Publications

h+- and ca2+-induced fusion and destabilization of liposomes.	a new liposome fusion assay has been developed that monitors the mixing of aqueous contents at neutral and low ph. with this assay we have investigated the ability of h+ to induce membrane destabilization and fusion. the assay involves the fluorophore 1-aminonaphthalene-3,6,8-trisulfonic acid (ants) and its quencher n,n'-p-xylylenebis(pyridinium bromide) (dpx). ants is encapsulated in one population of liposomes and dpx in another, and fusion results in the quenching of ants fluorescence. the re ...	1985	4027232
the human body burden of mirex in the southeastern united states.	mirex is an organochlorine chemical with pesticidal and other industrial usages. biologically, mirex was used as an insecticide for the control of imported fire ants in large areas of the southeastern united states. evidence of mirex exposure in a national survey of chemicals in adipose tissue led to a more intensive survey of the general population in treated counties of the southeastern united states. forty sites were selected randomly from 8 southeastern states where mirex was used widescale ...	1985	4032487
pharaoh's ants--treatment of infestation in a block of flats.	a juvenile hormone analogue, methoprene, was used to treat a block of 18 flats which were heavily infested with pharaoh's ants. complete eradication was achieved in 3 months.	1985	4045801
red imported fire ants (hymenoptera: formicidae): population dynamics following treatment with insecticidal baits.		1985	4056198
modelling a two-dimensional random alarm process.	this paper deals with the mathematical modelling of two-dimensional alarm processes randomly spreading, amplifying and switching off within limited distributions of particles (individuals). it has been stimulated by recent studies on the enemy alarm behavior upon disturbance in australian bull-dog ants (myrmecia). the alarm within a random distribution of a limited number of resting particles in a finite two-dimensional region starts with the excitation, i.e. stochastic movement of a single part ...	1985	4074854
fluoroaliphatic sulfones: a new class of delayed-action insecticides for control of solenopsis invicta (hymenoptera: formicidae).		1985	4078136
use of computerized pattern recognition in the study of the cuticular hydrocarbons of imported fire ants. i. introduction and characterization of the cuticular hydrocarbon patterns of solenopsis invicta and s. richteri.	a method is described in which gas chromatographic (gc) data obtained from cuticular hydrocarbons are treated by methods of pattern recognition. based on a recently described sample preparation procedure, gc data are normalized to eliminate slight variations in chromatographic conditions and converted into the proper format for discriminant analysis by computer. the results of several methods of data treatment and display are discussed, based upon the chemometric system package, arthur. the appr ...	1985	4086644
use of computerized pattern recognition in the study of the cuticular hydrocarbons of imported fire ants. ii. comparison of the cuticular hydrocarbon patterns between different colonies of solenopsis richteri.	gas chromatography (gc) data obtained from the cuticular hydrocarbons of the black imported fire ants are treated by methods of pattern recognition. based on a recently described sample preparation procedure, gc data are normalized to eliminate slight variations in chromatographic conditions, and converted to the proper format for discriminant analysis by computer. the results of several methods of data treatment and display are discussed, based on the chemometrics system package, arthur.	1985	4086645
leupeptin, a protease inhibitor, blocks insemination-induced flight muscle histolysis in the fire ant solenopsis.	the effect of the protease inhibitor leupeptin on flight muscle histolysis in queen fire ants was studied by electron microscopy. in untreated animals artificially inseminated, muscle involution was apparent at 6 hr post-insemination and complete by 24 hr post-insemination. however, in animals pre-treated with leupeptin and subsequently artificially inseminated, no morphologic evidence of flight muscle breakdown was seen at any interval between 6 and 24 hr post-insemination. such information app ...	1985	2988153
primary culture of ant venom gland cells.	venom from the ant pseudomyrmex triplarinus reduces the symptoms and swelling of rheumatoid arthritis. the cells that produce the venom were dissected from larval and pupal ants and culture conditions studied. cell dissociation, with minimal amount of damage, was done with 0.25% trypsin at 4 degrees c with subsequent use of soybean trypsin inhibitor. a new medium was formulated and epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, insulin, camp, cgmp, and isoproterenol were beneficial. the opti ...	1985	2991183
monoclonal antibodies to alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles. 1. identification of polypeptides.	ten monoclonal antibodies to alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles (ants) were produced by immunizing mice with a brain homogenate from senile dementia of the alzheimer type (sdat). in methanol-fixed isolated neuronal perikarya, six of these antibodies reacted with nearly every ant, three recognized 70-88% of ants, and one bound to less than 30% of ant. in paraffin sections, three of the antibodies did not bind to tangles that had been fixed in formalin, three stained weekly, and four reacted with t ...	1985	2411142
monoclonal antibodies to alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles. 2. demonstration of a common antigenic determinant between ant and neurofibrillary degeneration in progressive supranuclear palsy.	neurofibrillary degeneration is an argyrophilic intraneuronal lesion found in several unrelated neurologic conditions. the relationship between different types of neurofibrillary tangles is investigated with two monoclonal antibodies raised against alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles (anti-ant). using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique, the authors demonstrate that neurofibrillary tangles of progressive supranuclear palsy, containing 15-nm straight filaments, share an antigenic determinant wi ...	1985	2411143
the sociogenesis of insect colonies.	studies on the social insects (ants, bees, wasps, and termites) have focused increasingly on sociogenesis, the process by which colony members undergo changes in caste, behavior, and physical location incident to colonial development. caste is determined in individuals largely by environmental cues that trigger a sequence of progressive physiological restrictions. individual determination, which is socially mediated, yields an age-size frequency distribution of the worker population that enhance ...	1985	17831241
size and behavior in ants: constraints on complexity.	in this paper i investigate the behavioral complexity of ants in relation to brain size. the volume of the corpora pedunculata, involved in the selection of motor programs, and the antennal lobes, involved in processing olfactory information, are directly related to the volume of the brain of an ant. the volume of the optic lobe, involved in visual processing, is not related to total brain volume. brain volume is allometrically related to head width in ants. behavioral complexity, as assayed by ...	1985	16593638
a toxic dipeptide from the defense glands of the colorado beetle.	the colorado beetle is protected against predators by the secretions of defensive glands located on the pronotum and the elytra. the single major compound of the secretion was identified as gamma-l-glutamyl-l-2-amino-3(z),5-hexadienoic acid by spectroscopic and chemical methods. this compound, which contains a nonprotein beta,gamma- unsaturated amino acid, is toxic to ants (myrmica rubra) at a concentration 10(-2) molar, which is less than its estimated concentration in the secretion (1.8 x 10(- ...	1986	17737292
the development of defensive behavior against predation by army ants.	the development of defensive reaction in the ant novomessor albisetosus against predation by army ants is studied in the laboratory and field. two clusters of behavior emerge: escape with or without the brood, and aggressive defense. escape develops specifically as a reaction against army ants and not in the presence of other ant species. other behaviors develop with varying degrees of specificity toward army ants. all behaviors develop with age in workers isolated from experience with army ants ...	1986	3732626
defensive alkaloid in blood of mexican bean beetle (epilachna varivestis).	the blood of the mexican bean beetle (epilachna varivestis) contains a homotropane alkaloid, euphococcinine (1). the beetles 'reflex bleed' when disturbed, thereby deploying the alkaloid, which is provenly deterrent to spiders and ants. newly emerged adults lack the alkaloid, but the compound builds up to deterrent levels in their blood within days. eggs and larvae of epilachna are devoid of the compound.	1986	3753941
[asymmetry of movement direction of myrmica rubra ants during maze learning motivated by food].	asymmetry in direction of motion was found in myrmica rubra ants at their learning in a symmetrical multi-alternative maze in conditions of "social" alimentary motivation. it was manifested in the form of preferable stay in the right half of the maze and was significant by several parameters: total number of motions, approaches to "false" spots and right turns. unequal degrees of spatial-motor asymmetry (individual and for the whole sample) was revealed by various parameters. most clearly the ri ...	1986	3765838
rate and extent of poly(ethylene glycol)-induced large vesicle fusion monitored by bilayer and internal contents mixing.	poly(ethylene glycol) (peg) of average molecular weight 8000 was used to mediate the fusion of large unilamellar vesicles composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. fusion was monitored by fluorescence assays of lipid mixing and aqueous contents mixing. the extent of lipid mixing, as monitored by dphppc fluorescence lifetime, indicated that large unilamellar vesicles underwent a single fusion cycle when incubated with peg and subsequently diluted into buffer. the ants/dpx assays for contents mi ...	1986	3790550
the natural history of sensitivity to jack jumper ants (hymenoptera formicidae myrmecia pilosula) in tasmania.	there are no records of the natural history of allergic reactions to "jack jumper ant" (myrmecia pilosula) stings, but a letter to tasmanian newspapers asked that persons who had not received prophylactic injections for such stings to report any reactions that they had experienced. two hundred replies were received from a population of 400,000 persons, which shows that these reactions are widespread and that victims are often terrified at the thought of a further sting. persons who responded wer ...	1986	3796365
chemistry of the anal glands of bothriomyrmex syrius forel. olfactory mimetism and temporary social parasitism.	the anal gland secretions of bothriomyrmex syrius forel workers contain cis-3-dodecenoic acid and small amounts of trans-2-dodecenoic acid and oleic acid. the female secretions consist of 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one and a trace of alpha-terpineol. the presence of the ketone in the female secretion may explain the success of these ants as temporary social parasites of the tapinoma ants.	1986	3943313
comparative enzymology of venoms from stinging hymenoptera.	venoms from 20 species of stinging hymenoptera, including nine species of ants and nine species of social wasps, were quantitatively analyzed for the following enzymic activities: phospholipase a, hyaluronidase, lipase, esterase, protease, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and phosphodiesterase. phospholipase and hyaluronidase were present in all the venoms, with activity levels generally higher among the wasps than the ants (p less than 0.05). lipase was present in high activity in several ...	1986	3544339
evolution of social parasitism in ants.	slave raids of amazon ants, the beheading of the host colony's queen by a parasitic bothriomyrmex female, or the protracted throttling of the host queen by an epimyrma female which has penetrated a leptothorax nest, are among the most intriguing behaviors to be observed in social parasitic ants. the evolutionary origin of these behaviors, however, is quite obscure, and further work is needed to elucidate how parasitic life cycles could have arisen from the ordinary social organization of ants.	1986	21227804
evolutionary and ecological parallels between ants and fungi.	despite their different fundamental organization, ant colonies and mycelia of fungi exhibit striking similarities in their social organization. both are collectives of genetically related or identical semi-autonomous units, consisting respectively of discrete multicellular individuals and hyphae. there is a variety of parallels in their foraging and resource capture strategies, developmental versatility and division of labour, and in the interactions between non-self recognition phenomena result ...	1987	21227834
[therapy and clinicotoxicologic follow-up of tartar emetic poisoning caused by an ant insecticide in a small child].	since some years lindane has been replaced by tartar emetic in a sweet tasting liquid against ants, of which a three year old girl drank nearly 50 ml containing 2.3 g tartar emetic. this is a multiple of the lethal dose for children. but this child survived. the course of the intoxication and its therapy are described. the levels of antimony were controlled in blood and urine.	1987	3600675
defensive secretion of the tenebrionid beetle, blaps mucronata: physical and chemical determinants of effectiveness.	the primary components of the defensive secretions of blaps mucronata (tenebrionidae) are two quinones (methyl-p-benzoquinone and ethyl-p-benzoquinone) and the hydrocarbon 1-n-tridecene. the hydrocarbon is shown, by comparison with longer- and shorter-chain n-alkanes and 1-n-alkenes, to be optimally suited as carrier of the quinones, and as a surfactant that promotes spread of secretion over the beetle's body following discharge from the gland openings at the abdominal tip. as shown from repelle ...	1987	3668879
the role of adenine nucleotide translocators in regulation of oxidative phosphorylation in heart mitochondria.	the regulative role of adenine nucleotide translocators (ants) in oxidative phosphorylation has been estimated by the titration of respiration of isolated rabbit heart mitochondria with carboxyatractyloside in the presence of a non-rate limiting creatine phosphokinase adp-regenerating system. it has been established that the respiration rate is not controlled by ants in the two extreme states, state 3 and state 4. on the other hand, at an intermediate respiration rate (30-70% of the state 3 resp ...	1987	2822484
two monoclonal antibodies recognize alzheimer's neurofibrillary tangles, neurofilament, and microtubule-associated proteins.	two monoclonal antibodies that recognize alzheimer's neurofibrillary tangles (ants), ad10 and ab18, have been characterized by immunoblotting against human and calf spinal cord neurofilament (nf) and calf brain microtubule preparations. both antibodies bind to the 200-kilodalton (kd) (nf-h) and 160-kd (nf-m) but not to the 68-kd (nf-l) nf triplet proteins. they also bind to high-molecular-weight microtubule-associated proteins (maps) and tau. ad10 immunostains map2 and map1 families, whereas ab1 ...	1987	2432180
alzheimer's neurofibrillary tangles contain unique epitopes and epitopes in common with the heat-stable microtubule associated proteins tau and map2.	ten monoclonal antibodies raised against alzheimer's neurofibrillary tangles (ants) were characterized for reactivity with heat-stable microtubule fractions from bovine and human brain. five of the antibodies showed very little reaction, but the other five reacted strongly with heat-stable microtubule associated proteins (maps). the proteins recognized by these antibodies have estimated molecular weights similar to those of known heat-stable maps, tau (52-68 kd) and map2 (200-250 kd). that the p ...	1987	2433949
troublesome insects: fire ants and leaf-cutting ants.		1987	17795602
collective cues as a basis for nestmate recognition in polygynous leptothoracine ants.	three alternative hypotheses have been advanced to explain the dynamics of individually produced nestmate-recognition cues in colonies of social insects: (i) that there is no effective transfer of cues among nestmates (individual hypothesis); (ii) that cues are shared reciprocally among nestmates (collective hypothesis); and (iii) that cues derived from the queen are transferred to all colony members and dominate all other cues in nestmate recognition (queen hypothesis). in the present study, a ...	1988	16593947
standard energy metabolism of a desert harvester ant, pogonomyrmex rugosus: effects of temperature, body mass, group size, and humidity.	pogonomyrmex rugosus (hymenoptera: formicidae) is an important seed predator in the mojave desert of the southwestern united states. its standard rate of o(2) consumption ( vo(2)) varied significantly with temperature ( vo(2) = 10((-1.588 + 0.0315t)), where vo(2) is ml.g(-1).hr(-1) and t is body temperature in degrees c). the ratio of the vo(2) values at 10 degrees c increments in body temperature, q(10), also varied with temperature; methods of calculating vo(2) from temperature with a shifting ...	1988	16593953
path integration in desert ants, cataglyphis fortis.	foraging desert ants, cataglyphis fortis, continually keep track of their own posotions relative to home- i.e., integrate their tortuous outbound routes and return home along straight (inbound) routes. by experimentally manipulating the ants' outbound trajectories we show that the ants solve this path integration problem not by performing a true vector summation (as a human navigator does) but by employing a computationally simple approximation. this approximation is characterized by small, but ...	1988	16593958
abscisic acid enhances aggregation and fusion of phospholipid vesicles.	the plant hormone abscisic acid (aba) is shown to enhance the aggregation and fusion of small unilamellar lipid vesicles composed of 80 mol% dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (dmpc) and 20 mol% dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (dmpe). aggregation and fusion did not occur with single component (100 mol%) dmpc vesicles. fusion was followed by two fundamentally different techniques, fluorescence resonance energy transfer which monitors intermixing of bilayers and ants-dpx which monitors intermixing of t ...	1988	2972286
[the use of tools by primates: definition, criteria and hypotheses of its appearance in anthropogenesis].	the different approaches to the definition of "tool-using" and "tool" are discussed. the definitions of tool-using are given, the hypotheses of the tool-using origin in phylogenesis of primates: emotional, social tradition, playing, accumulations' objects are adduced. the modern data on tool-using for catching ants and termites, for cracking palm-nuts by wild chimpanzees under natural inhabitation, population and sex differences in tool-using are given. a conclusion has been made that tool-using ...	1988	3132986
allergens of the imported fire ant.	a whole body extact (wbe) was prepared by saline extraction of ground imported fire ants (ifa). a serum pool from rabbits immunized with the wbe elicited 31 precipitates on crossed immunoelectrophoresis. crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis was performed with sera from 26 rast ifa-positive subjects, 24 of whom were known for clinical hypersensitivity to ifa and two subjects, known to be hypersensitive to yellow jacket. radiostaining was obtained to 14 precipitates, some of which were judged to be ...	1988	3171000
ants in the woodpile--a cause of explosion injury.		1988	3187823
allergens in hymenoptera venom. xxi. cross-reactivity and multiple reactivity between fire ant venom and bee and wasp venoms.	the relationships between fire ant venom and bee and wasp venoms were explored by studying sera from five groups of subjects. group 1 included adults not allergic to any venoms and who were not exposed to fire ants. group 2 included adults with fire ant exposure who were not allergic to venoms. group 3 included patients with recent systemic reactions to fire ant venom. group 4 included patients allergic to bee and vespid venoms with no fire ant exposure. last, group 5 included patients allergic ...	1988	3192866
the ant, pachycondyla sennaarensis (mayr) as an intermediate host for the poultry cestode, raillietina tetragona (molin).	the role of several species of ants as intermediate hosts for poultry cestodes in the sudan was investigated by a search for cysticercoids in specimens from poultry houses in various localities in the country. pachycondyla sennaarensis, messor galla and acantholepis sp. were the only species collected from the areas surveyed. all these ants were examined for cysticercoids of poultry tapeworms but only p. sennaarensis was found to carry cysticercoids, all of which were identical to those of the p ...	1988	3195046
the rostral nasal anatomy of two elephant shrews.	the nasal anatomy of elephantulus brachyrhynchus and e. myurus shows adaptations needed for a long, mobile snout with no special chemosensory features. olfactory and vomeronasal neuroepithelia do not extend rostral to the nasal opening of the incisive ducts. their fine structure presents no unusual features. separate dorsal, lateral and ventral cartilages and fenestrations in the septal cartilage permit snout flexibility. dorsal and ventral tubular glands extend the whole length of the snout und ...	1988	3198474
[an elite for work for ants].		1988	3217688
direct fluorescence measurement of diffusional water permeability in the vasopressin-sensitive kidney collecting tubule.	a fluorescence method has been developed for accurate and instantaneous measurement of transepithelial diffusional water permeability (pd) in perfused kidney tubules based on the sensitivity of the fluorophore aminonapthelane trisulfonic acid (ants) to solution h2o/d2o content. the fluorescence of ants was 3.2-fold lower in an h2o buffer than in a d2o buffer. the response of ants fluorescence to a change in solution h2o/d2o content occurred in less than 1 ms and was due to a collisional quenchin ...	1988	3224144
alkaloid venom of european ants in the genus monomorium. site of synthesis, identification and quantification.	the venom of the european ant monomorium is composed of five alkaloids: three 2.5 transdialkylpyrrolidines and two 2.5 transdialkylpyrrolines. the venom is synthesized by a glandular complex composed of a biramous external filamentous gland, and a single internal gland invaginated into the reservoir. external glands and the proximal two-thirds of the internal gland are composed of glandular units, with one glandular cell and one associated duct cell. glandular cells contain numerous giant mitoch ...	1988	3268426
modes of spontaneous chromosomal mutation and karyotype evolution in ants with reference to the minimum interaction hypothesis.	aspects of chromosomal mutation and karyotype evolution in ants are discussed with reference to recently accumulated karyological data, and to detailed karyotype analyses of several species or species complexes with low chromosome number and unusual chromosomal mutations (the complexes of myrmecia pilosula (smith) (n = 1, 5 or 9 to 16); m. piliventris smith (n = 2, 3-4, 17 or 32), and ponera scabra wheeler (n = 3 or 4, 2n = 7 or 8). translocations and robertsonian polymorphisms are confirmed to ...	1988	3273765
dicroceliasis (lancet fluke disease) in an hiv seropositive man.	dicroceliasis is an unusual zoonotic trematode infection caused by the lancet liver fluke, dicrocoelium dendriticum. grazing herbivores (usually sheep or cattle) are the definitive hosts. the life cycle proceeds through two intermediate hosts: the land snail and the field ant. human infection is acquired by consuming the field ant. this case report describes a human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patient who presumably acquired this parasite from bottled water contaminated with ants. a brie ...	1988	3336179
interaction of erythrocyte protein 4.1 with phospholipids. a monolayer and liposome study.	we have studied the interaction of purified human erythrocyte protein 4.1 with phospholipid membranes by monitoring both the increase in surface pressure of monolayers at the air/water interface and the change in permeability in liposomes to fluorescent molecules, in the presence of protein 4.1. protein 4.1 penetrated into monolayers of brain phosphatidylserine (ps) and egg phosphatidylcholine (pc), even above surface pressures of 30 mn/m. protein 4.1 increased the permeability of negatively cha ...	1988	3337803
a method for the manufacture of single barrel liquid ion-selective microelectrodes: an in situ study of ant venom ph.	a method for the manufacture of single barrel ion-sensitive microelectrodes, employing liquid ion-selective sensors, is described in detail. this method had proven reliable and repeatable for the manufacture of ph-sensitive microelectrodes using a liquid proton carrier. it is believed that this method has advantages over other published methods since it allows direct visualization and control of major steps during electrode fabrication and overcomes several problems often encountered using more ...	1988	3357759
rast-inhibition studies of the imported fire ant solenopsis invicta with whole body extracts and venom preparations.	whole body extracts of imported fire ants (ifawbe) are the only reagents currently available for diagnosis and immunotherapy of patients with anaphylaxis to these hymenoptera. to characterize better ifawbe of the species solenopsis invicta, we evaluated the sera of 29 patients with systemic or large local reactions to imported fire ant (ifa) stings. forty-eight percent (14/29) of these sting-sensitive patients were ifawbe rast positive (greater than or equal to 6% binding of total radioactivity ...	1988	3379222
la3+-induced fusion of phosphatidylserine liposomes. close approach, intermembrane intermediates, and the electrostatic surface potential.	the fusion of large unilamellar phosphatidylserine liposomes (ps luv) induced by la3+ has been monitored using the 1-aminoapthalene-3,6,8-trisulfonic acid/p-xylenebis(pyridinium bromide) (ants/dpx) fluorescence assay for the mixing of aqueous contents. the fusion event is extensive and nonleaky, with up to 95% mixing of contents in the fused liposomes. however, addition of excess edta leads to disruption of the fusion products in a way that implies the existence of metastable intermembrane conta ...	1988	3382713
human erythrocyte electrofusion kinetics monitored by aqueous contents mixing.	the kinetics of electrically induced fusion of human erythrocyte ghosts were monitored by the tb/dpa and ants/dpx fluorescence fusion assays. ghosts were aligned by dielectrophoresis using a 3-mhz 350-v/cm alternating field and were fused by single 15- or 50-microseconds electric field pulses of amplitude 2.5-5.0 kv/cm. fusion was detected immediately after the pulse. the peak fluorescence change due to fusion was always obtained within 7 s of pulse application, and was highest for a 5.0 kv/cm 1 ...	1988	3390523
impact of red imported fire ant (hymenoptera: formicidae) predation on horn flies (diptera: muscidae) in a cattle pasture treated with pro-drone.		1988	3403766
[seasonal occurrence of dicrocoelium dendriticum in intermediate hosts].	epizootiological questions were studied on a permanent pasture of a farm situated in one of the dicrocoeliasis areas in the gdr during the 1986 grazing season. helicella obvia snails and formica fusca ants were found to be first and second intermediate hosts respectively. a total of 1,121 snails and 70 ants were dissected. the infestation rate with dicrocoelium dendriticum stages in snails decreased in summer after the high spring peak and increased again in autumn. paralysed ants were found onl ...	1988	3415040
karyotypes, c-banding, and chromosomal location of active nucleolar organizing regions in tapinoma (hymenoptera, formicidae).	the haploid and diploid karyotypes of tapinoma erraticum (n = 8) and tapinoma nigerrimum (n = 9) were analyzed using c-banding and observation of nor sites. c-banding showed the existence of heterochromatin in the paracentromeric regions of all chromosomes. the analysis of nor sites in these species proved the existence of primary activity nor in one or two chromosomes, respectively, whereas the other chromosomes showed secondary activity nor, expressed only in a minority of cells. in both speci ...	1988	3417142
brain 5-ht and inhibition of aggressive behavior in animals: 5-hiaa and receptor subtypes.	evolutionary constant serotonin (5-ht) neuronal systems evolved along medial brain structures; yet, wide variations in functionality characterize serotonergic systems in mediating aggressive responses in species ranging from lobsters, ants, electric fish, and rodents to primates. so far, the attempts to correlate cerebrospinal fluid (csf) 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-hiaa) levels with measures of aggression have revealed inverse, direct, or no correlations in different nonhuman primate species. ...	1989	2483273
simultaneous optical measurement of osmotic and diffusional water permeability in cells and liposomes.	a quantitative description of transmembrane water transport requires specification of osmotic (pf) and diffusional (pd) water permeability coefficients. methodology has been developed to measure pf and pd simultaneously on the basis of the sensitivity and rapid response of the fluorophore aminonaphthalenetrisulfonic acid (ants) to solution h2o/d2o content. cells loaded with ants in an h2o buffer were subjected to an inward osmotic gradient with a d2o buffer in a stopped-flow apparatus. the time ...	1989	2540807
multiple stings by imported fire ants (solenopsis invicta), without systemic effects.	this is the first case report of imported fire ants invading a building and aggressively attacking a human being, resulting in multiple stings. this case illustrates that, although the venom has a high ld50 in mice, it does not induce toxic systemic effects in humans when the venom is introduced intradermally.	1989	2567534
morphological changes in the ommatidia of an ant in the day and night states.	morphological changes in dioptric structures, in the position of screening pigments and in the microvillar arrangement of the rhabdom were observed in atta sexdens ant ommatidia exposed to different light/dark schedules. during the day there was a funneling of the crystalline cone and the pigments were close to the rhabdom. at night the crystalline cone became thicker and shorter than in the day state and the pigments moved away from the rhabdom. endogenous control for these changes was demonstr ...	1989	2636013
allergy to imported fire ants.		1989	2688130
mycetocyte symbiosis in insects.	1. non-pathogenic microorganisms, known as mycetocyte symbionts, are located in specialized 'mycetocyte' cells of many insects that feed on nutritionally unbalanced or poor diets. the insects include cockroaches, cimicidae and lygaeidae (heteroptera), the homoptera, anoplura, the diptera pupiparia, some formicine ants and many beetles. 2. most mycetocyte symbionts are prokaryotes and a great diversity of forms has been described. none has been cultured in vitro and their taxonomic position is ob ...	1989	2696562
controversies on the subject of slave-raids in amazon ants (genus polyergus).	the paper contains a polemic with the view expressed by talbot, wilson and topoff and his co-workers, who maintain that the existence of scouts and their leading directing in slave-raids of the american polyergus' species is fully proved. in particular we do not agree with talbot's and wilson's argument that following by the amazons of the scent-trail prepared from the crushed bodies of their nestmates indicates that the amazon raids follow the trails of scouts. considering the results and notio ...	1989	2700536
spectrum of bacterial pathogens transmitted by pharaoh's ants.		1989	2709811
comparative studies on the protein composition of hymenopteran venom reservoirs.	the proteins of venom reservoirs from 25 hymenopteran species from 21 genera were investigated with regard to their protein composition and immunological similarities. it was found that low mol. wt proteins and polypeptides are typical for the venoms of ants, social wasps and bees. six species of ichneumonoid parasitic wasps lack these low mol. wt proteins. except for bee venoms none of the low mol. wt proteins contain mannose. the venoms of ichneumonoid parasites and ants contained primarily ac ...	1989	2711410
allergy to the venom of jumper and bull ants.		1989	2716572
medical grand rounds. west virginia university health sciences center. bites and stings. part 1. spiders.	most animals can bite or sting. in narrowing the kingdom down to those that harm humans, the field still is vast. it would be interesting to explore the rich variety of pathology produced in us by moray eels, lionfish, sea urchins, jellyfish, sting rays, fire ants, kissing bugs, flies, lice, mosquitoes, ticks, mites, fleas, puss caterpillars, centipedes, snakes, dogs and cats, camels, and myriad other creatures including homo sapiens (not a trivial biter)--but for this grand rounds, the topic wi ...	1989	2718467
comparative study of brain morphology in ants.	brain morphology, with special attention to the three dimensional form of the corpora pedunculata, was studied in thirteen species of ants, representing four subfamilies of formicidae. the results can be summarized as follows. (1) the neural systems processing optic and olfactory information differ in the evolutionary history among the studied taxa. a positive correlation can be demonstrated in the phylogenetic history of the corpora pedunculata, central body, cerebral bridge and olfactory lobe, ...	1989	2720368
[plasticity of the behavior of myrmica rubra ants during learning in a multi-alternative symmetric labyrinth].	the ability was studied of myrmica rubra ants to change the habit of passing through a multialternative symmetric labyrinth at motivation of the care for posterity. in exams the location of reinforcement was changed: in the first exam the progeny was carried from both aim places to those symmetric to them relatively to labyrinth cross axis; in the second exam the reinforcement was left on one aim place non-preferred during learning. the first exam was passed by 62.5% of ants, the second--by 87.5 ...	1989	2735136
comparative study of temporal summation and response form in hymenopteran photoreceptors.	1. temporal summation was measured in green-sensitive photoreceptors of seven hymenopteran species with various life styles: three bees, melipona quadrifasciata quadrifasciata, trigona spinnipes and bombus morio; one wasp, polistes canadensis; and three ants, pseudomyrmex phyllophilus, camponotus rufipes, and atta sexdens rubropilosa. in all species approximate agreement with bloch's law was confirmed. 2. critical durations (tc), which varied from 10 ms (pseudomyrmex) to 46 ms (atta), are discus ...	1989	2746551
[pharaoh ants in hospitals and health centers].		1989	2762395
liposome fusion catalytically induced by phospholipase c.	large unilamellar vesicles composed of phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine/cholesterol (50:25:25 mole ratio) were treated with phospholipase c. the early stages of phospholipid cleavage are accompanied by mixing of bilayer lipids (monitored by dequenching of octadecylrhodamine fluorescence) and leakage-free mixing of vesicle contents [measured by using 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid (ants) and p-xylylenebis(pyridinium bromide) (dpx)]. these results are interpreted in terms of ...	1989	2819074
isolation, growth characteristics, and long-term storage of fungi cultivated by attine ants.	seven pure-culture strains of fungi cultivated by attine ants (ant-garden fungi) were isolated from locally maintained leaf-cutting ant colonies. an ant-garden fungus strain obtained from an atta cephalotes colony, when offered to ants of the colony from which the fungus was isolated, was accepted as their own. young fungus cultures were harvested and incorporated into the fungus garden, and cultures of intermediate age were used to begin a new fungus garden; old cultures were simply harvested. ...	1989	16347927
the fire (ants) this time.		1989	17780418
myrmecotrophy: plants fed by ants.	two plant genera with tubers specialized for occupation by ants absorb nutrients from waste materials accumulated by the resident colonies. the mineral resources of these host plants are augmented by colony foraging which functions as a second root system. this mutualistic interaction has become known as myrmecotrophy. many other kinds of plant structure are apparent adaptations to accommodate ant colonies; these include pouches on leaves or petioles and hollow twigs, stems or thorns. sometimes ...	1989	21227344
cuckoos and parasitic ants: interspecific brood parasitism as an evolutionary arms race.	each summer thousands of nesting birds feed cuckoo chicks that have killed the hosts' own young. likewise, worker ants rear the brood of other ants that have killed the workers' queen or even induced the workers to kill their queen themselves. in both cases the hosts spend time and energy raising offspring that, to them, are of no genetic value. such exploitation involves intricate parasitic adaptations for deceiving hosts. it should also provoke host defences. brood and social parasites and the ...	1989	21227369
dispersal and predation in alien acacia.	i investigated seed removal in the litter layer of alien acacia stands at bimonthly intervals throughout one year. both ants (dispersers) and rodents (predators) removed significant quantities of seeds and may compete for seeds in low density acacia stands. seed removal from depots was greatest prior to seed-fall (sept.-nov.) and lowest during seed-fall (jan.-mar.). as rodents may consume a large proportion of the annual seed production at low acacia densities, i propose that ants have played a ...	1990	22160127
variation in the use of orchid extrafloral nectar by ants.	the relation between ant-plant specificity and the use of host plants as a resource was investigated in the facultative, myrmecophytic orchid, caularthron bilamellatum (rchg.f.) schult. using stable isotopes, we determined the portion of the ants' diets derived from host plants. we documented that six ant species inhabiting the orchid: (1) derived nutritional benefit from host orchids, and (2) had species-specific levels of extrafloral nectar use. proportionate contribution of extrafloral nectar ...	1990	22160122
effects of larval diet on myrmecophilous qualities of polyommatus icarus caterpillars (lepidoptera: lycaenidae).	fourth instar larvae of polyommatus icarus maintain myrmecophilous associations with ants. in laboratory experiments, the attractiveness of larvae reared on foliage of the tree robinia pseudacacia was significantly reduced compared with caterpillars fed with herbaceous fabaceae. the ability to secrete carbohydraterich liquids from the dorsal nectary organ was also strongly reduced, while the function of the tentacle organs remained unaffected. the reductions in attractiveness and secretion abili ...	1990	22160126
enhancement of symbioses between butterfly caterpillars and ants by vibrational communication.	butterfly caterpillars produce calls that appear to play a role in maintaining symbiotic associations with ants. a survey of butterfly species from south and central america, north america, europe, thailand, and australia suggests that the ability for caterpillars to call has evolved independently at least three times, and that calling may be ubiquitous among ant-associated species. because ants use substrate-borne sound in their communication systems, this study points to the possibility that t ...	1990	17733373
the ants. bert holldobler and edward o. wilson. belknap (harvard university press), cambridge, ma, 1990. xiv, 732 pp., illus., + plates. $65.		1990	17811857
code of ant-plant mutualism broken by parasite.	newly discovered phyllobaenus beetles are parasites of a mutualism. piper ant-plants in tropical forests provide lipid and protein-rich food cells and shelter for pheidok bicornis ants while the ants remove small herbivores and vines from the foliage. in contrast to all other ant-plants, piper ant-plants produce food bodies only when pheidole bicornis is present in the plant. however, phyllobaenus beetles can stimulate the plants to produce food bodies as if ants were present. the beetles then i ...	1990	17740138
ntp toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of furfural (cas no. 98-01-1) in f344/n rats and b6c3f1 mice (gavage studies).	furfural is used as a precursor for the manufacture of furan, furfuryl alcohol, tetrahydrofuran, and their derivatives and as an industrial solvent. furfural is also present in numerous processed food and beverage products. ntp toxicology and carcinogenesis studies were conducted by administering furfural (99% pure) in corn oil by gavage to groups of f344/n rats and b6c3f1 mice of each sex for 16 days, 13 weeks, or 2 years. genetic toxicology studies were conducted in salmonella typhimurium, mou ...	1990	12692654
when can ants discriminate the sex of brood? a new aspect of queen-worker conflict.	the stage in preimaginal ontogeny at which the sexes can first be distinguished has important implications for queen-worker conflict in social insects. if workers are unable to sex larvae at an early instar, their opportunity to control colony reproductive strategies may be limited. in addition, by concealing the sex of her sons for some portion of development, the queen could protect them from the workers' attempts to substitute their own sons or to skew the numerical sex ratio. in a series of ...	1990	11607136
[control of the pharaoh's ant with borax bait formulations].	results are given for the experimental control of pharaoh ants, monomorium pharaonis l., with persistent borax baits in the laboratory and the field. dybh-bait formulations with about 17 per cent borax are very attractive and have a good effectivity. in 5 different objects infested with this ant eradication was proved to be possible with this experimental formulations. the progress of eradication depends essentially on the good organisational preparation of control measures.	1990	2095049
changes in food selection by workers of the pharaoh's ant, monomorium pharaonis.	the results from simple choice test experiments with laboratory and field colonies of pharaoh's ants have revealed two behavioural traits that influence the way in which foraging worker ants respond to foods. initially, worker ants from laboratory colonies showed a distinct preference for certain foods (e.g. honey and peanut butter). however, when given only these 'preferred' foods continuously for several weeks, workers showed a marked preference for other foods when offered a choice. this 'sat ...	1990	2132984
nephrotic syndrome associated with ant bite.	a 3-year-old child experienced edema of the face and extremities approximately 2 weeks after being stung on the legs, scrotum, and penis by "fire ants" (solenopsis invicta). after diagnosis of idiopathic minimal-change nephrotic syndrome and treatment with steroids, the edema rapidly disappeared. follow-up 3 years after his hospitalization showed no recurrence of nephrotic syndrome. we have correlated this case with previously published reports of the causal relationship of allergy to nephrotic ...	1990	2185577
the use of polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis for the high-resolution separation of reducing saccharides labelled with the fluorophore 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulphonic acid. detection of picomolar quantities by an imaging system based on a cooled charge-coupled device.	various monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and small polysaccharides were labelled covalently at their reducing end groups with the fluorophore 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulphonic acid (ants), and the resulting fluorescent derivatives were separated by high-resolution page. the electrophoretic mobilities of the labelled saccharides are related largely to the compounds' mr values, but they are also influenced by the individual chemical structures of the saccharides. various positional isomers an ...	1990	2241903
allergy to stinging and biting insects in queensland.	over an eight and a half year period 742 patients were assessed for allergy to stinging and biting insects in queensland; 452 (61%) had allergic reactions to honey bees, 244 (33%) to wasps, 30 (4%) to various ants, 11 (1.5%) to march flies (tabanus sp.) and five to tick infestation. one hundred and fifty one patients (20%) presented with large local swelling only (rxn1), 98 (13%) with urticaria and/or facial angioedema distant from the sting site (rxn2) and 492 (66%) with subjective or objective ...	1990	2246984
comparative ultrastructure of ant spermatozoa (formicidae: hymenoptera).	mature spermatozoa from spermathecae of founding queens were obtained from 5 species of ants, representing the major subfamilies myrmicinae (acromyrmex versicolor, crematogaster sp.) and dolichoderinae (tapinoma sessile, conomyrma insana, conomyrma wheeleri). the ultrastructure of ant spermatozoa has many features in common with that of higher insects and is similar to that of other hymenoptera. structural similarities to spermatozoa of other hymenoptera include an acrosome containing an interna ...	1990	2280410
fly pupae as attractant carriers for toxic baits for red imported fire ants (hymenoptera: formicidae).	eight laboratory-reared ant species were fed baits of house fly, musca domestica l., pupae treated with hydramethylnon. two fire ant species, solenopsis invicta buren and solenopsis geminata (f.), and pheidole morrissi (forel) were killed; average percentage of mortality of the five other species was less than 20%. in contrast, all species that were fed the commercial fire ant bait containing hydramethylnon (amdro) died or were adversely affected. in the field, applications of house fly pupae an ...	1990	2324379
ph-sensitive liposomes composed of phosphatidylethanolamine and fatty acid.	ph-induced destabilization, aggregation and fusion of liposomes composed of phosphatidylethanolamine (pe) and various fatty acid were studied. destabilization was examined as a fluorescent change caused by leakage of coencapsulated aminonaphthalene-3,6,8-trisulfonic acid (ants) and n,n-p-xylylenebispyridinium bromide (dpx). fusion was monitored by two different methods, that is, intermixing assay of internal aqueous contents of liposomes, and lipid dilution assay of liposomes labeled with fluore ...	1990	2347018
behavioral plasticity of myrmica rubra ants during learning in a multi-alternative symmetrical labyrinth.	the problem of behavioral plasticity in insects was studied with red ants, myrmica rubra, by altering a habit developed in a multi-alternative labyrinth with care for offspring as motivation. in altering the habit, location of reinforcement was changed: in the first series, the brood was transferred from the target areas to relatively symmetrical areas of the transverse axis of the labyrinth; in the second, reinforcement was left on one area that had not been preferred during learning of the tar ...	1990	2352615
allergens in hymenoptera venom. xxii. comparison of venoms from two species of imported fire ants, solenopsis invicta and richteri.	venoms were collected by electrical stimulation from the two major species of imported fire ants found in the united states, solenopsis invicta (sol i) and s. richteri (sol r). antigens similar to three of the four known sol i venom proteins (i, ii, iii, and iv) were isolated from sol r. the n-terminal amino acid sequences for the antigens iii were identical; but those for the antigens ii demonstrated only nine of 20 residues to be identical. two monoclonal antibodies raised against sol i ii did ...	1990	2355158
underrecognition of morbidity from stings of the red imported fire ant in the southeastern united states.	this cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the health-seeking behaviors of a group of patients stung by red imported fire ants (rifa) and the number of nursing referrals resulting in treatment. the following two research questions were asked: (1) is there a delay in seeking the care of a board-certified allergist for symptoms of fire ant hypersensitivity? (2) are nurses referring patients for treatment? the entire population of board-certified allergists in alabama, georgia, and south ...	1990	2367290
ants: potential mechanical vectors of hospital infections in trinidad.		1990	2389326
ecological toxicology and human health effects of heptachlor.	the chlorinated cyclodiene heptachlor was registered in 1952 as an agricultural and domestic insecticide. by early 1984, registration for all purposes, except subterranean termite control and for limited use in the control of fire ants, had been cancelled. this restriction of use arose primarily from concerns over the environmental persistance and bioaccumulation potential of the organochlorine pesticides. currently, sale of heptachlor has been voluntarily suspended over questions about its carc ...	1990	2403688
near death of a woman stung by red imported fire ants: management of anaphylaxis.	patients with allergic reactions to rifa should be instructed in avoidance of rifa and in the administration of epinephrine, given emergency identification information, and referred to an allergist for definitive diagnosis and for desensitization as indicated. rifa are a growing menace in this country; as their habitat steadily extends north and west, no doubt a growing number of people will be affected by them. their sting can be acutely life threatening and, as in this one case example, a seve ...	1991	1656126
predation of free-living engorged female rhipicephalus appendiculatus.	in experiments done over a period of 1 1/2 years using engorged female rhipicephalus appendiculatus tethered in a grass plot, 42% predation was observed in long grass (40-60 cm), and 36% in short grass (6-10 cm). deaths due to environmental factors were 4.8% and 6.8% in long and short grass, respectively. six groups of animals were confirmed to be predators of the ticks, namely: ants, spiders, rodents, birds, lizards and shrews. the implications of these results in making tick population models, ...	1991	1773676
mutability of constitutive heterochromatin (c-bands) during eukaryotic chromosomal evolution and their cytological meaning.	a quantitative analysis of the alterations of constitutive heterochromatin in eukaryotic chromosomal evolution was attempted using the accumulated c-banding data available for mammals, amphibians, fish, ants, grasshoppers, and plants. it was found that these eukaryotes could be classified into two types by their c-banding patterns: 1) type i included mammals, fish, and ants, and 2) type ii included amphibians, grasshoppers, and plants. c-bands were rather scarce in type i eukaryote chromosomes a ...	1991	1777253
factors influencing the metacercarial intensity in ants and the size of dicrocoelium dendriticum metacercarial cysts.	during the 1990 grazing season, ants found attached to plants were collected from sheep pastures at monthly intervals and examined for dicrocoelium metacercariae. the species formica pratensis and f. rufibarbis showed average metacercarial intensities of 76 and 38 respectively. in addition to the ant species, the intensity of infection was found to be dependent on the length of the ant. the volume of metacercarial cysts was influenced by the intensity per ant relative to ant length but not by th ...	1991	1795087
some simple techniques helpful in ant research.	eight simple techniques which may be helpful in ant research are presented. they facilitate: (1) collecting ground-nesting ants; (2) prompting ants to go out of their nest chambers; (3) introducing ants into a test tube; (4) recapturing ants during their mass escape in the laboratory; (5) keeping tidy foraging areas of artificial ant nests; (6) keeping high level of air humidity in foraging areas of artificial ant nests; (7) providing ants with water of improved quality; (8) cleaning artificial ...	1991	1821521
inhibition of sendai virus fusion with phospholipid vesicles and human erythrocyte membranes by hydrophobic peptides.	hydrophobic di- and tripeptides which are capable of inhibiting enveloped virus infection of cells are also capable of inhibiting at least three different types of membrane fusion events. large unilamellar vesicles (luv) of n-methyl dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (n-methyl dope), containing encapsulated 1-aminonaphthalene-3,6,8-trisulfonic acid (ants) and/or p-xylene bis(pyridinium bromide) (dpx), were formed by extrusion. vesicle fusion (contents mixing) and leakage were then monitored with t ...	1991	1850923