Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| mutations in the adenovirus major late promoter: effects on viability and transcription during infection. | we developed an experimental system to examine the effects of mutations in the adenovirus major late promoter in its correct genomic location during a productive infection. a virus was constructed whose genome could be digested to give a rightward terminal dna fragment extending from the xhoi site at 22.9 map units, which can be ligated or recombined with plasmid dna containing adenovirus sequences extending from 0 to 22.9 or 26.5 map units, respectively. mutations were made by bisulfite mutagen ... | 1987 | 3561409 |
| nucleotide sequence and in vitro expression of rubella virus 24s subgenomic messenger rna encoding the structural proteins e1, e2 and c. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the 24s subgenomic mrna of wild-type m33 strain rubella virus has been determined. this rna is 3,383 nucleotides in length excluding the 3'-terminal poly(a) tract. after the three multiple in-phase termination codons clustered in the 5' terminus of this rna, there are 81 nucleotides of nontranslated nucleic acid followed by a reading frame of 2,978 nucleotides that encodes the 110 kd precursor of the structural proteins. the 3'-untranslated region is 263 nucle ... | 1987 | 3562245 |
| nucleotide sequence of the genes coding for the membrane glycoproteins e1 and e2 of rubella virus. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the genes coding for the two membrane glycoproteins e1 and e2 of rubella virus has been determined from cloned cdna derived from the 40s genomic rna. a sequence of 2451 nucleotides extending from the poly(a) tract towards the 5' end is presented. within one continuous open reading frame e2 is located amino-terminally followed by e1 and a 58 residue long untranslated 3' region preceding the poly(a) tract. the coding regions of e2 and e1 are unusually g/c rich, ... | 1987 | 3655744 |
| structural proteins of bovine coronavirus and their intracellular processing. | the quebec isolate of bovine coronavirus (bcv) was found to contain four unique major structural proteins. these proteins consisted of the peplomeric protein (gp190/e2, gp100/e2), the nucleocapsid protein (p53/n) and its apparent trimer (p160/n), a family of small matrix glycoproteins (gp26/e1, gp25/e1 and p23/e1) and the putative haemagglutinin (gp124/e3). pulse-chase experiments utilizing polyclonal antiserum and monoclonal antibodies indicated that the unique bcv e3 protein had its primary pr ... | 1987 | 3681266 |
| structure, dnasei hypersensitivity and expression of integrated papilloma virus in the genome of hela cells. | three integrated copies of human papilloma virus-18 (hpv-18) have been identified in hela dna as hindiii bands. hpv-18 has no hindiii restriction site in its genome. the three segments: a, 8.4 kb; b, 7.9 kb and c, 5.8 kb, have an incomplete viral genome. all of them have most of the 1.1-kb bamh1 non-coding fragment of hpv-18, which seems to contain the viral origin of replication and regulatory elements. two of the segments (a and b) have a common 5'-end break-point in the viral genome within th ... | 1987 | 2439332 |
| epitope-specific antibody responses to virulent and avirulent feline infectious peritonitis virus isolates. | feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) has been isolated several times from infected cats. some of these isolates vary markedly in their ability to cause disease. specific-pathogen-free cats were inoculated with the avirulent fipv-ucd-2 isolate or the extremely virulent fipv-79-1146 isolate or both. after 1 month, cats which had received fipv-79-1146 were either dead or showed clinical signs of fip. all cats which received only fipv-ucd-2 remained healthy up to 6 months after inoculation. an ... | 1987 | 2442191 |
| monoclonal antibodies to bovine coronavirus: characteristics and topographical mapping of neutralizing epitopes on the e2 and e3 glycoproteins. | monoclonal antibodies to the quebec isolate of bovine coronavirus were produced and characterized. monoclonal antibodies to both the e2 and the e3 glycoproteins were found to efficiently neutralize virus in vitro. none of the monoclonal antibodies directed against the e1 glycoprotein neutralized virus infectivity. neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to the e2 glycoprotein were all found to immunoprecipitate gp190, gp100, and their intracellular precursor protein gp170. neutralizing monoclonal ant ... | 1987 | 2446421 |
| sensitivity of simian virus 40-transformed c57bl/6 mouse embryo fibroblasts to lysis by murine natural killer cells. | the susceptibility of mouse cells expressing full-length or truncated transforming protein (t antigen) of simian virus 40 (sv40) to lysis by murine natural killer (nk) cells was assessed. for these studies, c57bl/6 mouse embryo fibroblasts (b6/mef) were transformed by transfection with sv40 dna encoding the entire t antigen. the transformed cell lines were tested for susceptibility to lysis by nonimmune cba splenocytes as a source of nk cells and to lysis by c57bl/6, sv40-specific cytolytic t ce ... | 1987 | 3027174 |
| adenovirus e1a 12s protein induces dna synthesis and proliferation in primary epithelial cells in both the presence and absence of serum. | infection of primary baby rat kidney (brk) cells with an adenovirus that carries an e1a 12s cdna in place of the normal e1a region (adenovirus 5 [ad5] 12s) resulted in the induction of cellular dna synthesis and proliferation of the epithelial cells in the population, even in the absence of serum. increased cellular dna synthesis was first detectable by 12 h after infection and was maintained at a 10- to 20-fold higher level than in mock-infected cells. by 5 days after infection there was a 10-f ... | 1987 | 3027395 |
| two exons specific for the myb proto-oncogene found upstream from the avian myeloblastosis virus-transduced myb sequences. | a partial restriction map of cloned 5.42-kb chicken dna (clone p542, perbal et al. 1983), covering a portion of the c-myb locus, is presented. the 5' end of the v-myb gene (approximately 0.5 kb) is located at the 3' end of p542 dna, the remainder are the cellular sequences not transduced by avian myeloblastosis virus. two non-contiguous dna segments were detected within these cellular sequences which code for the 5' end of c-myb mrna. these two exons, designated e1 and e2, are separated by a app ... | 1987 | 3032698 |
| in vitro replication of mouse hepatitis virus strain a59. | an in vitro replication system for mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) strain a59 was developed using lysolecithin to produce cell extracts. in extracts of mhv-infected cells, radiolabeled ump was incorporated at a linear rate for up to 1 h into rna, which hybridized to mhv-specific cdna probes and migrated in denaturing formaldehyde-agarose gels to the same position as mhv genomic rna. the incorporation of [32p]ump into genome-sized rna in vitro correlated with the observed increase of [3h]uridine inco ... | 1987 | 3033313 |
| coronavirus e1 glycoprotein expressed from cloned cdna localizes in the golgi region. | cloned cdna encoding the membrane glycoprotein e1 of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus strain a59 was expressed transiently in a monkey fibroblast cell line (cos) by using a simian virus 40-based vector. as determined by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy, the e1 protein accumulated intracellularly in a perinuclear region coincident with a golgi marker. the same three species of e1 that occur in virus-infected cells were also found in transfected cells. these are one unglycosylated form ... | 1987 | 3033331 |
| [electrophoretic analysis of the proteins of different alphavirus strains]. | proteins of various alphavirus strains: venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis, semliki forest, and sindbis, were studied by a high resolution polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. in addition to structural c, e1 and e2 proteins, the infected cells were found to contain a number of nonstructural polypeptides: b, 83 kd (analogue of nsp2), 75 kd (nsp3), pe2, precursor of e2 and a product of modification of nucleocapsid protein c27. in virions, in addition to the main structural polypeptides, protein co ... | 1987 | 3033909 |
| identification of early proteins of the human papilloma viruses type 16 (hpv 16) and type 18 (hpv 18) in cervical carcinoma cells. | we have sequenced 1730 bp of human papilloma virus type 18 (hpv 18) dna containing the open reading frames (orf) e6, e7, the n-terminal part of e1 and, additionally, 120 bp of the n-terminal part of l1. based on these sequencing data, together with the human papilloma virus type 16 (hpv 16) dna sequence published recently, we identified and cloned the orf e6, e7, e1 and l1 of hpv 18 and the orf e6, e7, e1, e4, e5, l2 and l1 of hpv 16 into prokaryotic expression vectors. the expression system use ... | 1987 | 3034571 |
| sequence and n-terminal processing of the transmembrane protein e1 of the coronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus. | sequencing of part of a clone from a transmissible gastroenteritis virus genome cdna library led to the identification of the gene encoding the e1 matrix protein. the amino acid sequence of the primary translation product predicts a polypeptide of 262 residues which shares many features with the previously characterized murine hepatitis virus and infectious bronchitis virus e1 proteins. however, n-terminal amino acid sequencing revealed that a putative signal peptide of 17 residues was absent in ... | 1987 | 3035066 |
| identification of proteins encoded by the l1 and l2 open reading frames of human papillomavirus 1a. | the human papillomavirus 1 (hpv-1) virion is composed of two virally encoded proteins: a 57,000-molecular-weight polypeptide (57k polypeptide), which is the product of the l1 open reading frame (orf), and a 78k polypeptide, which is derived from the l2 orf. the 57k (l1) product, which represents the major structural component, appears to be disulfide cross-linked in virus particles. the 78k (l2) protein is a minor component of the virion and does not appear to be disulfide linked either to the l ... | 1987 | 3039170 |
| mechanism of inhibition of herpes simplex virus replication by delta 7-prostaglandin a1 and delta 12-prostaglandin j2. | we studied the effect of prostaglandins (pgs) a1, delta 7-a1, a2, d2, e1, e2, f2 alpha, j2 and delta 12-j2 on the replication of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2). of nine pgs we tested, delta 7-pga1 was found to have the most potent inhibitory effect; 50% inhibitory dose (id50) was 0.35 microgram/ml in the plaque reduction assays and hsv-2 induced protein synthesis was strongly suppressed at 0.5 microgram/ml whereas at this dose, the protein synthesis of uninfected cells was not inhibited. do ... | 1987 | 3040001 |
| messenger rnas from the e1 region of bovine papillomavirus type 1 detected in virus-infected bovine cells. | bovine papillomavirus type 1 dna replicated to a high copy number in virus-infected bovine fibroblasts. infected bovine cells were therefore used as a source of rna for northern blotting analysis to search for viral transcripts hybridizing to the e1 gene region, implicated in viral dna replication. cytoplasmic polyadenylated rna preparations contained at least five different e1-region transcripts, ranging from 1200 to approximately 4500 nucleotides in length. all of these species contained seque ... | 1987 | 2825116 |
| enteric coronavirus tgev: partial sequence of the genomic rna, its organization and expression. | the sequence of the 3'-most 8300 nucleotides of the genome rna of the purdue-115 strain of the transmissible gastroenteritis virus tgev, a porcine coronavirus, was determined from cdna clones. the available sequence corresponds to the part of the genome (total length greater than 20 kb) expressed through subgenomic mrnas. the 5 subgenomic and the genomic rna species detected in tgev-infected cells form a 3'-coterminal 'nested' structure, a unique feature of coronaviridae. the transcription initi ... | 1987 | 2825819 |
| expression of the e1 gene of mouse hepatitis virus (mhv a59) in vivo and in vitro. | 1987 | 2829574 | |
| phorbol diester-inducible, cyclosporine-suppressible transcription from a novel promoter within the mouse mammary tumor virus env gene. | the mouse t-cell lymphoma cell line el4.e1 constitutively synthesizes mouse mammary tumor virus (mmtv) transcripts encoding either the entire proviral genome or segments of it. in addition to these conventional mrnas, however, an mrna of about 1 kilobase accumulates after induction of these cells with phorbol myristate acetate (pma). the accumulation of this transcript is strongly inhibited by the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporin a. its pattern of induction by pma and suppression by cyclospor ... | 1988 | 2831399 |
| genome sequences of a mouse-avirulent and a mouse-virulent strain of ross river virus. | the nucleotide sequence of the genomic rna of a mouse-avirulent strain of ross river virus, rrv nb5092 (isolated in 1969), has been determined and the corresponding sequence for the prototype mouse-virulent strain, rrv t48 (isolated in 1959), has been completed. the rrv nb5092 genome is approximately 11,674 nucleotides in length, compared with 11,853 nucleotides for rrv t48. rrv nb5092 and rrv t48 have the same genome organization. for both viruses an untranslated region of 80 nucleotides at the ... | 1988 | 2833022 |
| abundant expression of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein gb using an adenovirus vector. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) glycoprotein b (gb) is a major component of infected cell membranes and virion envelopes. glycoprotein b is known to be essential for entry of viruses into cells and may play important roles in virus-induced cell fusion and other alterations in cell morphology. in order to study the biochemical and immunological properties of gb in isolation from other hsv-1 polypeptides we have constructed human adenovirus vectors capable of expressing high levels of gb. the ... | 1988 | 2834864 |
| rna recombination of murine coronaviruses: recombination between fusion-positive mouse hepatitis virus a59 and fusion-negative mouse hepatitis virus 2. | it has previously been shown that the murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) undergoes rna recombination at a relatively high frequency in both tissue culture and infected animals. thus far, all of the recombination sites had been localized at the 5' half of the rna genome. we have now performed a cross between mhv-2, a fusion-negative murine coronavirus, and a temperature-sensitive mutant of the a59 strain of mhv, which is fusion positive at the permissive temperature. by selecting fusi ... | 1988 | 2835504 |
| molecular analysis of sindbis virus pathogenesis in neonatal mice by using virus recombinants constructed in vitro. | genetic loci affecting sindbis virus pathogenesis in neonatal mice have been examined by using a full-length cdna clone of the virus (toto1101). the full-length cdna is linked to a bacteriophage sp6 promoter to facilitate the synthesis of infectious rna transcripts in vitro. virus derived from toto1101 showed reduced virulence (attenuation) in neonatal mice. replacement of the e1 glycoprotein and 6k genes of toto1101 with cloned e1 and 6k genes derived from a virulent sindbis virus strain, ar339 ... | 1988 | 2835514 |
| sequence of the region coding for virion proteins c and e2 and the carboxy terminus of the nonstructural proteins of rubella virus: comparison with alphaviruses. | the sequence of the 3' 4508 nucleotides (nt) of the genomic rna of the therien strain of rubella virus (rv) was determined for cdna clones. the sequence contains a 3189-nt open reading frame (orf) which codes for the structural proteins c, e2 and e1. c is predicted to have a length of 300 amino acids (aa). the n-terminal half of the c protein is highly basic and hydrophilic in nature, and is putatively the region of the protein which interacts with the virion rna. at the c terminus of the c prot ... | 1988 | 2836271 |
| site of addition of n-acetyl-galactosamine to the e1 glycoprotein of mouse hepatitis virus-a59. | by pulse-chase labeling with [35s]methionine and long-term labeling with 3h-sugars, the e1 glycoprotein of coronavirus mhv-a59 has been shown to acquire o-linked oligosaccharides in a two-step process. about 10 min after synthesis of the e1 protein, n-acetyl-galactosamine was added. this was followed approximately 10 min later by the addition of both galactose and sialic acid to give the mature oligosaccharides. this sequence of additions was confirmed by analyzing the 3h-labeled oligosaccharide ... | 1988 | 2836431 |
| molecular basis of sindbis virus neurovirulence in mice. | we examined a variety of strains of sindbis virus for the genetic changes responsible for differences in neurovirulence in mice. sv1a (a low passage of the ar339 strain of sindbis virus), a neuroadapted sindbis virus (nsv), and two laboratory strains of sindbis virus (hrsp and toto1101) were examined. nsv causes severe encephalomyelitis with hind-limb paralysis and high mortality after intracerebral inoculation in weanling mice. in contrast, sv1a causes only mild, nonfatal disease in weanling mi ... | 1988 | 2836615 |
| molecular characterization of three erbb transducing viruses generated during avian leukosis virus-induced erythroleukemia: extensive internal deletion near the kinase domain activates the fibrosarcoma- and hemangioma-inducing potentials of erbb. | three new erbb transducing viruses generated during avian leukosis virus-induced erythroblastosis have been cloned and sequenced, and their transforming abilities have been analyzed. provirus 9134 e1 expresses an amino-terminally truncated erbb product that is analogous to the proviral insertionally activated c-erbb gag-erbb fusion product. this virus efficiently induces erythroblastosis, but does not transform fibroblasts in vitro or induce sarcomas in vivo. in contrast, virus 9134 s3 expresses ... | 1988 | 2836624 |
| the product of the bovine papillomavirus type 1 modulator gene (m) is a phosphoprotein. | the m gene of bovine papillomavirus type 1 has been genetically defined as encoding a trans-acting product which negatively regulates bovine papillomavirus type 1 replication and is important for establishment of stable plasmids in transformed cells. the gene for this regulatory protein has been mapped in part to the 5' portion of the largest open reading frame (e1) in the virus. we constructed a trpe-e1 fusion gene and expressed this gene in escherichia coli. rabbits were immunized with purifie ... | 1988 | 2836626 |
| limited efficacy of inhibitors of herpes simplex virus dna synthesis in murine models of recrudescent disease. | the herpesvirus dna polymerase inhibitor foscarnet, applied topically, and the anti-herpesvirus guanosine analogue buciclovir, given orally, decreased virus replication and disease development in primary skin infections of mice caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). if the same tissues were infected via sensory nerves, following zosteriform spread of the virus the same treatments showed strongly decreased efficacy, or were inefficacious, when started before development of clinical signs ... | 1988 | 2838569 |
| antigenic differentiation between transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine and a related porcine respiratory coronavirus. | the antigenic relationship between a recently isolated porcine respiratory coronavirus (tlm 83) and transmissible gastroenteritis (tge) virus of swine was studied by neutralization, immunoblotting and radioimmunoassay (ria) using tge virus-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs) and polyclonal antibodies specific for both viruses. a complete two-way neutralization activity between the two viruses was found. immunoblotting revealed cross-reactions between tlm 83 and tge virus antigens at the level ... | 1988 | 2839605 |
| the amino-terminal signal peptide on the porcine transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus matrix protein is not an absolute requirement for membrane translocation and glycosylation. | cdna clones mapping within the first 2601 bases of the 3' end of the porcine transmissible gastroenteritis corona-virus (tgev) genome were sequenced by the method of maxam and gilbert and an open reading frame yielding a protein having properties of the matrix (m or e1) protein was identified. it is positioned at the 5' side of the nucleocapsid (n) gene from which it is separated by an intergenic stretch of 12 bases. the deduced m protein comprises 262 amino acids, has a molecular weight of 29,5 ... | 1988 | 2841792 |
| membrane integration and intracellular transport of the coronavirus glycoprotein e1, a class iii membrane glycoprotein. | the e1-glycoprotein (mr = 26,014; 228 amino acids) of mouse hepatitis virus a59 is a class iii membrane glycoprotein which has been used in this study as a model system in the study of membrane integration and protein transport. the protein lacks an nh2-terminal cleavable signal sequence and spans the viral membrane three times. hydrophobic domains i and iii could serve as signal sequences for cotranslational membrane integration. domain i alone was sufficient to translocate the hydrophilic nh2 ... | 1988 | 2844793 |
| translocation of rubella virus glycoprotein e1 into the endoplasmic reticulum. | rubella virus (rv) contains four structural proteins, c (capsid), e2a, e2b, and e1, which are derived from posttranslational processing of a single polyprotein precursor, p110. c protein is nonglycosylated and is thought to interact with rv rna to form a nucleocapsid. e1 and e2 are membrane glycoproteins that form the spike complexes located on the virion exterior. two different e1 cdnas were used to analyze the requirements for translocation of e1 into the endoplasmic reticulum. analysis of exp ... | 1988 | 2845137 |
| interactions between coronavirus nucleocapsid protein and viral rnas: implications for viral transcription. | the interaction of the mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) nucleocapsid protein (n) and viral rna was examined. monoclonal antibody specific for n protein coimmunoprecipitated mhv genomic rna as well as all six mhv subgenomic mrnas found in mhv-infected cells. in contrast, monoclonal antibodies to the mhv e2 or e1 envelope glycoproteins, an anti-i-a monoclonal antibody, and serum samples from lupus patients did not immunoprecipitate the mhv mrnas. moreover, the anti-n monoclonal antibody did not coimmun ... | 1988 | 2845140 |
| a viral-cellular junction fragment from a human papillomavirus type 16-positive tumor is competent in transformation of nih 3t3 cells. | a 4.4-kilobase dna fragment (t4.4) from a human tumor (comprising part of the human papillomavirus type 16 e6 promoter; the e6, e7, and part of the e1 open reading frames; and cellular sequences) was found to be competent to fully transform nih 3t3 cells. this competency resides in the whole hybrid dna fragment, since the separate viral or cellular dna sequences were not active. abundant e6-e7 transcripts were found in the transformed cells. when the cellular fragments were substituted with poly ... | 1988 | 2845153 |
| monoclonal antibodies to a virulent strain of transmissible gastroenteritis virus: comparison of reactivity with virulent and attenuated virus. | twelve hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against miller virulent strain of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) were generated and characterized. in a cell culture immunofluorescence (ccif) assay, three mabs directed against peplomer protein (e2) had perinuclear fluorescence and four unclassified mabs showed cell membrane fluorescence. six of these seven mabs neutralized both attenuated and virulent tgev, and the seventh (an unclassified mab) neutralized only the latter vir ... | 1988 | 2845894 |
| adenovirus vector expressing functional herpes simplex virus icp0. | icp0, one of the five immediate-early (ie) gene products of herpes simplex virus (hsv), is a potent activator of transcription. to assess the biological activities of icp0 and to explore its mechanisms of action, two helper-independent recombinant adenoviruses were constructed. in each recombinant, the e1 region was substituted with the icp0-encoding genomic segment under the control of either the adenovirus major late promoter (mlp-0) or the hsv ie-0 promoter (0pro-0). infection of hela cells o ... | 1988 | 2846870 |
| use of retroviral vectors for mapping of splice sites in cottontail rabbit papillomavirus. | cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (crpv) genomic sequences coding for virus early functions were introduced into a retroviral vector in order to produce cdnas of the viral early region. two constructs differing in the length of control sequences preceding the e6 open reading frame were transfected into psi-2 cells and the released retroviral stock was used to infect nih3t3 cells. the proviral sequences were rescued from antibiotic g418-resistant virus-infected cells after fusion with cos cells, a ... | 1988 | 2848927 |
| lack of protection in vivo with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to transmissible gastroenteritis virus. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for the e1 and e2 surface glycoproteins of the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) of swine were examined either alone or in combination to evaluate their potential value in protecting neonatal pigs against a lethal dose of tgev. cesarean-delivered colostrum-deprived (cdcd) piglets were given one pre-challenge dose of mab and an equal dose of the same mab at each successive feeding after challenge. in vivo challenge results demonstrated that neither m ... | 1988 | 2852869 |
| antibody response to wild rubella virus structural proteins following immunization with ra 27/3 live attenuated vaccine. | antibody response to individual structural proteins (e1, e2, and c) of the m-33 wild rubella virus strain was assayed by an immunoblot technique in 12 girls, following immunization with ra 27/3 live attenuated rubella vaccine. of the 12 immunized subjects, before vaccination 9 had no demonstrable rubella specific antibodies while the remaining 3 had a low level of rubella specific antibodies, reacting only with the e1 protein. at one month after vaccination all the immunized subjects presented a ... | 1988 | 3046563 |
| in situ detection of rubella rna and antigens in cultured cells. | we developed in situ hybridization and immunofluorescent procedures to detect rubella rna and antigens in tissue-cultured cells infected with rubella virus. cdna fragments of the rubella virus e1 structural gene were used as probes for in situ hybridization to detect rubella rna sequences in vero cells infected with rubella virus. using antibodies against rubella proteins, indirect immunofluorescence detected rubella virus structural proteins in vero cells infected with rubella virus. the immuno ... | 1988 | 3058736 |
| modulation of cyclic amp levels and differentiation by adenosine analogs in mouse erythroleukemia cells. | friend virus-transformed mouse erythroleukemia (mel) cells can be induced to undergo erythroid differentiation by a variety of compounds, including dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) and the adenosine analog xylosyladenine. the present studies have monitored the effects of the stable adenosine receptor ligand n6-phenylisopropyladenosine (pia) on induction of mel cell differentiation. pia has been previously shown to stimulate adenylate cyclase activity in rat hepatic and mouse leydig 1-10 cells as well a ... | 1988 | 2450878 |
| recombinant vaccinia/venezuelan equine encephalitis (vee) virus expresses vee structural proteins. | cdna molecules encoding the structural proteins of the virulent trinidad donkey and the tc-83 vaccine strains of venezuelan equine encephalitis (vee) virus were inserted under control of the vaccinia virus 7.5k promoter into the thymidine kinase gene of vaccinia virus. synthesis of the capsid protein and glycoproteins e2 and e1 of vee virus was demonstrated by immunoblotting of lysates of cv-1 cells infected with recombinant vaccinia/vee viruses. vee glycoproteins were detected in recombinant vi ... | 1988 | 2462013 |
| monoclonal antibodies to the e1 and e2 glycoproteins of sindbis virus: definition of epitopes and efficiency of protection from fatal encephalitis. | protection of mice from fatal neuroadapted sindbis virus encephalitis can be accomplished by passive transfer of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to either the e1 or e2 glycoprotein of sindbis virus. both neutralizing and non-neutralizing mabs can be protective. to define further the characteristics of mabs that provide protection from fatal disease, antigenic epitopes on the e1 and e2 glycoproteins were identified using a competitive binding enzyme immunoassay. four distinct epitopes on e1 and thre ... | 1988 | 2462014 |
| multiple transcription terminators in e1a and e1b genes of adenovirus type 5. | we located and characterized transcription terminators in the e1a and e1b genes by transferring the 3' fragments of the genes into the vector pscat10 [sato et al., mol. cell. biol. 6 (1986) 1032-1043] at a site located immediately downstream from the cat gene (coding for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase; cat) and upstream from the simian virus 40 polyadenylation region. multiple terminators were located downstream from the e1b gene, but not in the 3' region of the e1a gene. fine analysis of the ... | 1988 | 2465206 |
| induction of alpha interferon by transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus: role of transmembrane glycoprotein e1. | epithelial cells infected with the coronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and fixed by glutaraldehyde induced a high alpha interferon (ifn-alpha) production in nonimmune porcine as well as human or bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc). ifn-alpha was detected as early as 3 h after exposure of pbmc to infected cells and at producer/inducer cell ratios as low as 1/1. two of four monoclonal antibodies directed against the viral transmembrane glycoprotein e1 could block th ... | 1988 | 2824858 |
| host range mutants of adenovirus type 12 e1 defective for lytic infection, transformation, and oncogenicity. | the human adenovirus type 12 (h12) e1a region encodes two early proteins of 266 amino acid residues (266r) and 235r whilst the h12 e1b promoter directs the synthesis of two major proteins of 163r and 482r. to determine the functions of e1a and e1b in lytic infection and oncogenic transformation we have isolated and characterized a series of h12 e1 mutants. mutant h12 hr 700 contains a point mutation in exon 1 that alters a single amino acid common to both the 266 and 235r proteins. this mutant s ... | 1988 | 2964753 |
| a simple technique for the rescue of early region i mutations into infectious human adenovirus type 5. | early region 1 (e1) of the human adenoviruses has many intriguing properties which have prompted numerous mutational studies to help delineate and characterize the domains responsible for these functions. in mutational analyses being done currently, the e1 region is usually cloned into a bacterial plasmid where it is mutated and then the altered e1 sequences are "rescued" back into infectious virus. the most frequently used rescue procedures are somewhat tedious, requiring the purification and f ... | 1988 | 2965450 |
| differential transformation of primary human embryo retinal cells by adenovirus e1 regions and combinations of e1a + ras. | the efficiency of transformation of primary human embryo retinal (her) cells by the adenovirus e1 region (e1a + e1b) depended on the virus serotype whereas transformation by e1a alone was a rare event regardless of serotype. activated human c-ha-ras and n-ras genes co-operated differentially with different e1as for her transformation but were ineffective without e1a. ras + e1a co-transformants containing ad 12 e1a established directly from foci, in contrast to those containing ad 2 or ad 5 e1a. ... | 1988 | 2967455 |
| trans-activation of the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat sequences, expressed in an adenovirus vector, by the adenovirus e1a 13s protein. | the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv-1) long terminal repeat (ltr) sequences were inserted into adenovirus in place of the e1 region. the hiv-1 ltr contained in this recombinant adenovirus responds to trans-activation by tatiii in a hela cell line constitutively expressing that hiv-1 gene product. in addition, the hiv-1 ltr is activated by the adenovirus e1a 13s, but not 12s or 9s, gene product when it is supplied in trans by a coinfecting wild-type adenovirus. the rous sarcoma virus ltr, in ... | 1988 | 2967970 |
| adenovirus type 5 and adenovirus type 12 recombinant viruses containing heterologous e1 genes are viable, transform rat cells, but are not tumorigenic in rats. | two sets of adenovirus type 5 (ad5)-adenovirus type 12 (ad12) recombinant viruses were constructed and analyzed. in one case the ad12 e1a, e1b, or e1a plus e1b genes were substituted for the corresponding ad5 genes in the ad5 chromosome. the second set contained the ad5 e1a, e1b, or e1a plus e1b genes in place of the cognate ad12 genes in the ad12 chromosome. the hybrid viruses were all viable and expressed the appropriate e1 antigens. they were able to transform secondary rat fibroblasts, but a ... | 1988 | 2970715 |
| neosynthesis of neolacto- and novel ganglio-series gangliosides in a rat fibroblastic cell line brought about by transfection with the v-fes oncogene-containing gardner-arnstein strain feline sarcoma virus-dna. | transfection of retrovirus dna from gardner-arnstein strain feline sarcoma virus containing v-fes oncogene into a rat fibroblastic cell line 3y1 caused not only cell transformation but also a remarkable change in ganglioside expression. the ganglioside phenotype of the 3y1 cells was characterized by the exclusive expression of gm3, along with a trace amount of "a" pathway-related gangliosides (gm2-gm1a-gd1a), whereas in the transfected transformant, 3y1-ga, sialosylparagloboside containing n-ace ... | 1988 | 3349454 |
| nucleotide sequence of the rubella virus capsid protein gene reveals an unusually high g/c content. | the nucleotide sequence of the rubella virus capsid protein (c) gene has been determined from a cdna clone derived from the 40s genomic rna. the sequence covers the coding region of the c protein (831 nucleotides), 70 nucleotides of the 5' untranslated region, and the 5' end of the downstream e2 membrane protein gene. the capsid gene is unusually rich in c (41.6%) and g (31.2%) residues (g + c 72.8%), and poor in a (15.4%) and u residues (11.8%). there are regions with long runs of up to 45% c o ... | 1988 | 3351478 |
| isolation and characterization of adenovirus type 12 e1 host-range mutants defective for growth in nontransformed human cells. | in order to define the functions of human adenovirus type 12 (ad12) early region 1 (e1) products in lytic infection and oncogenic transformation we have isolated and phenotypically characterized a set of host-range (hr) mutants of this serotype. these mutants grow efficiently upon her3 cells, which contain and express type 12 e1 genes, but are restricted for growth upon a549 carcinoma and hela cells. inter- and intratypic complementation analysis, marker-rescue mapping, and dna sequence analysis ... | 1988 | 3369087 |
| immunocytochemical evidence for semliki forest virus antigen persistence in mouse brain. | semliki forest virus (sfv) is neurotropic in mice. mature virulent virus (strain l10) can be identified within the cns by electron microscopy in adult mice. inspite of high virus titres, avirulent sfv a7(74) cannot be visualised in the brain of adult mice. immunocytochemical studies using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to a7(74) e1 and e2 proteins and viral envelope glycolipids, showed viral e1 to be labelled in the cerebral capillaries, the e2 and the putative envelope glycolipids were labelled i ... | 1988 | 3385428 |
| expression of rubella virus cdna coding for the structural proteins. | a cdna clone encoding the precursor polypeptide (mr 115,000) to the nucleocapsid c (mr 30,000) and two envelope glycoproteins e1 (mr 58,000) and e2 (mr 42,000-47,000) of rubella virus was inserted into a simian virus 40-derived eukaryotic expression vector. when the plasmid was introduced into cos cells, three proteins were synthesized. the expressed proteins were antigenically similar and identical in size to the authentic structural proteins of rubella virus. expression in the presence of tuni ... | 1988 | 3396880 |
| western equine encephalitis virus is a recombinant virus. | the alphaviruses are a group of 26 mosquito-borne viruses that cause a variety of human diseases. many of the new world alphaviruses cause encephalitis, whereas the old world viruses more typically cause fever, rash, and arthralgia. the genome is a single-stranded nonsegmented rna molecule of + polarity; it is about 11,700 nucleotides in length. several alphavirus genomes have been sequenced in whole or in part, and these sequences demonstrate that alpha-viruses have descended from a common ance ... | 1988 | 3413072 |
| semliki forest virus particles containing only the e1 envelope glycoprotein are infectious and can induce cell-cell fusion. | hydrophobic interaction chromatography (phenyl- and octyl-sepharose) was performed with semliki forest virus to investigate the effect of low ph on its hydrophobicity. at neutral ph, the virus could be bound to the column and completely eluted by the detergent np-40. low ph treatment of virus prior to application to the column resulted in stronger binding as reflected by the increased amount of detergent necessary to totally elute the virus. if, however, the low ph treatment was done after bindi ... | 1988 | 3413984 |
| differences in virion stability among sindbis virus pathogenesis mutants. | the structure of closely related sindbis virus strains, which differ in their virulence for neonatal mice, has been probed by measuring the sensitivity of virions to heat, varying concentrations of dithiothreitol (dtt), phenylglyoxal or low ph. attenuated mutants (sb-rl and sb-fp) were much more sensitive to loss of infectivity after heat or dtt treatment than either the prototype virulent strain (sb) or same-site virulent revertants of sb-rl. incubation of sb-rl virions in the presence of dtt i ... | 1988 | 3414183 |
| chemical identification of cysteine as palmitoylation site in a transmembrane protein (semliki forest virus e1). | the palmitoylation site of the membrane glycoprotein e1 of semliki forest virus (sfv) has been identified by chemical analysis of an acylpeptide. 3h-palmitoylated e1 isolated from sfv grown in baby hamster kidney cells was digested with chymotrypsin and the resulting peptides subjected to high performance liquid chromatography on a wide-pore column. the 3h-acylated peptide fraction peaked at above 60% 2-propanol in the eluent, indicating its hydrophobic character. polyacrylamide gel electrophore ... | 1988 | 3143715 |
| low ph-induced conformational change of rubella virus envelope proteins. | fusion of rubella virus-infected cells was induced by their brief treatment at ph below 6.0. exposure of rubella virus to ph 5 caused an irreversible conformational change of the viral envelope glycoproteins, e1 and e2. the change was manifested in the marked reduction in both infectivity and haemagglutinating activity of the virus, the increased resistance of e1 and decreased resistance of e2 polypeptides to proteolytic digestion with trypsin, and the acquisition of liposome-binding activity of ... | 1988 | 3183629 |
| recombinant vaccinia virus/venezuelan equine encephalitis (vee) virus protects mice from peripheral vee virus challenge. | mice immunized with recombinant vaccinia virus (vacc) expressing venezuelan equine encephalitis (vee) virus capsid protein and glycoproteins e1 and e2 or with attenuated vee tc-83 virus vaccine developed vee-specific neutralizing antibody and survived intraperitoneal challenge with virulent vee virus strains including trinidad donkey (subtype 1ab), p676 (subtype 1c), 3880 (subtype 1d), and everglades (subtype 2). however, unlike immunization with tc-83 virus, immunization with the recombinant va ... | 1988 | 3184276 |
| infection of a human leukemia k-562 cell line with semliki forest virus. | infection of the human leukemia hematopoietic stem cell line, k-562, with semliki forest virus (sfv) can be characterized by three stages: (1) an early virus-proliferating stage lasting 1 to 4 days post-infection (pi) in which infectious virus is produced in high titers (10(3)pfu/cell) but in which there is minimal cytopathic effect. all cells appear viable by trypan blue dye exclusion, although they do not proliferate, and dna and cell protein synthesis decrease to less than 3% of uninfected co ... | 1988 | 3196168 |
| regulation of glycosylation. the influence of protein structure on n-linked oligosaccharide processing. | the sindbis virus glycoproteins, e1 and e2, comprise a useful model system for evaluating the effects of local protein structure on the processing of n-linked oligosaccharides by golgi enzymes. the conversion of oligomannose to n-acetyllactosamine (complex) oligosaccharides is hindered to different extents at the four glycosylation sites, so that the complex/oligomannose ratio decreases in the order e1-asn139 greater than e2-asn196 greater than e1-asn245 greater than e2-asn318. the processing st ... | 1988 | 3198629 |
| biotinylated and radioactive cdna probes in the detection by hybridization of bovine enteric coronavirus. | cdna, synthesized on bovine coronavirus (bcv) genomic rna templates, could be used to detect very small quantities (i.e. 1 pg) of viral rna by hybridization with either radioisotopic-labelled or biotinylated recombinant plasmids. virus was optimally attached to nitrocellulose membranes when spotted in 1 x ssc, whereas 20 x ssc was superior for viral rna. denaturation and rna fixation of both rna, still encapsidated in virus particles and isolated genomic rna, was achieved by baking of the blots ... | 1988 | 3221884 |
| conformational change of rubella virus spike proteins induced by 2-mercaptoethanol. | hemagglutinating (ha) activity of rubella virus was inactivated with 2-mercaptoethanol (2me) in a dose-dependent manner. but even low concentrations of 2me, which had little effect on ha activity by themselves, greatly increased the sensitivity of spike polypeptides to the subsequent trypsin treatment. increased trypsin sensitivity was shown by an enhanced reduction of ha activity and an enhanced proteolytic removal of both e1 and e2 polypeptides from the surface of the virion. the findings indi ... | 1988 | 3244185 |
| high-level eucaryotic in vivo expression of biologically active measles virus hemagglutinin by using an adenovirus type 5 helper-free vector system. | the entire measles virus (mv) hemagglutinin (ha)-coding region was reconstructed from cloned cdnas and used as part of a hybrid transcription unit to replace a region of the adenovirus type 5 genome corresponding to the entire e1a transcription unit and most of the e1b transcription unit. the resulting recombinant virus was stable and able to replicate to high titers in 293 cells (which constitutively express the complementary e1a-e1b functions) in the absence of helper virus. during infection o ... | 1988 | 3292790 |
| the use of sulfite to study the mechanism of membrane fusion induced by e1 of semliki forest virus. | in this study we have used 35s-labeled sulfite to modify the disulfide bonds of the proteins at the cell surface of semliki forest-infected aedes albopictus cells before and after low ph treatment. this reagent specifically cleaves disulfide bonds and concomitantly reacts with the newly formed cysteines, thereby labeling the respective protein. treatment of the infected cells with sulfite led to inhibition of the fusion activity only when applied after low ph exposure. these cells exhibited subs ... | 1989 | 2909989 |
| acidification of endosome subpopulations in wild-type chinese hamster ovary cells and temperature-sensitive acidification-defective mutants. | during endocytosis in chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells, semliki forest virus (sfv) passes through two distinct subpopulations of endosomes before reaching lysosomes. one subpopulation, defined by cell fractionation using free flow electrophoresis as "early endosomes," constitutes the major site of membrane and receptor recycling; while "late endosomes," an electrophoretically distinct endosome subpopulation, are involved in the delivery of endosomal content to lysosomes. in this paper, the ph-s ... | 1989 | 2925786 |
| antigenic and polypeptide structure of turkey enteric coronaviruses as defined by monoclonal antibodies. | twenty-nine hybridoma cells lines, producing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to the minnesota strain of turkey enteric coronavirus (tcv), have been established by fusion of sp2/0 myeloma cells with spleen cells from balb/c mice immunized with purified preparations of the egg-adapted or tissue culture-adapted virus. the hybridomas produced mainly igg2a or igg1 antibodies. western immunoblotting experiments with purified virus, and immunoprecipitation tests with [35s]methionine-labelled infected cell ... | 1989 | 2472464 |
| reverse transcription and subsequent dna amplification of rubella virus rna. | a method is described whereby rubella virus rna was reverse transcribed and the resulting cdna enzymatically amplified using taq polymerase. the reactions were carried out in a single reaction vessel, with only minor modifications to the buffer conditions between the reverse transcription and the subsequent amplification step. using an oligonucleotide probe to the e1 glycoprotein region and limited restriction endonuclease mapping, the resulting amplified products were shown to be specific for r ... | 1989 | 2476457 |
| epitope mapping and the detection of transmissible gastroenteritis viral proteins in cell culture using biotinylated monoclonal antibodies in a fixed-cell elisa. | a fixed-cell elisa was developed using swine testicle (st) cells infected with the virulent miller strain of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and purified biotinylated monoclonal antibodies (b-mabs). five of the b-mabs were specific for the peplomer (e2), five reacted to the nucleocapsid (n), and one reacted to the e 1 protein of the miller strain of tgev. protein a-sepharose purification of mabs yielded protein concentrations ranging from 0.40 to 3 mg per ml of ascites. separate pools ... | 1989 | 2479362 |
| the heterodimeric association between the membrane proteins of semliki forest virus changes its sensitivity to low ph during virus maturation. | the budding and the fusion processes of the enveloped animal virus semliki forest virus serve the purpose of transporting its nucleocapsid, containing its genome, from the cytoplasm of an infected cell into that of an uninfected one. we show here that, in the infected cell, the viral membrane (spike) proteins p62 and e1 are organized as heterodimers which are very resistant to dissociation in acidic conditions. in contrast, the mature form of the heterodimer, e2e1, which is found in the virus pa ... | 1989 | 2479769 |
| ability of structurally related polycyclic aromatic carcinogens to induce homologous recombination between duplicated chromosomal sequences in mouse l cells. | to investigate the role of dna damage in the induction of homologous recombination in mammalian cells, a series of structurally related, polycyclic aromatic carcinogens, i.e., 1-nitrosopyrene (1-nop), n-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (n-aco-aaf), and 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-nqo), were compared for their ability to cause intrachromosomal homologous recombination between two herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (htk) genes stably integrated in the genome of a tk- mouse l cell strain 333 m. eac ... | 1989 | 2494440 |
| inhibitory effect of interferon-gamma on adenovirus replication and late transcription. | we have previously shown that human interferon-gamma inhibited adenovirus multiplication in vitro in a dose-dependent fashion. this action was previous to capsid proteins synthesis and did not involve virus adsorption nor penetration. in this report we have analysed viral mrna levels at early (7 hr post infection (p.i.)) or late (20 hr p.i.) times, as well as dna replication in wish cells pretreated with interferon-gamma and infected with adenovirus 5. controls included untreated cells as well a ... | 1989 | 2500934 |
| expression of rubella virus cdna encoding the e1 structural protein. | cdnas synthesized from the 40s rna genome of rubella virus were cloned into the lambda gt10 bacteriophage. a clone (prv # 1475) which contains a truncated version of the e1 envelope glycoprotein (amino acid residues 17-481) and the 3' non-coding region was constructed from two overlapping cdnas. prv # 1475 was inserted into a eukaryotic expression vector under the control of the cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter. after transfection of 293 cells, a protein with intact antigenic domains cou ... | 1989 | 2504297 |
| [inflammatory arthropathies in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection]. | articular manifestations were observed in 10 patients (8 men, 2 women, aged from 23 to 46 years) with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. all men were homosexuals, except for an intravenous drug addict. one woman was a native of gabon and the other had multiple transfusions. the joint diseases were of the polyarthritis and acute oligoarthritis types, affecting mainly the knees and ankles but also the wrist and fingers; the spine was involved in one case. the synovial fluid present in 4 ... | 1989 | 2523044 |
| the full-length nucleotide sequences of the virulent trinidad donkey strain of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus and its attenuated vaccine derivative, strain tc-83. | nucleotide sequence analysis of cdna clones covering the entire genomes of trinidad donkey (trd) venezuelan equine encephalitis (vee) virus and its vaccine derivative, tc-83, has revealed 11 differences between the genomes of tc-83 virus and its parent. one nucleotide substitution and a single nucleotide deletion occurred in the 5'- and 3'-noncoding regions of the tc-83 genome, respectively. the deduced amino acid sequences of the nonstructural polypeptides of the two viruses differed only in a ... | 1989 | 2524126 |
| monoclonal antibodies to the matrix (e1) glycoprotein of mouse hepatitis virus protect mice from encephalitis. | monoclonal antibodies to the matrix or e1 glycoprotein of mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) were tested for their ability to protect mice from a normally lethal challenge of mhv-4. four antibodies were tested, and two of these, j.1.3 and j.3.9, were protective. protection did not correlate with virus neutralization in vitro, antibody isotype, recognition of a unique e1 antigenic site, or dependence on complement in vivo. survival from acute encephalitis was followed by subacute demyelination, as has b ... | 1989 | 2535900 |
| 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase gene expression in normal and murine sarcoma virus-transformed nih 3t3 cells. | mouse fibroblasts transformed by murine sarcoma virus (msv) are highly sensitive to the antiproliferative effect of interferon (ifn) (m. bakhanashvili, d. h. wreschner, and s. salzberg, cancer res. 43:1289-1294, 1983). to elucidate the mechanism leading to this ifn sensitivity, the expression of the 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (2-5a synthetase) gene, the presence of the 2-5a synthetase protein, and the level of its enzymatic activity were determined in ifn-treated and untreated cultures. nih ... | 1989 | 2536824 |
| cloning of the herpes simplex virus icp4 gene in an adenovirus vector: effects on adenovirus gene expression and replication. | to assess the ability of the herpes simplex virus icp4 protein to complement adenovirus e1a mutants we have constructed an adenovirus type 5 vector containing a temperature-sensitive icp4 gene, under control of its own promoter, within the e1 region of the genome. the recombinant virus expresses icp4 in cells which are permissive (293) or nonpermissive (kb and r970-5) for viral replication, and at levels which approximate those obtained in herpes simplex infection. the adenovirus-encoded protein ... | 1989 | 2536987 |
| defective gene in lactic acidosis: abnormal pyruvate dehydrogenase e1 alpha-subunit caused by a frame shift. | a patient with lactic acidosis showed a lowered pyruvate dehydrogenase e1 activity and fatigued on slight exercise. the cdna encoding the pyruvate dehydrogenase e1 alpha-subunit from his lymphocytes, transformed by infection of epstein-barr virus, was cloned and sequenced. the nucleotide sequence determination revealed that the gene had a deletion of four nucleotides at the second codon upstream from the termination codon. this deletion would lead to a reading-frame shift and make a new terminat ... | 1989 | 2537010 |
| loss of bovine papillomavirus dna replication control in growth-arrested transformed cells. | the bovine papillomavirus type 1 (bpv-1) genome replicates as a plasmid within the nuclei of bpv-1-transformed murine c127 cells at a constant multiple copy number, and spontaneous amplification of the viral dna is rarely observed. we report here that a mutant bpv-1 plasmid within a contact-inhibited c127 cell line replicated as a stable multicopy plasmid in exponentially growing cells but amplified to a high level in confluent cell culture. in situ hybridization analysis revealed that most of t ... | 1989 | 2539513 |
| an epstein-barr virus-transformed b cell line produces autoregulatory interleukin-1 that regulates bone remodeling. | in this study, we demonstrate that an epstein-barr virus-transformed b cell line, a-11, produced interleukin-1 (il-1), a cytokine that regulates bone remodeling. a-11 cells produce il-1 in a cell dose- and culture time-related manner. the il-1 activity was neutralized by recombinant human il-1 (rhil-1) alpha antiserum, but not by rhil-1 beta antiserum. the il-1 was semi-purified by (nh4)2so4 precipitation, superose prep 12 gel filtration, and anion-exchange chromatography strongly stimulated in ... | 1989 | 2543455 |
| presence of human papillomavirus type 18 dna in vulvar carcinomas and its integration into the cell genome. | we have screened 78 genital tract tumours from italian female patients for the presence of human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) and hpv-18 dna. dot and southern blot hybridization experiments revealed that dna sequences of hpv-16 and/or hpv-18 are present in 66% of tumour samples. hpv-18 was detected in 80% of vulvar carcinomas. in these tumours the integration of hpv-18 dna seems to occur in the e1/e2 region of the virus genome with long deletions in almost all samples. the invariable retentio ... | 1989 | 2543791 |
| molecular pathogenesis of sindbis virus encephalitis in experimental animals. | in general, the analysis of a number of strains of sindbis virus has revealed amino acid differences of potential importance for virulence at relatively few positions in the e2-glycoprotein. only 10 amino acid changes are potentially implicated, and 9 of these 10 lie in the n-terminal half of the protein (fig. 1.). currently, there is strong evidence to implicate 3 of these positions (e2-55, -114, and -172) in virulence (table v). as more recombinant viruses are prepared and analyzed, the eviden ... | 1989 | 2544083 |
| palmitylation of viral membrane glycoproteins takes place after exit from the endoplasmic reticulum. | palmitylation of vesicular stomatitis virus g and sindbis virus e1 glycoproteins has been studied in relation to the transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (er) to the golgi complex. incubation of infected cells at 15 degrees c prevents the transport of newly synthesized membrane proteins from the er to the golgi (saraste, j., and kuismanen, e. (1984) cell 38, 535-549). in these conditions, also palmitylation of g protein and of e1 glycoprotein is blocked. when the transport is restored by inc ... | 1989 | 2545712 |
| the effect of e1 mutations on biochemical transformation by an adenovirus carrying the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene in region e3. | a series of human adenovirus type 5 (ad5) vectors has been constructed in which a vector containing the human herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (tk) gene has been recombined with several ad5 early region 1 (e1) mutants. the resulting viruses were used to study host-virus interactions in tk- rat cells and to examine the importance of e1 functions in a biochemical transformation assay. one of the most important parameters affecting transformation efficiency in this system was the cytotoxicity ... | 1989 | 2546332 |
| chromatin structure and transcriptional regulation of human papillomavirus type 18 dna in hela cells. | mapping analysis of the nucleosomal organization of integrated human papillomavirus type 18 (hpv18) dna in hela cells reveals a very prominent nuclease-hypersensitive site within the viral noncoding regulatory region that harbors transcriptional control sequences and coincides with most of the 5' ends of the cytoplasmic early mrnas. moreover, it is shown that the conserved coamplified 5' cellular flank, common to all hpv18 copies in hela cells and located close to the virus-cell integration site ... | 1989 | 2548528 |
| genetic and phenotypic studies on ross river virus variants of enhanced virulence selected during mouse passage. | we have passaged ross river virus (rrv) in mice to generate variants with increased mouse virulence and attempted to relate changes in virulence to genome sequence changes. rrv nbo (zero passage in mice) is a plaque-purified clone of the mouse-avirulent strain rrv nb5092, and is of low virulence for day-old mice. during rrv nbo replication in infant mice, its virulence for day-old mice increased markedly with time. by 7 days postinfection the ld50 value of harvested virus (passage level one) was ... | 1989 | 2552654 |
| characterization of cdnas of spliced hpv-11 e2 mrna and other hpv mrnas recovered via retrovirus-mediated gene transfer. | human papillomaviruses (hpvs) are associated with hyperproliferations of cutaneous or mucosal epithelium. these viruses cannot be propagated in any cell culture system. because cloning cdna copies of hpv mrnas recovered from human lesions has met with only very limited success, the characterization of hpv mrnas has been problematic. using the moloney murine leukemia virus vector system (c.l. cepko, b.e. roberts, and r.c. mulligan, 1984, cell 37, 1053-1062), we have recovered cdnas of spliced e2 ... | 1989 | 2552658 |
| the primary structure of major viral rna in a rat cell line transfected with type 47 human papillomavirus dna and the transforming activity of its cdna and e6 gene. | a transformed cell line (rc335) showing higher saturation cell density was obtained from 3y1 cells (a fibroblastic cell line of rat) transfected with dna of human papillomavirus type 47 (hpv-47), an epidermodysplasia verruciformis-associated virus, which our laboratory reported previously. the cell line was found to produce a major and several minor species of viral rnas. the primary structure of the major viral rna in rc335 was extensively studied and found to consist of two exons and contain o ... | 1989 | 2556842 |
| biosynthesis, structure, and biological activities of envelope protein gp65 of murine coronavirus. | we have previously shown that gp65 (e3) is a virion structural protein which varies widely in quantity among different strains of mouse hepatitis virus (mhv). in this study, the biosynthetic pathway and possible biological activities of this protein were examined. the glycosylation of gp65 in virus-infected cells was inhibited by tunicamycin but not by monensin, suggesting that it contains an n-glycosidic linkage. glycosylation is cotranslational and appears to be complete before the glycoprotei ... | 1989 | 2556847 |
| comparison of immune response to rubella virus proteins in early and late natural infections. | the immunological response to rubella virus structural proteins was analyzed by immunoprecipitation assay in sera collected in cordoba, argentina, during early convalescence and after remote natural infections. all of the viral structural proteins, the two glycoproteins e1 and e2, and the nucleocapsid c protein, were precipitated by sera obtained from patients soon after infection. by contrast, c reactive antibodies were not detected in sera from remote infections. these results suggest that e1 ... | 1989 | 2578031 |
| nucleotide sequence of the 24s subgenomic messenger rna of a vaccine strain (hpv77) of rubella virus: comparison with a wild-type strain (m33). | a full-length cdna clone for the 24s subgenomic mrna of the vaccine strain (hpv77) of rubella virus has been isolated from a cdna library made from the rnas of infected cells. starting from the first met start codon, the 24s mrna codes for a precursor protein of 1063 amino acids (aa). this precursor encodes a capsid protein of 300 aa, and two envelope proteins, e1 (481 aa) and e2 (282 aa). both the e1 and e2 proteins are preceded by a stretch of 21 hydrophobic aa, characteristic of a signal pept ... | 1989 | 2583526 |
| expression of sindbis virus 26s cdna in spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cells, using a baculovirus expression vector. | to study protein processing in an insect spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm; sf9) cell line, a 26s cdna encoding the sequence of sindbis virus structural proteins (capsid protein, of 30 kilodaltons [kda]; p62 [the precursor of e3 and e2], of 62 kda; a 6-kda peptide; and the e1 protein, of 56 kda) was inserted into the genome of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) adjacent to the polyhedrin promoter. by immunoblot analysis with antisera directed against whole sindbis virus ... | 1989 | 2644447 |
| a bio-engineered rubella e1 antigen. | the major rubella envelope protein, e1, and a segment of it, comprising amino acids 207-353, have been separately expressed as fusion proteins with the igg binding region of staphylococcus aureus protein a in escherichia coli. the proteins carry e1-specific antigenicity recognized by monoclonal antibodies raised against whole virus confirming that correct glycosylation is not required for antigenicity. the use of these bioengineered antigens in immunoassays for diagnosis of rubella infection and ... | 1989 | 2647062 |
| baculovirus polyhedrin promoter-directed expression of rubella virus envelope glycoproteins, e1 and e2, in spodoptera frugiperda cells. | to study the capability of spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm; sf9) cells to synthesize and process mature rubella virus (rv) proteins, a cdna encoding the structural envelope glycoproteins, e1 (58 kda) and e2 (42-47 kda) were inserted into the genome of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) and expressed during infection under the transcriptional regulation of the polyhedrin gene promoter. by immunoblot analysis with antibodies directed against purified rv, the individual ... | 1989 | 2672567 |