Publications

human immunodeficiency virus infection in the united kingdom: quarterly report 3.	up to 31 march 1988, 1429 cases meeting the world health organization/centers for disease control (u.s.a.) definition of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) were reported in the u.k. of which 59 were in visitors and 1370 in u.k. residents. in the same period there were 8459 laboratory reports of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibody-positive tests. since 1985 the median interval of 2 months between diagnosis and report of aids has not changed. most patients with kaposi's sarcoma ...	1989	2915132
intravenous recombinant tumor necrosis factor in the treatment of aids-related kaposi's sarcoma.	tumor necrosis factor (tnf) has demonstrated antitumor activity against a variety of tumors and is particularly cytotoxic to capillary endothelial cells, which are the presumed cell of origin of kaposi's sarcoma. we evaluated the toxicity and clinical antitumor and antiretroviral effects of recombinant tnf administered at a once weekly dose of 100 micrograms/m2 intravenously for 8 weeks in five men with aids-related kaposi's sarcoma and without prior opportunistic infection. one patient was remo ...	1989	2918461
human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in a seronegative patient with visceral kaposi's sarcoma and hypogammaglobulinemia.		1989	2919620
kaposi's sarcoma in a 6-day-old infant with human immunodeficiency virus.		1989	2923454
kaposi's sarcoma of the parotid gland in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome complained of a dry mouth and bilateral swelling of the parotid glands. kaposi's sarcoma (ks) was found within the tissue of the parotid gland. although ks is a common manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, the presence of ks in the salivary glands is very rare. the human immunodeficiency virus i (hiv-i) genome was not identified in parotid glandular cells or in ks cells in this case, although the virus was detected in infiltrating ...	1989	2927926
lympho-cutaneous kaposi's sarcoma in an african pediatric aids case.	a case of disseminated kaposi's sarcoma with lymphoid and mucocutaneous involvement in an african infant with acquired immune deficiency syndrome is reported. the child died within 2 months after recognition.	1989	2929857
[aids: "we will win"].	an international colloquium on aids held near paris from october 26-28, 1989, unlike the world conference on aids in montreal the year before, was able to find reasons for optimism. significant progress was reported in immunotherapy and in chemotherapy. successful experiments in vaccinating monkeys against the aids virus were reported from the us, france, and zaire. time is needed to prove the efficacy of the vaccines because of the slow development in aids. a vaccine is being tested by jona ...	1989	12342689
skin conditions common to people with hiv infection or aids.	the world health organization clinical criteria for aids diagnosis in africa include kaposi's sarcoma, herpes zoster, herpes simplex, and pruritic maculopapular rash, which have a predictive value for hiv seropositivity of 71-98%. skin conditions may be classified as: 1) generalized dermatitis, 2) bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic infections, and 3) skin tumors. pruritic maculopapular rash (prurigo) is often the first outward sign of hiv infection. soothing preparations such as calamine lo ...	1990	12342834
the global aids situation -- updated, june 1990.	the global aids and hiv situation, in terms of prevalence, by region and sex, means of transmission, progress in treatment, and the tasks undertaken by the who global programme on aids are summarized as of june 1990. over 250,000 cases of aids had been reported to who from over 150 countries by mid-1990. because of under-reporting who estimates that actually 700,000 cases of aids exist. who predicts 1 million cases by 2000. 6-8 million persons with hiv are estimated, and 15-20 million are pr ...	1990	12283394
kaposi's sarcoma among persons with aids: a sexually transmitted infection?	in the united states kaposi's sarcoma is at least 20,000 times more common in persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) than in the general population and 300 times more common than in other immunosuppressed groups. among persons with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) reported to centers for disease control by march 31, 1989, 15% (13,616) had kaposi's sarcoma. kaposi's sarcoma was commoner among those who had acquired the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) by sexual cont ...	1990	1967430
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	the occurrence of unusual infections, in particular pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and the rare neoplasm kaposi's sarcoma, in previously healthy homosexual men in the late 1970s heralded the epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus infection, the most severe form of which is the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	1990	1979021
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids in central africa.	over a period of 11 months, 37 patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) presenting with symptoms of bronchopulmonary disease were investigated. patients presented with cough, weight loss, fever and dyspnoea. investigations included fibreoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy. in eight patients (22%) pneumocystis carinii was found. pulmonary infiltrates were found on chest radiographs of six patients, while in the remaining two patients chest ...	1990	1699254
[otorhinolaryngologic manifestations in patients infected by the acquired immunodeficiency virus].	patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection often present signs and symptoms referable to the head and neck. we reviewed the clinical histories of 110 hiv-positive patients who presented head and neck manifestations. 48 (43.6%) had head and neck signs and/or symptoms as initial manifestation of the syndrome. 40 (36.3%) had oral candidiasis, 18 (16.36%) kaposi's sarcoma, 11 (10%) herpes, 5 (4.5%) hairy leucoplakia and 4 (3.6%) lymphoma.	1990	2076306
paranasal sinus burkitt's lymphoma in a human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) positive male.	patients infected with the hiv virus have been reported to develop several malignant neoplasms, the most frequent of which is kaposi's sarcoma. although an increasing number of lymphomas, primarily non-hodgkin's lymphomas, have been described who are hiv seropositive, few cases of burkitt's lymphoma have been reported in patients. we report a case of an hiv-seropositive man who had paranasal sinus burkitt's lymphoma underlying chronic maxillary sinusitis. successful remission was achieved with c ...	1990	2079010
[kaposi's sarcoma associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. an analysis of 67 cases with a study of the prognostic factors].	the features and prognostic factors of 67 cases of kaposi's sarcoma (ks) associated to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) diagnosed at the hospital clinic, barcelona, are analyzed. all the patients were male; mean age was 39.7 years, ranging from 22 and 62 years. 64 were homosexuals (95.5%), two were homosexual-drug addicts (3%) and one was drug addict (1.5%). prevalence of cytomegalovirus and herpes virus infections were 91.1% and 89.5% respectively. in 42 cases (62.7%) ks was the in ...	1990	2084399
[hiv-associated periodontal lesions].	during hiv infection different lesions may occur in the area of the gingiva and/or the periodontium. an increased frequency and severity of periodontal diseases has been observed. different forms of candida albicans infection have been clinically characterized as pseudomembranous, erythematous (atrophic) or hyperplastic form or as papillary variant. while infection with candida albicans may occur frequently in other areas of the oral mucosa, candidiasis of the gingiva seems to be quite rare. due ...	1990	2100235
prognostic significance of quantitative levels of hiv p24 binding capacity in hiv infection.	human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (hiv-1), produces a chronic infection with a long latency before clinical disease. we followed 214 untreated subjects for 12-42 months to study the natural history of hiv infection: 110 were classified as asymptomatic, 11 as aids-related complex (arc), 15 as aids with kaposi's sarcoma (ks), 31 as aids with opportunistic infections (aids/oi), and 47 were hiv-seronegative controls. the quantitative capacity of serum to complex hiv p24 antigen, termed the p24 bi ...	1990	2111160
kaposi's sarcoma in immunosuppression. possibly the result of a dual viral infection.	kaposi's sarcoma of the gingiva and skin developed in an hiv-negative renal transplant patient while he was receiving cyclosporine therapy. the kaposi's sarcoma developed shortly after the patient had an acute infection with cytomegalovirus (cmv). electron microscopy of the tumor's established cell line showed two types of virus-like particles. cmv dna was identifiable in the cell line whereas infectious cmv could be isolated only after repeated passages (only after 3 months of culture). the oth ...	1990	2153430
[kaposi's sarcoma].	kaposi's sarcoma (ks) (kaposi, 1872) is classified into at least three forms: 1) the classic form; in elderly men of southern european, jewish, and italian origin, 2) the endemic form; among native populations in equatorial africa and 3) the epidemic form; as a complication of aids. as one additional form could be posttransplantation ks in organ transplant recipients. histologically, ks is composed of two characteristic features; a proliferation of angiomatous lesion and of spindle-shaped cells. ...	1990	2157369
moloney murine sarcoma virus 349 induces kaposi's sarcomalike lesions in balb/c mice.	moloney murine sarcoma virus (momusv349) is produced by musv349 cells in at least eight-fold excess over the replication-competent helper virus. less than 48-hours-old balb/c mice inoculated intraperitoneally with supernatant from musv349 cells containing approximately 10(4) musv349 infectious units developed clinical symptoms, including severe generalized wasting, 15 to 20 days after inoculation. these infected mice became moribund 35 to 45 days after inoculation. gross examination of the bodie ...	1990	2158239
[aids and gastrointestinal tract: a summary for gastroenterologists and surgeons].	the majority of patients with aids suffer from diarrhea and weight loss, as well as opportunistic infection and tumors of the gastrointestinal tract; endoscopy is frequently necessary. often, but not always, it is possible to identify an opportunistic tumor or infection which explains the patient's signs and symptoms. in other cases, hiv may itself be pathogenic. the most important opportunistic pathogens are candida albicans (stomatitis and esophagitis), cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus ...	1990	2159657
opportunistic agents in bronchoalveolar lavage in 99 hiv seropositive patients.	during a ten month period, 117 fibreoptic bronchoscopies and bronchoalveolar lavages (bal) were performed in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infected patients suspected of having opportunistic pulmonary infections. the bal were classified into 3 groups, according to clinical manifestations related to hiv infection at the time of fibreoptic bronchoscopy: pre-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) (n = 54), aids with kaposi's sarcoma (n = 37), aids without kaposi's sarcoma (n = 26). on chest ...	1990	2160374
cytomegalovirus in the lungs of patients with aids. respiratory pathogen or passenger?	a total of 166 consecutive clinical episodes of pneumonitis in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) or antibody positive for human immune deficiency virus (hiv) were investigated for evidence of cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection in their lungs and at peripheral sites to determine the pathogenicity of this virus in the lung and its relationship to peripheral cmv shedding. evidence of cmv infection was sought in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid, blood, saliva, and urine using a ...	1990	2161629
possible cofactors for the development of aids-related neoplasms.	because of the various neoplastic manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and the variable period between hiv infection and the development of tumors related to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), it is possible that certain behaviors, toxins, genes, or infectious agents--particularly viruses--may act as cofactors in the pathogenesis of aids-related neoplasms. most epidemiologic and laboratory investigations of possible cofactors have been directed toward kaposi's sarcoma (ks ...	1990	2167169
association of epstein-barr virus in epithelioid angiomatosis of aids patients.	epithelioid angiomatosis, hemangioma-like vascular proliferations recently described in aids patients, has been associated with the cat scratch disease bacillus. other vascular lesions present in aids patients, in particular kaposi's sarcoma, have been associated with cytomegalovirus (cmv). we investigated the possibility of viral association with epithelioid angiomatosis by analyzing two such lesions, as well as unrelated concurrent skin lesions, for the presence of viral genetic information. c ...	1990	2169709
endemic kaposi's sarcoma in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-seronegative persons: demonstration of retrovirus-like particles in cutaneous lesions.	in 1984, greek physicians reported on the clustering of cases of kaposi's sarcoma (ks) on the peloponnesus peninsula. to gain more insight into its pathogenesis, we studied the seroepidemiologic and clinicopathologic characteristics of 12 greek ks patients (eight male/four female) five of whom were residents of an endemic area on the peloponnesus. these patients were in good general health with ages ranging from 48 to 80 years, had no clinical signs of immunodeficiency, and combined the features ...	1990	2170537
human immunodeficiency virus infection in women: report of 102 cases.	we examined surgical specimens from 19 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seropositive females and 83 females with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) to determine (a) frequency of opportunistic infections (oi) and malignancies, (b) differences or similarities between different risk groups, and (c) differences or similarities when compared with men having aids. a risk factor was identified in 86 patients (72 aids and 14 hiv seropositive), of whom the majority were intravenous drug abusers ...	1990	2172959
characterization of bk virus variants rescued from human tumours and tumour cell lines.	episomal bk virus (bkv) dna was detected in primary human brain tumours, in kaposi's sarcoma and in cell lines from brain tumours. ewing sarcoma and osteogenic sarcoma. infectious bkv was rescued from several tumours and tumour cell lines by transfection of total cellular dna into human embryonic fibroblasts. restriction endonuclease and nucleotide sequence analysis showed that all the rescued viruses are similar to bkv-ir, a bk variant previously isolated from a human tumour of pancreatic islet ...	1990	2174963
nuclear medicine and aids.	over the last decade the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) has become one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality both in europe and the united states. the disease is due to infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), which results in progressive loss of cellular immunity; consequently, patients are susceptible to both typical infections with high-grade pathogens and also low-grade opportunistic organisms. in addition, different cancers such as kaposi's sarcoma and non- ...	1990	2178932
reduction of circulating hiv antigens in seropositive patients after treatment with al-721.	sixteen patients seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) at different stages participated in an open trial using the lipid mixture al-721. seven patients were antigen negative and asymptomatic and the other nine antigen positive, three of whom were virtually asymptomatic. al-721 was given per os once a day at a dose of 10 g in a fat-free breakfast for up to 16 months. the presence of hiv antigens in the serum was monitored by enzyme immunoassay (eia) using two commercial kits. in fiv ...	1990	2179157
diagnostic and therapeutic technology assessment. prophylactic treatment for opportunistic infections in hiv-positive patients: aerosolized pentamidine.	the datta panelists considered aerosolized pentamidine to be both safe and effective for primary and secondary prophylaxis of pcp. t4 helper cell counts offer guidance as to the best candidates for primary prophylaxis. patients with a t4 helper cell count of fewer than 200/mm3 are the most appropriate group to receive primary prophylaxis with aerosolized pentamidine. however, t4 helper cell counts are not an exclusive criterion for aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis. some datta panelists sugges ...	1990	2184263
tat protein of hiv-1 stimulates growth of cells derived from kaposi's sarcoma lesions of aids patients.	kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is frequently associated with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1) infection. supernatants from hiv-1-infected t cells carrying the cd4 antigen promote the growth of cells derived from ks lesions of aids patients (aids-ks cells), and the hiv-1 tat gene, introduced into the germ line of mice, induces skin lesions closely resembling ks. here we report that the tat gene product (tat) is released from both hiv-1-acutely infected h9 cells and tat-transfected cos-1 cells. these ...	1990	2184372
kaposi's sarcoma puzzle begins to yield.		1990	2184517
cancer in ataxia-telangiectasia patients.	a gene locus for ataxia-telangiectasia (a-t) is in chromosome region 11q22 to 11q23 and predisposes to cancer. ataxia-telangiectasia patients appear to have two separate clinical patterns of malignancy. one pattern involves solid tumors, which have not been stressed and which include malignancies in the oral cavity, breast, stomach, pancreas, ovary, and bladder. detection of a solid tumor in an a-t patient should serve as a warning. it heralds a markedly elevated risk of another malignancy in th ...	1990	2184934
changes in cutaneous kaposi's sarcoma in a patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus: follow-up to a controlled hyperimmunization trial.		1990	2189364
dermatologic manifestations of hiv infection.	nearly all patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) will develop cutaneous or mucous membrane manifestations. oral cavity lesions associated with hiv disease include candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia and kaposi's sarcoma. skin infections such as herpes simplex, herpes zoster, molluscum contagiosum, staphylococcus aureus folliculitis and warts are often more severe than usual and may be refractory to therapy. seborrheic dermatitis is the most common cutaneous eruption. the appea ...	1990	2190455
aids: epidemiologic features.	at the end of october 1988, more than 75,000 adults and more than 1000 children had been reported with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids); more than half of those diagnosed have died. most adult cases fall into specific risk categories: homosexual and bisexual men, intravenous drug abusers, hemophiliacs and transfusion recipients, and heterosexual partners of infected persons. these categories are related to the known transmission routes of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). in child ...	1990	2193943
the changing incidence of kaposi's sarcoma among patients with aids.	kaposi's sarcoma (ks), the most common cancer in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), occurs predominantly in homosexual men. however, the percentage of homosexual aids patients with ks has declined during the past 6 years. this and other findings suggest that one or more cofactors associated with the homosexual lifestyle, rather than a special viral strain, probably influence the development of ks in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). possible rea ...	1990	2193953
cutaneous manifestations of hiv infection other than kaposi's sarcoma: clinical and histologic aspects.	the skin is commonly affected in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. viral, bacterial, fungal, and protozoal infections and ectoparasitic infestations may affect the skin primarily or secondarily in this patient population. in addition, common inflammatory dermatoses may be severe and persistent. furthermore, unusual inflammatory conditions not commonly seen in immunocompetent patients may occur. the more common opportunistic infectious diseases, as well as some of the in ...	1990	2193955
oral manifestations of hiv infection, part i.	several signs of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, such as candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, and kaposi's sarcoma, may first appear in the mouth. the dentist is in a unique position to detect the oral manifestations of hiv infection. the purpose of this review article is to provide the dentist with baseline knowledge concerning the oral manifestations of hiv infection, to help the dentist identify such lesions, and to contribute to the early diagnosis and timely treatment of hiv-positi ...	1990	2198109
considerations for the evaluation of antiretroviral agents in infants and children infected with human immunodeficiency virus: a perspective from the national cancer institute.	human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in infants and young children differs in a number of ways from that in adults. in most hiv-infected children the infection is acquired perinatally and the course of infection is more accelerated than in adults. diseases related to b cell defects and dysgammaglobulinemia (e.g., multiple or recurrent bacterial infections) predominate early in the disease, and children can be symptomatic before their cd4+ count decreases. lymphoid interstitial pneumoniti ...	1990	2201073
kaposi's sarcoma and aids.		1990	2202906
[skin manifestations in patients with hiv infection].	cutaneous manifestations are common in patients with hiv infection and mainly due to the immunodeficiency. in the initial stage of hiv infection, we frequently observe a rash of macular lesions. during the asymptomatic phase, the patients may typically show the following skin diseases: seborrhoic dermatitis, acneiform folliculitis, persistent herpes simplex, and infections with the human papilloma virus. in arc and aids patients, 3 groups of skin disorders are found: cutaneous infections, skin t ...	1990	2205061
[aids--mucous membrane manifestations].	in the course of the infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), we frequently observe disorders of the mucous membranes and, occasionally, they present the first manifestation of hiv-induced immunodeficiency. like in other organs, opportunistic infections and malignant tumors prevail as a result of the impaired immune system. opportunistic infections are characterized by frequency (candidiasis), aggressive expansion, persistence, frequent recurrences, and resistance to therapy (gingi ...	1990	2205062
oral manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus infection.	it is important that both physicians and dentists recognize the earliest signs of hiv infection in order that a timely diagnosis and patient referral can be made for counseling and treatment. candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, and kaposi's sarcoma are the most common oral manifestations, but there are other important lesions as well. they include severe necrotizing periodontitis, bacterial and viral infections, lymphomas, and carcinomas. the various oral lesions seen in patients with the acquired i ...	1990	2205471
relationship between aids latency period and aids survival time in homosexual and bisexual men.	we identified 277 homosexual and bisexual men diagnosed with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) whose estimated human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seroconversion dates, ranging from 1977-85, could be well approximated. these men were from a cohort of 6,705 homosexual and bisexual men originally recruited for studies of sexually transmitted hepatitis b in san francisco in 1978-80. we compared the time from hiv seroconversion to the initial disease diagnostic of aids (aids latency period) ...	1990	2213508
oral findings in hiv-infected patients attending a department of internal medicine: the contribution of intraoral examination towards the clinical management of hiv disease.	the occurrence of oral mucosal lesions was studied in 70 consecutive human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients, including 35 patients with aids, who had been admitted to a department of internal medicine. lesions of the oral mucosa were observed in 52 patients (74 per cent). oral candidiasis (50 per cent), hairy leukoplakia (14 per cent), periodontal disease (13 per cent), and oral kaposi's sarcoma (4 per cent) were the most common lesions. oral mucosal lesions suggestive of hiv infec ...	1990	2217677
sarcoidosis complicated by hiv infection: three case reports and a review of the literature.	we report three cases of sarcoidosis complicated by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and review four other isolated case reports in the literature. there is clinical overlap of both diseases, including symptoms, pulmonary function abnormalities, and lymphocyte function. bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) in these patients showed a lymphocytic alveolitis without pathogens. bal lymphocyte subset analysis showed markedly depressed cd4+/cd8+ ratios in three patients. these data were clinically ...	1990	2221596
[cardiac pathology in human immunodeficiency virus infection].	clinical cardiac manifestations are rare in the course of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), but cardiac lesions can be found at autopsy in 60% of cases. myocardium and pericardium are the most frequently involved. cardiac involvement in opportunistic infections, kaposi's sarcoma, and non hodgkin's malignant lymphomas usually reflects systemic dissemination of the disease. idiopathic myocarditis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may also occur and may be related to human immunodeficiency v ...	1990	2222003
immunocytochemical analysis of lymph node aspirates in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.	thirty four patients positive for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) who had lymphadenopathy were investigated using fine needle aspiration. cytological analysis included immunocytochemical investigation with the alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase (apaap) method. all patients had confirmation of cytological diagnosis by lymph node biopsy. fifteen aspirates with follicular hyperplasia were evaluated. eleven patients showed b cell predominance. the b cell population did not show light c ...	1990	2229433
disseminated kaposi's sarcoma not associated with hiv infection in a bisexual man.	we report a 42-year-old white bisexual man with disseminated kaposi's sarcoma limited to the skin and gastrointestinal tract. results of several serum tests for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibodies have been negative. the cd4/cd8 ratio has remained normal, and his kaposi's sarcoma has had a benign clinical course during 30 months of follow-up. similar reports of disseminated kaposi's sarcoma with a benign clinical course in homosexual or bisexual men without demonstrable hiv infection a ...	1990	2229537
kaposi's sarcoma: a light and electron microscopic study.	a patient with diabetes mellitus who developed the typical classic lesions of kaposi's sarcoma is described. our patient presented with a reddish-purple papulonodular lesion on the right foot of five months' duration. a skin biopsy specimen showed a proliferation of spindle cells forming numerous vascular slits and a diffuse extravasation of erythrocytes. the patient's sera was negative for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibodies and cytomegalovirus (cmv) antibodies. ultrastructural examin ...	1990	2229644
current advances in the diagnosis and treatment of aids: an introduction.	significant progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of aids. laboratory tests available for assessment of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection include the detection of antibodies to hiv type 1, the direct detection of the virus, the identification of surrogate markers, and the phenotypic analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. clinicians have made great strides in the treatment of tumors, opportunistic infections, and complications associated with aids as well as in ...	1990	2237132
therapeutic approaches to neoplasms in aids.	the multifactorial etiology of kaposi's sarcoma (ks), which is seen primarily in men, includes genetic predisposition and immunosuppression. recently, the ks seen in association with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection has been shown to be mediated by the production of certain growth factors. hiv per se may also play an etiologic role via its tat gene. therapeutic options include irradiation for local or cosmetic control, interferon-alpha, combinations of antiretroviral agents and inter ...	1990	2237135
major histocompatibility complex class i to iii allotypes in patients with aids-related complex/walter-reed 5, disseminated kaposi's sarcoma and in normal controls. the arc-ivig study group.	in hiv-infected patients major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i and ii (= hla-a, b, c, dr) association has been controversial. of the mhc class iii coded complement components c2, bf, c4a/c4b especially c4 allotypes appear of major immunogenetic relevance for their potential differences in virus neutralizing potency and immune complex formation. in the present study 29 patients with aids-related complex and walter-reed 5 arc/wr5), 35 patients with disseminated kaposi's sarcoma (ks), and ...	1990	2238573
sexually transmitted diseases of the colon, rectum, and anus. the challenge of the nineties.	during the past two decades, an explosive growth in both the prevalence and types of sexually transmitted diseases has occurred. up to 55 percent of homosexual men with anorectal complaints have gonorrhea; 80 percent of the patients with syphilis are homosexuals. chlamydia is found in 15 percent of asymptomatic homosexual men, and up to one third of homosexuals have active anorectal herpes simplex virus. in addition, a host of parasites, bacterial, viral, and protozoan are all rampant in the hom ...	1990	2242700
hiv-1 tat gene induces tumor necrosis factor-beta (lymphotoxin) in a human b-lymphoblastoid cell line.	the tat protein from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) activates viral gene expression and is essential for hiv replication in vitro. it has also been shown that the tat gene product specifically inhibits antigen-induced proliferation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. in order to understand the growth and immunomodulatory roles of hiv-1 tat, we have examined the effect of the tat gene on the expression of tumor necrosis factors in a human b-lymphoblastoid cell line (raji). we repo ...	1990	2243081
lymph node pathology of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids).	there has been a recent notable increase in the number of patients in the united states seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and also an increase in the number of otherwise healthy homosexuals with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (pgl). lymphoid tissue appears to be a favorite target for the initial viral infection, subsequent opportunistic infections, and associated neoplasms. therefore, evaluation of pgl is important in understanding the nature of the disease. biopsie ...	1990	2256662
kaposi's sarcoma involvement of the bone marrow.	kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is a predominantly cutaneous malignancy with several clinical variants. extracutaneous sites of involvement are uncommon in all disease variants except epidemic ks (human immunodeficiency virus related) and the african lymphadenopathic variant. extracutaneous ks usually involves the lymph nodes, gastrointestinal tract, and respiratory tract. the authors report the first description of a patient with classic ks to have bone marrow involvement. two additional patients with ks ...	1990	2264577
clinical and epidemiological features of hiv infection at a referral clinic in zambia.	among 1,350 patients with serologically confirmed hiv-1 infection evaluated at the dermatovenerealogy clinic, university teaching hospital. lusaka, through march 1987, 125 (9.3%) had aids, 1,178 (87.3%) had aids-related complex, and 46 (3.5%) were asymptomatic. the male to female ratio of cases was 1.5:1 and women were younger (mean age of 26.2 years) than were men (mean age of 31.2 years). hiv-infected persons had significantly more lifetime sex partners than uninfected persons; other risk fact ...	1990	2293647
kaposi's sarcoma in a cohort of homosexual and bisexual men. epidemiology and analysis for cofactors.	acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) surveillance data for both the united states and san francisco indicate that kaposi's sarcoma is more common in homosexual and bisexual men with aids than in other adults with aids, and that the proportion of newly diagnosed aids cases presenting with kaposi's sarcoma has been significantly declining over time. the changing epidemiology of kaposi's sarcoma was analyzed in a well-characterized cohort of homosexual and bisexual men; laboratory and intervie ...	1990	2296976
prevalence of oral lesions among hiv-infected intravenous drug abusers and other risk groups.	to study the prevalence of oral manifestations, we examined 217 patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). most of our patients were intravenous drug abusers (ivdas) (65%). other risk categories were represented by ivdas who were also male homosexuals or bisexuals (11%), male homosexuals and bisexuals (16%), sexual partners of hiv-infected patients (5%), and hemophilic persons and recipients of blood transfusions (3%). forty-six patients were women and 171 were men, with a me ...	1990	2304743
kaposi's sarcoma: retrospective study of 67 cases with the classical form.	the records of 67 israeli patients with classical kaposi's sarcoma treated at rambam medical center were analyzed retrospectively for clinical and laboratory data. as expected, all except 1 patient were of jewish origin. there was a male predominance with a ratio of 2.2:1. the age of onset was mostly during the 5th to 7th decades of life. the course of the disease was usually slow and indolent. as has been already noted, we found a higher frequency of diabetes mellitus (16.4%). although a high f ...	1990	2307273
lymphoreticular disease masquerading as or associated with an inguinal or femoral hernia.	twelve patients (eight men and four women) had previously undiagnosed lymphoreticular disease associated with or simulating an inguinal (nine) or femoral (three) hernia. the disease was present on the left side in eight. four patients (three women and one man) did not have an actual hernia. two of these women had a preoperative diagnosis of femoral hernia. seven of the patients, including all of the women, had non-hodgkin's lymphoma (three diffuse large cell, two follicular mixed cell and two fo ...	1990	2321121
upper airway obstruction due to tonsillar lymphadenopathy in human immunodeficiency virus infection.	head and neck manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection are common and include diffuse cervical lymphadenopathy, cutaneous and mucosal kaposi's sarcoma, mucosal herpes simplex infection, upper aerodigestivetractcandidiasis, and parotidlymphadenopathy and cysts. recurrent otitis media and chronic sinusitis have been noted in the pediatric hiv population. we describe a patient with hiv-associated tonsillar and adenoid lymphadenopathy and upper airway obstruction. pathologic an ...	1990	2340129
opportunistic infections and malignancies in 231 danish aids patients.	we analysed cumulative disease frequencies in the first 231 adult danish aids patients with life tables. there was a certain hierarchical pattern in the occurrence of complicating diseases. herpes zoster, kaposi's sarcoma and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were early manifestations, whereas diseases caused by cytomegalovirus and atypical mycobacteria tended to occur later in the course of aids. compared with all other aids patients, homosexual men were more likely to develop kaposi's sarcoma, cy ...	1990	2350442
in vitro modulation of human endothelial cell growth by kaposi's sarcoma sera.	sera from patients affected either by the classic/mediterranean form (5 patients) and human immune deficiency virus (hiv)-associated (12 patients) form of kaposi's sarcoma (ks) were compared in supporting endothelial cell in-vitro proliferation. healthy blood donors (15) and a group of 7 hiv-positive drug addicts with no dermatological involvement were used as control groups. endothelial cell growth was assessed by means of a [3h]thymidine incorporation and by an optical density direct cell-coun ...	1990	2352120
the impact of oral examination on the centers for disease control classification of subjects with human immunodeficiency virus infection.	seventy patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) have been included in this study to evaluate the impact of oral examination on the centers for disease control (cdc), atlanta, ga, classification of hiv disease. based on clinical data prior to oral examination, 22 patients were classified in the cdc group 2, 11 in cdc group 3, and 37 in cdc group 4. twelve patients (55%) initially classified as cdc 2, and 4 patients (36%) initially classified as cdc 3 had to be reallocated to cdc ...	1990	2353858
the demographic, social and clinical presentations of one hundred ethiopian patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection.	the demographic, social and clinical presentation of 100 hiv positive patients hospitalized in tikur anbessa hospital, addis ababa, ethiopia, between 1986 and 1989 are described. the mean age is 38.2 years with a range of 16 to 58. over 75% of the patients are under 40 years. they came from ten different regions of ethiopia. only 82% of the patients fulfil the provisional world health organization clinical case definition of aids (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). tuberculosis is the commones ...	1990	2364937
infection of the heart by the human immunodeficiency virus.	heart muscle disease in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), characterized by electrocardiographic changes or congestive cardiomyopathy, is a documented clinical problem, but its pathogenesis is obscure. in aids the heart is known to be involved by a variety of opportunistic infections as well as kaposi's sarcoma, but no causative relation with the development of cardiomyopathy has been established. this study reports evidence for direct infection of the heart in aids, not by an oppor ...	1990	2371952
nasopharyngeal cyst simulating kaposi's sarcoma in an hiv-infected patient.	a case of nasopharyngeal cyst in a 30-year-old male homosexual intravenous drug user infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is presented. the similarity in clinical presentation of nasopharyngeal cyst and kaposi's sarcoma is discussed.	1990	2376712
the emerging aids epidemic in ireland--clinicopathological findings in 23 early cases.	a longitudinal study with follow up to the end of 1989 was carried out on 23 patients with aids who had attended st. james's hospital, dublin, by the end of 1987. until then only 33 cases of aids had been reported in ireland. the patients, all of whom had antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), were predominantly male, young (mean age 31.3 years) and belonged about equally to three major risk groups: homosexuals, intravenous drug abusers (ivda) and haemophiliacs. aids was diagnosed bec ...	1990	2391209
kaposi's sarcoma in human t-cell leukemia virus type i-associated adult t-cell leukemia.	kaposi's sarcoma (ks) developed in a patient with human t-cell leukemia virus type i (htlv-i)-associated adult t-cell leukemia who was treated with a short-term course of monoclonal antibody immunotherapy. the presentation was transient and temporally related to the underlying clinical course. the association of ks in an htlv-i infected, but not human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected, individual should alert investigators to the occurrence of ks in retroviral-associated diseases other than ...	1990	2393719
risk factors for kaposi's sarcoma in the vancouver lymphadenopathy-aids study.	in our ongoing cohort study of homosexual men, the ratio of new kaposi's sarcoma (ks) cases to new opportunistic infections (oi) during the periods 1982-1985, 1986-1987, and 1988-1989 fell from 0.75 (9 ks: 12 oi) to 0.57 (12 ks:21 oi) to 0.27 (4 ks:15 oi), respectively. to examine factors associated with the development of ks as compared to oi, we compared antecedent risk factors in 25 ks cases and 48 oi "controls." in univariate analyses, several classical hiv risk factors including numbers of ...	1990	2395081
incidence of kaposi's sarcoma in a cohort of homosexual men infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1. the multicenter aids cohort study group.	longitudinal data on 2,125 participants in the multicenter aids cohort study (macs) with documented antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) were used to examine the incidence of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids)-related kaposi's sarcoma (ks) over time and to determine if sexual practices and hematologic variables prior to diagnosis differed for participants who develop ks vs. non-ks aids (nks). in the first 4 years of the study, 84 seropositive men were observed to ...	1990	2395082
kaposi's sarcoma in three hiv-1-infected cohorts.	we describe the kaposi's sarcoma (ks) experience in three cohorts of homosexual men, subjects with hemophilia, and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) seroconverters. the risk of ks was higher in hiv-1-infected homosexual men from new york city as compared with washington, d.c. and was very low in the hemophilia subjects. while ks accounted for a decreasing proportion of aids cases in homosexual men, the absolute risk per year did not diminish. survival was similar after diagnosis of ks ...	1990	2395084
the relationship between kaposi's sarcoma and intestinal parasites among homosexual males in the united states.	an interesting temporal relationship exists between the emergence of the epidemic of intestinal parasites in the homosexual male population and the subsequent appearance of kaposi's sarcoma. existent models suggest possible links between chronic parasitosis, viral infection, and the emergence of malignant disease. patients with aids-related conditions have been demonstrated to have a high rate of asymptomatic amebiasis. possible links between intestinal parasites and the development of kaposi's ...	1990	2395086
hiv-1 and htlv-i infection in renal transplant recipients.	the prevalence of retroviral infection in renal transplantation remains poorly defined. we tested retrospectively sera from 224 of 331 patients undergoing renal transplantation between 1979 and 1985. viral antigen based eia was used for screening igg antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-i) and human t-cell leukemia virus type i (htlv-i). positive eias were confirmed by western blot. six patients (2.7%) were found to have retroviral infection, four with hiv-1 and two with htlv-i. the f ...	1990	2403436
the search for cofactors in aids, including an analysis of the association of nitrite inhalant abuse and kaposi's sarcoma.	the identification of cofactors in aids is a challenging scientific task. if successful, identifying cofactors could prove valuable in understanding the pathogenesis of hiv infection and aids and in the development of strategies to prolong survival and/or prevent complications in hiv-infected individuals. there is sufficient evidence to suggest the existence of a cofactor in ks in aids. nitrite inhalants remain a leading candidate to be the ks cofactor. until more is known to document or refute ...	1990	2405412
approaches to interferon combination therapy in the treatment of aids.	high-dose interferon alfa (ifn alfa) therapy induces an overall response rate of 25% to 30% in unselected patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)-related kaposi's sarcoma. up to 50% of patients with relatively preserved immune reactivity respond to treatment. however, when dosages of 20 x 10(6) units or more per day are used to induce responses, constitutional and hematologic side effects may be significant. therefore, efforts are being made to lower the effective dose of ifn alf ...	1990	2405490
hiv infection: clinical features and treatment of thirty-three homosexual men with kaposi's sarcoma.	the clinical findings of patients with oral kaposi's sarcoma are reviewed. these oral findings commonly included candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, gingivitis associated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), periodontitis, and other symptoms, including xerostomia. the other common symptoms of hiv disease that may be of importance in leading to a diagnosis are reviewed in this patient group. treatment by local radiotherapy or by intralesional vinblastine of these oral kaposi's sarcomas resulted i ...	1991	1704495
interferon and other biologic agents for the treatment of kaposi's sarcoma.	interferon-alpha is an effective treatment for a subset of patients with aids-associated kaposi's sarcoma. when given at high doses to patients who lack systemic signs, symptoms, and opportunistic infections associated with advanced hiv infection and who maintain some degree of cell-mediated immune function, tumor regression may be observed in a high proportion of patients. although the addition of chemotherapy to ifn-alpha appears to confer no added benefits, the combination of ifn-alpha with z ...	1991	1708760
hiv infection of human gastrointestinal submucosal cells: an in vitro model that mimics kaposi's sarcoma.	infection of human gastrointestinal submucosal mesenchymal cells with hiv-1 led to cell populations with abnormal growth properties, increased synthesis of endothelial cell and angioblast markers, and release of angiogenic factors. this system may be the first in vitro model for hiv-induced kaposi's sarcoma.	1991	1713204
the interferons. mechanisms of action and clinical applications.	the interferons (ifn) are one of the body's natural defensive responses to such foreign components as microbes, tumors, and antigens. the ifn response begins with the production of the ifn proteins (alpha, beta, and gamma), which then induce the antiviral, antimicrobial, antitumor, and immunomodulatory actions of ifn. recent advances have led to food and drug administration approval of five clinical indications for ifn. interferon alfa is approved for hairy-cell leukemia, condyloma acuminatum, k ...	1991	1715409
phase i/ii trials of alpha-interferon alone or in combination with zidovudine as maintenance therapy following induction chemotherapy in the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related kaposi's sarcoma.	kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is a malignant neoplasm that develops in 20% to 30% of all acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) cases. kaposi's sarcoma primarily involves the skin, but can progress to involve the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and liver. alpha-interferon alone or in combination with zivoduvine has activity in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related ks, especially in patients with limited disease and cd4 lymphocyte counts over 400/mm3. patients with progressive or symptomatic visce ...	1991	1719642
use of recombinant interferons and hematopoietic growth factors in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus.	the recombinant cytokines are increasingly important therapeutic agents for patients with aids. recombinant interferon-alpha has demonstrated antitumor and antiretroviral activities in patients with kaposi's sarcoma. limited studies with interferon-beta suggest that it also has antitumor effects in patients with kaposi's sarcoma, but interferon-gamma appears to be ineffective in controlling this tumor. the hematopoietic growth factors, including erythropoietin, granulocyte colony-stimulating fac ...	1991	1720567
the use of interferon-alpha in virus infections.	the interferons (ifn) act too slowly to arrest acute viral infections, but interferon-alpha (ifn alpha) preparations have proved useful in some chronic infections and will clearly be used increasingly in these in the future. in the preparations derived from human leucocytes or cultured b lymphoblastoid cells, which are in routine clinical use, mixtures of a number of distinct subtypes of human ifn alpha have been identified. there are also 3 slightly different versions of the same single subtype ...	1991	1723372
[the reticuloendothelial system in immunodeficiency].	the concept of the mononuclear phagocyte system (mps) as advanced by van furth et al. does not embrace other cell types which by virtue of their accessory cell function are inextricably linked to the immune response. therefore, a modified functional definition of reticuloendothelial system (res) encompassing the non-lymphatic effector and accessory cells of the immune response, i.e. monocytes/-macrophages, follicular and interdigitating reticulum cells as well as endothelial cells is proposed. i ...	1991	1724832
role of interferon in clinical practice.	interferons are currently the most widely used biological response modifiers. they are of high clinical value in haematological malignancies (chronic myelogenous leukaemia, multiple myeloma, non-hodgkin lymphoma), in solid tumours (malignant melanoma, hypernephroma, pancreas neoplasms, carcinoid tumours, kaposi's sarcoma, glioma, in ovarium, cervix and bladder carcinoma, and in basalioma) and in infectious diseases (chronic hepatitis b, chronic non-a/non-b hepatitis, chronic delta hepatitis, aid ...	1991	1725832
granulomatous vasculitis occurring after cutaneous herpes zoster despite absence of viral genome.	granuloma annulare, sarcoidal and other granulomatous dermatitides, pseudolymphoma, lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma, and kaposi's sarcoma have been described as sequelae of herpes zoster. we report a new postzoster reaction, granulomatous vasculitis, that caused flat-topped papules restricted to the affected dermatome. polymerase chain reaction failed to detect varicella-zoster virus in a biopsy specimen. these results suggest that granulomatous vasculitis occurs without persistence of the viral gen ...	1991	1648109
surgical pathology of the liver in hiv infection.	in the 6-year period 1984-1989, 101 liver biopsies or 'needle necropsies' from human immunodeficiency virus positive patients were examined histologically. of these, only nine showed no abnormality whatsoever. the commonest histological findings were either fatty change or changes related to co-existent chronic viral hepatitis. granulomas were seen in 15 cases, four of which were positive for acid-fast bacilli. a range of organisms were recorded: cytomegalovirus (4); histoplasma capsulatum (1); ...	1991	1653181
kaposi's sarcoma: its 'oncogenes' and growth factors.	viral genes capable of inducing vascular tumors in the skin of transgenic mice are the tat gene of hiv-1 and polyoma virus' middle t antigen gene. instead of vascular tumors, the tat gene of htlv-i causes thymic atrophy and mesenchymal tumors in transgenic mice. no proof exists that any of these genes contribute to the induction of ks but hiv-1 tat is a strong suspect. the gene product k-fgf of the oncogene k-fgf/hst (int) uses bfgf receptors, is homologous with bfgf and acts as a mitogen for fi ...	1991	1657029
malignancies in children with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. the italian multicenter study on human immunodeficiency virus infection in children.	cancer has been closely associated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection but this is less frequent in children. non-hodgkin's lymphomas represent the most frequently reported single tumor. the authors report seven cases of malignant tumors resulting from the analysis of all (n = 1321) children enrolled in the italian register for hiv infection in children. tumors were distributed as follows: non-hodgkin's b-cell lymphoma (four cases); and kaposi's sarcoma, hepatoblastoma, acute b-cel ...	1991	1657358
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and related malignancies: a topical overview.	as we enter the second decade of confronting human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-induced disease, progress in the prophylaxis and treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)-related opportunistic infections is encouraging. while the infectious manifestations of hiv become more manageable, aids-related malignancies remain problematic. in the era of infection prophylaxis and antiretroviral therapy, the incidence of kaposi's sarcoma (ks) and aggressive non-hodgkin's lymphoma (nhl) appears ...	1991	1658943
oral manifestations of recently described viral infections, including aids.	oral viral diseases secondary to human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection are not commonly observed, except for epstein-barr virus infection. for the most part, members of the herpes virus group and the human papilloma viruses are involved. with the introduction of techniques like the polymerase chain reaction, the level of detection has been changed considerably. however, the application of these techniques may also result in difficulties of interpretation, such as is the case with the detectio ...	1991	1666307
a phase i study of recombinant human interferon-alpha 2a or human lymphoblastoid interferon-alpha n1 and concomitant zidovudine in patients with aids-related kaposi's sarcoma.	to determine the safety, maximum tolerated dose, and preliminary efficacy of concomitant interferon-alpha and zidovudine therapy in aids-related kaposi's sarcoma (ks), 56 patients with biopsy-proven ks and documented human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv) infection were enrolled into a phase i study. interferon-alpha was given intramuscularly at a dose of 9, 18, or 27 mu once a day and zidovudine was administered as 100 or 200 mg every 4 h for 8 weeks followed by a 48-week maintenance period. ...	1991	1670585
human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) transcripts identified in hiv-related psoriasis and kaposi's sarcoma lesions.	persons with hiv infection sometimes develop aggressive psoriasis or kaposi's sarcoma (ks) not usually seen in other immunosuppressed patients. however, a specific and direct pathophysiological role for hiv-1 in these aids-associated disorders remains unclear since hiv has not been easily detected in these skin lesions. by combining in situ hybridization with the sensitive detection technique of confocal laser scanning microscopy, we have demonstrated hiv rna transcripts in 5 of 15 lesional skin ...	1991	1676036
human t-cell leukemia virus infection in non-intravenous drug using hiv seropositive men in los angeles.	sera from 634 homosexual men with western blot-confirmed human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection were subjected to radioimmunoprecipation assay (ripa) using an htlv-i-infected human t-cell line (slb-i). sera obtained from japanese adult t-cell leukemia patients, noninfected healthy individuals served as positive and negative controls. hiv-infected groups were comprised of asymptomatic homosexuals (n = 131), aids-related complex (n = 115), kaposi's sarcoma (n = 300), aids-defining opportunis ...	1991	1676593
predictive value of cd4 lymphocyte numbers for the development of opportunistic infections and malignancies in hiv-infected persons.	infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) results in progressive depletion of the cd4 subset t-lymphocytes and the development of opportunistic infections and certain malignancies. charts were reviewed for 185 hiv-infected individuals with 265 aids-defining illnesses (adis) who had t-lymphocyte subset analyses performed within 2 months prior to or 1 month following the diagnosis. also included were 22 hiv-infected patients with oral candidiasis and 20 with asymptomatic infection. sig ...	1991	1677419
liver cancer in transgenic mice carrying the human immunodeficiency virus tat gene.	patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are at risk to develop a variety of different cancers. based on epidemiological data, kaposi's sarcoma and non-hodgkin's lymphoma have been clearly associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). additional cancers such as basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas, melanoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma have also been reported to be associated with a diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. a direct causal role of hi ...	1991	1742742