Publications

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accuracy of hrp2 rdt (malaria antigen p.f®) compared to microscopy and pcr for malaria diagnosis in senegal.rapid diagnosis tests (rdts) allow for the confirmation of malaria diagnosis. in senegal, rdts detecting hrp2 have been adopted in 2008 for malaria diagnosis. however, the sustainability of this strategy requires adequate and regular quality control. pcr on dna extracted in nitrocellulose band of rdts enable quality control. a rdt (malaria antigen p.f®) and a thick smear were performed on patients with suspected malaria. dna was extracted from the nitrocellulose band of rdts to which a non-speci ...201323916337
use of qpcr and genomic sequencing to diagnose plasmodium ovale wallikeri malaria in a returned soldier in the setting of a negative rapid diagnostic assay.plasmodium ovale is one of several clinically relevant malaria species known to cause disease in humans. however, in contrast to plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax, which are responsible for most cases of human malaria, p. ovale has a wide distribution but low prevalence in tropical regions. here, we report the case of a soldier returning from liberia with p. ovale wallikeri malaria. this case highlights the limitations of both microscopy and the malaria rapid diagnostic test for diagnos ...201323836567
an observational study of malaria in british travellers: plasmodium ovale wallikeri and plasmodium ovale curtisi differ significantly in the duration of latency.ovale malaria is caused by two closely related species of protozoan parasite: plasmodium ovale curtisi and plasmodium ovale wallikeri although clearly distinct genetically, there have been no studies comparing the morphology, life cycle or epidemiology of these parasites. we tested the hypothesis that the two species differ in the duration of latency prior to presentation with symptoms of blood-stage infection.201323793668
a case of plasmodium ovale malaria imported from west africa.malaria is a parasitic infection caused by plasmodium species. most of the imported malaria in korea are due to plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum, and plasmodium ovale infections are very rare. here, we report a case of a 24-year-old american woman who acquired p. ovale while staying in ghana, west africa for 5 months in 2010. the patient was diagnosed with p. ovale malaria based on a wright-giemsa stained peripheral blood smear, plasmodium genus-specific real-time pcr, plasmodium speci ...201323710090
routine parallel diagnosis of malaria using microscopy and the malaria rapid diagnostic test sd 05fk60: the experience of médecins sans frontières in myanmar.malaria rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) are commonly used in médecins sans frontières (msf) programmes to detect acute malaria infection. programmes in regions with both plasmodium falciparum and non-falciparum malaria (i.e. plasmodium ovale, plasmodium malariae and plasmodium vivax) use a three-band p. falciparum/pan test such as the sd bioline malaria ag p.f/pan 05fk60 (standard diagnostics, kyonggi, republic of korea), hereafter referred to as sd 05fk60, as used by the msf-holland clinics in ra ...201323692957
[the acute respiratory distress syndrome in malaria: is it always the prerogative of plasmodium falciparum?].severe malaria causes nearly one million deaths annually in endemic areas and is a public health priority worldwide. severity associated with the occurrence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) is a well-known complication of infection with plasmodium falciparum and can reach 25% of infected adults. however, ards is less often described with other plasmodium species. we report the case of a young moroccan soldier who died in an array of ards related to malaria of plasmodium ovale 7 mont ...201323688721
plasmodium falciparum-like parasites infecting wild apes in southern cameroon do not represent a recurrent source of human malaria.wild-living chimpanzees and gorillas harbor a multitude of plasmodium species, including six of the subgenus laverania, one of which served as the progenitor of plasmodium falciparum. despite the magnitude of this reservoir, it is unknown whether apes represent a source of human infections. here, we used plasmodium species-specific pcr, single-genome amplification, and 454 sequencing to screen humans from remote areas of southern cameroon for ape laverania infections. among 1,402 blood samples, ...201323569255
malaria attacks due to p. vivax or p. ovale in two french military teaching hospitals (2000 to 2009).non-falciparum malaria is less studied than plasmodium falciparum malaria, both in endemic and non-endemic zones.201323561033
misclassification of plasmodium infections by conventional microscopy and the impact of remedial training on the proficiency of laboratory technicians in species identification.malaria diagnosis is largely dependent on the demonstration of parasites in stained blood films by conventional microscopy. accurate identification of the infecting plasmodium species relies on detailed examination of parasite morphological characteristics, such as size, shape, pigment granules, besides the size and shape of the parasitized red blood cells and presence of cell inclusions. this work explores misclassifications of four plasmodium species by conventional microscopy relative to the ...201323537145
low level of sequence diversity at merozoite surface protein-1 locus of plasmodium ovale curtisi and p. ovale wallikeri from thai isolates.the merozoite surface protein-1 (msp-1) is a candidate target for the development of blood stage vaccines against malaria. polymorphism in msp-1 can be useful as a genetic marker for strain differentiation in malarial parasites. although sequence diversity in the msp-1 locus has been extensively analyzed in field isolates of plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax, the extent of variation in its homologues in p. ovale curtisi and p. ovale wallikeri, remains unknown.201323536840
malaria rapid diagnostic tests in endemic settings.malaria rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) are instrument-free tests that provide results within 20 min and can be used by community health workers. rdts detect antigens produced by the plasmodium parasite such as plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein-2 (pfhpr2) and plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pldh). the accuracy of rdts for the diagnosis of uncomplicated p. falciparum infection is equal or superior to routine microscopy (but inferior to expert microscopy). sensitivity for plasmodium viv ...201323438048
malaria rapid diagnostic tests in travel medicine.malaria is a serious condition in the non-immune traveller, and prognosis depends on timely diagnosis. although microscopy remains the cornerstone of diagnosis, malaria rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) are increasingly used in non-endemic settings. they are easy to use, provide results rapidly and require no specific training and equipment. reported sensitivities vary between different rdt products but are generally good for plasmodium falciparum, with rdts detecting the p. falciparum antigen histi ...201323373854
a novel, single-amplification pcr targeting mitochondrial genome highly sensitive and specific in diagnosing malaria among returned travellers in bergen, norway.nested pcr is a commonly used technique in diagnosis of malaria owing to its high sensitivity and specificity. however, it is time-consuming, open to considerable risk of contamination and has low cost-efficiency. using amplification targets presented in multiple copies, such as rrna 18s, or mitochondrial targets with an even higher copy number, might increase sensitivity.201323336125
self-diagnosis of malaria by travelers and expatriates: assessment of malaria rapid diagnostic tests available on the internet.in the past malaria rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) for self-diagnosis by travelers were considered suboptimal due to poor performance. nowadays rdts for self-diagnosis are marketed and available through the internet. the present study assessed rdt products marketed for self-diagnosis for diagnostic accuracy and quality of labeling, content and instructions for use (ifu).201323301027
discordance in drug resistance-associated mutation patterns in marker genes of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium knowlesi during coinfections.human plasmodium knowlesi infections have been reported from several south-east asian countries, excluding india, but its drug susceptibility profile in mixed-infection cases remains unknown.201323292346
a case of plasmodium ovale wallikeri infection in a chinese worker returning from west africa.in contrast to the gradual reduction in the number of locally transmitted malaria cases in china, the number of imported malaria cases has been increasing since 2008. here, we report a case of a 39-year-old chinese man who acquired plasmodium ovale wallikeri infection while staying in ghana, west africa for 6 months in 2012. microscopic examinations of giemsa-stained thin and thick blood smears indicated plasmodium vivax infection. however, the results of rapid diagnostic tests, which were condu ...201324327782
[laboratory testing for a case of imported plasmodium ovale infection in zhejiang province].blood sample obtained from a patient, which returned from equatorial guinea, with clinical diagnosis of plasmodium infection was confirmed as imported p. ovale infection by etiology and molecular biological methods. 50 microl blood was obtained before taking anti-malarial drugs to make thin and thick blood smears, giemsa stained, and observed by microscopy. genomic dna was extracted from the blood sample, and detected for dna fragment of p. ovale, p. vivax, p. falciparum or p. malariae by real-t ...201324812847
[diagnosis and analysis of the first imported ovale malaria case in wenzhou city].the first imported case of plasmodium ovale infection in wenzhou city was confirmed by microscopy and pcr test. the patient returned from the people's republic of congo to wenzhou for three and a half months presented a history of fever with chills and rigors on april 30, 2012. the results from peripheral blood smear examination and pcr analysis confirmed a diagnosis of p. ovale infection. the patient was treated with chloroquine plus primaquine for eight days and the symptoms improved.201324818395
[species identification in 5 imported cases previously diagnosed as vivax malaria by parasitological and nested pcr techniques].to identify the species of malaria parasites in 5 imported cases previously diagnosed as vivax malaria.201324812863
[laboratory detection on two cases with imported plasmodium ovale infection].to compare the laboratory tests of the imported plasmodium ovale infection and analyse the genetic character.201324809194
warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia secondary to plasmodium ovale infection: a case report and review of the literature.a three year old male from the democratic republic of the congo was admitted to monroe carell jr. children's hospital at vanderbilt with a 10-day history of fever, emesis, and diarrhea. examination demonstrated scleral icterus, splenomegaly, and anemia. by peripheral blood smear, the patient was diagnosed with plasmodium ovale. immunohematology demonstrated a positive direct antiglobulin test (dat) for igg and c3d with pan-agglutination on eluate. these findings, in combination with hemolytic la ...201324148713
genetic marker suitable for identification and genotyping of plasmodium ovale curtisi and plasmodium ovale wallikeri.we present a seminested pcr method that specifically discriminates between plasmodium ovale curtisi and p. ovale wallikeri with high sensitivity. the test is based on species-specific amplification of a size-polymorphic fragment of the tryptophan-rich antigen gene, potra, which also permits discrimination of intraspecific sequence variants at this locus.201324068009
toxicological study of the primaquine phosphate loaded chitosan nanoparticles in mice.primaquine (pq) shows activity against the late hepatic stages and latent tissue forms of plasmodium vivax and plasmodium ovale. however, liver targeted pq delivery may be useful to minimize the dose-limiting blood toxicities and side-effects of pq. the prime objective of this study was the preparation of pq loaded chitosan nanoparticles (pq-cs-nps) in order to enhance drug tolerance and to reduce dose frequency. the morphological analysis of the chitosan nps displayed particle size in the range ...201323973494
[a case of plasmodium ovale malaria--morphological diagnostic difficulty and utility of rapid diagnostic tests].a 46-year-old japanese man was referred to our travel clinic because of high fever for the past 7 days. he worked as an engineer for a month in zambia and returned to japan 2 days ago. he had a high-grade fever of 40.5 degrees c. examination of the palpebral conjunctiva showed no evidence of anemia. liver and spleen were not palpable. blood sample was collected at the time of the febrile paroxysm. malaria parasites were detected by examination of giemsa-stained thin blood films. the dominant fea ...201323672079
is a plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pldh) enzyme-linked immunosorbent (elisa)-based assay a valid tool for detecting risky malaria blood donations in africa?malaria is a leading cause of mortality in southern benin. the main causative agent, plasmodium falciparum, poses a threat on critical transfusions in pregnant women and children. this study's objective was to compare the performance of different malaria screening methods in blood donors in southern benin, a malaria-endemic country.201323927596
plasmodium species occurrence, temporal distribution and interaction in a child-aged population in rural burkina faso.malaria can be caused by five plasmodium species. due to their higher prevalence, much of the research concentrates on plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax. in burkina faso, where p. falciparum co-exists with plasmodium malariae and plasmodium ovale, there is not much data about the prevalence of the latter two species across human population. moreover, interactions between co-infecting plasmodium species are not documented. the aim of the current research is to determine species-specific ...201323421809
persistent detection of plasmodium falciparum, p. malariae, p. ovale curtisi and p. ovale wallikeri after act treatment of asymptomatic ghanaian school-children.two hundred and seventy four asymptomatic ghanaian school-children aged 5 to 17 years were screened for malaria parasites by examination of blood films. one hundred and fifty five microscopically-positive individuals were treated with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine and followed for 3 weeks. retrospective species-specific pcr of all 274 screened samples identified an additional 60 children with sub-patent parasitaemia, and a substantial proportion of co-infections with plasmodium malariae, plasmo ...201324533292
prevalence and distribution of human plasmodium infection in pakistan.both plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum are prevalent in pakistan, yet up-to-date data on the epidemiology of malaria in pakistan are not available. this study was undertaken to determine the current prevalence and distribution of plasmodium species across the country.201323984968
recent advances in detection of plasmodium ovale: implications of separation into the two species plasmodium ovale wallikeri and plasmodium ovale curtisi.recent molecular studies indicate that plasmodium ovale malaria is caused by two closely related species of protozoan parasites, thereby imposing new challenges for detection and species differentiation. this minireview explores the potential value of innovative methods for the molecular diagnosis of malaria with a strong emphasis on the discrimination and genotyping of p. ovale wallikeri and p. ovale curtisi as well as tools for the simultaneous detection of p. ovale sp. an update for the widel ...201324478466
acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute renal failure from plasmodium ovale infection with fatal outcome.plasmodium ovale is one of the causative agents of human malaria. plasmodium ovale infection has long been thought to be non-fatal. due to its lower morbidity, p. ovale receives little attention in malaria research.201324180319
the duration of plasmodium falciparum infections.plasmodium vivax and plasmodium ovale are often considered the malaria parasites best adapted to long-term survival in the human host because of their latent exo-erythrocytic forms. the prevailing opinion until the middle of the last century was that the maximum duration of plasmodium falciparum infections was less than two years. case reports and series investigating blood donors following accidental malaria infection of blood transfusion recipients and other sporadic malaria cases in non-endem ...201425515943
zoonotic malaria - global overview and research and policy needs.the four main plasmodium species that cause human malaria, plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium malariae, and plasmodium ovale, are transmitted between humans by mosquito vectors belonging to the genus anopheles. it has recently become evident that plasmodium knowlesi, a parasite that typically infects forest macaque monkeys, can be transmitted by anophelines to cause malaria in humans in southeast asia. plasmodium knowlesi infections are frequently misdiagnosed microscopically as ...201425184118
high proportion of knowlesi malaria in recent malaria cases in malaysia.plasmodium knowlesi is a simian parasite that has been recognized as the fifth species causing human malaria. naturally-acquired p. knowlesi infection is widespread among human populations in southeast asia. the aim of this epidemiological study was to determine the incidence and distribution of malaria parasites, with a particular focus on human p. knowlesi infection in malaysia.201424886266
molecular typing reveals substantial plasmodium vivax infection in asymptomatic adults in a rural area of cameroon.malaria in cameroon is due to infections by plasmodium falciparum and, to a lesser extent, plasmodium malariae and plasmodium ovale, but rarely plasmodium vivax. a recent report suggested "plasmodium vivax-like" infections around the study area that remained unconfirmed. therefore, molecular and antigenic typing was used to investigate the prevalence of p. vivax and duffy in asymptomatic adults resident in bolifamba.201424886496
persistence and activation of malaria hypnozoites in long-term primary hepatocyte cultures.malaria relapses, resulting from the activation of quiescent hepatic hypnozoites of plasmodium vivax and plasmodium ovale, hinder global efforts to control and eliminate malaria. as primaquine, the only drug capable of eliminating hypnozoites, is unsuitable for mass administration, an alternative drug is needed urgently. currently, analyses of hypnozoites, including screening of compounds that would eliminate them, can only be made using common macaque models, principally macaca rhesus and macac ...201424509527
primaquine for radical cure of plasmodium vivax and plasmodium ovale malaria: an observational survey (2008-2010).since 2008, the french guidelines have promoted the systematic use of 30 mg/day of primaquine for the radical cure of plasmodium vivax and plamodium ovale infections. we observed three relapses in 10 patients with p vivax acquired in french guiana. no relapses were seen in west african p ovale patients.201423464724
plasmodium ovale malaria in brazil: report of an imported case with a prolonged incubation period.we report the first case of imported plasmodium ovale in brazil, confirmed using both conventional microscopy and pcr-based protocols. the patient was a 36-year-old brazilian male who had been working as a miner in cabinda province, angola. based on his travel history, the parasite was dormant for at least two years. the relatively long period of incubation of p. ovale may obscure the link between exposure and disease. the recent increase in the number of people travelling to regions where p. ov ...201424727525
pharmacokinetic interactions between primaquine and chloroquine.chloroquine combined with primaquine has been the standard radical curative regimen for plasmodium vivax and plasmodium ovale malaria for over half a century. in an open-label crossover pharmacokinetic study, 16 healthy volunteers (4 males and 12 females) aged 20 to 47 years were randomized into two groups of three sequential hospital admissions to receive a single oral dose of 30 mg (base) primaquine, 600 mg (base) chloroquine, and the two drugs together. the coadministration of the two drugs d ...201424687509
comparison of imported plasmodium ovale curtisi and p. ovale wallikeri infections among patients in spain, 2005-2011.sequencing data from plasmodium ovale genotypes co-circulating in multiple countries support the hypothesis that p. ovale curtisi and p. ovale wallikeri are 2 separate species. we conducted a multicenter, retrospective, comparative study in spain of 21 patients who had imported p. ovale curtisi infections and 14 who had imported p. ovale wallikeri infections confirmed by pcr and gene sequencing during june 2005-december 2011. the only significant finding was more severe thrombocytopenia among pa ...201424572501
emergence of plasmodium ovale malaria among the french armed forces in the republic of ivory coast: 20 years of clinical and biological experience.french military surveillance identified an increase in plasmodium ovale attacks among soldiers in ivory coast. this emergence and the low sensitivity of biological tests raise the question of a possible role of p. ovale variant species.201424429426
[iditification of five imported cases of plasmodium ovale wallikeri infection in zhejiang province].to identify and analyze plasmodium ovale wallikeri in 5 imported malaria cases, who were detected positive by microscopy and negative by conventional pcr.201425726600
performance of rapid diagnostic tests for plasmodium ovale malaria in japanese travellers.rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) are used widely in the diagnosis of malaria. although the effectiveness of rdts for malaria has been described in many previous studies, the low performance of rdt particularly for plasmodium ovale malaria in traveller has rarely been reported.201425473374
[diagnosis of the first imported case of plasmodium ovale infection at guangdong port].the first imported case of plasmodium ovale infection in guangdong province was identified. the patient worked in myanmar for one week and had a fever when he arrived at guangzhou baiyun international airport. epidemiological information and blood sample were collected. the detection was conducted by microscopy, right view rapid malaria test (rdts) and real-time pcr with plasmodium genus-specific and species-specific primers and probes. the case showed weak positive rdt result, and was confirmed ...201425065219
new type of ssurdna sequence was detected from both plasmodium ovale curtisi and plasmodium ovale wallikeri samples.plasmodium ovale is relatively unfamiliar to chinese staff engaged in malaria diagnosis. in 2013, dried blood spots of four unidentified but suspected ovale malaria samples were sent to the national malaria reference laboratory (nmrl) for reconfirmation.201424893846
[overviews on plasmodium ovale wallikeri and its genetic detection system].in recent years, some microscopy-positive but nest-pcr negative (based on small subunit ribosomal rna gene) ovale malaria cases were reported. the detection failure was due to the genetic variations between plasomdoium ovale wallikeri and p. ovale curtisi. this paper reviews the discovery and validation processes of p. ovale wallikeri and the detection systems for identification of p. ovale.201424822370
a morphology-based method for the diagnosis of red blood cells parasitized by plasmodium malariae and plasmodium ovale.the morphology of red blood cells (rbcs) is altered significantly during the maturation stages of malaria parasites, which include ring, trophozoite, and schizont. there is dissimilarity in terms of the morphological characteristics of parasitized rbcs infected by the 4 species of plasmodium, including falciparum, vivax, malariae, and ovale. this makes the process of diagnosis very difficult, which may lead to a wrong treatment method and substantial damage to the health of the patient. an innov ...201424568595
a 20-year longitudinal study of plasmodium ovale and plasmodium malariae prevalence and morbidity in a west african population.plasmodium ovale and plasmodium malariae have long been reported to be widely distributed in tropical africa and in other major malaria-endemic areas of the world. however, little is known about the burden caused by these two malaria species.201424520325
sequence-based optimization of a quantitative real-time pcr assay for detection of plasmodium ovale and plasmodium malariae.although microscopic examination of giemsa-stained blood smears remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of malaria, molecular detection using pcr is becoming increasingly popular. due to discrepant pcr and microscopy results, we aimed to optimize our detection assays for plasmodium malariae and plasmodium ovale by sequencing the 18s rrna region and developing a new primer and probe set for real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr). clinical specimens positive for p. malariae (n = 15) or p. ovale (n ...201424430459
two cases of late plasmodium ovale presentation in military personnel.only a few late cases of plasmodium ovale presentation have been reported in literature. we describe two cases of late p. ovale presentation occurring in two french military personnel, 47 and 69 months, respectively, after a stay in côte d'ivoire and in the absence of new intercurrent malaria exposure.201424205853
the rise and fall of malaria in a west african rural community, dielmo, senegal, from 1990 to 2012: a 22 year longitudinal study.a better understanding of the effect of malaria control interventions on vector and parasite populations, acquired immunity, and burden of the disease is needed to guide strategies to eliminate malaria from highly endemic areas. we monitored and analysed the changes in malaria epidemiology in a village community in senegal, west africa, over 22 years.201424813159
performance of a new gelled nested pcr test for the diagnosis of imported malaria: comparison with microscopy, rapid diagnostic test, and real-time pcr.microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) are the techniques commonly used for malaria diagnosis but they are usually insensitive at very low levels of parasitemia. nested pcr is commonly used as a reference technique in the diagnosis of malaria due to its high sensitivity and specificity. however, it is a cumbersome assay only available in reference centers. we evaluated a new nested pcr-based assay, biomalar kit (biotools b&m labs, madrid, spain) which employs ready-to-use gelled reagents a ...201424770719
evidence for significant influence of host immunity on changes in differential blood count during malaria.malaria has been shown to change blood counts. recently, a few studies have investigated the alteration of the peripheral blood monocyte-to-lymphocyte count ratio (mlcr) and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte count ratio (nlcr) during infection with plasmodium falciparum. based on these findings this study investigates the predictive values of blood count alterations during malaria across different sub-populations.201424758172
plasmodium ovale: a case of not-so-benign tertian malaria.severe malaria is most commonly associated with plasmodium falciparum. plasmodium vivax is increasingly recognized as being capable of causing severe disease. in contrast, plasmodium ovale is considered as a cause of benign disease and evidence supporting the occurrence of severe or complicated ovale infection is rare. this report describes a case of severe p. ovale infection in a patient presenting with jaundice, respiratory distress, severe thrombocytopenia, petechiae, and hypotension. he had ...201424612535
mixed-species plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium ovale malaria in a paediatric returned traveller.malaria is a common and potentially fatal cause of febrile illness in returned travellers. endemic areas for different malaria parasites overlap, but mixed species infections are rare. an adolescent male returned from a trip to ghana in late summer 2013. he subsequently presented with blood smears positive for two species of malaria parasite, plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium ovale, on two isolated hospital visits within a six-week period. the epidemiology of mixed infections, likely pathophy ...201424593188
high prevalence of asymptomatic malaria in south-eastern bangladesh.the who has reported that rdt and microscopy-confirmed malaria cases have declined in recent years. however, it is still unclear if this reflects a real decrease in incidence in bangladesh, as particularly the hilly and forested areas of the chittagong hill tract (cht) districts report more than 80% of all cases and deaths. surveillance and epidemiological data on malaria from the cht are limited; existing data report plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax as the dominant species.201424406220
efficacy and safety of artemisinin combination therapy (act) for non-falciparum malaria: a systematic review.artemisinin combination therapy (act) is recommended as first-line treatment for uncomplicated plasmodium falciparum malaria, whereas chloroquine is still commonly used for the treatment of non-falciparum species (plasmodium vivax, plasmodium ovale and plasmodium malariae). a more simplified, more uniform treatment approach across all malaria species is worthwhile to be considered both in endemic areas and for malaria as an imported condition alike.201425428624
[large trophozoites in blood smear of falciparum malaria: one case report].this paper reports one case of atypical falciparum malaria imported from africa, whose blood smear contains many large trophozoites, with punctiform or massive brown pigment granules, the body shape of the plasmodium is similar to that of plasmodium vivax and plasmodium ovale. after the gene detection by pcr, the case was diagnosed as falciparum malaria. as large trophozoites were rarely seen in the peripheral blood of non-severe falciparum malaria cases, much attention should be paid to the ide ...201425345178
detection of mixed infection level of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax by sybr green i-based real-time pcr in north gondar, north-west ethiopia.malaria is caused by five plasmodium species and transmitted by anopheline mosquitoes. it occurs in single and mixed infections. mixed infection easily leads to misdiagnosis. accurate detection of malaria species is vital. therefore, the study was conducted to determine the level of mixed infection and misdiagnosis of malaria species in the study area using sybr green i-based real time pcr.201425326079
severe morbidity and mortality risk from malaria in the united states, 1985-2011.recent reports of plasmodium vivax associated with severe syndromes and mortality from malaria endemic areas questions the "benign" course of non-falciparum malarias.201425734104
malaria-induced splenic infarction.splenic infarction is a rare complication of malaria. we report two recent cases of splenic infarction after plasmodium vivax infection. no systematic review of malaria-induced splenic infarction was available, therefore we conducted a systematic review of the english, french, and spanish literature in pubmed and koreamed for reports of malaria-associated splenic infarction from 1960 to 2012. of the 40 cases collected on splenic infarction by plasmodium species, 23 involved p. vivax, 11 plasmodi ...201425294615
immunochromatographic antigen testing alone is sufficient to identify asymptomatic refugees at risk of severe malaria presenting to a single health service in victoria.current screening guidelines for malaria in new refugees include a combination of thick and thin film examination and immunochromatographic antigen test (ict). however, as the prevalence of malaria in our population has decreased due to changing refugee demographics, we sought to determine if an ict alone can reliably exclude malaria in our asymptomatic refugee population.a retrospective analysis was conducted of all investigations for malaria performed from 1 august 2011 to 31 july 2013, includ ...201425158813
malaria: an update on current chemotherapy.chemotherapy of malaria has become a rapidly changing field. less than two decades ago, treatment regimens were increasingly bound to fail due to emerging drug resistance against 4-aminoquinolines and sulfa compounds. by now, artemisinin-based combination therapies (acts) constitute the standard of care for uncomplicated falciparum malaria and are increasingly also taken into consideration for the treatment of non-falciparum malaria.201425110058
a molecular survey of febrile cases in malaria-endemic areas along china-myanmar border in yunnan province, people's republic of china.imported malaria is a major threat to neighboring malaria-eliminating countries such as p.r. china and is difficult to monitor. a molecular survey of febrile patients with a history of traveling abroad along the myanmar-china endemic border areas from january 2008 to august 2012 was carried out. the rates of infection with species of plasmodium and compliance of microscopy diagnosis with nested pcr (polymerase chain reaction) results were calculated.201424954235
the ears of the african elephant: unexpected high seroprevalence of plasmodium ovale and plasmodium malariae in healthy populations in western africa.malaria is a life-threatening pathology in africa. plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax attract the most focus because of their high prevalence and mortality. knowledge about the prevalence of the cryptic pathogens plasmodium ovale and plasmodium malariae is limited. thanks to recombinant tools, their seroprevalence was measured for the first time, as well as the prevalence of mixed infections in a malaria-asymptomatic population in benin, a malaria-endemic country.201424946685
toward malaria eradication in saudi arabia: evidence from 4-year surveillance in makkah.saudi arabia has implemented strategies for the eradication of malaria. however, influx of people from countries endemic for malaria for either employment or hajj makes the country highly susceptible to malaria importation. the makkah region is known to host millions of immigrants yearly and has a surveillance system to monitor the incidence of malaria. the objective of this study was to examine malaria patients, nationality, and parasite type in makkah region between 2008 and 2011.201424894785
comparison of giemsa microscopy with nested pcr for the diagnosis of malaria in north gondar, north-west ethiopia.malaria remains one of the leading communicable diseases in ethiopia. early diagnosis combined with prompt treatment is one of the main strategies for malaria prevention and control. despite its limitation, giemsa microscopy is still considered to be the gold standard for malaria diagnosis. this study aimed to compare the performance of giemsa microscopy with nested polymerase chain reaction (npcr) for the diagnosis of malaria in north-west ethiopia.201424884606
detection of persistent plasmodium spp. infections in ugandan children after artemether-lumefantrine treatment.during a longitudinal study investigating the dynamics of malaria in ugandan lakeshore communities, a consistently high malaria prevalence was observed in young children despite regular treatment. to explore the short-term performance of artemether-lumefantrine (al), a pilot investigation into parasite carriage after treatment(s) was conducted in bukoba village. a total of 163 children (aged 2-7 years) with a positive blood film and rapid antigen test were treated with al; only 8.7% of these had ...201424837880
molecular investigation of mixed malaria infections in southwest saudi arabia.to investigate the incidence of mixed-species (ms) malaria infection, and compare the results with microscopically confirmed cases of malaria.201525719595
sympatric distribution of plasmodium ovale curtisi and p. ovale wallikeri in india: implication for the diagnosis of malaria and its control.we report the first evidence of sympatric distribution of plasmodium ovale curtisi and p. ovale wallikeri from india.201525716936
complicated malaria: a rare presentation of plasmodium ovale.malaria has emerged as a major public health problem worldwide. complications are commonly seen in plasmodium falciparum (p. falciparum) and plasmodium vivax (p. vivax) infection, but due to plasmodium ovale (p. ovale) infection is rarely described in literature. here we report a case of severe disease due to p. ovale infection complicated with jaundice, thrombocytopenia, hypotension and acute renal failure.201525672340
molecular detection of human plasmodium species in sabah using plasmonex™ multiplex pcr and hydrolysis probes real-time pcr.malaria is a vector borne-parasitic disease transmitted through the bite of the infective female anopheles mosquitoes. five plasmodium species have been recognized by world health organization (who) as the causative agents of human malaria. generally, microscopic examination is the gold standard for routine malaria diagnosis. however, molecular pcr assays in many cases have shown improvement on the sensitivity and specificity over microscopic or other immunochromatographic assays.201525651852
mass screening and treatment on the basis of results of a plasmodium falciparum-specific rapid diagnostic test did not reduce malaria incidence in zanzibar.seasonal increases in malaria continue in hot spots in zanzibar. mass screening and treatment (msat) may help reduce the reservoir of infection; however, it is unclear whether rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) detect a sufficient proportion of low-density infections to influence subsequent transmission.201525429102
quality of malaria diagnosis and molecular confirmation of plasmodium ovale curtisi in a rural area of the southeastern region of ethiopia.approximately 50 million people (60 %) live in malaria risk areas in ethiopia, at altitudes below 2000 m. according to official data, 60-70 % of malaria cases are due to plasmodium falciparum, and 40-30 % by plasmodium vivax. the species plasmodium ovale was detected in 2013 in the northwest of the country, being the first report of the presence of this species in ethiopia since the 60 s. the aim of this study was to assess the diagnosis by microscopy and pcr, and demonstrate the presence of oth ...201526383920
a molecular survey of acute febrile illnesses reveals plasmodium vivax infections in kedougou, southeastern senegal.control efforts towards malaria due to plasmodium falciparum significantly decreased the incidence of the disease in many endemic countries including senegal. surprisingly, in kedougou (southeastern senegal) p. falciparum malaria remains highly prevalent and the relative contribution of other plasmodium species to the global malaria burden is very poorly documented, partly due to the low sensitivity of routine diagnostic tools. molecular methods offer better estimate of circulating plasmodium sp ...201526186936
detection of human malaria using recombinant plasmodium knowlesi merozoire surface protein-1 (msp-1₁₉) expressed in escherichia coli.malaria remains one of the world's most important infectious diseases and is responsible for enormous mortality and morbidity. human infection with plasmodium knowlesi is widely distributed in southeast asia. merozoite surface protein-1₁₉ (msp-1₁₉), which plays an important role in protective immunity against asexual blood stage malaria parasites, appears as a leading immunogenic antigen of plasmodium sp. we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of recombinant p. knowlesi msp-1₁₉ (rmsp-1₁₉) ...201525812552
ecology of malaria infections in western lowland gorillas inhabiting dzanga sangha protected areas, central african republic.african great apes are susceptible to infections with several species of plasmodium, including the predecessor of plasmodium falciparum. little is known about the ecology of these pathogens in gorillas. a total of 131 gorilla fecal samples were collected from dzanga-sangha protected areas to study the diversity and prevalence of plasmodium species. the effects of sex and age as factors influencing levels of infection with plasmodium in habituated gorilla groups were assessed. ninety-five human b ...201525736484
detection of intracellular parasites by use of the cellavision dm96 analyzer during routine screening of peripheral blood smears.conventional microscopy is the gold standard for malaria diagnosis. the cellavision dm96 is a digital hematology analyzer that utilizes neural networks to locate, digitize, and preclassify leukocytes and characterize red blood cell morphology. this study compared the detection rates of plasmodium and babesia species on peripheral blood smears utilizing the cellavision dm96 with the rates for a routine red blood cell morphology scan. a total of 281 slides were analyzed, consisting of 130 slides p ...201525378575
late relapse of imported plasmodium ovale malaria: a case report.we report the first case of an imported plasmodium ovale relapse in a tunisian man who developed malaria three years after leaving sub- saharan africa. a 29-year-old tunisian man consulted in september 2011 because of a fever, myalgia, and headache that had begun eight days earlier and persisted despite treatment with oral antibiotics. on questioning, the patient stated that he had resided three years ago for six months in ivory coast, where he acquired malaria. he was treated with artemether-lu ...201526644094
strategies for understanding and reducing the plasmodium vivax and plasmodium ovale hypnozoite reservoir in papua new guinean children: a randomised placebo-controlled trial and mathematical model.the undetectable hypnozoite reservoir for relapsing plasmodium vivax and p. ovale malarias presents a major challenge for malaria control and elimination in endemic countries. this study aims to directly determine the contribution of relapses to the burden of p. vivax and p. ovale infection, illness, and transmission in papua new guinean children.201526505753
[13-year old girl with fever 6 months after returning from sub-saharan africa].a 13-year-old girl presented with regular fevers, 6 months after a prolonged trip through africa. the patient reported relapsing fevers at 48 hour intervals. each febrile episode was followed by pronounced fatigue and a subsequent recovery back to her usual state of health. she reported having taken weekly mefloquine during and after the trip to africa.201526488102
fever in the returning traveller: the importance of sensitivity.we report the case of a 28-year-old man, presenting with episodes of fever and rigours, having recently returned from cameroon and uganda. initial investigations for malaria were negative, and the patient was sent home without a clear diagnosis. subsequent review of the blood film revealed the presence of plasmodium ovale. this case highlights the importance of repeated and careful inspection of blood films, given the relatively low sensitivity of rapid diagnostic tests in p. ovale infection. it ...201526464405
lord byron's death: a case of late malarial relapse?the study examines the pathological circumstances related to byron's death, the primary issue being malaria. lord byron died during the greek war of independence against the ottoman empire, in messolonghi on 19 april 1824. byron's medical profile consists of recurrent onsets of fever, which gave rise to the issue of malaria relapses. according to byron's letters he reported crises of fever in greece (1810), malta (1811), italy (1817-1819) and england. evidence from byron's autopsy, specifically ...201526397304
[diagnosis of an imported case of plasmodium ovale infection in nanping city, fujian].an imported case previously misdiagnosed as vivax malaria was reviewed. the epidemiological data and blood sample were collected. the detection was conducted by microscopy, rapid diagnostic test (rdt) and nested pcr. the case was finally comfirmed as the first imported case of plasmodium ovale infection in nanping.201526080533
[application of nested pcr in the diagnosis of imported plasmodium ovale infection].to identity plasmodium ovale infection by 18s rrna gene nested pcr.201526080528
dimorphism in genes encoding sexual-stage proteins of plasmodium ovale curtisi and plasmodium ovale wallikeri.plasmodium ovale curtisi and plasmodium ovale wallikeri are distinct species of malaria parasite which are sympatric throughout the tropics, except for the americas. despite this complete overlap in geographic range, these two species do not recombine. although morphologically very similar, the two taxa must possess distinct characters which prevent recombination between them. we hypothesised that proteins required for sexual reproduction have sufficiently diverged between the two species to pre ...201525817462
do hypnozoites cause relapse in malaria?the concept that hypnozoites give rise to relapses in plasmodium vivax and plasmodium ovale malaria has become dogma. however, it is evident from particular contemporary research findings that hypnozoites are not necessarily the origin of all relapse-like recurrences of malaria caused by these parasites. this is the core opinion presented, and i discuss it fully. the hypnozoite theory of relapse needs to be re-evaluated in view of the recent, increased focus on p. vivax and liver stages of plasm ...201525816801
first imported plasmodium ovale malaria in central america: case report of a guatemalan soldier and a call to improve its accurate diagnosis.the mesoamerican ministers of health have set 2020 as the target for malaria elimination to be achieved in the region. imported malaria cases are a potential threat to countries attempting elimination or working to prevent resurgence. we report the first imported plasmodium ovale infection with molecular confirmation in central america, which occurred in a guatemalan soldier that had been deployed in africa. the obstacles for its diagnosis using the standard microscopy technique and the need to ...201525722882
establishing a china malaria diagnosis reference laboratory network for malaria elimination.in china, the prevalence of malaria has reduced dramatically due to the elimination programme. the continued success of the programme will depend upon the accurate diagnosis of the disease in the laboratory. the basic requirements for this are a reliable malaria diagnosis laboratory network and quality management system to support case verification and source tracking.201525628071
characterization of plasmodium ovale curtisi and p. ovale wallikeri in western kenya utilizing a novel species-specific real-time pcr assay.plasmodium ovale is comprised of two genetically distinct subspecies, p. ovale curtisi and p. ovale wallikeri. although p. ovale subspecies are similar based on morphology and geographical distribution, allelic differences indicate that p. ovale curtisi and p. ovale wallikeri are genetically divergent. additionally, potential clinical and latency duration differences between p. ovale curtisi and p. ovale wallikeri demonstrate the need for investigation into the contribution of this neglected mal ...201525590587
optimal primaquine use for radical cure of plasmodium vivax and plasmodium ovale malaria in japanese travelers--a retrospective analysis.recently, a dose of 30 mg (base) primaquine daily for 14 days is increasingly recommended for radical cure of plasmodium vivax malaria. however, total primaquine doses, or those per body weight, are also recognized as important. in japan, primaquine is not a licensed medicine, but has been used through the research group on chemotherapy of tropical diseases for >3 decades.201525482427
molecular characterization of misidentified plasmodium ovale imported cases in singapore.plasmodium ovale, considered the rarest of the malaria parasites of humans, consists of two morphologically identical but genetically distinct sympatric species, plasmodium ovale curtisi and plasmodium ovale wallikeri. these parasites resemble morphologically to plasmodium vivax with which they also share a tertian periodicity and the ability to cause relapses, making them easily misidentified as p. vivax. plasmodium ovale infections are rarely reported, but given the likelihood of misidentifica ...201526577930
malaria case in madagascar, probable implication of a new vector, anopheles coustani.indoor spraying of insecticides and the use of insecticide-treated bed nets are key strategies for national malaria vector control in the central highlands of madagascar. during the year 2013, malaria outbreaks were reported by the national malaria control programme in the highlands, including the district of ankazobe.201526620552
plasmodium falciparum full life cycle and plasmodium ovale liver stages in humanized mice.experimental studies of plasmodium parasites that infect humans are restricted by their host specificity. humanized mice offer a means to overcome this and further provide the opportunity to observe the parasites in vivo. here we improve on previous protocols to achieve efficient double engraftment of tk-nog mice by human primary hepatocytes and red blood cells. thus, we obtain the complete hepatic development of p. falciparum, the transition to the erythrocytic stages, their subsequent multipli ...201526205537
the increasing importance of plasmodium ovale and plasmodium malariae in a malaria elimination setting: an observational study of imported cases in jiangsu province, china, 2011-2014.following initiation of china's national malaria elimination action plan in 2010, indigenous malaria infections in jiangsu province decreased significantly. meanwhile imported plasmodium infections have increased substantially, particularly plasmodium ovale and plasmodium malariae. given the risk for malaria resurgence, there is an urgent need to understand the increase in imported p. ovale and p. malariae infections as china works to achieve national malaria elimination.201627604629
characteristics of imported malaria and species of plasmodium involved in shandong province, china (2012-2014).malaria remains a serious public health problem in shandong province, china; therefore, it is important to explore the characteristics of the current malaria prevalence situation in the province. in this study, data of malaria cases reported in shandong during 2012-2014 were analyzed, and plasmodium species were confirmed by smear microscopy and nested-pcr. a total of 374 malaria cases were reported, 80.8% of which were reported from 6 prefectures. of all cases, p. falciparum was dominant (81.3% ...201627658591
malaria in children of tshimbulu (western kasai, democratic republic of the congo): epidemiological data and accuracy of diagnostic assays applied in a limited resource setting.the literature data on malaria in western kasai, drc, are limited and inadequate. a recent molecular survey there has detected plasmodium ovale and plasmodium malariae as mixed infections with plasmodium falciparum. in tshimbulu, western kasai, during a humanitarian initiative designed to provide children with free preventive screening and to reduce the local high malaria death rate, accurate species identification was performed, in order to collect unambiguous epidemiological data and to evalua ...201626864461
dengue infection as a potential trigger of an imported plasmodium ovale malaria relapse or a long incubation period in a non-endemic malaria region.to report that dengue fever (df) could have triggered plasmodium ovale wallikeri malaria.201626809125
plasmodium malariae and plasmodium ovale infections in the china-myanmar border area.the greater mekong subregion is aiming to achieve regional malaria elimination by 2030. though a shift in malaria parasite species predominance by plasmodium vivax has been recently documented, the transmission of the two minor plasmodium species, plasmodium malariae and plasmodium ovale spp., is poorly characterized in the region. this study aims to determine the prevalence of these minor species in the china-myanmar border area and their genetic diversity.201627846879
low prevalence of laboratory-confirmed malaria in clinically diagnosed adult women from the wakiso district of uganda.the malaria burden in sub-saharan africa (ssa) has fallen substantially. nevertheless, malaria remains a serious health concern, and uganda ranks third in ssa in total malaria burden. epidemiological studies of adult malaria in uganda are scarce and little is known about rates of malaria in non-pregnant adult women. this pilot study assessed malaria prevalence among adult women from wakiso district, historically a highly malaria endemic region.201627842555
diagnosis of an imported plasmodium ovale wallikeri infection in malaysia.plasmodium ovale is rare and not exactly known to be autochthonous in malaysia. there are two distinct forms of the parasite, namely p. ovale curtisi (classic form) and p. ovale wallikeri (variant form). here, the first sequence confirmed case of an imported p. ovale wallikeri infection in malaysia is presented. microscopy found plasmodium parasites with morphology similar to p. ovale or plasmodium vivax in the blood films. further confirmation using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) targeting the ...201626738724
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