enhanced stress resistance. the objective of this study was to use rnai to investigate the function of p26, an abundant, diapause-specific small heat shock protein, in the development and behavior of encysted artemia embryos (cysts). rnai methodology was developed where injection of artemia females with dsrna specifically eliminated p26 from cysts. p26 mrna and protein knock down wer ...201222952748
evaluation of the probiotics bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus plantarum bioencapsulated in artemia nauplii against vibriosis in european sea bass larvae (dicentrarchus labrax, l.).two potential probiotics bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus plantarum were evaluated for use in aquaculture as preventive measures against vibriosis. in vitro evaluation of the probiotics using co-culture assays with the pathogen vibrio anguillarum and testing for the production of antibacterial substances showed the presence of antagonism and confirmed the production of antibacterial substances. both potential probiotics were administered to the live fish feed artemia franciscana nauplii, offe ...201222806117
treatment of vibriosis in european sea bass larvae, dicentrarchus labrax l., with oxolinic acid administered by bath or through medicated nauplii of artemia franciscana (kellogg): efficacy and residual kinetics.european sea bass larvae were challenged by bath with listonella anguillarum strain 332a, 2.5×10(7) cfuml(-1) for 1h. fish either received no treatment or oral treatment with artemia franciscana (kellog) nauplii enriched with oxolinic acid, or bath treatments with oxolinic acid. medication commenced 1day following challenge and was performed on days 1, 3 and 5 post-challenge at a dosage of 20mgl(-1) for 2h for bath treatments, while two doses each of 750 nauplii per fish were administered daily ...201222670590
monitoring of vibrio harveyi quorum sensing activity in real time during infection of brine shrimp larvae.quorum sensing, bacterial cell-to-cell communication, has been linked to the virulence of pathogenic bacteria. indeed, in vitro experiments have shown that many bacterial pathogens regulate the expression of virulence genes by this cell-to-cell communication process. moreover, signal molecules have been detected in samples retrieved from infected hosts and quorum sensing disruption has been reported to result in reduced virulence in different host-pathogen systems. however, data on in vivo quoru ...201222673627
bacteriostatic anti-vibrio parahaemolyticus activity of pseudoalteromonas sp. strains dit09, dit44 and dit46 isolated from southern chilean intertidal perumytilus purpuratus.we characterised the anti-vibrio parahaemolyticus (anti-v. parahaemolyticus) marine bacteria dit09, dit44 and dit46 isolated from the intertidal mussel perumytilus purpuratus. the 16s rrna gene sequences identify a pseudoalteromonas sp. that form a clade with p. prydzensis and p. mariniglutinosa. the strains produced bacteriostatic anti-v. parahaemolyticus agents during the exponential growth phase, which were also active against v. cholerae and v. anguillarum, but not on other gram positive and ...201222806110
absence of ca2+-induced mitochondrial permeability transition but presence of bongkrekate-sensitive nucleotide exchange in c. crangon and p. serratus.mitochondria from the embryos of brine shrimp (artemia franciscana) do not undergo ca(2+)-induced permeability transition in the presence of a profound ca(2+) uptake capacity. furthermore, this crustacean is the only organism known to exhibit bongkrekate-insensitive mitochondrial adenine nucleotide exchange, prompting the conjecture that refractoriness to bongkrekate and absence of ca(2+)-induced permeability transition are somehow related phenomena. here we report that mitochondria isolated fro ...201222768139
toxicity evaluation of diethylene glycol and its combined effects with produced waters of off-shore gas platforms in the adriatic sea (italy): bioassays with marine/estuarine species.diethylene glycol (deg) is commonly used to dehydrate natural gas in off-shore extraction plants and to prevent formation of gas hydrates. it may be released into the sea accidentally or in discharged produced waters (pws). pws samples from off-shore gas platforms in the adriatic sea (italy) have been used in this study. the objectives of the study were: a) to evaluate the toxicity of deg for marine organisms; b) to evaluate if a high deg content in pws may alter their toxicity; c) to verify whe ...201222245535
moisture source and diet affect development and reproduction of orius thripoborus and orius naivashae, two predatory anthocorids from southern africa.the effect of moisture source and diet on the development and reproduction of the pirate bugs, orius thripoborus (hesse) and orius naivashae (poppius) (hemiptera: anthocoridae) was examined in the laboratory. both species had been collected in and around sugarcane fields in south africa. supplementing eggs of the flour moth ephestia kuehniella (zeller) (lepidoptera: pyralidae) with a green bean pod as a moisture source yielded better nymphal survival and faster development, as compared with free ...201222935002
assessing host-parasite specificity through coprological analysis: a case study with species of corynosoma (acanthocephala: polymorphidae) from marine mammals.in this paper we report an investigation of the utility of coprological analysis as an alternative technique to study parasite specificity whenever host sampling is problematic; acanthocephalans from marine mammals were used as a model. a total of 252 scats from the south american sea lion, otaria flavescens, and rectal faeces from 43 franciscanas, pontoporia blainvillei, from buenos aires province, were examined for acanthocephalans. specimens of two species, i.e. corynosoma australe and c. cet ...201221554836
the early bird gets the shrimp: confronting assumptions of isotopic equilibrium and homogeneity in a wild bird population.1. because stable isotope distributions in organic material vary systematically across energy gradients that exist in ecosystems, community and population structures, and in individual physiological systems, isotope values in animal tissues have helped address a broad range of questions in animal ecology. it follows that every tissue sample provides an isotopic profile that can be used to study dietary or movement histories of individual animals. interpretations of these profiles depend on the a ...201222631029
[isolation and identification of brine shrimp lethal activities from derris trifoliata].to study the brine shrimp lethal activities of the roots and stems from derris trifoliata.201223213734
a revision of artemia biodiversity in macaronesia.in a biogeographical context, the term macaronesia broadly embraces the north atlantic archipelagos of the azores, madeira, selvagens, the canary islands, and cape verde. the peculiar arid climatic conditions in some of these places have led to the development of marine salt exploitations, which can be counted among the hypersaline habitats of the brine shrimp artemia (branchiopoda, anostraca). parthenogenetic populations of this anostracan were described in the canary islands during the last de ...201223075404
dechlorane-related compounds in franciscana dolphin (pontoporia blainvillei) from southeastern and southern coast of brazil.concentrations of dechlorane (dec) 603 (0.75 ng/g lipid weight (lw); mean) and dec 602 (0.38 ng/g lw; mean) were quantified in more than 95% of the franciscana (pontoporia blainvillei) dolphin samples, whereas the frequency of detection decreased to 75% for dechlorane plus (dp) (1.53 ng/g lw, mean). the presence of chlordene plus (cp) was also observed (0.13 ng/g lw, mean) in half of the samples. on the contrary, dec 604, decachloropentacyclooctadecadiene (acl(10)dp), and undecachloropentacycloo ...201223016984
chlorine disinfection by-products in wastewater effluent: bioassay-based assessment of toxicological impact.the potential ecological impact of disinfection by-products (dbps) present in chlorinated wastewater effluents is not well understood. in this study, the chlorinated effluent of traditional wastewater treatment plants (wwtps) and advanced water reclamation plants (awrps) supplying highly-treated recycled water were analyzed for nitrosamines and trihalomethanes (thms), and a battery of bioassays conducted to assess effluent toxicity. an increase in general toxicity from dbps was revealed for all ...201222981491
seasonal alterations of landfill leachate composition and toxic potency in semi-arid regions.the present study investigates seasonal variations of leachate composition and its toxic potency on different species, such as the brine shrimp artemia franciscana (formerly artemia salina), the fairy shrimp thamnocephalus platyurus, the estuarine rotifer brachionus plicatilis and the microalgal flagellate dunaliella tertiolecta. in specific, leachate regularly collected from the municipal landfill site of aigeira (peloponissos, greece) during the year 2011, showed significant alterations of alm ...201222819480
natural and anthropogenically-produced brominated compounds in endemic dolphins from western south atlantic: another risk to a vulnerable species.liver samples from 53 franciscana dolphins along the brazilian coast were analyzed for organobrominated compounds. target substances included the following anthropogenic pollutants: polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes), polybrominated biphenyls (pbbs), pentabromoethylbenzene (pbeb), hexabromobenzene (hbb), decabromodiphenylethane (dbdpe), as well as the naturally-generated methoxylated-pbdes (meo-pbdes). pbde concentrations ranged from 6 to 1797 ng/g lw (mean 166 ± 298 ng/g lw) and were simila ...201222797349
pyrethroids: a new threat to marine mammals?the present study constitutes the first investigation to demonstrate pyrethroid bioaccumulation in marine mammals, despite the assumption that these insecticides are converted to non-toxic metabolites by hydrolysis in mammals. twelve pyrethroids were determined in liver samples from 23 male franciscana dolphins from brazil. the median concentration values for total pyrethroids were 7.04 and 68.4 ng/g lw in adults and calves, respectively. permethrin was the predominant compound, contributing for ...201222796891
decoupling elongation and segmentation: notch involvement in anostracan crustacean segmentation.repeated body segments are a key feature of arthropods. the formation of body segments occurs via distinct developmental pathways within different arthropod clades. although some species form their segments simultaneously without any accompanying measurable growth, most arthropods add segments sequentially from the posterior of the growing embryo or larva. the use of notch signaling is increasingly emerging as a common feature of sequential segmentation throughout the bilateria, as inferred from ...201222765208
echolocation behavior of franciscana dolphins (pontoporia blainvillei) in the wild.franciscana dolphins are small odontocetes hard to study in the field. in particular, little is known on their echolocation behavior in the wild. in this study we recorded 357 min and analyzed 1019 echolocation signals in the rio negro estuary, argentina. the clicks had a peak frequency at 139 khz, and a bandwidth of 19 khz, ranging from 130 to 149 khz. this is the first study describing echolocation signals of franciscana dolphins in the wild, showing the presence of narrow-band high frequency ...201222713020
selected morphological changes in artemia franciscana after ionizing radiation exposure.nauplii of artemia franciscana were irradiated by the doses of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 kgy (60)co. dimensions of the body length, body width, intestine width, intestine epithelium width, and intestine lumen width, as well as the mutual ratios of dimensions were determined in 126 specimens. ratios of the body length/body width (3.98, 3.60, 3.59, and 3.45 vs. 4.13 of control group), and ratios of the intestine epithelium width/intestine lumen width (0.64, 0.52, 0.51, and 0.45 vs. 0.85 of control g ...201222673764
recreating the seawater mixture composition of hocs in toxicity tests with artemia franciscana by passive dosing.the toxicity testing of hydrophobic organic compounds (hocs) in aquatic media is generally challenging, and this is even more problematic for mixtures. the hydrophobic properties of these compounds make them difficult to dissolve, and subsequently to maintain constant exposure concentrations. evaporative and sorptive losses are highly compound-specific, which can alter not only total concentrations, but also the proportions between the compounds in the mixture. therefore, the general aim of this ...201222609739
long-term lethal toxicity test with the crustacean artemia franciscana.our research activities target the use of biological methods for the evaluation of environmental quality, with particular reference to saltwater/brackish water and sediment. the choice of biological indicators must be based on reliable scientific knowledge and, possibly, on the availability of standardized procedures. in this article, we present a standardized protocol that used the marine crustacean artemia to evaluate the toxicity of chemicals and/or of marine environmental matrices. scientist ...201222525984
reproductive aspects of male franciscana dolphins (pontoporia blainvillei) off argentina.as the first study to investigate reproductive aspects of male franciscana dolphin -pontoporia blainvillei - in argentine waters, the aim of this paper was to assess sexual maturity by using histological and morphometric methods. p. blainvillei was labeled as "vulnerable" by the iucn in 2008. the specimens analyzed were either incidentally caught in artisanal fishing nets (n=47) or found stranded on the beach (n=3). testis weight and testicular index of maturity were reliable indicators of sexua ...201222406424
210polonium content of small cetaceans from southeastern brazil.the (210)po concentration of muscle and liver samples obtained from dolphins stranded on beaches in the southeastern region of rio de janeiro state was analyzed in the present study. the samples were primarily obtained from "franciscana" (pontoporia blainvillei) and "guiana" dolphins (sotalia guianensis); however, samples from four other species were also evaluated. the (210)po concentration of muscle samples obtained from "franciscana" dolphins (66.7±6.7, n=8)bq kg(-1)w.w. was greater than that ...201222304998
gross and microscopic observations on the lingual structure of the franciscana (pontoporia blainvillei--gervais and d'orbigny, 1844).in most anatomical studies developed with mammals, the tongue is described as highly differentiated among different species. however, studies on the tongue of aquatic mammals are still limited as compared to those on terrestrial mammals. the aim of this study was to describe the tongue morphology of the franciscana dolphin (pontoporia blainvillei) using macroscopic observations, light, and scanning electron microscopy. microscopically, the dorsal surface was covered by a keratinized stratified e ...201222298326
a freshwater amphipod toxicity test based on postexposure feeding and the population consumption inhibitory concentration.consumption inhibition in natural populations, namely due to contaminants, may have direct and immediate effects on ecosystems, by hampering ecosystem key functions (e.g., organic matter decomposition, grazing), long before effects at the individual level (e.g., reproduction, growth, emergence) have time-delayed consequences at successively higher levels of biological organization. the present study aimed at developing a cost-effective (short and easy) toxicity test based on the postexposure fee ...201222189376
biochemical studies on sphingolipids of artemia franciscana: complex neutral glycosphingolipids.brine shrimp are primitive crustacean arthropodal model organisms, second to daphnia, which can survive in high-salinity environments. their oviposited cysts, cuticle-covered diapausing eggs, are highly resistant to dryness. to elucidate specialties of brine shrimp, this study characterized glycosphingolipids, which are signal transduction-associated material. a group of novel and complex fucosyl glycosphingolipids were separated and identified from cysts of the brine shrimp artemia franciscana ...201322890904
high hatching rates after cryopreservation of hydrated cysts of the brine shrimp a. franciscana.cysts of artemia franciscana are known to be extremely tolerant to uv and ionizing radiation, hypoxia, dryness, osmotic pressure, and temperatures. however, when cysts are hydrated, their resistance to extreme environmental conditions is markedly reduced, and they subsequently enter a developmental sequence. the hatching rate of hydrated cysts declined when they were rapidly frozen after a short period of hydration but slow freezing improved hatching rates after 6-h hydration (1.4 g h2o per g dr ...201321766150
mechanisms associated with cellular desiccation tolerance in the animal extremophile artemia.using differential scanning calorimetry, we demonstrated the presence of biological glasses and measured the transition temperatures in dry encysted embryos (cysts) of the brine shrimp, artemia franciscana. cysts from the following three geographic locations were studied: san francisco bay (sfb); the great salt lake, utah (gsl); and the mekong delta, vietnam (vn; these cysts were produced from previous sequential inoculations of sfb cysts into growth ponds). values for the glass transition tempe ...201321527815
bird migratory flyways influence the phylogeography of the invasive brine shrimp artemia franciscana in its native american range.since darwin's time, waterbirds have been considered an important vector for the dispersal of continental aquatic invertebrates. bird movements have facilitated the worldwide invasion of the american brine shrimp artemia franciscana, transporting cysts (diapausing eggs), and favouring rapid range expansions from introduction sites. here we address the impact of bird migratory flyways on the population genetic structure and phylogeography of a. franciscana in its native range in the americas. we ...201324255814
removal of phosphorus from wastewaters by biomass ashes.removal batch assays of phosphates from a synthetic wastewater (sww) and a pulp and paper mill wastewater (ppww) with two forestry biomass ashes were performed. the supernatants were not only chemically characterized but also the ecotoxicity was determined using two organisms: vibrio fischeri and artemia franciscana. the addition of fly ash and bottom ash to the sww in solid/liquid (s/l) ratios of 3.35 and 9.05 g l(-1), respectively, achieved removal percentages of phosphates >97% for both ashes ...201324225103
determination of extremely high pressure tolerance of brine shrimp larvae by using a new pressure chamber system.hydrostatic pressure is the only one of a range of environmental parameters (water temperature, salinity, light availability, and so on) that increases in proportion with depth. pressure tolerance is therefore essential to understand the foundation of populations and current diversity of faunal compositions at various depths. in the present study, we used a newly developed pressure chamber system to examine changes in larval activity of the salt-lake crustacean, artemia franciscana, in response ...201324224473
maternal transfer of inorganic mercury and methylmercury in aquatic and terrestrial arthropods.the transfer of mercury from females to their offspring plays an important role in mercury accumulation and toxicity during early development. to quantify the transfer of inorganic mercury and methylmercury from female arthropods to their eggs, the authors collected and analyzed brine shrimp (artemia franciscana), wolf spiders (alopecosa spp.), and their attached eggs from aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems at the great salt lake, utah, usa. essentially all of the mercury in both the female brin ...201323939924
functional differentiation of small heat shock proteins in diapause-destined artemia embryos.encysted embryos of artemia franciscana cease development and enter diapause, a state of metabolic suppression and enhanced stress tolerance. the development of diapause-destined artemia embryos is characterized by the coordinated synthesis of the small heat shock proteins (shsps) p26, arhsp21 and arhsp22, with the latter being stress inducible in adults. the amounts of shsp mrna and protein varied in artemia cysts, suggesting transcriptional and translational regulation. by contrast to p26, kno ...201323879561
fine scale distribution constrains cadmium accumulation rates in two geographical groups of franciscana dolphin from argentina.franciscana dolphin is an endemic cetacean in the southwestern atlantic ocean and is classified as vulnerable a3d by the international union for conservation of nature. cadmium accumulation was assessed in two geographic groups from argentina; one inhabits the la plata river estuary, a high anthropogenic impacted environment, and the other is distributed in marine coastal, with negligible pollution. despite the environment, marine dolphins showed an increase of renal cd concentrations since trop ...201323743272
a laboratory and in situ postexposure feeding assay with a freshwater snail.contaminant-driven feeding inhibition has direct and immediate consequences at higher levels of biological organization, by depressing the population consumption and thus hampering ecosystem functioning (e.g., grazing, organic matter decomposition). the present study aimed at developing a short-term laboratory and in situ assay based on the postexposure feeding of the freshwater snail theodoxus fluviatilis. a method to precisely quantify feeding rates was first developed, consisting of a 3-h fee ...201323733247
mitochondrial genome sequences of artemia tibetiana and artemia urmiana: assessing molecular changes for high plateau adaptation.brine shrimps, artemia (crustacea, anostraca), inhabit hypersaline environments and have a broad geographical distribution from sea level to high plateaus. artemia therefore possess significant genetic diversity, which gives them their outstanding adaptability. to understand this remarkable plasticity, we sequenced the mitochondrial genomes of two artemia tibetiana isolates from the tibetan plateau in china and one artemia urmiana isolate from lake urmia in iran and compared them with the genome ...201323633076
first determination of uv filters in marine mammals. octocrylene levels in franciscana dolphins.most current bioexposure assessments for uv filters focus on contaminants concentrations in fish from river and lake. to date there is not information available on the occurrence of uv filters in marine mammals. this is the first study to investigate the presence of sunscreen agents in tissue liver of franciscana dolphin (pontoporia blainvillei), a species under special measures for conservation. fifty six liver tissue samples were taken from dead individuals accidentally caught or found strande ...201323627728
molecular identification of microorganisms associated with the brine shrimp artemia franciscana.prior research on the microorganisms associated with the brine shrimp, artemia franciscana, has mainly been limited to culture-based identification techniques or feeding studies for aquaculture. our objective was to identify bacteria and archaea associated with artemia adults and encysted embryos to understand the role of microbes in the artemia life cycle and, therefore, their importance in a hypersaline food chain.201323497541
a first aflp-based genetic linkage map for brine shrimp artemia franciscana and its application in mapping the sex locus.we report on the construction of sex-specific linkage maps, the identification of sex-linked markers and the genome size estimation for the brine shrimp artemia franciscana. overall, from the analysis of 433 aflp markers segregating in a 112 full-sib family we identified 21 male and 22 female linkage groups (2n = 42), covering 1,041 and 1,313 cm respectively. fifteen putatively homologous linkage groups, including the sex linkage groups, were identified between the female and male linkage map. e ...201323469207
metabolic downregulation and inhibition of carbohydrate catabolism during diapause in embryos of artemia franciscana.diapause embryos were collected from ovigerous females of artemia franciscana at the great salt lake, utah, and were synchronized to within 4 h of release. respiration rate for these freshly released embryos across a subsequent 26-d time course showed a rapid decrease during the first several days followed thereafter by a much slower decline. the overall metabolic depression was estimated to be greater than 99%. however, proton conductance of mitochondria isolated from diapause and postdiapause ...201323303325
mechanical properties of dental tissues in dolphins (cetacea: delphinoidea and inioidea).(1) mammalian teeth play a major role in food acquisition and processing. while most mammals are heterodont and masticate their food, dolphins are homodont with simplified tooth morphology and negligible mastication. understanding mechanical properties of dental tissues in dolphins is fundamental to elucidate the functional morphology and biomechanics of their feeding apparatus. this paper aims to study the hardness and elastic modulus of enamel and dentine in dolphins. (2) teeth of 10 extant sp ...201323290354
a gnotobiotic model system: the case of artemia franciscana. 201325141743
effect of environmental factors on heritability and its biometrics of artemia franciscana vinh chau by mass selection of small sized cysts. 201325141698
toxic risk associated with sporadic occurrences of microcystis aeruginosa blooms from tidal rivers in marine and estuarine ecosystems and its impact on artemia franciscana nauplii populations.microcystis aeruginosa is a species of freshwater cyanobacteria which can form harmful algal blooms in freshwater water bodies worldwide. however, in spite its sporadic occurrences for short periods of time in estuarine waters, their influence on zooplankton populations present in these ecosystems has not been extensively studied. in this work, artemia franciscana was used as test organism model, studying mortality against several strains of m. aeruginosa with different degrees of toxigenicity, ...201323246722
the distribution of fruit and seed toxicity during development for eleven neotropical trees and vines in central panama.secondary compounds in fruit mediate interactions with natural enemies and seed dispersers, influencing plant survival and species distributions. the functions of secondary metabolites in plant defenses have been well-studied in green tissues, but not in reproductive structures of plants. in this study, the distribution of toxicity within plants was quantified and its influence on seed survival was determined in central panama. to investigate patterns of allocation to chemical defenses and shift ...201323843965
selenium biotransformations in an engineered aquatic ecosystem for bioremediation of agricultural wastewater via brine shrimp production.an engineered aquatic ecosystem was specifically designed to bioremediate selenium (se), occurring as oxidized inorganic selenate from hypersalinized agricultural drainage water while producing brine shrimp enriched in organic se and omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids for use in value added nutraceutical food supplements. selenate was successfully bioremediated by microalgal metabolism into organic se (seleno-amino acids) and partially removed via gaseous volatile se formation. furthermore, filter- ...201323621086
improved tolerance to salt and water stress in drosophila melanogaster cells conferred by late embryogenesis abundant protein.mechanisms that govern anhydrobiosis involve the accumulation of highly hydrophilic macromolecules, such as late embryogenesis abundant (lea) proteins. group 1 lea proteins comprised of 181 (aflea1.1) and 197 (aflea1.3) amino acids were cloned from embryos of artemia franciscana and expressed in drosophila melanogaster cells (kc167). confocal microscopy revealed a construct composed of green fluorescent protein (gfp) and aflea1.3 accumulates in the mitochondria (aflea1.3-gfp), while aflea1.1-gfp ...201323376561
small cetaceans found stranded or accidentally captured in southeastern brazil: bioindicators of essential and non-essential trace elements in the environment.essential (cu, mn, se and zn) and non-essential (cd and hg) elements were analyzed in the hepatic tissue of 22 individuals of seven different species of small cetaceans (feresa attenuata; orcinus orca; pontoporia blainvillei; sotalia guianensis; stenella frontalis; steno bredanensis; tursiops truncatus) accidentally caught in fishing nets or found stranded along the northern coast of the state of rio de janeiro, brazil, between 2001 and 2010. atlantic spotted dolphin (s. frontalis) showed the hi ...201323993648
high accumulation of pcdd, pcdf, and pcb congeners in marine mammals from brazil: a serious pcb problem.blubber samples from three delphinid species (false killer whale, guiana and rough-toothed dolphin), as well as liver samples from franciscana dolphins were analyzed for dioxins and related compounds (drcs). samples were collected from 35 cetaceans stranded or incidentally captured in a highly industrialized and urbanized area (southeast and southern brazilian regions). dioxin-like pcbs accounted for over 83% of the total teq for all cetaceans. non-ortho coplanar pcbs, for franciscanas (82%), an ...201323827355
[evaluation of psilocybe cubensis (agaricales, basidiomycota) toxicity over artemia franciscana (crustacea, anostraca)].psilocybe cubensis is a species with psychodysleptic action that grows on cattle dung in pastures in the tropics and subtropics. this fungus has been widely used in mexico since ancient times both for ceremonies and rituals, as well as for healing or medicinal purposes. artemia franciscana is a crustacean frequently used as a model organism for toxicity testing.201322728109
the apparent quorum-sensing inhibitory activity of pyrogallol is a side effect of peroxide production.there currently is more and more interest in the use of natural products, such as tea polyphenols, as therapeutic agents. the polyphenol compound pyrogallol has been reported before to inhibit quorum-sensing-regulated bioluminescence in vibrio harveyi. here, we report that the addition of 10 mg · liter(-1) pyrogallol protects both brine shrimp (artemia franciscana) and giant river prawn (macrobrachium rosenbergii) larvae from pathogenic vibrio harveyi, whereas the compound showed relatively low ...201323545532
multigenerational demographic responses of sexual and asexual artemia to chronic genotoxicity by a reference mutagen.genotoxins are capable of multigenerational impacts on natural populations via dna damage and mutations. sexual reproduction is assumed to reduce the long term consequences of genotoxicity for individual fitness and should therefore reduce population level effects. however, rather few empirical studies have quantified the magnitude of this effect. we tried to analyse the multigenerational demographic responses of sexual artemia franciscana and asexual artemia parthenogenetica due to chronic geno ...201324141038
effects of genotoxicity and its consequences at the population level in sexual and asexual artemia assessed by analysis of inter-simple sequence repeats (issr).there is considerable evidence that genetic damage in organisms occurs in the environment as a result of exposure to genotoxins and ionising radiation, but we have limited understanding of the extent to which this results in adverse consequences at a population level. we used inter-simple sequence repeat (issr) markers to quantify genotoxic effects of the mutagen ethylmethane sulfonate (ems) on a sexual (artemia franciscana) and an asexual (artemia parthenogenetica) species of brine shrimp. the ...201323872504
cryptic microsporidian parasites differentially affect invasive and native artemia spp.we investigated the host specificity of two cryptic microsporidian species (anostracospora rigaudi and enterocytospora artemiae) infecting invasive (artemia franciscana) and native (artemia parthenogenetica) hosts in sympatry. anostracospora rigaudi was on average four times more prevalent in the native host, whereas e. artemiae was three times more prevalent in the invasive host. infection with an. rigaudi strongly reduced female reproduction in both host species, whereas infection with e. arte ...201323851079
cytological, molecular and life cycle characterization of anostracospora rigaudi n. g., n. sp. and enterocytospora artemiae n. g., n. sp., two new microsporidian parasites infecting gut tissues of the brine shrimp artemia.two new microsporidia, anostracospora rigaudi n. g., n. sp., and enterocytospora artemiae n. g., n. sp. infecting the intestinal epithelium of artemia parthenogenetica bowen and sterling, 1978 and artemia franciscana kellogg, 1906 in southern france are described. molecular analyses revealed the two species belong to a clade of microsporidian parasites that preferentially infect the intestinal epithelium of insect and crustacean hosts. these parasites are morphologically distinguishable from oth ...201323731593
differential responses of sexual and asexual artemia to genotoxicity by a reference mutagen: is the comet assay a reliable predictor of population level responses?the impact of chronic genotoxicity to natural populations is always questioned due to their reproductive surplus. we used a comet assay to quantify primary dna damage after exposure to a reference mutagen ethyl methane sulfonate in two species of crustacean with different reproductive strategies (sexual artemia franciscana and asexual artemia parthenogenetica). we then assessed whether this predicted individual performance and population growth rate over three generations. artemia were exposed t ...201323414719
why join groups? lessons from parasite-manipulated artemia.grouping behaviours (e.g. schooling, shoaling and swarming) are commonly explicated through adaptive hypotheses such as protection against predation, access to mates or improved foraging. however, the hypothesis that aggregation can result from manipulation by parasites to increase their transmission has never been demonstrated. we investigated this hypothesis using natural populations of two crustacean hosts (artemia franciscana and artemia parthenogenetica) infected with one cestode and two mi ...201323351125
the vibrio campbellii quorum sensing signals have a different impact on virulence of the bacterium towards different crustacean hosts.pathogenic bacteria communicate with small signal molecules in a process called quorum sensing, and they often use different signal molecules to regulate virulence gene expression. vibrio campbellii, one of the major pathogens of aquatic organisms, regulates virulence gene expression by a three channel quorum sensing system. here we show that although they use a common signal transduction cascade, the signal molecules have a different impact on the virulence of the bacterium towards different ho ...201324055027
the suppressor of aac2 lethality sal1 modulates sensitivity of heterologously expressed artemia adp/atp carrier to bongkrekate in yeast.the adp/atp carrier protein (aac) expressed in artemia franciscana is refractory to bongkrekate. we generated two strains of saccharomyces cerevisiae where aac1 and aac3 were inactivated and the aac2 isoform was replaced with artemia aac containing a hemagglutinin tag (araac-ha). in one of the strains the suppressor of δaac2 lethality, sal1, was also inactivated but a plasmid coding for yeast aac2 was included, because the araacδsal1δ strain was lethal. in both strains araac-ha was expressed and ...201324073201
surface area estimation of the gut segments of artemia franciscana nauplii fed with mnn9 yeast vs. wild type yeast. 201325141655
feeding truncated heat shock protein 70s protect artemia franciscana against virulent vibrio campbellii challenge.the 70 kda heat shock proteins (hsp70s) are highly conserved in evolution, leading to striking similarities in structure and composition between eukaryotic hsp70s and their homologs in prokaryotes. the eukaryotic hsp70 like the dnak (escherichia coli equivalent hsp70) protein, consist of three functionally distinct domains: an n-terminal 44-kda atpase portion, an 18-kda peptide-binding domain and a c-terminal 10-kda fragment. previously, the amino acid sequence of eukaryotic (the brine shrimp ar ...201323092733
alachlor oxidation by the filamentous fungus paecilomyces marquandii.alachlor, a popular chloroacetanilide herbicide, can be a potential health risk factor. soil microorganisms are primarily responsible for conversion and migration of alachlor in natural environment, but knowledge concerning alachlor biodegradation is not complete. therefore, we studied the ability of paecilomyces marquandii, soil fungus tolerant to heavy metals, to eliminate alachlor and proposed a new pathway of its transformation. after 7 days of incubation only 3.3% of alachlor was detected f ...201323974531
group 1 lea proteins, an ancestral plant protein group, are also present in other eukaryotes, and in the archeae and bacteria domains.water is an essential element for living organisms, such that various responses have evolved to withstand water deficit in all living species. the study of these responses in plants has had particular relevance given the negative impact of water scarcity on agriculture. among the molecules highly associated with plant responses to water limitation are the so-called late embryogenesis abundant (lea) proteins. these proteins are ubiquitous in the plant kingdom and accumulate during the late phase ...201323861025
artificial and factitious foods support the development and reproduction of the predatory mite amblyseius swirskii.the generalist predatory mite amblyseius swirskii athias-henriot (acari: phytoseiidae) was reared on ephestia kuehniella zeller eggs (lepidoptera: pyralidae), decapsulated dry cysts of the brine shrimp artemia franciscana kellogg (anostraca: artemiidae), and on meridic artificial diets (composed of honey, sucrose, tryptone, yeast extract, and egg yolk) supplemented with pupal hemolymph of the chinese oak silkworm antheraea pernyi (guérin-méneville) (lepidoptera: saturniidae) (ad1), with e. kuehn ...201424154947
characterization of the distal-less gene homologue, nldll, in the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens (stål).the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens (stål), is a globally devastating insect pest of rice, particularly in eastern asia. distal-less or dll is a highly conserved and well studied transcription factor required for limb formation in invertebrates and vertebrates. we have identified a homologue of this gene, nldll, and demonstrated that it is expressed in all life stages of n. lugens, particularly in adult brachypterous females. when we compared between specific adult tissues it was expressed ...201424321689
taxonomic utility of niche models in validating species concepts: a case study in anthophora (heliophila) (hymenoptera: apidae).taxonomy has far-reaching effects throughout biology, and incorrect taxonomy can be detrimental in many ways. polymorphic species complexes, many of which exist in the bee genus anthophora latreille, lend themselves to such difficulties. this study employs environmental niche mapping (enm) and traditional morphological analyses to investigate the validity of the subjective synonymy of anthophora (heliophila) curta provancher with the senior synonym a. squammulosa dours. eleven of fifty morpholog ...201425112259
bacillus sp. lt3 improves the survival of gnotobiotic brine shrimp (artemia franciscana) larvae challenged with vibrio campbellii by enhancing the innate immune response and by decreasing the activity of shrimp-associated vibrios.bacteria belonging to the genus bacillus are amongst the most intensively studied group of bacteria for use as probiotics in aquaculture. however, the exact mechanism of action of these bacteria is often not well described, and the microbiota that are naturally present in cultures of test organisms often compromise the interpretation of the results. the present study aimed to evaluate the putative probiotic effect of bacillus sp. lt3 in a model system with gnotobiotic brine shrimp artemia franci ...201425190276
how marine debris ingestion differs among megafauna species in a tropical coastal area.the marine debris ingested by megafauna species (trichiurus lepturus, chelonia mydas, pontoporia blainvillei, and sotalia guianensis) was recorded in a coastal area of southeastern brazil (21-23°s). marine debris was recorded in all species, mainly consisting of plastic material (flexible and hard plastics - clear, white, and colored- and nylon filaments). the 'pelagic predators' t. lepturus and s. guianesis showed the lowest percent frequencies of debris ingestion (0.7% and 1.3%, respectively), ...201425256299
a comparative toxicity study between an autochthonous artemia and a non native invasive species.acute heavy metal toxicity was compared in nauplii of an autochthonous artemia parthenogenetica (branchiopoda, anostraca) from saline di cervia (ravenna, italy) and of a non native commercially available a. franciscana. no significant difference in sensitivity was detected between two species.201424825725
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