Publications

ovipositional deterrent in the sweet pepper, capsicum annuum, at the mature stage against liriomyza trifolii (burgess).	liriomyza trifolii (burgess), the american serpentine leafminer fly, is well known as a serious pest throughout the world. this insect attack over 21 different plant families including solanaceae plants. the mature sweet pepper, capsicum annuum (solanaceae), however, shows resistance to this leafminer fly. this resistance is based on the ovipositional deterrent in the sweet pepper leaf against the fly species. based on bioassay-guided fractionation, luteolin 7-o-beta-d-apiofuranosyl-(1-->2)-beta ...	2005	16244431
characterization of carotenoids and carotenoid esters in red pepper pods (capsicum annuum l.) by high-performance liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry.	carotenoids and carotenoid esters were extracted from red pepper pods (capsicum annuum l.) without saponification. among the 42 compounds detected, 4 non-esterified, 11 mono- and 17 diesters were characterized based on their retention times, uv/vis spectra and their fragmentation patterns in collision-induced dissociation experiments in atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (apci-ms). positive and negative ion mode measurements were used for the characterization of major and ...	2005	16124038
the effects of ripening stage and processing systems on vitamin c content in sweet peppers (capsicum annuum l.).	morrón pepper of 'fresno de la vega' (capsicum annuum l.) is a big sweet variety cultivated in the province of león (northwestern spain). changes in vitamin c content of this variety of pepper as a function of ripeness, storage and different preservation systems were studied. the ascorbic acid content increases in peppers as they ripen. for green mature, breaker and red peppers values of 107.3+/-1.84, 129.6+/-3.11 and 154.3+/-7.56 mg/100 g edible portion were found. the vitamin c content for gre ...	2005	16019314
determination of the equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of adsorption of copper(ii) ions onto seeds of capsicum annuum.	adsorption of copper ions onto capsicum annuum (red pepper) seeds was investigated with the variation in the parameters of ph, contact time, adsorbent and copper(ii) concentrations and temperature. the nature of the possible adsorbent and metal ion interactions was examined by the ftir technique. the copper(ii) adsorption equilibrium was attained within 60 min. adsorption of copper(ii) ions onto c. annuum seeds followed by the langmuir, freundlich and dubinin-radushkevich (d-r) isotherm models. ...	2005	15990228
antioxidant activity of the main phenolic compounds isolated from hot pepper fruit (capsicum annuum l).	four cultivars (bronowicka ostra, cyklon, tornado, and tajfun) of pepper fruit capsicum annuum l. were studied for phenolics contents and antioxidant activity. two fractions of phenolics, flavonoids (with phenolic acids) and capsaicinoids, were isolated from the pericarp of pepper fruit at two growth stages (green and red) and were studied for their antioxidant capacity. both fractions from red fruits had higher activities than those from green fruits. a comparison of the capsaicinoid fraction w ...	2005	15740069
simultaneous determination of sudan dyes and carotenoids in red pepper and tomato products by hplc.	to simultaneously detect sudan dyes and carotenoids in red pepper and tomato products, high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) methods with photodiode-array detection are developed and validated. the methods include the use of end-capped and nonend-capped adsorbents with a gradient elution system starting with water containing methanol. water content of 9% in the starting mobile phase is found to be necessary to ensure sufficient separation of sudan dyes and to avoid overlapping or interfe ...	2005	16212791
aflatoxin and ochratoxin a content of spices in hungary.	in october and november 2004, 91 spice samples (70 ground red pepper, six black pepper, five white pepper, five spice mix and five chilli samples), the majority of which originated from commercial outlets, were analysed for aflatoxins b1, b2, g1 and g2 (afb1, afb2, afg1, afg2) and ochratoxin a (ota) content by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) after immunoaffinity column clean-up. eighteen of the 70 ground red pepper samples contained afb1, seven of them in a concentration exceeding ...	2005	16192072
safety of capsaicin cough challenge testing.	capsaicin, the pungent extract of red peppers, has achieved widespread use in clinical research because it induces cough in a dose-dependent and reproducible manner. although > 2 decades of experience has led investigators to consider capsaicin cough challenge testing a safe diagnostic modality, this issue has not been specifically addressed in the literature.	2005	16002935
residual behaviour of profenofos on some field-grown vegetables and its removal using various washing solutions and household processing.	profenofos (selecron 72% ec), was sprayed on field-grown pepper and eggplant at the recommended rate of 1.28 kg a,i/ha. fruit samples were collected at 1 h to 14 days after application and analysed to determine the content and dissipation rate of profenofos. the effect of different washing solutions and some household processing on the removal of such residues from treated vegetables were also investigated. profenofos residues were quantified by using gas chromatography. the results showed that ...	2005	15721202
sensory and gastrointestinal satiety effects of capsaicin on food intake.	decreased appetite and increased energy expenditure after oral consumption of red pepper has been shown.	2005	15611784
effect of temperature and host plant leaf morphology on the efficacy of two entomopathogenic biocontrol agents of thrips palmi (thysanoptera: thripidae).	the efficacy of two entomopathogenic biocontrol agents, steinernema feltiae (filipjev) and verticillium lecanii (zimmerman) viégas (reclassified now as lecanicillium muscarium (petch) zare & gams), against thrips palmi karny was investigated. assessments of the effect of temperature on the efficacy of s. feltiae indicated that higher mortality of t. palmi was recorded at 20 degrees c compared to either 15 or 25 degrees c, whereas significantly higher t. palmi mortality followed application of l. ...	2005	16048680
characterization of sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolated from paprika.	a fungal isolate collected from infected paprika (capsicum annuum var. grossum) was characterized as sclerotinia sclerotiorum based on its ability of sclerotium formation, physiological and molecular properties. when the isolate was grown on potato dextrose agar, oatmeal agar, and malt extract agar, it grew most well on pda. optimal temperature and ph for its growth were 25℃ and ph 7, respectively. the fungal isolate produced sclerotia on pda within 10 days, and the color and shape of the sclero ...	2006	24039491
effect of different thai traditional processing of various hot chili peppers on urethane-induced somatic mutation and recombination in drosophila melanogaster: assessment of the role of glutathione transferase activity.	four different thai traditional chili peppers, namely bird pepper (capsicum frutescens), red chili spur peppers (capsicum annuum), green bell peppers and sweet pepper (c. annuum) were investigated for their antimutagenic properties. each chili was prepared in three formulations commonly used for chili food processing; raw paste (chili ground in water), pickled in vinegar or stir-fried in palm oil. each sample was tested for its antimutagenic effect against urethane by using the somatic mutation ...	2006	16624474
difference in folate content of green and red sweet peppers (capsicum annuum) determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.	folic acid (pteroylmonoglutamic acid) is used in enriched foods; however, very little folic acid occurs naturally in fruits and vegetables. for the u.s. department of agriculture's national food and nutrient analysis program, a number of fruits and vegetables have been assayed for endogenous folates, by a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method, to evaluate the accuracy of existing data for total folate determined by standard microbiological analysis. folate in red and green sweet peppers ...	2006	17177533
ascorbic acid contents of pakistani fruits and vegetables.	fresh fruits and vegetables are good sources of vitamin c which is known for its antioxidant and immune-enhancing effects. the objective of this study was to determine ascorbic acid (vitamin c) contents of regularly consumed fruits and vegetables available in pakistani markets. most commonly used fresh fruits and vegetables were homogenized in 5% trichloroacetic acid, and ascorbic acid contents in the extracts were determined using a spectrophotometric method. banana, custard apple, orange, lemo ...	2006	17105704
hydrolysis of zeaxanthin esters by carboxyl ester lipase during digestion facilitates micellarization and uptake of the xanthophyll by caco-2 human intestinal cells.	zeaxanthin (zea) and lutein are the only dietary carotenoids that accumulate in the macular region of the retina and lens. it was proposed that these carotenoids protect these tissues against photooxidative damage. few plant foods are enriched in zea, and information about the bioavailability of zea from these foods and its accumulation in ocular tissues is limited. the amounts of free zea and its mono- and diesters were measured for several plant foods that have relatively high concentrations o ...	2006	16484529
capsaicin, a component of red peppers, inhibits the growth of androgen-independent, p53 mutant prostate cancer cells.	capsaicin is the major pungent ingredient in red peppers. here, we report that it has a profound antiproliferative effect on prostate cancer cells, inducing the apoptosis of both androgen receptor (ar)-positive (lncap) and -negative (pc-3, du-145) prostate cancer cell lines associated with an increase of p53, p21, and bax. capsaicin down-regulated the expression of not only prostate-specific antigen (psa) but also ar. promoter assays showed that capsaicin inhibited the ability of dihydrotestoste ...	2006	16540674
dehydro-alpha-lapachone isolated from catalpa ovata stems: activity against plant pathogenic fungi.	the methanol extract of stems of catalpa ovata g don exhibits potent in vivo antifungal activity against magnaporthe grisea (hebert) barr (rice blast) on rice plants, botrytis cinerea pers ex fr (tomato grey mould) and phytophthora infestans (mont) de bary (tomato late blight) on tomato plants, puccinia recondita rob ex desm (wheat leaf rust) on wheat plants and blumeria graminis (dc) speer f. sp. hordei marchal (barley powdery mildew) on barley plants. an antifungal substance was isolated and i ...	2006	16550502
organic acids, sugars, and l-tryptophane in exudates of vegetables growing on stonewool and their effects on activities of rhizosphere bacteria.	the influence of stonewool substrate on the exudation of the major soluble carbon nutrients and of the auxin precursor tryptophane for pseudomonas biocontrol agents was studied. to this end, the composition of the organic acids and sugars, as well that of tryptophane, of axenically collected exudates of seed, seedlings, and roots of tomato, cucumber, and sweet pepper was determined. the major results were as follows. i) the total amount of organic acid is much higher than that of total sugar. ii ...	2006	16570655
antiobesity effect of kochujang (korean fermented red pepper paste) extract in 3t3-l1 adipocytes.	kochujang (korean fermented red pepper paste) is a mixture of fermented soybeans, wheat, and red pepper powder. kochujang has been reported to reduce body fat gain and lipid levels of adipose tissues and serum in rats. we studied the inhibitory effect of kochujang on lipid accumulation and investigated the molecular mechanism of the action in 3t3-l1 adipocytes by measuring the expression levels of adipocyte-specific genes by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. when 3t3-l1 ...	2006	16579723
capsaicin and gastric ulcers.	in recent years, infection of the stomach with the organism helicobacter pylori has been found to be the main cause of gastric ulcers, one of the common ailments afflicting humans. excessive acid secretion in the stomach, reduction in gastric mucosal blood flow, constant intake of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids), ethanol, smoking, stress etc. are also considered responsible for ulcer formation. the prevalent notion among sections of population in this country and perhaps in others i ...	2006	16621751
capsaicinol: synthesis by allylic oxidation and its effect on trpv1-expressing cells and adrenaline secretion in rats.	capsaicinol is an ingredient of hot red pepper. in this study, we developed a novel method for capsaicinol synthesis and examined capsaicinol's physiological effects on capsaicin receptor (trpv1)-related actions. allylic oxidation of capsaicin by palladium acetate (pd(oac)(2)) resulted in the formation of (+/-)-capsaicinol acetate at a 7.2% yield in a single step. the effectiveness of (+/-)-capsaicinol in trpv1 activation (ec(50)=1.1 microm) was found to be weaker than that of capsaicin (ec(50)= ...	2006	16926503
capsaicin induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human esophagus epidermoid carcinoma ce 81t/vgh cells through the elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and ca2+ productions and caspase-3 activation.	capsaicin (n-vanillyl-8-methyl-1-nonenamide) is found in pungent fruits, especially in red pepper. many studies have focused on the anticarcinogenic, antimutagenic or chemopreventive activities of capsaicin. however, the effects of capsaicin on human esophagus epidermoid carcinoma cells have never been investigated. in this study, we investigated the effects of capsaicin on esophagus epidermoid carcinoma cells in vitro and further examined the molecular mechanisms of capsaicin-induced apoptosis ...	2006	16942782
new constituents of sweet capsicum annuum l. fruits and evaluation of their biological activity.	four new acyclic diterpene glycosides named capsianosides (1-4), together with 12 known compounds, were isolated from the fresh sweet pepper fruits of capsicum annuum l., a plant used as a vegetable food, spice, and external medicine. the chemical structures of new natural compounds, as well as their absolute configurations, were established by means of spectroscopic data including infrared, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance and by chemica ...	2006	17002415
salmonella prevalence and total microbial and spore populations in spices imported to japan.	a total of 259 samples of 40 types of spices were tested for salmonella prevalence and total microbial and spore populations. salmonella enterica serotypes weltevreden and senftenberg were isolated from a black- and red-pepper sample, respectively. because salmonella was not detected by the most-probable-number method, it indicated that at least one cell of the microorganism was present in 25 g of sample. the mean aerobic bacterial count was greater than 5.39 log cfu/g in turmeric, garam masala, ...	2006	17066938
qualitative analysis of mdr-reversing anastasia black (russian black sweet pepper, capsicum annuum, solanaceae) extracts and fractions by hplc and lc-ms-ms methods.	in earlier experiments, the mdr (multidrug resistance)-reversal activities of anastasia black (russian black sweet pepper) extracts had been analysed. recently, the most effective mdr reversing extracts and fractions have been separated by hplc (high-performance liquid chromatography, for carotenoids) and lc-ms-ms (hplc combined with mass spectrometry, for phenolic compounds) methods. as a result of the analytical studies, the following flavonoids had been identified: feruloyl glucopyranoside, q ...	2006	17091773
chilling and cultivar type affect the diversity of bacterial endophytes colonizing sweet pepper (capsicum anuum l.).	a climate chamber experiment was conducted to assay the effect of low temperatures (chilling) on the diversity of bacteria colonizing the endospheres of two thermophilic sweet pepper (capsicum anuum l.) cultivars, milder spiral and ziegenhorn bello. structural diversity was analyzed by 16s rrna-based terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (t-rflp) analysis and by the generation of 16s rrna gene libraries to determine dominant community members in t-rflp profiles. cultivable community ...	2006	17215894
apoptosis induction by dohevanil, a dha substitutive analog of capsaicin, in mcf-7 cells.	capsaicin (8-methyl-n-vanillyl-6-nonenamide), a major pungent ingredient in a variety of red peppers of the genus capsicum, is a type of vanilloid. it has been shown to induce apoptosis in many cell types. the effects of vanilloids on apoptosis induction are thought to be correlated with the length and degree of the unsaturation of the fatty acyl chains. in this study, we compared the effect of capsaicin and its docosahexaenoic acid (dha, c22:6) analog (we named as dohevanil) on human breast can ...	2006	16260002
approach for ochratoxin a fast screening in spices using clean-up tandem immunoassay columns with confirmation by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (hplc-ms/ms).	an approach for ochratoxin a (ota) fast cost-effective screening based on clean-up tandem immunoassay columns was developed and optimized for ota detection with a cut-off level of 10 microg kg(-1) in spices. two procedures were tested and applied for ota detection. column with bottom detection immunolayer was optimized for ota determination in capsicum ssp. spices. a modified clean-up tandem immunoassay procedure with top detection immunolayer was successfully applied for all tested spices. its ...	2006	17723651
short-term vegetable intake by young children classified by 6-n-propylthoiuracil bitter-taste phenotype.	genetic variation in sensitivity to the bitterness of 6-n-propylthiouracil (prop) is thought to play a role in the acceptance and rejection of bitter-tasting vegetables by young children.	2006	16825702
[antioxidant capacity of fruits and vegetables cultivated in chile].	the high prevalence of non transmissible chronic diseases (ncd) related to food consumption had increased the studies conducted to investigate the relationship between diet and health. a smaller incidence of ncd, with food patterns with high consumption of fruits and vegetables has been observed and chemical compounds of these foods have been one of the main subjects of the actual research in the reaqltion between food consumption and health. the effect of vegetable foods has been attributed to ...	2006	17425182
effects of ch-19 sweet, a non-pungent cultivar of red pepper, in decreasing the body weight and suppressing body fat accumulation by sympathetic nerve activation in humans.	'ch-19 sweet' is a non-pungent red pepper and enhances the energy expenditure in humans in like manner to the pungent red pepper. we investigated in this study the effects of a repeated intake of ch-19 sweet for two weeks on the body weight and body fat in humans. changes in the autonomic nervous activity after ingesting ch-19 sweet were also measured by a power spectral analysis. we established a new protocol which allows the precise detection of weight change in humans by using fewer subjects. ...	2006	17151481
analysis of the contents of pungent compounds in fresh korean red peppers and in pepper-containing foods.	an hplc method has been developed for the analysis of extracts of fresh peppers containing capsaicinoids and of both capsaicinoids and piperines in pepper-containing foods produced and sold in korea. the hplc method was optimized by defining how composition of the mobile phase affected retention times. both identification and quantification were based on retention times and the following criteria: linearity of the uv response at 280 nm in hplc, recoveries from spiked samples, and observed indivi ...	2006	17117787
[novel application of ftir to the analysis of sweet pepper seeds and tomato seeds with space mutation].	comparative study of the sweet pepper and tomato seeds lines with space mutation and corresponding conventional seeds was carried out with ftir, in an attempt to search for the influence of space environment upon mutation. the similarities among space seeds lines are: the absorbance at near 1,160-1,061 cm(-1) increased. this result shows that the stretching vibration of c-o on the structure of carbohydrates was enhanced by space mutation. the special mutations are: (1) the absorbance at 2,854 cm ...	2006	16961230
effect of an acute intraluminal administration of capsaicin on oesophageal motor pattern in gord patients with ineffective oesophageal motility.	ineffective oesophageal motility (iom) is a functional disorder affecting about 50% of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (gord) patients. this disease in a severe form limits the clearing ability of the oesophagus and is considered one of the predictive factors for poorer gord resolution. capsaicin, the active compound of red pepper, exerts a prokinetic effect on oesophageal motility in healthy subjects by increasing the amplitude of body waves, even if no evidence exists on its possible role in ...	2006	16918727
[an analysis of sweet pepper seeds with space flight mutagenesis by ftir].	the first-time application of ftir to analyzing and comparing two sweet pepper seeds lines of space mutation and two sweet pepper seeds lines bred in system approaches as well as their spectra is presented. the ir spectrum of sweet pepper seeds lines is mainly composed of the band of adsorption of protein and that of carbohydrates. the absorbance of the two sweet pepper seeds lines of space mutation at 2854, 1652, 1542 and 1160-1062 cm(-1) was enhanced. the peak near 2854 cm(-1) is attributable ...	2006	16830749
the effect of cooking method upon the titratable acidity of a popular vegetarian dish--scope for reducing its erosive potential?	the purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the effect of cooking method on the erosive potential of ratatouille. two cooking methods, stewing and oven roasting, were applied to standardised ingredients taken from the same fruits and vegetables. the resultant dishes were liquidised and diluted with 100 mls of distilled water. five 25 ml samples of each group were titrated to ph 7.0 against 0.1 molar sodium hydroxide. in order to ascertain the relative contribution of each ingredient each ...	2006	16599095
[photosynthetic and growth characteristics of different ecotype capsicum under weak light].	this paper studied the effects of weak light on the photosynthetic characteristics, assimilates allocation, yield formation, and seedling growth of different ecotype capsicum (hot pepper and sweet pepper). the results showed that under weak light, the net photosynthetic rate (pn) , dark respiration rate (rd ) , night respiration rate (rn) , transpiration rate (tr) , water use efficiency (wue) , light compensation point (lcp) , co2 compensation point (ccp) and carboxylation efficiency ( ce) of te ...	2006	17209386
[biological applications of raman resonance spectroscopy and micro-raman resonance spectroscopy].	advantages are given to illustrate the possibilities of resonance raman spectroscopy in the studies of biological systems. a relation giving the size of porphinato-core of metalloporphyrins from resonance raman frequency is proposed. it can be applied to heme, even in lived state. by illuminating the sample through a microscope, resonance raman effect can be collected from 1 (micrometer)2 of sample. spectra of a vegetal-cell wall (pimento) and of a red corpuscle (hemoglobin) are shown as example ...	2006	7332762
capsicum ethanol extracts and capsaicin enhance interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma production in cultured murine peyer's patch cells ex vivo.	we investigated the effects of red pepper (capsicum annuum lin.) extracts (capsicum extract) and its main pungent capsaicin on t helper 1 (th1) and 2 (th2) cytokine production in cultured murine peyer's patch (pp) cells in vitro and ex vivo. direct administration of capsicum extract (1 and 10 mug/ml) and capsaicin (3 and 30 mum) resulted in suppression of interleukin (il)-2, interferon (ifn)-gamma, il-4 and il-5 production. in an ex vivo experiment using pp cells removed from the mice after oral ...	2007	17306834
some fungal endophytes from vegetable crops and their anti-oomycete activities against tomato late blight.	to isolate endophytic fungi from vegetable plants and examine their in vivo anti-oomycete activity against phytophthora infestans in tomato plants.	2007	17309513
final report on the safety assessment of capsicum annuum extract, capsicum annuum fruit extract, capsicum annuum resin, capsicum annuum fruit powder, capsicum frutescens fruit, capsicum frutescens fruit extract, capsicum frutescens resin, and capsaicin.	capsicum-derived ingredients function as skin-conditioning agents--miscellaneous, external analgesics, flavoring agents, or fragrance components in cosmetics. these ingredients are used in 19 cosmetic products at concentrations as high as 5%. cosmetic-grade material may be extracted using hexane, ethanol, or vegetable oil and contain the full range of phytocompounds that are found in the capsicum annuum or capsicum frutescens plant (aka red chiles), including capsaicin. aflatoxin and n-nitroso c ...	2007	17365137
effect of temperature on life history of aphidius colemani and aphidius matricariae (hymenoptera: braconidae), two parasitoids of aphis gossypii and myzus persicae (homoptera: aphididae).	the performance of two aphid parasitoids, aphidius colemani viereck and aphidius matricariae (haliday), against aphis gossypii glover on greenhouse cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) and myzus persicae (sulzer) on sweet pepper (capsicum annuum l.) were evaluated at various constant temperatures. biological parameters of both parasitoids including developmental time, pupal survivorship, percentage of parasitism, and sex ratio of the progeny were studied at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 degrees c. at 2 ...	2007	17445360
prevalence and genetic diversity of bacillus cereus in dried red pepper in korea.	bacillus cereus is a foodborne spore-forming bacterial pathogen that is ubiquitous in the natural environment. infections with this pathogen manifest as diarrheal or emetic types of food poisoning. in this study, 140 samples of dried red pepper purchased in korea were assayed for the presence of b. cereus according to the u.s. food and drug administration standard culture method. a multiplex pcr assay was developed for the rapid confirmation of b. cereus as an alternative to conventional biochem ...	2007	17477261
capsaicin is a novel blocker of constitutive and interleukin-6-inducible stat3 activation.	capsaicin, a constituent of green and red peppers, has been linked with suppression of tumorigenesis through a mechanism that is not well understood. because the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (stat3) has been closely linked with tumorigenesis, we investigated the effect of this vanilloid on the stat3 pathway in human multiple myeloma cells.	2007	17505005
identification of a novel cys2/his2-type zinc-finger protein as a component of a spermine-signaling pathway in tobacco.	in a previous work, we identified a cys(2)/his(2)-type zinc-finger transcription repressor, (zft1), that functions in a spermine-mediated signal transduction pathway in tobacco plants. database search disclosed the presence of another cys(2)/his(2)-type zinc-finger protein zfp1 (accession number aac06243) in tobacco plants. in this work, we characterized zfp1 and investigated whether this protein is also involved in a spm-signaling pathway. this factor showed the highest identity to petunia zpt2 ...	2007	16882456
overexpression of cahsp26 in transgenic tobacco alleviates photoinhibition of psii and psi during chilling stress under low irradiance.	a sweet pepper cdna clone, cahsp26 encoding the chloroplast (cp)-localized small heat shock protein (shsp), was isolated and characterized with regard to its sequence, response to various temperatures and function in transgenic tobacco plants. the deduced amino acid sequence contained three highly conserved regions, showing high identities with other plant shsps. expression of the cahsp26 gene showed that the mrna accumulation of cahsp26 was induced by heat stress. higher transcript levels were ...	2007	16513207
spices mycobiota and mycotoxins available in saudi arabia and their abilities to inhibit growth of some toxigenic fungi.	the prevalence and population density of the mycobiota of 50 samples belonging to 10 kinds of spices (anise, black pepper, red pepper, black cumin, peppermint, cardamom, clove, cumin, ginger and marjoram) which collected from different places in jeddah governorate were studied. the natural occurrence of mycotoxins in those samples was also investigated. fifteen genera and thirty - one species of fungi in addition to one species variety were isolated and identified during this study. the most com ...	2007	24015069
effects of the mi-1, n and tabasco genes on infection and reproduction of meloidogyne mayaguensis on tomato and pepper genotypes.	meloidogyne mayaguensis is a damaging root-knot nematode able to reproduce on root-knot nematode-resistant tomato and other economically important crops. in a growth chamber experiment conducted at 22 and 33 degrees c, isolate 1 of m. mayaguensis reproduced at both temperatures on the mi-1-carrying tomato lines bhn 543 and bhn 585, whereas m. incognita race 4 failed to reproduce at 22 degrees c, but reproduced well at 33 degrees c. these results were confirmed in another experiment at 26 +/- 1.8 ...	2007	19259507
diagnosis and molecular variability of an argentinean population of nacobbus aberrans with some observations on histopathology in tomato.	diagnosis of an argentinean population of nacobbus sp. infecting sweet pepper (lamuyo) was carried out including morphology, scanning electron microscopy, and molecular studies. in light of our morphometric, molecular and host-range results, we consider the studied population to belong to n. aberrans s. l., and by host range tests the population is assigned to the "sugar beet group." its-pcr analysis on individual male and immature female specimens of this population yielded amplification produc ...	2007	19259470
characterization of fusarium oxysporum isolated from paprika in korea.	in the present study we first report in korea the identification and characterization of fusarium oxysporum isolated from rotten stems and roots of paprika (capsicum annuum var. grossum) at masan, kyungsangnamdo in 2006. the fungal species produced white aerial mycelia accompanying with dark violet pigment on pda. the optimal temperature and ph for the growth of the species was 25℃ and ph 7, respectively. microscopic observation of one of isolates of the species shows that its conidiophores are ...	2007	24015078
resistance enhancement of transgenic tomato to bacterial pathogens by the heterologous expression of sweet pepper ferredoxin-i protein.	abstract expression of a foreign gene to enhance plant disease resistance to bacterial pathogens is a favorable strategy. it has been demonstrated that expressing sweet pepper ferredoxin-i protein (pflp) in transgenic plants can enhance disease resistance to bacterial pathogens that infect leaf tissue. in this study, pflp was applied to protect tomato (lycopersicon esculentum cv. cherry cln1558a) from the root-infecting pathogen, ralstonia solanacearum. independent r. solanacearum resistant t(1) ...	2007	18943629
effect of microclimate on leveillula taurica powdery mildew of sweet pepper.	abstract sweet pepper-leveillula taurica microclimate relations were studied under controlled conditions and in commercial greenhouses. conidial germination occurred at 10 to 37 degrees c and was optimal at 20 degrees c. conidial viability declined as temperatures increased to 40 degrees c for 6 h. leaf colonization was optimal at 15 to 25 degrees c. severe leaf infections occurred at 15 to 20 degrees c and conidiation was suppressed at 20 to 25 degrees c. highest germination rates were observed ...	2007	18943930
disease resistance to bacterial pathogens affected by the amount of ferredoxin-i protein in plants.	summary ferredoxin-i (fd-i) is a fundamental protein that is involved in several metabolic pathways. the amount of fd-i found in plants is generally regulated by environmental stress, including biotic and abiotic events. in this study, the correlation between quantity of fd-i and plant disease resistance was investigated. fd-i levels were increased by inoculation with pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae but were reduced by erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora. transgenic tobacco over-expressing fd-i ...	2007	20507485
ralstonia solanacearum strains from martinique (french west indies) exhibiting a new pathogenic potential.	we investigated a destructive pathogenic variant of the plant pathogen ralstonia solanacearum that was consistently isolated in martinique (french west indies). since the 1960s, bacterial wilt of solanaceous crops in martinique has been caused primarily by strains of r. solanacearum that belong to either phylotype i or phylotype ii. since 1999, anthurium shade houses have been dramatically affected by uncharacterized phylotype ii strains that also affected a wide range of species, such as helico ...	2007	17720825
effects of agricultural practices on color, carotenoids composition, and minerals contents of sweet peppers, cv. almuden.	consumers demand organic products because they believe they are more flavorful and respectful to the environment and human health. the effects of conventional, integrated, and organic farming, grown in a controlled greenhouse, on color, minerals, and carotenoids of sweet pepper fruits ( capsicum annuum), cv. almuden, were studied. experimental results proved that organic farming provided peppers with the highest (a) intensities of red and yellow colors, (b) contents of minerals, and (c) total ca ...	2007	17822289
capsaicin induces heme oxygenase-1 expression in hepg2 cells via activation of pi3k-nrf2 signaling: nad(p)h:quinone oxidoreductase as a potential target.	capsaicin (trans-8-methyl-n-vanillyl-6-nonenamide), a major pungent ingredient of red pepper, is reported to have antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties. however, the mechanisms underlying its chemoprotective effects remain largely unresolved. in the present study, we found that capsaicin induced expression of heme oxygenase-1 (ho-1) in hepg2 cells. capsaicin treatment resulted in a transient increase in the phosphorylation of akt and subsequently nuclear translocation of nf-e2-related fa ...	2007	17979524
toxicity studies of genetically modified plants: a review of the published literature.	according to the information reported by the who, the genetically modified (gm) products that are currently on the international market have all passed risk assessments conducted by national authorities. these assessments have not indicated any risk to human health. in spite of this clear statement, it is quite amazing to note that the review articles published in international scientific journals during the current decade did not find, or the number was particularly small, references concerning ...	2007	17987446
bacterial endophytes contribute to abiotic stress adaptation in pepper plants (capsicum annuum l.).	endophytes are nonpathogenic plant-associated bacteria that can play an important role in plant vitality and may confer resistance to abiotic or biotic stress. the effects of 5 endophytic bacterial strains isolated from pepper plants showing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity were studied in sweet pepper under in vitro conditions. four of the strains tested showed production of indole acetic acid. plant growth, osmotic potential, free proline content, and gene expression were m ...	2007	18026213
tropical whitefly ipm project.	the tropical whitefly ipm project (twfp) is an initiative of the systemwide ipm programme of the consultative group on international agricultural research (cgiar), financed by the department for international development (dfid) of the united kingdom, the danish international development agency (danida), the united states department of agriculture (usda) and agency for international development (usaid), the australian centre for international agricultural research (aciar), and the new zealand age ...	2007	17222696
[study on content and intake status of vegetable fiber in rural residents in china].	to study the distribution and intake of vegetable fiber of chinese rural residents.	2007	18303630
effect of composted sewage sludge application to soil on sweet pepper crop (capsicum annuum var. annuum) grown under two exploitation regimes.	the aim of this study is to monitor the effect of the application of three increasing amounts of composted sewage sludge (3, 6 and 9 kg compost m(-2)) on the physico-chemical properties of a horticultural calcareous soil where sweet pepper plants (capsicum annuum var. annuum) cv. california were grown. a comparative study of two different exploitation regimes was carried out; the first was an open-air field-grown plot and the second plot was kept under controlled conditions in a greenhouse. chan ...	2007	16996727
antioxidant activities of different colored sweet bell peppers (capsicum annuum l.).	antioxidant compounds and their antioxidant activity in 4 different colored (green, yellow, orange, and red) sweet bell peppers (capsicum annuum l.) were investigated. the total phenolics content of green, yellow, orange, and red peppers determined by the folin-ciocalteau method were 2.4, 3.3, 3.4, and 4.2 micromol catechin equivalent/g fresh weight, respectively. the red pepper had significantly higher total phenolics content than the green pepper. among the 4 different colored peppers, red pep ...	2007	17995862
acyclic diterpene glycosides, capsianosides c, d, e, f and iii, from the fruits of hot red pepper capsicum annuum l. used in kimchi and their revised structures.	acyclic diterpene glycosides, named capsianosides i', ii, iii (1), c (2), d (3), e (4) and f (5), have been isolated from the dried hot red pepper fruits of capsicum annuum l. used in kimchi. the structures of these compounds have been revised in the sugar connectivities by 1d- and 2d-nmr spectroscopic and chemical methods.	2007	17666836
induction of resistance against the leafminer, liriomyza trifolii, by jasmonic acid in sweet pepper.	sweet pepper (capsicum annuum) leaves at the mature stage have strong ovipositional deterrence against liriomyza trifolii (burgess) (diptera, agromyzidae), whereas the cotyledons are fiercely attacked by the fly. treatment of the cotyledons with 50 microm and 100 microm of a jasmonic acid (ja) solution caused the plant to acquire strong oviposition deterrence against the leafminer. an hplc analysis of the ja-treated cotyledons revealed the inducible accumulation of a compound. based on spectrosc ...	2007	17587684
the composition of arnoia peppers (capsicum annuum l.) at different stages of maturity.	'arnoia' peppers (capsicum annuum l. var. annuum cv. arnoia) are cultivated in areas surrounding the arnoia river, in galicia (northwest spain). some physical and chemical changes associated with maturation and storage conditions have been reported. changes in gross composition, the main physico-chemical parameters and mineral composition were evaluated in peppers collected directly from plants and at two different states of maturity (green and red fruits), and in commercially available peppers ...	2007	17469770
nitrogenous ovipositional deterrents in the leaves of sweet pepper (capsicum annuum) at the mature stage against the leafminer, liriomyza trifolii (burgess).	mature leaves of the sweet pepper, capsicum annuum, exhibited resistance against the american serpentine leafminer, liriomyza trifolii (burgess), agromyzidae. based on bioassay-guided fractionation, three compounds, namely 4-aminobutanoic acid, (2s,4r)-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-pyrrolidine carboxylic acid and 4-amino-1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-2(1h)-pyrimidinone, were isolated from the leaves of sweet pepper. these compounds had significant oviposition deterrence towards adult flies of l. trifolii from l ...	2007	17284863
influence of topical capsaicin on facial sensitivity in response to experimental pain.	capsaicin, the pungent component of the red pepper, has been used as an analgesic in a variety of pain conditions, but sensory impairment after long-term treatment has been concerned. this study investigated the influence of topical capsaicin on various types of sensations including pain in the facial areas innervated by the mental nerve, and also evaluated whether the measurement of cutaneous current perception threshold (cpt) is reliable for the quantification of sensory change following capsa ...	2007	17207073
effects of ch-19 sweet, a non-pungent cultivar of red pepper, on sympathetic nervous activity, body temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure in humans.	we investigated the changes in autonomic nervous activity, body temperature, blood pressure (bp), and heart rate (hr) after intake of the non-pungent pepper ch-19 sweet and of hot red pepper in humans to elucidate the mechanisms of diet-induced thermogenesis (dit) due to ch-19 sweet. we found that ch-19 sweet activates the sympathetic nervous system (sns) and enhances thermogenesis as effectively as hot red pepper, ant that the heat loss effect due to ch-19 sweet is weaker than that due to hot r ...	2007	17341828
multivariate analysis for the evaluation of fiber, sugars, and organic acids in commercial presentations of table olives.	table olives constitute an important part of the mediterranean diet and the diet of many non-olive-producing countries. the aim of this work was to determine the fiber, sugar, and organic acid contents in spanish commercial presentations of table olives and characterize them by means of a multivariate analysis. the selection of variables was carried out on the basis of a canonical analysis and their classification, according to processing styles and cultivars, through a linear discriminant analy ...	2007	18052035
apoptosis induced by capsaicin in prostate pc-3 cells involves ceramide accumulation, neutral sphingomyelinase, and jnk activation.	numerous studies have recently focused on the anticarcinogenic, antimutagenic, or chemopreventive activities of the main pungent component of red pepper, capsaicin (n-vanillyl-8-methyl-1-nonenamide). we have previously shown that, in the androgen-independent prostate cancer pc-3 cells, capsaicin inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis through reactive oxygen species (ros) generation [apoptosis 11 (2006) 89-99]. in the present study, we investigated the signaling pathways involved in the antip ...	2007	17828457
the importance of exposure for healthy eating in childhood: a review.	children's food preferences are strongly associated with their consumption patterns. identifying the factors that influence preferences is therefore crucial to the development of effective interventions to improve children's diets. perhaps the most important determinant of a child's liking for a particular food is the extent to which it is familiar. put simply, children like what they know and they eat what they like. from the very earliest age, children's experiences with food influence both pr ...	2007	17635306
factors affecting the distribution of a predatory mite on greenhouse sweet pepper.	the predatory mite neoseiulus cucumeris is used for biological control of phytophagous mites and thrips on greenhouse cucumber and sweet pepper. in a previous study, n. cucumeris provided effective control of broad mite but was only rarely found on the sampled leaves, raising questions about the factors affecting n. cucumeris distribution. to determine the distribution of n. cucumeris, leaves of pepper plants were sampled three times per day: just after sunrise, at noon and just before sunset fo ...	2007	17534730
rapid all-in-one three-step immunoassay for non-instrumental detection of ochratoxin a in high-coloured herbs and spices.	a feasible three-step method for ochratoxin a (ota) rapid detection was developed and applied for ota screening in high-coloured matrices such as liquorice, ginger, nutmeg, black pepper, white pepper and capsicum spp. spices at a control level of 10mugkg(-1). the method was based on the clean-up tandem immunoassay column and involved three steps: extract application, washing step and application of chromogenic substrate. a significant simplification of the assay was reached by using an additiona ...	2007	19071749
integrated control of pests in tropical and subtropical sweet pepper production.	sweet pepper is now grown, in tropical and subtropical areas, under the integrated pest management (ipm) tactic of 'physical barrier', whereas it was once grown primarily in open fields. this management tactic, when properly employed, has the advantage of eliminating many of the larger open-field pests, and has resulted in greatly increased pepper yields. however, certain other pest populations are exacerbated by this ipm tactic. this paper reviews the primary pests and current control tactics i ...	2007	17437258
development of a simple extraction procedure for chlorpyrifos determination in food samples by immunoassay.	the suitability of immunoassay methodology for rapid and accurate determination of chlorpyrifos in vegetables was tested. the optimised elisa detection limit was 0.32ng/ml, with a working range from 0.69 to 6.21ng/ml and an immunoassay test-mid point (ic(50)) of 2.08ng/ml. a rapid sample preparation procedure considering different parameters such as the amount of sample, volume of extractant, extraction time and dilution factor was optimised. the developed direct extraction (de) and multiresidue ...	2007	19071405
maternal diet during pregnancy in relation to eczema and allergic sensitization in the offspring at 2 y of age.	maternal diet during pregnancy might be one of the factors that influences fetal immune responses associated with childhood allergy.	2007	17284754
a comparison of the carotenoid accumulation in capsicum varieties that show different ripening colours: deletion of the capsanthin-capsorubin synthase gene is not a prerequisite for the formation of a yellow pepper.	ripe pepper (capsicum sp.) fruits can display a range of colours from white to deep red. to understand better the regulatory mechanisms of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathways that underlie these ripening colours, capsicum varieties that show seven different fully ripe colour types were analysed. the levels and composition of the carotenoid accumulation in these samples at different stages of ripening were measured, and the resulting data were analysed in conjunction with the expression patterns ...	2007	17728301
free galactose content in selected fresh fruits and vegetables and soy beverages.	the free galactose content was determined in three soy beverages, and 34 selected fruits and vegetables purchased at different times of the year and/or local markets in british columbia, canada. the objective of the work was to provide additional information on the free galactose content of foods to assist individuals with galactosemia in making dietary decisions. free galactose contents in the selected plant materials ranged from 2.0 +/- 0.1 mg/100 g in red potato to 39.7 +/- 1.9 mg/100 g in re ...	2007	17844990
influence of ripening stage on health benefits properties of capsicum annuum var. acuminatum l.: in vitro studies.	abstract in the present study the in vitro hypoglycemic and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities of hot pepper fruits (capsicum annuum var. acuminatum l.) at different ripening stages were investigated. the mature, green-stage fruits had the highest activity against alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase with 50% inhibitory concentration (ic(50)) values of 55.88 and 76.11 microg/ml, respectively, while c. annuum var. acuminatum in the prematurity green stage exhibited the highest acetylcholinestera ...	2008	18361755
chromosomal dna content of sweet pepper determined by association of cytogenetic and cytometric tools.	the nuclear dna content of sweet pepper (capsicum annuum l. var. annuum, 2n = 24) has been measured by flow and image cytometries but the dna content of each chromosome of this species has not yet been regarded. dna content of individual chromosomes has been quantified by the flow karyotyping technique, which requires a great quantity of intact metaphasic chromosomes and methods that allow the characterization of individual chromosomes; however, the obtainment of adequate number of metaphases ca ...	2008	18347800
[simple preprocessing method for multi-determination of 235 pesticide residues in cooked ingredients of foods by gc/ms and lc/ms/ms].	a simple preprocessing method was developed for multiresidue determination of pesticides in processed agricultural products. residues were extracted from homogenized samples with acetonitrile in a glass centrifuge tube, followed by salting-out and partitioning with n-hexane. co-extractives were removed by means of mini-column clean up. analysis was performed by gc/ms and lc/ms/ms. the prepared sample solutions were examined for matrix effects. matrix effects had both positive and negative effect ...	2008	18633206
[factors affecting oviposition of bemisia tabaci (genn.) biotype b in sweet pepper].	bemisia tabaci (gen.) biotype b is considered a pest of economical importance for several vegetables. the oviposition behaviour of the whilefly was evaluated in sweet pepper plants. the trials were carried out under greenhouse condition and in the laboratory of entomology of defers/unesp, campus of ilha solteira-sp, with the sweet pepper magali-r genotype. the effect of plant age on the whitefly oviposition was evaluated in free-choice tests, in plants, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45-day-old, as egg dist ...	2008	18506298
capsiate, a nonpungent capsaicin-like compound, inhibits angiogenesis and vascular permeability via a direct inhibition of src kinase activity.	capsiate, a nonpungent capsaicin analogue, and its dihydroderivative dihydrocapsiate are the major capsaicinoids of the nonpungent red pepper cultivar ch-19 sweet. in this study, we report the biological actions and underlying molecular mechanisms of capsiate on angiogenesis and vascular permeability. in vitro, capsiate and dihydrocapsiate inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf)-induced proliferation, chemotactic motility, and capillary-like tube formation of primary cultured human e ...	2008	18172315
isotopic discrimination as a tool for organic farming certification in sweet pepper.	organic farming is a form of agriculture that excludes the use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and genetically modified organisms. these fertilizers have been traditionally overused in conventional farming to avoid lost revenue, but this often not does not take into account the potential contamination of aquifers and river due to nitrate leaching. transition to organic farming practices could provide an instrument to reduce contamination and increase potential income. it is difficult to de ...	2008	18178891
determination of aflatoxin b(1) levels in deep-red ground pepper (isot) using immunoaffinity column combined with elisa.	deep-red ground pepper, a variety of red ground pepper, is a special spices belonging to sanliurfa and consumed both in sanliurfa and other provinces of turkey. the aim of this study was to determine the aflatoxin b(1) (afb(1)) levels of deep-red ground pepper. for this purpose, 75 samples of deep-red ground pepper (isot) marketed in sanliurfa (turkey) were purchased from bazaars and herbal shops. the occurrence and concentration range of afb(1) in the samples were investigated by microtitre pla ...	2008	18276054
growth inhibitory effects of kimchi (korean traditional fermented vegetable product) against bacillus cereus, listeria monocytogenes, and staphylococcus aureus.	kimchi is a unique korean traditional vegetable product that is fermented by lactic acid bacteria (lab) and is mainly consumed as a side dish with boiled rice. its main ingredients are brined chinese cabbage, red pepper powder, and fermented fish sauce, and these are combined with many spices such as garlic, green onion, ginger, and some seaweed. the relationship between the concentration of lab or the ph and the growth of three gram-positive foodborne pathogens (bacillus cereus, listeria monocy ...	2008	18326182
capsaicin modulates pulmonary antioxidant defense system during benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung cancer in swiss albino mice.	the effect of a pungent ingredient of red pepper, capsaicin, on oxidative stress induced changes in the antioxidant defense system by benzo(a)pyrene in the lungs of mice was studied. oral gavage administration of benzo(a)pyrene (50 mg/kg body weight) to mice led to a marked increase in oxidative stress indicated by alterations in pulmonary lipid peroxidation, enzymic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-s-transferase and glucose ...	2008	18338764
anti-inflammatory effects of red pepper (capsicum baccatum) on carrageenan- and antigen-induced inflammation.	inflammation is a pivotal component of a variety of diseases, such as atherosclerosis and tumour progression. various naturally occurring phytochemicals exhibit anti-inflammatory activity and are considered to be potential drug candidates against inflammation-related pathological processes. capsicum baccatum l. var. pendulum (willd.) eshbaugh (solanaceae) is the most consumed species in brazil, and its compounds, such as capsaicinoids, have been found to inhibit the inflammatory process. however ...	2008	18380920
capsaicin induces apoptosis and terminal differentiation in human glioma a172 cells.	capsaicin (8-methyl-n-vanillyl-6-nonenamide), the major pungent ingredient of red pepper, has been reported to possess anti-carcinogenic and anti-mutagenic activities. in this study, the effects of capsaicin on human glioblastoma a172 cells were investigated. treatment of a172 cells with capsaicin inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis through down-regulation of bcl-2 and activation of caspase-3. interestingly, synergistic induction of morphological alternation was observed when a172 cells ...	2008	18405923
beneficial influence of capsaicin on lipid peroxidation, membrane-bound enzymes and glycoprotein profile during experimental lung carcinogenesis.	this study was designed to examine the impact of a principal component of hot red peppers and chilli peppers, capsaicin, on alterations in lipid peroxidation, membrane-bound enzyme profiles and glycoprotein levels during benzo(a)pyrene (bp)-induced lung cancer in swiss albino mice. bp (50 mgkg(-1)) induced deleterious changes that were that revealed by alterations in lipid peroxidation, membrane-bound enzyme (na+/k+ atpase, ca2+ atpase and mg2+ atpase) activity, levels of total protein and prote ...	2008	18498718
[survival of salmonella in spices and growth in cooked food].	contamination of spices with pathogens has been reported worldwide, and salmonella might result in foodborne infections. in this study, we investigated the survival of salmonella in black pepper and red pepper, and the growth of the surviving salmonella in cooked food. salmonella enteritidis, salmonella weltevreden and salmonella senftenberg were inoculated into spices, and their survival during storage was examined. in black pepper, s. enteritidis was no longer viable after storage for 28 days, ...	2008	18503241
evaluation of the predatory mite, neoseiulus californicus, for spider mite control on greenhouse sweet pepper under hot arid field conditions.	the efficacy of neoseiulus californicus (a generalist predatory mite) for the biological control of tetranychus urticae, was compared to release of phytoseiulus persimilis (a specialist predatory mite) and an acaricide treatment in sweet pepper plants grown in greenhouse tunnels in a hot and arid climate. to ensure uniform pest populations, spider mites were spread on pepper plants in two seasons; a natural infestation occurred in one season. predators were released prophylactically and curative ...	2008	18584132
'escentric' molecules.	can a fragrance be revolutionary? in this commentary, the creation of two unusual, extravagant fine fragrances, 'escentric01' and 'molecule01', is described. in response to the fantasy components found in release notes of many recent perfume launches, both center around a single real fragrance raw material, the transparent woody aroma chemical 'iso e super' (1+2). the perfume 'escentric01' contains 65% of it, accompanied by trisamber (3), red pepper, lime oil, incense and musks, while 'molecule0 ...	2008	18618401
[analytical method for carbamate pesticides in processed foods by lc/ms/ms].	a rapid analytical method for the simultaneous determination of carbamate pesticides in processed foods was established by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (lc/ms/ms). the pesticides were extracted from samples with acetonitrile using accelerated solvent extract equipment, except for the fine powder type spices, which were extracted in an ultrasonic bath. the crude extract was cleaned up with a multi-solvent gpc column (shodex asahipak gf-310 hq) using acetonitrile as ...	2008	18633196
overexpression of sweet pepper glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase gene enhanced thermotolerance of photosynthetic apparatus in transgenic tobacco.	in order to investigate the relationship between the lipid composition in thylakoid membrane and thermostability of photosynthetic apparatus, tobacco transformed with sweet pepper sense glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (gpat) gene were used to analyze the lipid composition in thylakoid membrane, the net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters under high temperature stress. the results showed that the saturated extent of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (mgdg), sulfoquinovosyl ...	2008	18713430
the n protein of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) is associated with the induction of programmed cell death (pcd) in capsicum chinense plants, a hypersensitive host to tswv infection.	in sweet pepper, the tsw gene, originally described in capsicum chinense, has been widely used as an efficient gene for inducing a hypersensitivity response (hr) derived tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) resistance. since previously reported studies suggested that the tswv-s rna mutation(s) are associated with the breakdown of tsw mediated tswv resistance in peppers, the tswv genes n (structural nucleocapsid protein) and ns(s) (non-structural silencing suppressor protein) were cloned into a potat ...	2008	18722487
identification of begomoviruses infecting crops and weeds in belize.	plants including pepper, red kidney bean, squash, string bean and tomato, as well as weeds with viral symptoms were collected from five districts in belize over a three year period with the aim of determining the diversity of the begomoviruses present. sixty five percent of the samples screened via dna hybridization produced signals indicative of begomovirus infection. subsequent pcr amplifications and nucleotide sequence analyses revealed the presence of four begomoviruses in belize. pepper gol ...	2008	20596296
[simulation model on the formation of greenhouse sweet pepper leaf area index].	leaf area index (lai) is one of the most important crop parameters in photosynthesis-driving crop growth simulation model and canopy evapotranspiration simulation model, while air temperature and radiation are the important climate factors affecting crop leaf growth. in this paper, experiments with different sweet pepper (capsicum annuum l.) cultivars and sowing dates were conducted in greenhouse to quantitatively analyze the relationships of the number of unfolding leaves per plant, the number ...	2008	19123367
impact of production system on development of insecticide resistance in frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae).	the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae), has become one of the most difficult insects to control in the intensive agriculture of southeastern spain. however, resistance problems are quite different in two neighboring areas, murcia and almeria, with distinct production systems. thirty-six field populations of western flower thrips from sweet pepper crops were collected in two different dates in murcia and almeria in 2005 and 2006. western flower ...	2008	18950052